Misplaced Pages

#135864

85-607: Sigmaringen is renowned for its castle, Schloss Sigmaringen , which was the seat of the principality of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen until 1850 and is still owned by the Hohenzollern family. Surrounded by wooded hills Sigmaringen lies in the Danube valley, south of the Swabian Alps and around 40 km north of Lake Constance . The surrounding towns are Winterlingen (in the district of Zollernalb) and Veringenstadt in

170-573: A government-in-exile in Ta'if . The Kuwaiti government in exile was far more affluent than most other such governments, having full disposal of the very considerable Kuwaiti assets in western banks—of which it made use to conduct a massive propaganda campaign denouncing the Ba'athist Iraqi occupation and mobilizing public opinion in the Western world in favor of war with Ba'athist Iraq . In March 1991, following

255-733: A cadet branch of the Hohenzollern family , from which the German Emperors and kings of Prussia came. During the closing months of World War II, Schloss Sigmaringen was briefly the seat of the Vichy French Government after France was liberated by the Allies . The castle and museums may be visited throughout the year, but only on guided tours. It is still owned by the Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen family, although they no longer reside there. Sigmaringen

340-614: A centerpiece of his elegant castle. To create this, in 1872 he had the Parisian architect Lambert rebuild the dining hall into the French Hall (German: Französische Saal ). In 1877 he expanded the central keep , removed the old roof and topped the keep with a new pointed roof. In the following year, the Ancestors' Hall (German: Ahnensaal ) was rebuilt. Since 1871 the castle has been open for guided tours. These tours provide

425-609: A destination of the rich and powerful. In 1855, the walls of the upper story were removed to create the Old German Hall (German: Altdeutschen Saal ). In 1864 he modified the arches above the southern curtain wall to form the Weapons Room (German: Waffenhalle ). From 1862 until 1867 he built the new Art Gallery (German: Kunsthalle ), which is today a museum. As a member of the German high nobility, Karl Anton needed

510-492: A document of Walter von Dillingen , Prince-Bishop of Augsburg , as lords of Spitzenberg-Sigmaringen. Under the Helfenstein family, the castle was renovated around 1200. The castle was totally rebuilt with buckel stones (squared-off stones with a rounded outer surface). Between 1209 and 1258 the castle was occupied by Graf Gottried von Sigmaringen-Helfenstein and his son Graf Gebhard von Sigmaringen-Pietengau. In 1258

595-478: A formidable force, posing a serious challenge to the incumbent regime of the country, while others are maintained chiefly as a symbolic gesture. The phenomenon of a government in exile predates the formal utilization of the term. In periods of monarchical government , exiled monarchs or dynasties sometimes set up exile courts, as the House of Stuart did when driven from their throne by Oliver Cromwell and again at

680-680: A government in exile after loss of sovereignty in connection with World War II . A large number of European governments-in-exile were set up in London . Other exiled leaders in Britain in this time included King Zog of Albania and Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia . Occupied Denmark did not establish a government in exile, although there was an Association of Free Danes established in London . The government remained in Denmark and functioned with relative independence until August 1943 when it

765-713: A history of the castle as well as the House of Hohenzollern. Leopold (1835–1905), the son of Karl Anton, was offered the Spanish crown after the Spanish Revolution of 1868 overthrew Queen Isabella II . He was supported by the Prussian Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck , but opposed by the French emperor Napoleon III . Leopold was forced to decline the offer, but the extra demands made by

850-615: A member of the court F. A. von Lehner to search for and archeologically explore the Villa Rustica in the area. Finds from this Roman estate as well as other nearby estates are including in the collection. Located south west of the castle is the royal stables (German: Marstall ). The building now houses the Marstallmuseum , a collection of princely carriages. Carriages, coaches, sleds and sedan chairs are presented in an open building. Additionally, equipment for

935-716: A picture of life from the Stone Age until the end of the Merovingian dynasty (10.000 B.C. until 700  A.D. ). It also includes artifacts from the Roman settlements around Sigmaringen. Karl Anton wasn't just fascinated by weapons and hunting, he also loved history and archeology . In 1881 during construction of a canal in the Sigmaringen Market Square, Roman pottery shards and iron work were found. This discovery excited Karl Anton, and he ordered

