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120-514: Martin Scorsese described the work as "A surprising picture and a very moving one as well", while Barry Jenkins in 2019 named it as the best film of the 21st century. It was awarded the Jury Prize at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival . In 2017, the film was named the twenty-third "Best Film of the 21st Century So Far" by The New York Times . Silent Light begins with a long tracking shot of

240-551: A Best Director Award at Cannes, Scorsese made an esthetic shift back to a pared-down, almost "underground" film-making style. Filmed on an extremely low budget, on location, and at night in the SoHo neighborhood of Manhattan, the film is a black comedy about one increasingly misfortunate night for a mild New York word processor ( Griffin Dunne ) and features cameos by such disparate actors as Teri Garr and Cheech & Chong . Along with

360-559: A priest , attending a preparatory seminary , but failed after the first year and was unable to attend Fordham University . This gave way to cinema and consequently Scorsese enrolled in NYU's Washington Square College (now known as the College of Arts and Science ), where he earned a B.A. in English in 1964. He went on to earn his MA from New York University 's School of Education (now

480-689: A Documentary/Nonfiction Program , losing to Baghdad ER . Scorsese returned to the crime genre with the Boston-set thriller The Departed , based on the Hong Kong police drama Infernal Affairs (which is co-directed by Andrew Lau and Alan Mak ). The film continued Scorsese's collaboration with Leonardo DiCaprio and was the first time he worked with Matt Damon , Jack Nicholson , Mark Wahlberg , and Martin Sheen . The Departed opened to widespread critical acclaim, with some proclaiming it as one of

600-445: A Mennonite teenager named Irma, whose isolated existence is transformed when she is hired by a bohemian film crew that comes to her settlement to make a film about Mennonites. Toews was inspired by her own experience on the set of Silent Light , in which she plays the role of Esther, Johan's wife. The "film-within-the-novel" is recognizably Silent Light. According to critic Catherine E. Wall, Toews' novel provides additional insight into

720-400: A band onstage... It's not Casablanca , but it's a great thing to have from our point of view, not being egotistical. It's a document." In 2009, Scorsese signed a petition in support of director Roman Polanski , who had been detained while traveling to a film festival in relation to his 1977 sexual abuse charges , which the petition argued would undermine the tradition of film festivals as

840-505: A brief cameo appearance in the film Anna Pavlova (also known as A Woman for All Time ), originally intended to be directed by one of his heroes, Michael Powell . This led to a more significant acting appearance in Bertrand Tavernier 's jazz film Round Midnight . He also made a brief venture into television, directing an episode of Steven Spielberg 's Amazing Stories . With After Hours (1985), for which he won

960-597: A first-time director, Kevin Costner ( Dances with Wolves ). Joe Pesci earned the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance. Scorsese and the film also won many other awards, including five BAFTA Awards, a Silver Lion and more. The American Film Institute placed Goodfellas at No. 94 on the AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Movies list. On the 2007 updated version, they moved Goodfellas up to No. 92 on

1080-425: A focus on a large farm family, a protagonist questioning the strict piety of his minister father, the death of the protagonist's wife in seeming relation to her husband's transgression and, most saliently, the wife's apparent resurrection from the dead as brought about by a kiss. It is not a strict remake of Ordet, however, as there are numerous and substantive differences in plot. Also, Reygadas' film does not include

1200-473: A lesser film than its predecessors, it is a fitting close to Dreyer's career as it deals with a woman who, through the tribulations of her life, never expresses regret for her choices. David Thomson says it "awaits rediscovery as Dreyer's finest film and vindication of his method." Thomson quotes Dreyer: What interests me—and this comes before technique—is reproducing the feelings of the characters in my films...The important thing...is not only to catch hold of

1320-409: A low-budget independent film into a media sensation. Most of the controversy centered on the final passages of the film, which depicted Christ marrying and raising a family with Mary Magdalene in a Satan -induced hallucination while on the cross. In 1986, Scorsese directed the 18-minute short film Bad featuring Michael Jackson and Wesley Snipes (in his film debut). The short also serves as

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1440-491: A major return to personal filmmaking with the project; Universal Pictures agreed to finance the film as Scorsese agreed to make a more mainstream film for the studio in the future (it eventually resulted in Cape Fear ). Even prior to its 1988 release, the film (adapted by Taxi Driver and Raging Bull veteran Paul Schrader) caused a massive furor, with worldwide protests against its perceived blasphemy effectively turning

1560-600: A music video and was shot in the Hoyt–Schermerhorn Streets station in Brooklyn over a 6-week period during November and December 1986. The short film's cinematographer was frequent Scorsese collaborator Michael Chapman . The dancing and filmmaking was heavily influenced by the 1961 film West Side Story . Scorsese also noted the influence of his own film Taxi Driver (1976) in Spike Lee 's documentary about

