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48-610: Shankhari Bazaar is one of the oldest areas in Old Dhaka broadly known as Shankhari Potti . It stretches along a narrow lane, lined with richly decorated brick buildings, built during the late Mughal or Colonial period . Shankhari Bazar is located near the intersection of Islampur Road and Nawabpur Road , a block north of the Buriganga River . The place especially belongs to the Bengali Hindus . About 70%–80% of

96-468: A fire that was flamed by chemical warehouse killed more than hundred people and increased the calls for chemical factories and warehouse to be moved from the area. The narrow lanes make it difficult for fire trucks to reach fires in the area and many of them are narrow to even fit a fire truck. Dhaka's Third Special Judge's Court is located in Bakshibazar, Old Dhaka. Ansarullah Bangla Team attacked

144-526: A museum. The jail was founded in 1788 as a criminal ward. when it closed in 2016 it housed over 8 thousand prisoners. Shakrain is a festival of kite in Old Dhaka. It marks the end of Poush , the first month of winter in Bangladesh. It also involves rooftop parties, fire-breathing , and fireworks. Bongshal Pond is Tanti Bazaar is a community pool and gathering spot. Chaand Raat (the night before eid)

192-456: A police check post, leaving two cops injured and the capture of one terrorist on 1 February 2017. It fell under the jurisdiction of Dhaka South City Corporation after the administrative division of Dhaka. Many of the British and Mughal era buildings of old Dhaka face the risk of being knocked down to be replaced with modern apartment buildings. Conservationist are trying to preserve them but

240-468: A predominantly Armenian neighborhood. There is an Armenian Church in Armanitola. The British converted an old Afghan fort into a Central Jail in 1820. Das Babu, prominent merchant had a daughter Indira, whose tomb is present here. Indira road is named after her and not after Indira Gandhi as some mistakenly believe it to be. Pogose School , was founded by Armenian businessman Nicholas Pogose, as

288-532: Is a Ramadan specialty. Faluda is a traditional iftar desert and lassi is a specialty drink. Shab-e-Barat is celebrated with roti with Halwa , ornate breads, and breads shaped like fish. Kala Bhuna , a beef dish, was created in Old Dhaka and is a speciality of the area. Old Dhaka is home to the historic Prince of Wales bakery , established in the 1850s in Lakshmi Bazaar by a man from Wales . The bakery has been owned by three generations of

336-493: Is a historically Hindu neighborhood known for its Shakhari ( conch musical instrument ) makers. The Shakhari also make bangles from the shells. The shops are in decline as many news to buy cheaper bangles made from artificial shell. Northbrook Hall auditorium was founded in 1881; it holds art exhibitions. Pohela Falgun is celebrated in old Dhaka. Bulbul Academy of Fine Arts is a historic art school in Old Dhaka. The Dhaka Central Jail , which has been closed down now houses

384-407: Is a leading public university in the country located at Old Dhaka. Dhaka College campus was initially located at Dhaka Collegiate School premise before moving to its current location. Sir Salimullah Medical College was founded in 1875 in Old Dhaka; its hospital wing is Mitford Hospital . There are two languages Bengali and Urdu spoken in this region. Dhakaiya Kutti dialect is spoken by

432-472: Is a long narrow street lined by brick buildings of some antiquity. The buildings are about 12 ft wide, 70–100 ft deep and 2–3 storeys high. The greatest height of the buildings is four storeys. Every house used to have a temple room in it. The Shankhari or Shankha Banik people are an Bengali artisan caste. Their traditional occupation is the preparation of bangles and rings made from slices of shankha or conch shell, using specialized tools. Dhaka

480-465: Is a term used to refer to the historic old city of Dhaka , the capital of Bangladesh. It was founded in 1608 as Jahangirabad or Jahangirnagar ( Bengali : জাহাঙ্গীরনগর , romanized :  Jahangirnogor , lit.   'City of Jahangir'), the capital of Mughal Province of Bengal and named after the Mughal emperor Jahangir . It is located on the banks of the Buriganga River . It