SECTION 10

#1732765195136

1020-553: A territory they once controlled, or claim legitimacy of a post-decolonization authority. The claim may stem from an exiled group's election as a legitimate government. The United Nations recognizes the right of self-determination for the population of these territories, including the possibility of establishing independent sovereign states. Formerly opposed the Derg and the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia , sought to restore

1105-526: A tour. The tours are in German only, though translated guides are available. The castle is open in March and April from 9:30 am to 4:30 pm, May to October from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., and November to February from 10:00 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. 48°05′16″N 9°13′01″E  /  48.08778°N 9.21694°E  / 48.08778; 9.21694 Government in exile List of forms of government A government-in-exile (GiE)

1190-489: Is a political group that claims to be the legitimate government of a sovereign state or semi-sovereign state , but is unable to exercise legal power and instead resides in a foreign country. Governments in exile usually plan to one day return to their native country and regain formal power. A government in exile differs from a rump state in the sense that the latter controls at least part of its remaining territory. For example, during World War I , nearly all of Belgium

1275-516: Is based relies on an argument that the sovereignty of Taiwan was not legitimately handed to the Republic of China at the end of World War II , and on that basis the Republic of China is located in foreign territory, therefore effectively making it a government in exile. By contrast, this theory is not accepted by those who view the sovereignty of Taiwan as having been legitimately returned to

1360-551: Is inclined to this view. These governments in exile were founded by deposed governments or rulers who continue to claim legitimate authority of the state they once controlled. It is the oldest government in exile in the world, led by Ivonka Survilla since 1997; based in Ottawa, Ontario . Declared an "extremist formation" in Belarus. This government was formed in response to the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état . The cabinet members of

1445-466: Is located on the southern edge of the Swabian Jura , a plateau region in southern Baden-Württemberg. The Hohenzollern castle was built below the narrow Danube river valley in the modern Upper Danube Nature Park (German: Naturpark Obere Donau ). The castle rises above the Danube on a towering chalk projection that is a spur of the white Jura Mountains formation. The hill is known simply as

1530-473: Is the same as with a national government in exile—to assert a continuation of legitimate rule, even though having no control of the ground, and working towards restoration of such control. Meetings of the exiled Municipal Council of Lapithos took place in the homes of its members until the Exile Municipality was offered temporary offices at 37 Ammochostou Street, Nicosia. The current Exile Mayor of

1615-600: The Pfullendorf agreement (German: Pfullendorfer Vertrag ). Count Charles I. von Hohenzollern occupied the castle. Charles II. von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (1547–1606), son of Charles I was the count of Sigmaringen from 1576 until 1606. He was also the founder of the Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen line of the Hohenzollern family. Under Charles II the castle was renovated. Between 1576 and 1606

1700-874: The Allied invasion of France, the French Vichy Regime was moved from France into Schloss Sigmaringen by the Germans, in spite of strong protest of Marshall Petain . The princely family was forced by the Gestapo out of the castle and moved to Schloss Wilflingen . Pierre Laval , former Prime Minister of the Vichy Government, was there as well as Joseph Darnand , Head of the feared Milice. The French authors Louis-Ferdinand Céline and Lucien Rebatet , who had written political and anti-semitic works, feared for their safety and fled to Sigmaringen with

1785-631: The Glorious Revolution (see James Francis Edward Stuart § Court-in-exile ). The House of Bourbon would be another example because it continued to be recognized by other countries at the time as the legitimate government of France after it was overthrown by the populace during the French Revolution . This continued to last through the rule of Napoleon Bonaparte and the Napoleonic Wars from 1803–04 to 1815. With

SECTION 20

#1732765195136

1870-704: The Grafeneck Euthanasia Centre , where they were killed as "unworthy of life". After the closure of Grafeneck in December 1940, a further deportation to the Hadamar Euthanasia Centre occurred on 14 March 1941. On 7 September 1944, following the Allied invasion of France, Philippe Pétain and members of the Vichy government cabinet were relocated to Germany, a move which Petain fiercely fought against. A city-state ruled by

