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44-900: Many Sičhą́ǧu people live on the Rosebud Indian Reservation in southwestern South Dakota and are enrolled in the federally recognized Rosebud Sioux Tribe , also known in Lakȟóta as the Sičhą́ǧu Oyáte. A smaller population lives on the Lower Brule Indian Reservation , on the west bank of the Missouri River in central South Dakota, and on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation , also in South Dakota, directly west of

88-432: A discrepancy. The Census Bureau explained that same-sex "Husband/wife" data samples were changed to "unmarried partner" by computer processing methods in 99% of the cases. In the remaining 1%, computer systems used one of two possibilities: a) one of the two listed sexes was changed, making the partnership appear heterosexual, or b) if the two partners were more than 15 years apart in age, they might have been reassigned into

132-609: A familial parent/child relationship. The process of automatic reassignment of same-sex marriage data was initiated so that the Census Bureau would not contravene the Defense of Marriage Act passed in 1996. The Act states: In determining the meaning of any Act of Congress, or of any ruling, regulation or interpretation of the various administrative bureaus and agencies of the United States, the word 'marriage' means only

176-650: A grass fire on the plains. The term "Sičhą́ǧu" appears on pages 3 to 14 of Beginning Lakhóta . "Ká Lakȟóta kį líla hą́ske. 'That Indian (over yonder) is very tall.'" "Hą, hé Sičhą́ǧú. 'Yes, that's a Rosebud Sioux.'" It appears to be a compound word of the Thítȟųwą Lakȟóta dialect, meaning "burned thigh". Together with the Oglála Lakȟóta , who are mostly based at the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation , they are often called Southern Lakȟóta . They were divided in three great regional tribal divisions: According to

220-697: A sample of blocks. (In 1999, the Supreme Court ruled 5–4 that the Constitution prohibits the use of such figures for apportionment purposes, but it may be permissible for other purposes where feasible.) The controversy was partly technical, but also partly political, since based on data from the 1990 census both parties believed that adjustment would likely have the effect, after redistricting, of slightly increasing Democratic representation in legislative bodies, but would also give Utah an additional, probably Republican, representative to Congress. Following

264-435: A tribal council that operated by consensus. Both women and male elders have continued to have influence within the nation, particularly among those who have followed more traditional lives. At times political factions have developed and continued along ethnic and cultural lines, with full-blood Sioux following traditional ways. Others, sometimes of mixed-blood or having had more urban or European-American experiences, support

308-489: Is 1,970.362 sq mi (5,103.214 km ) with a population of 10,469 in the 2000 census . The main reservation (Todd County) has a land area of 1,388.124 sq mi (3,595.225 km ) and a population of 9,050. The RIR is bounded on the south by Cherry County, Nebraska , on the west by the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation , on the north by the White River , and originally, on the east by the Missouri River . The Oyate capital

352-568: Is a nearly 28,000-acre native grassland (11,000 ha) for a bison herd on the reservation. The Rosebud Economic Development Corporation (REDCO), the economic arm of the Rosebud Sioux Tribe, is managing the land. Established in 2020, the herd will help develop ecological restoration , cultural practices, economic development, food security and public education. Under the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 ,

396-700: Is one of the many tribal band communities established in the late 1870s. Another major town in the reservation is Saint Francis , located southwest of Rosebud. Saint Francis, with a current population of about 469 (2020 census) ., is the largest incorporated town in South Dakota without a state highway for access. Located on the Great Plains , just north of the Nebraska Sandhills , Rosebud Indian Reservation has large areas of Ponderosa Pine forest scattered in its grasslands. Deep valleys are defined by steep hills and ravines, often with lakes dotting

440-582: Is the unincorporated town of Rosebud where the tribal headquarters is located. It was established when the Spotted Tail Indian Agency territory extended to the banks of Rosebud Creek near its confluence with the Little White River . It was previously located in northwestern Nebraska. The largest town on the reservation is Mission , served by the intersections of US Highways 18 and 83. Mission's near neighbor of Antelope