528-490: Is beef with a thick layer of oil on top giving it a glassy appearance. Sheer khorma is a desert item that uses a variety of nuts. Nihari and kacchi biryani are Mughal dishes famous in old Dhaka. Kazi Alauddin Road and Chawkbazar are known for their road side stalls selling traditional iftar items during Ramadan . Boro baper polay khai , made with minced meat, chick peas, eggs, potatoes and 13 different spices,

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576-413: Is celebrated here with fireworks and Adda (hangout). Taazia processions are held by Shia Muslims on the occasion of Muharram near Hossaaini and Barha Katra . There are 12 musical schools in Old Dhaka. Old Dhaka has a sense of community where neighbors know each other and that differentiate it from new Dhaka . During Durge Puja some parts of Old Dhaka are brightly decorated and people play drums in

624-413: Is easy. Such a distinction could be particularly relevant in searching for the term in an encyclopaedia, for example. However, the fact that the words sound identical means that they would be transcribed identically, so some important distinctions of meaning cannot be rendered by transcription. Another issue with transcription systems is that cross-dialectal and cross- register differences are widespread, so

672-638: Is known as Murad Takla . Comparisons of the standard romanisation schemes for Bengali are given in the table below. Two standards are commonly used for transliteration of Indic languages, including Bengali. Many standards (like NLK/ISO), use diacritic marks and permit case markings for proper nouns. Schemes such as the Harvard-Kyoto one are more suited for ASCII -derivative keyboards and use upper- and lower-case letters contrastively, so forgo normal standards for English capitalisation. The following table includes examples of Bengali words romanised by using

720-641: Is not the same as phonetic transcription. Rather, romanisation is a representation of one writing system in Roman (Latin) script . If Bengali script has "ত" and Bengalis pronounce it /to/ there is nevertheless an argument based on writing-system consistency for transliterating it as "त" or "ta." The writing systems of most languages do not faithfully represent the spoken sound of the language, as famously with English words like "enough", "women", or "nation" (see " ghoti "). Portuguese missionaries stationed in Bengal in

768-517: Is the major festival of Hindu people. During Durga puja, people gathers in Shankhari Bazaar to worship and view goddess Durga. Besides Hindu, handful Muslims also attend the Puja . In Durga puja, Shankhari Bazaar looks quite nice because of colourful feston, banner etc. Small and temporary food shops are also built during Durga puja. People from different places come to Shankhari Bazaar to see

816-476: Is the mayor of the city corporation. List of landmarks in this region: Romanization of Bengali The Bengali script has been included with the group of Indic scripts whose romanisation does not represent the phonetic value of Bengali. Some of them are the "International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration" or IAST system (based on diacritics), "Indian languages Transliteration" or ITRANS (uses upper case alphabets suited for ASCII keyboards), and

864-420: Is under the administration of Dhaka South City Corporation. Old Dhaka is bounded by the areas of Mohammadpur on the west, Dhanmondi , New Market , Shahbagh , Ramna , Motijheel and Sabujbagh on the north, Jatrabari and Shyampur on the east, adding also Kamrangir Char Thana and Keraniganj Upazila on the south. Old Dhaka falls under the control Dhaka South City Corporation. Sheikh Fazle Noor Taposh

912-694: The Dhakaiya kutti-Bengalis of Old Dhaka in Bangladesh . It is a dialect of Bengali . Dhakaiya Urdu is spoken by Khusbas, Bihari and Mujahir community. It is a dialect of Urdu . Dholaikhal in old Dhaka has large number of light engineering firms. The government is also trying to remove chemical factories from Old Dhaka. Counterfeit cosmetics for Dhaka are made in neighborhoods in Old Dhaka. Old Dhaka consists of 8 metropolitan thanas - Hazaribagh , Lalbagh , Chowkbazar , Bangsal , Kotwali (Dhaka Sadar), Wari , Sutrapur and Gendaria . Old Dhaka