1955-548: The House of Württemberg ), in 1459 inherited the castle and county of Sigmaringen. To protect his land, in the following year he declared Sigmaringen an Austrian fief. From 1460 until 1500 the Counts von Werdenberg renovated the Burg (a military fortress) into Schloss Sigmaringen (a fortified residence), and expanded it to the dimensions which remain today. Toward the end of the 15th century they built two long, angular buildings in

2040-673: The Hüttenwerke Laucherthal (English: Laucherthal Steel Works). Since the death of his wife Margarita in 1996, Prince Frederick William lived on a country estate in Jagdschloss Josefslust between Krauchenwies and Sigmaringen. His son and heir, Karl Friedrich , lives in the Sommerschloss (Summer Palace) in Krauchenwies. The castle is occupied by the management for the business interests of

2125-823: The Monarchy of Ethiopia ; based in the Washington D.C metropolitan area . On 28 July 2004, the Crown Council redefined its role by redirecting its mission from the political realm to a mission of cultural preservation, development and humanitarian efforts in Ethiopia. Based in Quetta , as a continuation of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan . After the Taliban were removed from power in the 2001 Afghan war ,

2210-528: The National Coalition for Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces was formed by groups whose members sought to end the rule of the ruling Ba'ath Party . The governments in exile may have little or no recognition from other states . The effectiveness of a government in exile depends primarily on the amount of support it receives, either from foreign governments or from the population of its own country. Some exiled governments come to develop into

2295-475: The Schlossberg or Castle Rock. The Schlossberg is about 200 meters (660 ft) long and up to 35 meters (115 ft) above the river. On this free-standing towering rock, the princely Hohenzollern castle is the largest of the Danube valley castles. The sheer cliffs and steep sides of the tower made it a natural site for a well-protected medieval castle. The first castle at Sigmaringen appeared during

2380-680: The Ständehaus built on the modern Leopoldsplatz in Sigmaringen (today owned by the Hohenzollerischen Landesbank). Karl also removed the burden of serfdom and various other medieval laws . During the German Revolution of 1848 Karl abdicated in favor of his son, Karl Anton , on 27 August 1848. In recognition of Karl's efforts to improve the lives of his subjects, in 1857 the hospital that he built

2465-669: The Tübingen–Sigmaringen railway from Tübingen to Aulendorf and connecting to the Tuttlingen–Inzigkofen railway to Tuttlingen , and the Engstingen–Sigmaringen railway operated by the Hohenzollerische Landesbahn . Sigmaringen lies in the serving area of Verkehrsverbund Neckar-Alb-Donau (NALDO). Schloss Sigmaringen Sigmaringen Castle ( German : Schloss Sigmaringen )

2550-620: The government in exile headed by Fernand de Brinon was established at Sigmaringen. One of his most notorious members was Joseph Darnand , hero of First World War and who, because of his deep admiration for Petain (for him, he was the "Victor of Verdun "), he followed to the bitter end, his execution by fire squad. There were three embassies in the city-state, representing each of Vichy-France's allies: Germany, Italy , and Japan . French writers Louis-Ferdinand Céline , Lucien Rebatet and Roland Gaucher , fearing for their lives because of their political and antisemitic writings, fled along with

2635-689: The French government and the sending of the Ems Telegram resulted in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71, which led to the fall of Napoleon III and the French Third Republic . Following the war and the death of Karl Anton, Leopold ruled as prince of the Houses of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen and Hohenzollern from 1885 until his death in 1905. In 1893, the eastern wing burned and was nearly totally destroyed. Starting in 1895,

Sigmaringen - Misplaced Pages Continue

2720-455: The Hall of Weapons. On the east side near the mill is a small 2 meters (6.6 ft) wide opening in the wall, which was most likely a lower castle gate. The 6 to 8 meters (20 to 26 ft) high outer curtain wall is the foundation of the modern castle building. In the north inner wall of the keep is a small opening, which likely was a hidden passage leading to the Danube. The castle rooms on

2805-525: The Imperial troops in the following year. During the attack by Imperial troops under General Horn , the eastern section of the castle was destroyed by fire. Before the siege, Johann fled to Bavaria . He would remain in Bavaria until death, at age 60, in 1638. Johann's son, Meinrad I (1605–1681), was the prince from 1638 until 1681. Meinrad had the burned eastern wing rebuilt during 1658 and 1659 by