1680-574: A pitch-black comic take on their own earlier Taxi Driver . Like earlier Scorsese-Schrader collaborations, its final scenes of spiritual redemption explicitly recall the films of Robert Bresson. (It is also worth noting that the film's incident-filled nocturnal setting is reminiscent of After Hours .) It received generally positive reviews, although not the universal critical acclaim of some of his other films. It stars Nicolas Cage , Ving Rhames , John Goodman , Tom Sizemore , and Patricia Arquette . On various occasions Scorsese has been asked to present

1800-472: A place for works to be shown "freely and safely", and that arresting filmmakers traveling to neutral countries could open the door "for actions of which no-one can know the effects." On October 22, 2007, Daily Variety reported that Scorsese would reunite with Leonardo DiCaprio on a fourth picture, Shutter Island . Principal photography on the Laeta Kalogridis screenplay, based on the novel of

1920-693: A release in the winter of 2001 (to qualify for Academy Award nominations), Scorsese delayed the final production of the film until after the beginning of 2002; the studio consequently delayed the film until its release in the Oscar season of late 2002. Gangs of New York earned Scorsese his first Golden Globe for Best Director. In February 2003, Gangs of New York received 10 Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Actor for Daniel Day-Lewis; however, it did not win in any category. The following year, Scorsese completed production of The Blues , an expansive seven-part documentary tracing

2040-511: A second Golden Globe for Best Director, as well as a Critics' Choice Award, his first Directors Guild of America Award, and the Academy Award for Best Director. Presented with the latter, Scorsese poked fun at his track record of nominations, asking, "Could you double-check the envelope?" The award was presented by his longtime friends and colleagues Francis Ford Coppola , George Lucas and Steven Spielberg . The Departed also received

2160-439: A sequel to Bloody Mama . The came to become Boxcar Bertha . Corman also helped directors such as Francis Ford Coppola, James Cameron , and John Sayles launch their careers. It was Corman who taught Scorsese that entertaining films could be shot with very little money or time, preparing the young director well for the challenges to come with Mean Streets . Following the film's release, Cassavetes encouraged Scorsese to make

2280-471: A soundtrack with contemporary music. Although the film was innovative, its wired atmosphere, edgy documentary style, and gritty street-level direction owed a debt to directors Cassavetes, Samuel Fuller and early Jean-Luc Godard . In 1974, actress Ellen Burstyn chose Scorsese to direct her in Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore , for which she won an Academy Award for Best Actress. Although well regarded,

2400-413: A static camera and long takes. Here the expressionism of his previous work gave way to moments of almost total surrealism . It still bore many of Scorsese's trademarks, however. The King of Comedy failed at the box office, but has become increasingly well regarded by critics in the years since its release. German director Wim Wenders numbered it among his 15 favorite films. Also, in 1983, Scorsese made

2520-637: A store that had one copy of the reel. He was one of only two people who regularly rented it; the other, George A. Romero , would also become a film director. Scorsese has named Sabu and Victor Mature as his favorite actors during his youth. He has also spoken of the influence of the 1947–48 Powell and Pressburger films Black Narcissus and The Red Shoes , whose innovative techniques later impacted his filmmaking. In his documentary titled A Personal Journey with Martin Scorsese Through American Movies , Scorsese said that he

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2640-461: A surreal meditation on fear. Logic gave way to mood and atmosphere in this story of a man protecting two sisters from a vampire . Both films were box office failures, and Dreyer did not make another movie until World War II. By 1943, Denmark was under Nazi occupation , and Dreyer's film Day of Wrath had as its theme the paranoia surrounding witch hunts in the seventeenth century in a strongly theocratic culture. With this work, Dreyer established

2760-477: A tear on her cheek. Esther appears to return to life as Johan's father sets the clock on a nearby wall. Johan breaks down again, before one of his daughters says that "Mum wants to see him." Marianne leaves silently as Johan prepares to enter the room in which Esther waits. The final few minutes of Silent Light are another tracking shot, with the sun setting. Carlos Reygadas' films are known for their long sequences, slow rhythm, and use of nonprofessional actors. All

2880-521: Is a 3D adventure drama film based on Brian Selznick 's novel The Invention of Hugo Cabret . The film stars Asa Butterfield , Chloë Grace Moretz , Ben Kingsley, Sacha Baron Cohen , Ray Winstone , Emily Mortimer , Christopher Lee , and Jude Law . The film has been met with critical acclaim and earned Scorsese his third Golden Globe Award for Best Director. The film was also nominated for 11 Academy Awards, winning five of them and becoming tied with Michel Hazanavicius 's film The Artist for

3000-482: Is a documentary film by Scorsese that tells of the life of Bob Dylan, and his impact on American popular music and the culture of the 20th century. The film does not cover Dylan's entire career; it focuses on his beginnings, his rise to fame in the 1960s, his then- controversial transformation from an acoustic guitar-based musician and performer to an electric guitar-influenced sound and his "retirement" from touring in 1966 following an infamous motorcycle accident. The film