484-535: The Census Bureau , determined the resident population of the United States on April 1, 2000, to be 281,421,906, an increase of 13.2 percent over the 248,709,873 people enumerated during the 1990 census . This was the twenty-second federal census and was at the time the largest civilly administered peacetime effort in the United States. Approximately 16 percent of households received a "long form" of

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528-556: The Rosebud Indian Reservation . The different federally recognized tribes are politically independent of each other. The Sicangu Lakota are known as Sičhą́ǧu Oyáte in Lakȟóta , which translates to "Burnt Thighs Nation". Learning the meaning of their name, the French called them the Brûlé , also Brulé, meaning "burnt". The name may have derived from an incident where they were fleeing through

572-459: The mean center of U.S. population moved to Phelps County, Missouri . The Northeastern United States grew by 2,785,149; the Midwest by 4,724,144. [REDACTED] [REDACTED] (maps not to scale) [REDACTED] The results of the census are used to determine how many congressional districts each state is apportioned . Congress defines the formula, in accordance with Title 2 of

616-713: The 2000 census is freely available through the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series . Aggregate data for small areas, together with electronic boundary files, can be downloaded from the National Historical Geographic Information System . Personally identifiable information will be available in 2072. The U.S. resident population includes the total number of people in the 50 states and the District of Columbia . The Bureau also enumerated

660-433: The 2000 census, which contained over 100 questions. Full documentation on the 2000 census, including census forms and a procedural history, is available from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series . This was the first census in which a state— California —recorded a population of over 30 million, as well as the first in which two states—California and Texas —recorded populations of more than 20 million. Microdata from

704-550: The District of Columbia and Puerto Rico are excluded from the apportionment population because they do not have voting seats in the U. S. House of Representatives. Since the first census in 1790 , the decennial count has been the basis for the United States representative form of government. Article I, Section II specifies that "The Number of Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty Thousand, but each State shall have at Least one Representative." In 1790, each member of

748-660: The French term, the Brulé Sioux . The Rosebud Indian Reservation was established in 1889 after the United States' partition of the Great Sioux Reservation , which was created by the Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868) . The Great Sioux Reservation had covered all of West River, South Dakota (the area west of the Missouri River), as well as part of northern Nebraska and eastern Montana. Since its founding,

792-532: The House represented about 34,000 residents. Since then, the House more than quadrupled in size, and in 1911 the number of representatives was fixed at 435. Today, each member represents about 20 times as many constituents. In the years leading up to the 2000 census, there was substantial controversy over whether the Bureau should adjust census figures based on a follow-up survey, called the post-enumeration survey, of

836-510: The Kul Wicasa (Lower Brule) Medicine Bull (Tatȟą́ka Wakȟą́), the people were decentralized and identified with the following thiyóšpaye , or extended family groups, who collected in various local thiwáhe (English: camps or family circles): The Sicangu give pulverized roots of green comet milkweed ( Asclepias viridiflora ) to children with diarrhea. Nursing mothers take an infusion of the whole plant to increase their milk flow. They brew

880-523: The Rosebud government decided to legalize alcohol sales on the reservation. It found that many residents went off reservation to buy alcohol in nearby towns. By legalizing the sale, the tribe can use sales taxes and other revenues generated for the welfare and health of the tribe. It can directly police and regulate the use of alcohol on the reservation in an effort to reduce abuses, and has established health programs for treatment. The Wolakota Buffalo Range

924-487: The Rosebud reservation has been reduced considerably in size, as has happened with the other Lakota and Dakota reservations. Now, it includes Todd County, South Dakota , and certain communities and lands in the four adjacent counties. The Rosebud Indian Reservation is located in south central South Dakota. It includes within its recognized border all of Todd County , an unincorporated county of South Dakota. The Oyate also have communities and extensive lands and populations in

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968-444: The Supreme Court affirmed the lower court ruling that rejected Utah's efforts to have Mormon missionaries counted. The state of Utah then filed another lawsuit alleging that the statistical methods used in computing the state populations were improper and cost Utah the seat. The Bureau uses a method called imputation to assign a number of residents to addresses where residents cannot be reached after multiple efforts. While nationwide