2890-545: The Middle Ages to modern times. The Marstall museum contains the princely fleet of carriages. The weapon collection in Schloss Sigmaringen contains over 3000 different examples of weapons and armor. Prince Karl Anton's passion for collecting weapons resulted in the creation of this collection. The collection shows the evolution of weapons from the 14th century to the 20th century. In addition to weapons,

2975-812: The National Unity Government are in hiding within Myanmar. These governments in exile claim legitimacy of autonomous territories of another state and have been founded by deposed governments or rulers, who do not claim independence as a separate state. These governments have been founded in exile by political organisations and opposition parties , aspire to become actual governing authorities or claim to be legal successors to previously deposed governments, and have been founded as alternatives to incumbent governments. These governments have been founded in exile by political organisations, opposition parties, and separatist movements, and desire to become

3060-540: The Nazis claimed by the French authorities and media, he voluntarily returned to France to face trial, was condemned to death, sentence which was commuted by de Gaulle into life imprisonment. He spent the rest of his life in the prison of Île d'Yeu, an island of the Atlantic Coast. During the 1970s, following a crisis in the steel industry, Prince Frederick William had to sell some of the family property to support

3145-746: The Republic of China at the end of the war. Both the government of the People's Republic of China and the Pan-Blue Coalition (including the Kuomintang ) in the Republic of China hold the latter view. However, there are also some who do not accept that the sovereignty of Taiwan was legitimately returned to the Republic of China at the end of the war nor that the Republic of China is a government-in-exile, and China's territory does not include Taiwan. The current Democratic Progressive Party in Taiwan

3230-585: The Royal Government (Dutch) decreed an official Netherlands East Indies government-in-exile , with Dr van Mook as Acting Governor General, on Australian soil until Dutch rule was restored in the Indies. In the later stages of World War II , with the German Army increasingly pushed back and expelled from various countries, Axis-aligned groups from some countries set up "governments-in-exile" under

3315-927: The United States. Earlier, in 1897, the Hong Kong Junta was established as a government in exile by the Philippine revolutionary Republic of Biak-na-Bato . While formed long before World War II, the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea continued in exile in China until the end of the war. At the fall of Java , and the surrender by the Dutch on behalf of Allied forces on 8 March 1942, many Dutch-Indies officials (including Dr van Mook and Dr Charles van der Plas ) managed to flee to Australia in March 1942, and on 23 December 1943,

3400-433: The Vichy government to Sigmaringen. Céline's novel D'un château l'autre (English: Castle to Castle ) describes the fall of Sigmaringen. The city was taken by Free French forces on 22 April 1945. Pétain returned to France, where he stood trial for treason and was condemned to death, though the sentence was commuted by Charles de Gaulle . Three railways meet in Sigmaringen, the Ulm–Sigmaringen railway leading to Ulm ,

3485-420: The Vichy government. Céline's 1957 novel D'un château l'autre , (English: From one castle to another) describes the end of the war and the fall of Sigmaringen on 22 April 1945. The book was made into a German movie in 2006, through the German media companies ZDF and Arte , called Die Finsternis (English: The Darkness). Petain then took refuge in Switzerland. Shocked by the accusations of collaboration with

Sigmaringen - Misplaced Pages Continue

3570-427: The aftermath of a civil war , revolution , or military coup . For example, during German expansion and advance in World War II , some European governments sought refuge in the United Kingdom , rather than face destruction at the hands of Nazi Germany . On the other hand, the Provisional Government of Free India proclaimed by Subhas Chandra Bose sought to use support from the invading Japanese to gain control of

3655-521: The auspices of the Axis powers, in the remaining Axis territory - even though internationally recognized governments were in place in their home countries. The main purpose of these was to recruit and organize military units composed of their nationals in the host country. Following the Ba'athist Iraqi invasion and occupation of Kuwait , during the Persian Gulf War , on 2 August 1990, Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah and senior members of his government fled to Saudi Arabia , where they set up