3120-678: Is an American filmmaker. He emerged as one of the major figures of the New Hollywood era. He has received many accolades , including an Academy Award , four BAFTA Awards , three Emmy Awards , a Grammy Award , and three Golden Globe Awards . He has been honored with the AFI Life Achievement Award in 1997, the Film Society of Lincoln Center tribute in 1998, the Kennedy Center Honor in 2007,

3240-567: Is an indictment of America's involvement in Vietnam , suggested by its alternative title Viet '67 . Scorsese has mentioned on several occasions that he was greatly inspired in his early days at New York University by film professor Haig P. Manoogian . Scorsese's first professional job was when he was at NYU he was the assistant cameraman to cinematographer Baird Bryant on the John G. Avildsen directed short film Smiles (1964). Scorsese stated, "It

3360-446: Is provided for the change of season. Johan's affair with Marianne continues; they have sex in a local hotel while Johan's children wait in a van with a stranger - someone whom Marianne seems to know and trust. As Johan is driving in his car with Esther, she confronts him about the affair. She says she is going to vomit and forces him to stop the car. She runs off taking a blue umbrella, telling him not to follow. She breaks down crying along

3480-402: Is where Scorsese's style reached its zenith: Taxi Driver and New York, New York had used elements of expressionism to replicate psychological points of view, but here the style was taken to new extremes, employing extensive slow-motion, complex tracking shots, and extravagant distortion of perspective (for example, the size of boxing rings would change from fight to fight). Thematically too,

3600-450: The Palme d'Or at the 1976 Cannes Film Festival, also receiving four Oscar nominations, including Best Picture . The critical and financial success of Taxi Driver encouraged Scorsese to move ahead with his first big-budget project: the highly stylized musical New York, New York . This tribute to Scorsese's home town and the classic Hollywood musical was a box-office failure. The film

3720-430: The 77th Academy Awards nominations, nominated in 11 categories including Best Picture. The film also garnered nominations in nearly all the other major categories, including a fifth Best Director nomination for Scorsese. Despite having the most nominations, the film won only five Oscars. Scorsese lost again, this time to director Clint Eastwood for Million Dollar Baby (which also won Best Picture). No Direction Home

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3840-691: The Cecil B. DeMille Award in 2010, and the BAFTA Fellowship in 2012. Four of his films have been inducted into the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as "culturally, historically or aesthetically significant". Scorsese received a Master of Arts degree from New York University 's Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development in 1968. His directorial debut, Who's That Knocking at My Door (1967),

3960-747: The HBO series Boardwalk Empire (2010–2014), and Vinyl (2016), as well as the HBO documentary Public Speaking (2010), and the Netflix docu-series Pretend It's a City (2021). He is also known for several rock music documentaries including The Last Waltz (1978), No Direction Home (2005), Shine a Light (2008), and George Harrison: Living in the Material World (2011). An advocate for film preservation and restoration , he founded three nonprofit organizations: The Film Foundation in 1990,

4080-538: The Honorary Academy Award during the Oscar telecast. In 1998, at the 70th Academy Awards , Scorsese presented the award to film legend Stanley Donen . When accepting the award Donen quipped, "Marty this is backwards, I should be giving this to you, believe me". In 1999, at the 71st Academy Awards , Scorsese and De Niro presented the award to film director Elia Kazan . This was a controversial pick for

4200-606: The Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development ) in 1968, a year after the school was founded. While attending the Tisch School of the Arts, Scorsese made the short films What's a Nice Girl like You Doing in a Place like This? (1963) and It's Not Just You, Murray! (1964). His most famous short of the period is the darkly comic The Big Shave (1967), which features Peter Bernuth. The film

4320-821: The World Cinema Foundation in 2007, and the African Film Heritage Project in 2017. Martin Charles Scorsese was born in the Flushing neighborhood of New York City's Queens borough on November 17, 1942. He grew up in the Little Italy neighborhood of the city's Manhattan borough. Both of his parents, Catherine Scorsese (née Cappa) and Charles Scorsese , worked in the Garment District . Charles

4440-424: The 1987 Michael Jackson music video " Bad ", in 1986 Scorsese made The Color of Money , a sequel to the much admired Robert Rossen film The Hustler (1961) with Paul Newman , which co-starred Tom Cruise . Although adhering to Scorsese's established style, The Color of Money was the director's first official foray into mainstream film-making. The film finally won actor Paul Newman an Oscar and gave Scorsese

4560-542: The 2011 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing), Scorsese also served as an executive producer on the series. The series premiered on September 19, 2010, and ran for five seasons. Scorsese directed the three-and-a-half-hour documentary George Harrison: Living in the Material World about the life and music of former Beatles ' member George Harrison , which premiered in the United States on HBO over two parts on October 5 and 6, 2011. His next film Hugo