1012-482: The U.S. Code, to reapportion among the states the 435 seats in the United States House of Representatives . The apportionment population consists of the resident population of the fifty states, plus the overseas military and federal civilian employees and their dependents living with them who could be allocated to a state. Each member of the House represents a population of about 647,000. The populations of

1056-542: The census did not count them specifically. Bisexual and transgender populations were not counted, either, because there were no questions regarding this information. Also unavailable is the number of additional same-sex couples living under the same roof as the first, though this applies to additional heterosexual couples as well. The lack of accurate numbers makes it difficult for lawmakers who are considering legislation on hate crimes or social services for gay families with children. It also makes for less accuracy when predicting

1100-414: The census was tabulated, Utah challenged the results in two different ways. Utah was extremely close to gaining a fourth congressional seat, falling 857 people short, which in turn was allocated to North Carolina . The margin was later shortened to 80 people, after the federal government discovered that it overcounted the population of North Carolina by 2,673 residents. The Census Bureau counted members of

1144-483: The census, discrepancies between the adjusted census figures and demographic estimates of population change could not be resolved in time to meet legal deadlines for the provision of redistricting data, and the Census Bureau therefore recommended that the unadjusted results be used for this purpose. This recommendation was followed by the Secretary of Commerce (the official in charge of making the determination). After

1188-434: The census, there could be three to six more homosexual un-partnered individuals who would not be counted as gay. The census reported that same-sex male couples numbered 336,001 and female same-sex couples numbered 329,522. Extrapolating from those figures and the surveyed partnering habits of homosexuals, as many as 4.3 million homosexual adults could have been living in the U.S. in 2000. The exact number cannot be known because

1232-487: The deeper valleys. Major employers include Rosebud Sioux Tribe, Bureau of Indian Affairs , and Todd County School District. The RST owns and operates Rosebud Casino on U.S. Route 83 just north of the Nebraska border. Nearby is a fuel plaza, featuring truck parking and a convenience store. Power for the casino is furnished in part by one of the nation's first tribally owned wind turbines , which generate electricity. In

1276-402: The early 21st century, the tribe built a new residential development, Sicangu Village , along Highway 83 near the casino and the state line. The Tribe also owns QCredit, an online financial services company. The Tribe works with financial technology vendor Think Finance for assistance with compliance management, risk management, and loan services. Like numerous other Native American tribes,

1320-461: The elected government. Enrolled members living on reservation number 21,245. The RST population is estimated at 25,000 (2005). The short two-year terms of office can make it difficult for elected tribal officials to carry out projects over the long term. In addition, BIA officials and police retain roles on the reservations, which the historian Akim Reinhardt calls a form of "indirect colonialism". The tribe has developed Sinte Gleska University on

1364-588: The federally recognized Rosebud Sioux Tribe (RST) re-established self-government. It adopted a constitution and bylaws, to take back many responsibilities for internal management from the BIA. It followed the model of elected government: president, vice-president, and representative council, adopted by many Native American nations. At the time and since then, many tribal members opposed the elected government, preferring their traditional form of hereditary clan chiefs selected for life, contingent on approval by women elders, and

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1408-421: The fertility of a population. Another issue that concerned gay rights advocates involved the automatic changing of data during the tabulation process. This automatic software data compiling method, called allocation , was designed to counteract mistakes and discrepancies in returned questionnaires. Forms that were filled out by two same-sex persons who checked the "Husband/wife" relationship box were treated as

1452-470: The four adjacent counties, which were once within the Rosebud Sioux Tribe (RST) boundaries: Tripp , Lyman , Mellette , and Gregory counties, all in South Dakota. Mellette County, especially, has extensive off-reservation trust land , comprising 33.35 percent of its land area. Some 40.23 percent of the Sicangu Oyate population lives here. The total land area of the reservation and its trust lands

1496-892: The imputation method added 0.4% to the population, the rate in Utah was 0.2%. The state challenged that the use of imputation violates the Census Act of 1957 and that it also fails the Constitution's requirement in Article I, Section 2 that an "actual enumeration" be used for apportionment. This case, Utah v. Evans , made it to the Supreme Court , but Utah was again defeated. The census forms did not include any questions regarding sexual orientation , making it impossible to compile data comparing heterosexual and homosexual populations. However, two questions were asked that allowed same-sex partnerships to be counted. The questionnaires asked