3740-418: The best protected castles in Germany during the Middle Ages. The original castle was 80 by 30 meters (262 by 98 ft) with the central keep being 45 by 20 meters (148 by 66 ft) in size. The flat and therefore threatened west side was protected by a moat and a 25 or 26 meters (82 or 85 ft) high keep. The square western keep was 8.23 by 8.34 meters (27.0 by 27.4 ft) in size. The foundations of

3825-433: The castle and the county of Sigmaringen to the Count of Württemberg . Finally in 1399 Count Eberhard von Württemberg granted the castle and county of Sigmaringensein as well as the county of Veringen in Margraviate of Austria , to his uncle and liegeman Count Eberhard III. von Werdenberg (1387–1416) as a fief . His son Count Johann IV. von Werdenberg (1416–1465) and his wife Countess von Württemberg (disinherited by

3910-401: The castle were between 3 and 2.5 meters (9.8 and 8.2 ft) thick. The, originally, four-story keep walls taper slightly to between 2 or 2.5 meters (6.6 or 8.2 ft) thick. The walls are built in the buckel stone style out of a mixture of limestone and Nagelfluh , a conglomerate rock found in the area. The keep could be entered through a nearly 8 metres (26 ft) high entrance on

3995-408: The collection also includes protective items such as shields, armor and handguns. Particularly noteworthy are such rare objects dating from the 15th century as a German multi-barrel gun, a body shield and a richly engraved helmet once belonging to a royal bodyguard from ca.1622. The collection includes not just European weapons but also weapons that were considered exotic, such as Persian weapons and

4080-478: The construction manager Johannes de Pay and the Munich architect Emanuel von Seidl rebuilt the destroyed section. In 1899 and 1906, other sections of the castle were redone in the eclectic style (a combination of Romanesque , Gothic , and mostly Renaissance styles) that was common at the time. The Portuguese Gallery (German: Portugiesische Galerie ) was built during this reconstruction. The construction continued under Leopold's son, Wilhelm (1864–1927) who

4165-437: The construction of the Marstalles or royal stables. In addition to this construction, in 1736 he had the castle modernized and the Knights' Hall (German: Rittersaal ) was built. In 1867 it was refurnished and renamed the Ancestors' Hall (German: Ahnensaal ). His son, Karl Friedrich reigned from 1769 until 1785. Karl Friedrich's son, Anton Aloys (1762–1831), reigned from 1785 until 1831. Between 1815 and 1817 he had

4250-438: The country from what it viewed as British occupiers, and in the final year of WWII, after Nazi Germany was driven out of France, it maintained the remnants of the Nazi-sympathizing Vichy government as a French government in exile at the Sigmaringen enclave . A government in exile may also form from widespread belief in the illegitimacy of a ruling government. Due to the outbreak of the Syrian Civil War in 2011, for instance,

4335-410: The courtyard side. To the north of the keep, next to the wall tower, is the castle gate with a gatehouse . The 2.28 meters (7.5 ft) wide and 3.96 meters (13.0 ft) high castle gate was built as a semi-circular entrance with rounded stones and soldiers carved as capitals on the columns. Currently, the castle gate is located at the upper end of the steeply inclined entry hall. The flat top of

SECTION 50

#1732765195136

4420-440: The cousin of Graf Gebhard, Graf Ulrich II. von Helfenstein, became the owner of Burg Sigmaringen. Later, Ulrich's daughter Agnes married Graf Ulrich I. von Montfort. Following the marriage in 1272, Sigmaringen was owned by the Counts of Montfort . Then, in 1290 Graf Hugo V. von Montfort, son of Ulrich I, sold the castle and the city of Sigmaringen to Albrecht and Rudolf von Habsburg . Before 1325 Duke Luipold von Habsburg sold

4505-448: The debate on the political status of Taiwan . In addition to the island of Taiwan and some other islands it currently controls, the Republic of China formally maintains claims over territory now controlled by the People's Republic of China as well as some parts of Afghanistan , Bhutan , India , Japan , Mongolia , Myanmar , Pakistan , Russia , and Tajikistan . The usual formal reasoning on which this "government-in-exile" claim

4590-399: The defeat of Ba'athist Iraq at the hands of coalition forces in the Persian Gulf War , the Sheikh and his government were able to return to Kuwait. Following the Turkish Invasion of Cyprus in 1974 and the displacement of many Greek Cypriots from North Cyprus , displaced inhabitants of several towns set up what are in effect municipal councils in exile, headed by mayors in exile. The idea