4680-555: The 25th anniversary of the short titled, Bad 25 (2012). The short has been praised by critics as one of the most iconic and greatest videos of all time; Jackson's outfit has been cited as an influence on fashion. That year, he had signed a deal with upstart major The Walt Disney Studios to produce and direct features, following the success of The Color of Money . Looking past the controversy, The Last Temptation of Christ gained critical acclaim and remains an important work in Scorsese's canon: an explicit attempt to wrestle with

4800-505: The AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Movies list (10th Anniversary Edition) and put Goodfellas at No. 2 on their list of the top 10 gangster films (after The Godfather ). In 1990, he released his only short-form documentary: Made in Milan about fashion designer Giorgio Armani . The following year brought Cape Fear , a remake of a cult 1962 movie of the same name and the director's seventh collaboration with De Niro. Another foray into

4920-496: The Academy Award for the Best Motion Picture of 2006, Best Adapted Screenplay, and Best Film Editing by longtime Scorsese editor Thelma Schoonmaker, her third win for a Scorsese film. Shine a Light captures rock and roll band The Rolling Stones ' performing at New York City's Beacon Theatre on October 29 and November 1, 2006, intercut with brief news and interview footage from throughout their career. The film

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5040-670: The Broadway musical The Act , starring Liza Minnelli. The disappointing reception that New York, New York received drove Scorsese into depression. By this stage Scorsese had developed a serious cocaine addiction. However, he did find the creative drive to make the highly regarded The Last Waltz , documenting the final concert by The Band . It was held at the Winterland Ballroom in San Francisco on American Thanksgiving Day, November 25, 1976, and featured one of

5160-562: The Costume Design Oscar. This was his first collaboration with the Academy Award-winning actor Daniel Day-Lewis , with whom he would work again on Gangs of New York . This was Scorsese's first film to be shot on Super 35 format. Casino (1995), like The Age of Innocence before it, focused on a tightly wound male whose well-ordered life is disrupted by the arrival of unpredictable forces. The fact that it

5280-458: The Dead . Already controversial upon its release, Taxi Driver hit the headlines again five years later, when John Hinckley Jr. made an assassination attempt on then-president Ronald Reagan . He subsequently blamed his act on his obsession with Jodie Foster's Taxi Driver character (in the film, De Niro's character, Travis Bickle, makes an assassination attempt on a senator). Taxi Driver won

5400-672: The French film industry. While living in France he met Jean Cocteau , Jean Hugo , and other members of the French artistic scene. In 1928 he made his first classic film, The Passion of Joan of Arc . Working from the transcripts of Joan of Arc's trial, he created a masterpiece of emotion that drew equally on realism and expressionism. Because the Danish film industry was in financial ruin, Dreyer depended on private financing from Baron Nicolas de Gunzburg to make his next film, Vampyr (1932),

5520-787: The Sicilian episode of Roberto Rossellini 's Paisà , which he first saw on television with his relatives who were themselves Sicilian immigrants, had a significant impact on his life. He acknowledges owing a great debt to the French New Wave and has stated that "the French New Wave has influenced all filmmakers who have worked since, whether they saw the films or not." He has also cited the works of Satyajit Ray , Ingmar Bergman , Andrzej Wajda , Michelangelo Antonioni , Federico Fellini , Ishirō Honda , and Eiji Tsuburaya as major influences on his career. Although there

5640-462: The United States, the Time magazine reviewer wrote, "All the scenes shine with a visual and emotional brilliance". Manohla Dargis of The New York Times called the film "an apparently simple story about forgiving" in which "the images are of extraordinary beauty", and said that "The characters seem to be illuminated from the inside." The magazine Sight & Sound rated it number 6 on their list of

5760-602: The academy due to Kazan's involvement with the Hollywood blacklist in the 1950s. Several members of the audience including Nick Nolte and Ed Harris refused to applaud Kazan when he received the award while others such as Warren Beatty , Meryl Streep , Kathy Bates , and Kurt Russell gave him a standing ovation. In 1999, Scorsese directed a documentary on Italian filmmakers titled Il Mio Viaggio in Italia , also known as My Voyage to Italy . The documentary foreshadowed

5880-412: The affair. Johan leaves work to meet Marianne in a field, and they begin to kiss. In the next scene, Johan's children are bathing and playing along a riverbank while he and his wife watch. They call one of their children over to bathe her, and as they are doing so, Esther begins to cry. Johan tells his father about the affair, but when they step outside to discuss it, the scene shows winter. No explanation

6000-625: The angry and alienated Travis Bickle , and co-starred Jodie Foster in a highly controversial role as an underage prostitute, with Harvey Keitel as her pimp. Taxi Driver also marked the start of a series of collaborations between Scorsese and writer Paul Schrader , whose influences included the diary of would-be assassin Arthur Bremer and Pickpocket , a film by the French director Robert Bresson . Writer–director Schrader often returns to Bresson's work in films such as American Gigolo , Light Sleeper , and Scorsese's later Bringing Out