960-603: The Mughals in 1576. Dhaka started to grow from 1610 under the Mughal Subedars . The oldest standing mosque was built in 1454 by Bakht Binat during the rule of Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah . The development of townships and housing has resulted in a significant growth in population came as the city was proclaimed the capital (replacing Rajmahal ) of Bengal Subah under Mughal rule in 1608. Mughal Subahdar Islam Khan

1008-526: The National Library at Calcutta romanisation . In the context of Bengali romanisation, it is important to distinguish transliteration from transcription . Transliteration is orthographically accurate (the original spelling can be recovered), but transcription is phonetically accurate (the pronunciation can be reproduced). English does not have all sounds of Bengali, and pronunciation does not completely reflect orthography. The aim of romanisation

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1056-576: The "Jonesian system" of romanisation and served as a model for the next century and a half. Professor Lightner of Lahore Government College opposed it. 100 years after that i.e. at the beginning of the 20th century, Drew, an assistant professor at Eton College recommended that Indian languages be written in Roman script and for this purpose the magazine called Roman Urdu was launched. Abul Fazal Muhammad Akhtaru-d-Din, in an article titled "Bangla Bornomalar Poribortton" (বাংলা বর্ণমালার পরিবর্ত্তন, Changes in

1104-708: The 16th century were the first people to employ the Latin alphabet in writing Bengali books. The most famous are the Crepar Xaxtrer Orth, Bhed and the Vocabolario em idioma Bengalla, e Portuguez dividido em duas partes , both written by Manuel da Assumpção . However, the Portuguese-based romanisation did not take root. In the late 18th century, Augustin Aussant used a romanisation scheme based on

1152-664: The 20th century, "The workers belong exclusively to the Sankhari sub-caste of Vaishyas: they appear to be very conservative and have the reputation of being exceedingly clannish." Currently most of the Shankhari people belong to the Vaishnava branch of Hinduism, and some to the Shakta school; many are vegetarian. The Hindu temples are one of the major attractions of Shankhari Bazar. There are many temples on this narrow street. Over

1200-829: The Bengali Alphabet) published in Daily Azad on 18 April 1949. At 1949, Language Committee of the East-Bengal Government conducted a survey among teachers, intellectuals, high civil servants, members of the Legislative Council, according to which, out of 301 respondents, 96 favored the introduction of the Arabic script, 18 the Roman script and 187 the retention of the Bengali script. Besides, many people did not give any answer. In 1957,

1248-524: The Bengali Alphabet) published in Daily Azad on April 18, 1949, said, Rabindranath Tagore once advocated the Roman alphabet for Bengali, but later he changed his opinion. During the Bengali Language Movement of the 1940s–50s, Romanization of Bengali was proposed along with other proposals regarding the determination of the state language of the then Pakistan, but like other proposals it also failed, by establishing Bengali as one of

1296-490: The East Pakistan Education Commission recommended the use of the revised Roman script in adult education. Around 1957-58, there was a significant demand for the use of Roman letters again. At that time Muhammad Abdul Hai and Muhammad Enamul Haque opposed it. Romanisation of a language written in a non-Roman script can be based on either transliteration ( orthographically accurate and

1344-525: The French alphabet. At the same time, Nathaniel Brassey Halhed used a romanisation scheme based on English for his Bengali grammar book. After Halhed, the renowned English philologist and oriental scholar Sir William Jones devised a romanisation scheme for Bengali and other Indian languages in general; he published it in the Asiatick Researches journal in 1801. His scheme came to be known as

1392-677: The Puja. Pannitola is in the Rakhal Chandra Basak Lane of Shankhari Bazaar. The name Pannitola basically came from the first settling area of the Panniwala, people who used to make the foil of tin. The living style of the Panniwala's was similar to the Shankhari people. 23°42′36″N 90°24′35″E  /  23.709995°N 90.409683°E  / 23.709995; 90.409683 Old Dhaka Old Dhaka ( Bengali : পুরান ঢাকা , romanized :  Puran Dhaka )