4675-407: The end of the Early Middle Ages , during the early 11th century. The castle was first mentioned in 1077 following the unsuccessful siege of Burg Sigmaringen by Rudolf of Rheinfelden in his fight against the King of Germany , Henry IV . In 1083 a pair of brothers, Ludwig and Manegold von Sigmaringen, are listed as witnesses on a document for the Königseggwald abbey. Ludwig von Sigmaringen

4760-411: The fief of Sigmaringen and Veringen, in 1535, to Charles I of Hohenzollern (1516–1576), the son from Johanna von Bröseln's first marriage with Friedrich III. von Hohenzollern. Charles I was the first Hohenzollern to rule in Sigmaringen. In 1539 there was another fire that damaged the castle. A year later, in 1540, Sigmaringen and Veringen were transferred to the House of Hohenzollern as part of

4845-403: The founders of the 11th-century St. George's Abbey in the Black Forest . From 1133 until 1170 Rudolf von Sigmaringen-Spitzenberg, the son of Ludwig II, ruled at Sigmaringen. In 1183 Graf Ludwig von Sigmaringen-Spitzenberg- Helfenstein , the son of Rudolf, is mentioned at the castle. In 1147 Ludwig as well as his father Rudolf and brother Ulrich II von Sigmaringen-Spitzenberg are mentioned in

4930-422: The full equipment of a Japanese Samurai . In the Galeriebau (English: Gallery Building), built from 1862 to 1867 under Prince Karl Anton, west of the castle is a collection of medieval torture instruments. The torture chamber with its instruments illustrates an earlier sense of justice. In addition to the torture museum, the Galeriebau also houses a Pre and Ancient history museum. The collections give

5015-509: The gatehouse was expanded to cover the entrance to the castle and a new church was built near the castle. In 1576 the House of Hohenzollern split into four lines, Hohenzollern (died out in 1602), Hohenzollern-Haigerloch (absorbed by Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen after 1630), Hohenzollern-Hechingen (died out in 1869) and Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen . Sigmaringen was the main residence of the family of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen from 1576 until 1850. Johann von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (1578–1638),

5100-447: The governing authorities of their territories as independent states, or claim to be the successor to previously deposed governments, and have been founded as alternatives to incumbent governments. Founded by the Dalai Lama in Dharamsala , India with cooperation of Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru . These governments in exile are governments of non-self-governing or occupied territories. They claim legitimate authority over

5185-424: The government's controlled territory. These governments once controlled all or most of their claimed territory, but continue to control a smaller part of it while also continuing to claim legitimate authority of the entire territory they once fully controlled. The currently Taipei -based Republic of China government does not regard itself as a government-in-exile, but is claimed to be such by some participants in

SECTION 60

#1732765195136

5270-401: The granary rebuilt as a five-story knights' building, which became known as Wilhelm's building (German: Wilhelmsbau ). Prince Karl (1785–1853), the son of Anton Aloys, ruled from 1831 until 1848. In 1833 Karl called a constitutional assembly (German: Landtag ) together and created a constitutional charter that would be the law in his lands. He founded a hospital for his subjects, and had

5355-403: The hill was surrounded by a curtain wall . From the original fortified house with its blind arches and enclosed kitchen, located on the highest point of the cliff, the arches and portions of the wall are still visible in the outer wall. On the southside, about 6 meters (20 ft) below the keep, a 10–12 meters (33–39 ft) wide inner courtyard was located. Today this area is occupied by

5440-441: The horses including saddles, horse shoes and spurs, are on display in the museum. One of the exhibits, a manual firefighting pump dates back to the fire in the castle in 1893. The fire raged for three days because the connections on the modern firefighting equipment didn't match the castle's connections. Water had to be brought up by a human chain in buckets from the Danube to the castle. The castle may only be visited as part of

5525-436: The master builder Michael Beer. Both eastern buildings, built when the Werdenberg family owned Sigmaringen, were combined under a single roof. Maximilian (1636–1689), son of Meinrad I, was prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen from 1681 until 1689. His son Meinrad II (1673–1715) ruled from 1689 until 1715. From 1698 on he ruled in Haigerloch . His son, Josef (1702–1769) ruled from 1715 until 1769. In 1724 Josef ordered