6120-421: The best efforts Scorsese had brought to the screen since 1990's Goodfellas , and still others putting it at the same level as Scorsese's most celebrated classics Taxi Driver and Raging Bull . With domestic box office receipts surpassing US$ 129.4   million, The Departed was Scorsese's highest-grossing film (not accounting for inflation) until 2010's Shutter Island . The Departed earned Scorsese

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6240-541: The book was to him rather than the traditional academic adaptations of literary works. To this end, Scorsese sought influence from diverse period films that had had an emotional impact on him. In Scorsese on Scorsese , he documents influences from films such as Luchino Visconti 's Senso and his Il Gattopardo ( The Leopard ) as well as Orson Welles 's The Magnificent Ambersons and also Roberto Rossellini's La prise de pouvoir par Louis XIV ( The Taking of Power by Louis XIV ). Although The Age of Innocence

6360-609: The book while they were filming Boxcar Bertha . The film was slated to shoot under the Paramount Pictures banner, but shortly before principal photography was to start, Paramount pulled the plug on the project, citing pressure from religious groups. In this aborted 1983 version, Aidan Quinn was cast as Jesus, and Sting was cast as Pontius Pilate . (In the 1988 version, these roles were played by Willem Dafoe and David Bowie respectively.) However, following his mid-1980s flirtation with commercial Hollywood, Scorsese made

6480-514: The character of a prophetic son. The film was nominated in nine categories, including all major ones, for the Ariel Awards in Mexico. The film appeared on several critics' top ten lists of the best films of 2008. Some of the "making of" Silent Light appears in fictionalized form in the 2012 novel, Irma Voth , written by award-winning Canadian author, Miriam Toews . The novel is about

6600-399: The clout to finally secure backing for a project that had been a longtime goal for him: The Last Temptation of Christ . In 1983, Scorsese began work on this long-cherished personal project. The Last Temptation of Christ , based on the 1955 novel written by Nikos Kazantzakis , retold the life of Christ in human rather than divine terms. Barbara Hershey recalls introducing Scorsese to

6720-621: The cocky gun salesman who appeared in Taxi Driver . A period of wild partying followed, damaging the director's already fragile health. Scorsese helped provide footage for the documentary Elvis on Tour . By several accounts (Scorsese's included), Robert De Niro saved Scorsese's life when he persuaded him to kick his cocaine addiction to make his highly regarded film Raging Bull . Writing for The New Yorker in March 2000, Mark Singer summarized Scorsese's condition stating: He (Scorsese)

6840-419: The company. Scorsese also produced several documentaries, such as The Soul of a Man (directed by Wim Wenders) and Lightning in a Bottle (directed by Antoine Fuqua ). Scorsese's film The Aviator (2004) is a lavish, large-scale biopic of eccentric aviation pioneer and film mogul Howard Hughes and reunited Scorsese with actor Leonardo DiCaprio. The film received highly positive reviews. The film

6960-503: The concerns carried on from Mean Streets and Taxi Driver : insecure males, violence, guilt, and redemption. Although the screenplay for Raging Bull was credited to Paul Schrader and Mardik Martin (who earlier co-wrote Mean Streets ), the finished script differed extensively from Schrader's original draft. It was rewritten several times by various writers including Jay Cocks (who went on to co-script later Scorsese films The Age of Innocence and Gangs of New York ). The final draft

7080-496: The director as iconoclast. In the preface to this documentary, Scorsese states his commitment to the "Director's Dilemma", in which a successful contemporary director must be pragmatic about the realities of getting financing for films of personal esthetic interest by accepting the need of "making one film for the studio, and (then) making one for oneself." If The Age of Innocence alienated and confused some fans, then Kundun (1997) went several steps further, offering an account of

7200-406: The director's next project, the epic Gangs of New York (2002), influenced by (amongst many others) major Italian directors such as Luchino Visconti and filmed in its entirety at Rome's famous Cinecittà film studios. With a production budget said to be in excess of $ 100 million, Gangs of New York was Scorsese's biggest and arguably most mainstream venture to date. Like The Age of Innocence , it

7320-602: The dynamics of conflict and cooperation between the Spanish-Mexican film crew and the ultra- conservative Mennonites of the Cuauhtémoc Settlement where filming took place. Martin Scorsese This is an accepted version of this page Martin Charles Scorsese ( / s k ɔːr ˈ s ɛ s i / skor- SESS -ee , Italian: [skorˈseːze, -se] ; born November 17, 1942)

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7440-583: The early life of Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama , the People's Liberation Army 's entry into Tibet , and the Dalai Lama's subsequent exile to India. Not only a departure in subject matter, Kundun saw Scorsese employing a fresh narrative and visual approach. Traditional dramatic devices were substituted for a trance-like meditation achieved through an elaborate tableau of colorful visual images. The film