1440-558: The ages, Shankhari Bazaar has been elevated to the level of the most popular centre for religious festivities. As one of the most densely populated areas in the world Shankhari Bazaar also has the largest concentration of the Hindus in Dhaka . The temples are small in size but well decorated with ornamental motifs on the entrance and on the walls of the temples. The temples contain the statue of goddess Durga , Ganesha , Shiva etc. Durga Puja

1488-583: The area's residents are Bengali Hindus , the rest being Muslims. The area was dominated by the Shankhari community, who derived their name from Shankha , a decorated bangle crafted from slices of Shankha or conch shells . A Shankha bangle is the symbol that indicates that a Hindu woman is married. In the 17th century, the Shankharis (conch shell workers) were reportedly brought to Dhaka by the Mughal emperor , who allotted them this area for settlement; it later became known as Shankhari Bazaar. Shankhari Bazaar

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1536-524: The first private school in Dhaka. The national political party, Bangladesh Awami League , was founded in Rose Garden Palace on 23 June 1949. The area saw rise in drug abuse, especially Ya Ba and Phensedyl . Old Dhaka has a large number of chemical, plastic, electrical goods factories, and printing presses. The government of Bangladesh is trying to relocate them out of Old Dhaka. In 2010

1584-440: The government of Bangladesh has shown little interest in preserving them. The government declared Shankhari Bazaar a heritage site in 2013, which met resistance from the residents who wanted to expand the buildings. In 2014 a mosque built in 1707 was demolished leading to controversy and criticism. Government run schools are in a depleted condition in Old Dhaka as of 2015. In 2016 the three hundred-year-old Gorostan Shahi Mosque

1632-593: The modern city from the mid-19th century. Old Dhaka is famous for its variety of foods and amicable living of people of all religions in harmony. The main Muslim festivals celebrated with funfair here are Eid-ul-Fitr , Eid-ul-Adha and Ashura , Hindu festivals like Durga Puja , Kali Puja , and Saraswati Puja are also celebrated with enthusiasm. The festivals which are celebrated by all religious communities with much splendor include Shakrain (পৌষ সংক্রান্তি), Pohela Falgun , and Halkhata (হালখাতা). Religion-wise,

1680-484: The old Dhaka is predominantly Muslim, while a significant number of Hindus also reside here. Christians and Buddhists are also inhabitants here in small numbers. Its inhabitants are known as the demonym Dhakaiya and converse in the Dhakaiya Kutti , a dialect of Bengali and Dhakaiya Urdu , a dialect of Urdu . The existence of a settlement in the area that is now Dhaka dates from the 7th century. The city area

1728-409: The original spelling can be recovered) or transcription (phonetically accurate, and the pronunciation can be reproduced). The distinction is important in Bengali, as its orthography was adopted from Sanskrit and ignores several millennia of sound change. All writing systems differ at least slightly from the way the language is pronounced, but this is more extreme for languages like Bengali. For example,

1776-643: The same family. Local famous foods are: Farashganj SC founded in 1959 and Rahmatganj MFS founded in 1933 are two major Old Dhaka-based association football teams. East End Club , founded in 1933, is one of the top sports clubs in Dhaka producing players like Aminul Islam Bulbul . The area has well known schools like Dhaka Collegiate School , Pogos High School Dhaka govt Muslim high school , St. Gregory's High School & College , K. L. Jubilee High School & College Bangla Bazar Govt. Girls High School and St. Francis Xavier's Girls School & College , Kabi Nazrul Govt. College. Jagannath University

1824-414: The same way ( homographs ) may have different pronunciations for differing meanings: মত can mean "opinion" (pronounced môt ), or "similar to" ( môtô ). Therefore, some important phonemic distinctions cannot be rendered in a transliteration model. In addition, to represent a Bengali word to allow speakers of other languages to pronounce it easily, it may be better to use a transcription, which does not include

1872-476: The same word or lexeme may have many different transcriptions. Even simple words like মন "mind" may be pronounced "mon", "môn", or (in poetry) "mônô" (as in the Indian national anthem, " Jana Gana Mana "). Often, different phonemes are represented by the same symbol or grapheme . Thus, the vowel এ can represent either [e] (এল elo [elɔ] "came") or [ɛ] (এক êk [ɛk] "one"). Occasionally, words written in