5610-444: The north east. Then, in the early 16th century another wing was added to the west. The two round towers that flank the entrance to the castle also date from this time Hugo IX. zu Sigmaringen (1459–1508), son of Johann IV., died without any male offspring. His sister Anna von Werdenberg married Count Friedrich von Fürstenberg in 1516. In 1521 Christoph (1494–1534), together with his brothers Johann VI. and Felix I. von Werdenberg,

5695-459: The north, Bingen , Sigmaringendorf , and Scheer in the east, Mengen , Krauchenwies , Inzigkofen , and Meßkirch in the south, and Leibertingen , Beuron , and Stetten am kalten Markt in the west. The town is made up of the following districts: Sigmaringen town center, Gutenstein , Jungnau , Laiz, Oberschmeien, and Unterschmeien. Sigmaringen's climate is classified as humid continental ( Köppen : Dfb ; Trewartha : Dclo ). Sigmaringen

5780-406: The prince as well as the museum. The modern Schloss Sigmaringen owes its current size and appearance to three construction periods. The first castle at Sigmaringen dated from around 1200 and was built from Buckel Stones (squared off stones with a rounded outer surface). The original castle was fully absorbed into the later constructions. Built on the eastern side of the rock hill, it was one of

5865-406: The princes of Hohenzollern. As a result of the Sigmaringen Revolution of 1848, the Princes of Hechingen and Sigmaringen abdicated, whereby both principalities fell to Prussia in 1850. From 1850 to 1945, Sigmaringen was the seat of the Prussian Government for the Province of Hohenzollern . Karl Anton von Hohenzollern was 1858-1862 Prime Minister of Prussia. From 1914 to 1918, around 150 men from

5950-416: The son of Charles II was the count of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen from 1606 until 1623. Then in 1623 the family was promoted from Count (German: Graf ) to the rank of Princes of the Holy Roman Empire (German: Reichsfürst ). Johann then became the first prince (German: Fürst ) of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen. During the Thirty Years' War , the castle was besieged by Swedish troops in 1632, and retaken by

6035-413: The spread of constitutional monarchy , monarchical governments which were exiled started to include a prime minister , such as the Dutch government during World War II headed by Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy . The capital of a government-in-exile is known as a capital-in-exile, located outside the government's proclaimed territory. This differs from a temporary capital , which is located somewhere inside

6120-473: The tour are full of ornate furniture, paintings and valuable porcelain objects. The rooms give the visitor a taste of the lifestyle of the nobility in previous centuries. Collections of pre- and ancient historical objects are on display as well as works from swabian artists, carvers and metalworkers. The Hall of Weapons displays one of the largest private weapon collections in Europe, covering everything from

6205-493: The town died during World War I . In the Nazi era, a Gestapo office was located in Sigmaringen. From 1937, it belonged to Stuttgart 's Gestapo. Between 1934 and 1942, more than 100 men were sterilized because of "hereditary diseases". On 12 December 1940, during the Nazi medical experiments known as the " T4 ", 71 mentally disabled and mentally ill patients became the victims of Nazi injustice. These men and women were deported to

6290-582: The town is Athos Eleftheriou. The same premises are shared with the Exile Municipal Council of Kythrea . Also in the Famagusta District of Cyprus, the administration of the part retained by the Republic of Cyprus considers itself as a "District administration in exile", since the district's capital Famagusta had been under Turkish control since 1974. Works of alternate history as well as science fictional depictions of

6375-735: The veteran high-ranking leaders of the former government including Mullah Mohammed Omar , founder and spiritual leader of the Taliban, fled to Quetta , Balochistan Province , Pakistan where they set up Quetta Shura in exile to organize and direct the insurgency and retake Afghanistan which was achieved in August 2021 . Opposed communist government in Laos, sought to institute a constitutional monarchy until its self-proclaimed prime minister died; based in Gresham, Oregon . Many countries established