7560-409: The film a mixed review, while praising Scorsese's short as "really successful". After a decade of films considered by critics to be mixed results, some considered Scorsese's gangster epic Goodfellas (1990) his return to directorial form, and his most confident and fully realized film since Raging Bull . De Niro and Joe Pesci offered a virtuoso display of Scorsese's bravura cinematic technique in

7680-539: The film and re-established, enhanced, and consolidated his reputation. After the film was released, Roger Ebert , a friend and supporter of Scorsese, named Goodfellas "the best mob movie ever". It is ranked No. 1 on Ebert's movie list for 1990, along with those of Gene Siskel and Peter Travers ', and is widely considered one of the director's greatest achievements. The film was nominated for six Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Director, and Scorsese earned his third Best Director nomination but again lost to

7800-405: The film holds an approval rating of 88% based on 26 reviews, with an average rating of 8.1/10. The website's consensus reads, " Silent Light demands patience -- and rewards willing viewers with a compassionate and beautifully filmed look at the human condition." On Metacritic , the film has a weighted average score of 79 out of 100, based on 14 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". In

7920-469: The film is regarded positively by some critics. Richard Brody in The New Yorker wrote: For Scorsese, a lifelong cinephile, the essence of New York could be found in its depiction in classic Hollywood movies. Remarkably, his backward-looking tribute to the golden age of musicals and noirish romantic melodramas turned out to be one of his most freewheeling and personal films. In 1977, he directed

8040-674: The film remains an anomaly in the director's early career as it focuses on a central female character. Returning to Little Italy to explore his ethnic roots, Scorsese next came up with Italianamerican , a documentary featuring his parents Charles and Catherine Scorsese. Scorsese followed with Taxi Driver in 1976, which depicted a Vietnam veteran who takes the law into his own hands on New York's crime-ridden streets. The film established him as an accomplished filmmaker and also brought attention to cinematographer Michael Chapman , whose style tends towards high contrasts, strong colors, and complex camera movements. The film starred Robert De Niro as

8160-503: The film, writing, "'I Call First' brings these two kinds of films together into a work that is absolutely genuine, artistically satisfying and technically comparable to the best films being made anywhere. I have no reservations in describing it as a great moment in American movies." Scorsese became friends with the influential "movie brats" of the 1970s: Brian De Palma , Francis Ford Coppola , George Lucas , and Steven Spielberg . It

8280-481: The films that he wanted to make, rather than someone else's projects. Championed by influential film critic Pauline Kael , Mean Streets was a breakthrough for Scorsese, De Niro, and Keitel. By now the signature Scorsese style was in place: macho posturing, bloody violence, Catholic guilt and redemption, gritty New York locale (though the majority of Mean Streets was shot in Los Angeles), rapid-fire editing and

8400-503: The first time Scorsese used wide-screen Panavision with an aspect ratio of 2.39:1. In 1990, Scorsese acted in a small role as Vincent van Gogh in the film Dreams by Japanese director Akira Kurosawa . Scorsese's 1994 cameo appearance in the Robert Redford film Quiz Show is remembered for the telling line: "You see, the audience didn't tune in to watch some amazing display of intellectual ability. They just wanted to watch

8520-734: The following decades, he garnered box office success with a series of collaborations with Leonardo DiCaprio , including the films Gangs of New York (2002), The Aviator (2004), The Departed (2006), Shutter Island (2010), and The Wolf of Wall Street (2013). He worked with both De Niro and DiCaprio on Killers of the Flower Moon (2023). Scorsese's other films include After Hours (1985), The Color of Money (1986), The Last Temptation of Christ (1988), The Age of Innocence (1993), Kundun (1997), Hugo (2011), and Silence (2016). In addition to film, Scorsese has directed episodes for some television series including

8640-558: The foreign film ( Con gli occhi chiusi ( With Closed Eyes )). The Age of Innocence (1993) was a significant departure for Scorsese, a period adaptation of the Edith Wharton novel about the constrictive high society of late-19th century New York. It was highly lauded by critics upon its original release but was a box office bomb , making an overall loss. As noted in Scorsese on Scorsese by editor–interviewer Ian Christie,

8760-502: The four-hour documentary, Scorsese lists the four aspects of the director he believes are the most important as (1) the director as storyteller; (2) the director as an illusionist: D. W. Griffith or F. W. Murnau, who created new editing techniques among other innovations that made the appearance of sound and color possible later on; (3) the director as a smuggler—filmmakers such as Douglas Sirk , Samuel Fuller, and Vincente Minnelli , who used to hide subversive messages in their films; and (4)

8880-488: The great films ever made, and in 2012's poll , it was voted the ninth-best film by film critics and 37th by film directors. His other well-known films include Michael (1924), Vampyr (1932), Day of Wrath (1943), Ordet ( The Word ) (1955), and Gertrud (1964). Dreyer was born illegitimate in Copenhagen, Denmark. His birth mother was an unmarried, Scanian maid named Josefine Bernhardine Nilsson, and he