1540-462: The leaves of prairie redroot ( Ceanothus herbaceus ) into a tea. Rosebud Indian Reservation The Rosebud Indian Reservation is an Indian reservation in South Dakota , United States. It is the home of the federally recognized Rosebud Sioux Tribe , who are Sicangu , a band of Lakota people . The Lakota name Sicangu Oyate translates as the "Burnt Thigh Nation", also known by

1584-527: The legislation. In December 2020, the Jesuits returned 525 acres (212 ha) to the reservation. The scattered pieces had been given to them in the 1890s for religious use. The Rosebud Sioux Reservation has 20 communities represented on its tribal council: 43°17′40″N 100°39′22″W  /  43.29444°N 100.65611°W  / 43.29444; -100.65611 United States Census, 2000 The 2000 United States census , conducted by

1628-583: The military and other federal civilian employees serving abroad as residents of their home state but did not count other people living outside the United States. Utah claimed that people traveling abroad as religious missionaries should be counted as residents and that the failure to do so imposed a burden on Mormon religious practice. Almost half of all Mormon missionaries, more than 11,000 people, were from Utah; only 102 came from North Carolina. If this policy were changed, then Utah would have received an additional seat instead of North Carolina. On November 26, 2002,

1672-726: The only emergency room on its reservation, which is operated by Indian Health Services . The ER was closed because of conditions so poor that Medicaid ( CMS ) would not reimburse for its services. The ER had been closed for nearly five months, leaving people on the reservation without services. They have to travel 50 miles to reach another hospital. The emergency department was re-opened after seven months on July 15, 2016. While in Congress before 2018, former Representative Kristi Noem (R-South Dakota), now governor of South Dakota, authored legislation to improve conditions and staff at IHS facilities. She testified before Congress to gain support for

1716-818: The people of the Rosebud Sioux Reservation joined the Oglala Lakota and other Sioux nations in suing the federal government in a land claim for its taking of the Black Hills in the late 19th century. In 1980 the case was heard by the United States Supreme Court , which agreed with the nations that the US had acted illegally in 1877. The US government offered financial compensation, which the Sioux have refused. They still demand

1760-509: The reservation had no access to ER services. Five babies were born in ambulances en route to the nearest hospitals -50 miles away- and nine people died during emergency transport to other health facilities. CMS announced on July 14, 2016, that the emergency department would re-open the next day. On April 28, 2016, members of the Rosebud Indian Reservation announced they were suing the federal government for its closure of

1804-489: The reservation. The tribal university is named after the 19th-century Sioux war chief and statesman, whose name in English was Spotted Tail . The Sun-Times is the only news outlet to cover political news on the reservation, along with police, court and community news. An economic decline forced the paper to cut back to a monthly edition in 2010. In United States v. Sioux Nation of Indians , 448 U.S. 371 (1980),

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1848-511: The residents of the U.S. territory of Puerto Rico ; its population was 3,808,610, an 8.1% increase over the number from a decade earlier. In an introduction to a more detailed population profile (see references below ), the Census Bureau highlighted the following facts about U.S. population dynamics: Regionally, the South and West experienced the bulk of the nation's population increase: 14,790,890 and 10,411,850, respectively. This meant that

1892-592: The return of the land to their nation. The compensation fund is earning interest and has increased in value. The tribe has suffered from terrible conditions at the IHS hospital. Because the IHS did not maintain standards, in November 2015 the federal Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) said it would no longer reimburse for services at the ER, as conditions were so poor. The ER was closed. For seven months, citizens on

1936-554: The sex of each person in a household and they asked what the relationship was between each of the members of the household. Respondents could check "Husband/wife" or "unmarried partner" or a number of other relationships. Responses were tabulated and the Census Bureau reported that there were more than 658,000 same-sex couples heading households in the United States. However, only about 25% of gay men and 40% of lesbians are in shared-household partnerships at any one time, according to non-census surveys. For every same-sex couple tallied in

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