6460-737: Was occupied by Germany , but Belgium and its allies held on to a small slice in the country's west . A government in exile, in contrast, has lost all its territory. However, in practice the difference might be minor; in the above example, the Belgian government at Sainte-Adresse was located in French territory and acted as a government in exile for most practical purposes. Governments-in-exile and associated organisations employ strategies such as investigative reporting and diaspora mobilisation to sustain political visibility, engage supporters, and address ethical and operational challenges The governments in exile tend to occur during wartime occupation or in

6545-752: Was dissolved, placing Denmark under full German occupation. Meanwhile, Iceland , Greenland and the Faroe Islands were occupied by the Allies and effectively separated from the Danish crown. (See British occupation of the Faroe Islands , Iceland during World War II , and History of Greenland during World War II .) The Philippine Commonwealth (invaded 9 December 1941) established a government in exile , initially located in Australia and later in

6630-592: Was first attested in a document from in 1077 and was part of the principality of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen from 1576 until 1850, after which it became the Prussian Province of Hohenzollern . In the 11th century, in the end of the Early Middle Ages , the first castle was built on the rock that protected the valley. The first written reference dates from 1077, when King Rudolf of Rheinfelden tried in vain to conquer Sigmaringen Castle . The city

6715-554: Was granted the fief of Sigmaringen from Emperor Charles V . Count Christoph married, after his first marriage to Eleonore Gonzaga remained childless, Johanna von Bröseln, widow of the Count Eitel Friedrich III. von Hohenzollern in 1526. All of his children died, except for his daughter Anna, who married Friedrichs II. von Fürstenberg. According to the Zimmern Chronicle in 1530, as Count Felix I

6800-508: Was in the bath house with Leonora Werdenberg (the illegitimate daughter of Hugo IX and the mistress of Felix and Christoph von Werdenberg ) the bath house fire was allowed to spread, leading to a fire that expanded throughout the outbuildings around the castle. In 1534, following the death of the last male member of the Werdenberger family, Count Friedrich von Fürstenberg demanded the Werdenberger lands. However, King Ferdinand I granted

6885-643: Was married to Richinza von Spitzenberg, daughter of Berthold I. von Zähringen . At the end of the 11th century he built a castle on the Spitzenberg at Kuchen , Germany. The castle and the surrounding land and villages were part of the inheritance of Richinza. From their marriage Richinza and Ludwig had four children; Mathilde von Spitzenberg, the wife of Aribo von Wertingen , the clergyman Ulrich von Sigmaringen, Ludwig II von Sigmaringen-Spitzenberg and Manegold von Sigmaringen-Spitzenberg. The three brothers, Ulrich, Ludwig and Mangold von Sigmaringen are named as

6970-581: Was officially founded in 1250. In 1325, it was sold to Ulrich III, Count of Württemberg . In 1460 and 1500, the castle was rebuilt into a chateau. About the county of Werdenberg Sigmaringen came in 1535 to be owned by the high noble family of the Hohenzollern . In 1632, the Swedes occupied the castle during the Thirty Years' War . From 1806 to 1849, Sigmaringen was the capital of the sovereign Principality Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen and residence of

7055-429: Was prince of the Houses of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen and Hohenzollern from 1905 until 1927. In 1901, the pointed spire on the keep was destroyed. It was replaced with an octagonal pointed neo-gothic tower made from tuff stone. Leopold's son Friedrich (1891–1965) was the prince of the house from 1927 until 1965. He opened the carriage house in the lower story of the museum as an early history museum. Following

7140-493: Was renamed the Fürst-Carl-Landesspital (Prince Carl Regional Hospital). In 1869 Karl Anton, following the death of Konstantin the last prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen, annexed the lands of Hohenzollern-Hechingen and became the prince of Hohenzollern. Karl Anton built the castle into a meeting point for the nobility of Europe. Portions of the castle were rebuilt and decorated to make Schloss Sigmaringen into

7225-604: Was the princely castle and seat of government for the Princes of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen . Situated in the Swabian Alb region of Baden-Württemberg , Germany, this castle dominates the skyline of the town of Sigmaringen . The castle was rebuilt following a fire in 1893, and only the towers of the earlier medieval fortress remain. Schloss Sigmaringen was a family estate of the Swabian Hohenzollern family,

#135864