1920-557: The silent letters and other idiosyncrasies (স্বাস্থ্য sbasthyô , spelled <swāsthya>, or অজ্ঞান ôggên , spelled <ajñāna>) that make Bengali romanisation so complicated. Such letters are misleading in a phonetic romanisation of Bengali and are often a result of inclusion of the Bengali script with other Indic scripts for romanisation, but the other Indic scripts lack the inherent vowel ô, which causes chaos for Bengali romanisation. A phenomenon in which romanisation of Bengali unintentionally leads to humorous results when translated

1968-505: The state languages of Pakistan at that time, with its traditional letters. After 1947, many other East Pakistani academics, including Muhammad Qudrat-i-Khuda and Nazirul Islam Mohammad Sufian, supported the idea of writing Bengali in Roman script. In 1948, Mohammad Ferdous Khan opposed it in his pamphlet "The language problem of today". Abul Fazl Muhammad Akhtar-ud-Din supported the Roman alphabet in his article entitled "Bangla Bornomalar Poribortton" (বাংলা বর্ণমালার পরিবর্ত্তন, Changes in

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2016-461: The streets. Old Dhaka is famous for its biriyani , morog polau , and kebabs . Morog (Chicken) polau is set apart from traditional biriyani in its use of turmeric and malai (cream of milk) together. An old specialty is bakarkhani with ‘kata moshlar mangsho' is meat cooked with whole spices not powder or paste. Farukul er muri (puffed rice) a venture that started in the 1980s. Other well known dishes include "glassy beef" which

2064-529: The three letters শ, ষ, and স had distinct pronunciations in Sanskrit, but over several centuries, the standard pronunciation of Bengali (usually modelled on the Nadia dialect) has lost the phonetic distinctions, and all three are usually pronounced as IPA [ʃɔ] . The spelling distinction persists in orthography. In written texts, distinguishing between homophones, such as শাপ shap "curse" and সাপ shap "snake",

2112-481: Was demolished to build a new structure. Many of the buildings are demolished because RAJUK and the Archaeological Department of the government did not list them as historical buildings which would have protected them. Architecture Bahadur Shah Park is a 19th-century park that serves as an exercise ground for the residents. Sadarghat is the river terminal of Dhaka City. Shankhari Bazaar

2160-690: Was for long the main centre of the conch cutting industry in India. In 1971 a massacre carried out by the Pakistan Army during the Bangladesh War of Liberation greatly reduced the population of Shankharis in Dhaka, and the main centre of the industry is now Kolkata. According to James Hornell F.L.S., Superintendent of the Pearl and Chank Fisheries to the Government of Madras at the beginning of

2208-484: Was one of the largest and most prosperous cities of the Indian subcontinent and the center of the worldwide muslin trade. The then Nawab of Bengal Murshid Quli Khan shifted the capital from Dhaka to Murshidabad in the early-18th century. With the rise of Calcutta (now Kolkata ) during the British rule, Dhaka began to decline and came to be known as the "City of Magnificent Ruins". The British however began to develop

2256-869: Was ruled by the Buddhist kingdom of Kamarupa and the Pala Empire before passing to the control of the Hindu Sena dynasty in the 9th century. The name of the town may have derived after the establishment of the Goddess Dhakeshvari 's temple by Ballal Sena in the 12th century. After the Sena Empire , Dhaka was ruled by the Delhi Sultanate (sometimes tenuously), then by the Bengal Sultanate , before being taken over by

2304-662: Was the first administrator of the city. Khan named the town "Jahangirabad" (জাহাঙ্গীরাবাদ; City of Jahangir) in honour of the Mughal Emperor Jahangir , although this name was dropped soon after Jahangir's death. Farashganj (French town) was settled by the French 1780, then known as French Market. The area is known for its 19th and early 20th century mansions. Farashganj also had the presence of French East India Company. The 18th and 19th century saw significant number of Armenians settle down in Armanitola , then

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