9000-733: The history of blues music from its African roots to the Mississippi Delta and beyond. Seven film-makers including Wim Wenders, Clint Eastwood , Mike Figgis , and Scorsese himself each contributed a 90-minute film (Scorsese's entry was titled Feel Like Going Home ). In the early 2000s, Scorsese produced several films for up-and-coming directors, such as You Can Count on Me (directed by Kenneth Lonergan ), Rain (directed by Katherine Lindberg), Lymelife (directed by Derick Martini ) and The Young Victoria (directed by Jean-Marc Vallée ). At that time, he established Sikelia Productions . In 2003, producer Emma Tillinger Koskoff joined

9120-418: The long term, however, it appears Kundun has been sidelined in most critical appraisals of the director, mostly noted as a stylistic and thematic detour. Kundun was the Scorsese's second attempt to profile the life of a great religious leader, following The Last Temptation of Christ . Bringing Out the Dead (1999) was a return to familiar territory, with the director and writer Paul Schrader constructing

9240-662: The mainstream, the film was a stylized thriller taking its cues heavily from Alfred Hitchcock and Charles Laughton 's The Night of the Hunter (1955). Cape Fear received a mixed critical reception and was lambasted in many quarters for its scenes depicting misogynistic violence. However, the lurid subject matter gave Scorsese a chance to experiment with visual tricks and effects. The film garnered two Oscar nominations. Earning $ 80 million domestically, it stood as Scorsese's most commercially successful release until The Aviator (2004), and then The Departed (2006). The film also marked

9360-506: The money." In 1994, Scorsese and producer Barbara De Fina formed the production company De Fina-Cappa. In the early 1990s, Scorsese also expanded his role as a film producer. He produced a wide range of films, including major Hollywood studio productions ( Mad Dog and Glory , Clockers ), low-budget independent films ( The Grifters , Naked in New York , Grace of My Heart , Search and Destroy , The Hi-Lo Country ), and even

9480-415: The most Academy Awards won by a single film in 2011. Hugo also won two BAFTA awards, among numerous other awards and nominations . Hugo was Scorsese's first 3D film and was released in the United States on November 23, 2011. Carl Theodor Dreyer Carl Theodor Dreyer ( Danish: [ˈkʰɑˀl ˈtsʰe̝ːotɒ ˈtʁɑjˀɐ] ; 3 February 1889 – 20 March 1968), commonly known as Carl Th. Dreyer ,

9600-457: The most extensive lineups of prominent guest performers at a single concert, including Bob Dylan , Neil Young , Ringo Starr , Muddy Waters , Joni Mitchell , Van Morrison , Paul Butterfield , Neil Diamond , Ronnie Wood , and Eric Clapton . However, Scorsese's commitments to other projects delayed the release of the film until 1978. Another Scorsese-directed documentary, titled American Boy , also appeared in 1978, focusing on Steven Prince,

9720-429: The news that Scorsese wanted to make a film about a failed 19th-century romance raised many eyebrows among the film fraternity; all the more when Scorsese made it clear that it was a personal project and not a studio for-hire job. Scorsese was interested in doing a "romantic piece", and he was strongly drawn to the characters and the story of Wharton's text. Scorsese wanted his film to be as rich an emotional experience as

9840-607: The performers in Silent Light are Mennonites from communities in Mexico, Germany and Canada . Among the performers is Miriam Toews , a Canadian author who grew up in the Mennonite community of Steinbach, Manitoba and has written novels related to this culture. The film was an international co-production by companies from Mexico, France and the Netherlands . On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes ,

9960-425: The reviews for the film they tallied were positive and summarizing the critics writing, "Though flawed, the sprawling, messy Gangs of New York is redeemed by impressive production design and Day-Lewis's electrifying performance." The film's central themes are consistent with the director's established concerns: New York, violence as culturally endemic, and subcultural divisions down ethnic lines. Originally filmed for

10080-497: The same name by Dennis Lehane , began in Massachusetts in March 2008. In December 2007, actors Mark Ruffalo , Max von Sydow , Ben Kingsley , and Michelle Williams joined the cast, marking the first time these actors had worked with Scorsese. The film was released on February 19, 2010. On May 20, 2010, Shutter Island became Scorsese's highest-grossing film. In 2010, The Wall Street Journal reported that Scorsese

10200-411: The side of a field, has what the doctor later describes as "coronary trauma," and dies. At her wake, friends and family are there to provide comfort. Johan visits the body, says his goodbyes, and goes outside for air. Marianne suddenly shows up at the wake and asks if she can spend a moment with Esther's body, which Johan allows. Marianne enters the room, slowly kisses Esther's body on the lips, and drops

10320-483: The small advances." Dreyer died of pneumonia in Copenhagen at age 79. The documentary Carl Th. Dreyer: My Metier contains reminiscences from people who knew him. As a young man, Dreyer worked as a journalist, and he eventually joined the film industry as a writer of title cards for silent films and subsequently of screenplays. He was initially hired by Nordisk Film in 1913. His first attempts at film direction had limited success, and he left Denmark to work in

10440-507: The spirituality underpinning his films up until that point. The director went on to receive his second nomination for a Best Director Academy Award (again unsuccessfully, this time losing to Barry Levinson for Rain Man ). As a separate film project, and along with directors Woody Allen and Francis Ford Coppola in 1989, Scorsese provided one of three segments in the portmanteau film New York Stories , called "Life Lessons". Roger Ebert 's gave

10560-430: The style that would mark his sound films: careful compositions, stark monochrome cinematography, and very long takes . Dreyer made two documentaries in the more than a decade before his next full-length feature film, in 1955, Ordet ( The Word ), based on the play of the same name by Kaj Munk . The film combines a love story with a conflict of faith. Dreyer's last film was 1964's Gertrud . Although seen by some as

10680-446: The sun rising over a beautiful plain. The protagonist Johan, his wife Esther, and their children sit silently saying grace, after which each member of Johan's family departs from their home except for him. Once he is alone, he stops the clock on the wall and breaks down crying. Johan goes to work and discusses with a colleague that he is having an affair with a single woman by the name of Marianne; he makes it clear that his wife knows about

10800-509: The themes of many of his films. Dreyer was ideologically conservative. David Bordwell stated "As a youth he belonged to the Social Liberal party, a conservative group radical only in their opposition to military expenditures." Dreyer recalled "Even when I was with Ekstrabladet , I was conservative...I don't believe in revolutions. They have, as a rule, the tedious quality of pulling development back. I believe more in evolution, in

10920-575: The top films of 2007. Roger Ebert ranked the film one of the top ten independent films of 2009 as well as one of the best films of the 2000s. The reviewer of Le Monde wrote that "Reygadas's genius makes every moment sacred." Film Comment remarked on Silent Light' s similarities to the film Ordet (1955) by Danish filmmaker Carl Theodor Dreyer . Among other elements, it features pastoral farm scenes, ticking clocks, slow pacing, silence, similarly named central characters (Johan and Johannes in Ordet ),

11040-833: The violent biopic of middleweight boxing champion Jake LaMotta , calling it a kamikaze method of film-making. The film is widely viewed as a masterpiece and was voted the greatest film of the 1980s by Britain's Sight & Sound magazine. It received eight Oscar nominations, including Best Picture, Best Actor for Robert De Niro, Best Supporting Actress for Cathy Moriarty , Best Supporting Actor for Joe Pesci , and Scorsese's first for Best Director . De Niro won, as did Thelma Schoonmaker for editing, but Best Director went to Robert Redford for Ordinary People . From this work onwards, Scorsese's films are always labeled as "A Martin Scorsese Picture" on promotional material. Raging Bull , filmed in high contrast black and white,

11160-401: The words they say, but also the thoughts behind the words. What I seek in my films, what I want to obtain, is a penetration to my actors' profound thoughts by means of their most subtle expressions...that lie in the depths of his soul. This what interests me above all, not the technique of the cinema. Gertrud is a film I made with all my heart. The great, never finished project of Dreyer's career

11280-444: Was De Palma who introduced Scorsese to Robert De Niro . During this period, Scorsese worked as the assistant director and one of the editors on the documentary Woodstock (1970) and met actor–director John Cassavetes , who became a close friend and mentor. Scorsese met Roger Corman after coming to Hollywood to edit Medicine Ball Caravan and Corman, who had seen and liked Who's That Knocking at My Door , asked Scorsese to make

11400-516: Was a Danish film director and screenwriter. Widely considered one of the greatest filmmakers in history, his movies are noted for emotional austerity and slow, stately pacing, frequent themes of social intolerance, the inseparability of fate and death, and the power of evil in earthly life. His 1928 movie The Passion of Joan of Arc is considered to be one of the great movies of all time , renowned for its cinematography and use of close-ups. It frequently appears on Sight & Sound ' s lists of

11520-407: Was a blueprint for his filmmaking styles. Scorsese won the Palme d'Or at Cannes with his 1976 psychological thriller Taxi Driver , which starred Robert De Niro , who became associated with Scorsese through eight more films including New York, New York (1977), Raging Bull (1980) The King of Comedy (1982), Goodfellas (1990), Casino (1995), and The Irishman (2019). In

11640-475: Was a clothes presser and actor, while Catherine was a seamstress and an actress. All four of Scorsese's grandparents were Italian immigrants from Sicily , hailing from Polizzi Generosa on his father's side and Ciminna on his mother's side. The original surname of the family was Scozzese, meaning "Scot" or "Scottish" in Italian, and was later changed to Scorsese because of a transcription error. Scorsese

11760-456: Was a source of turmoil for its distributor, Buena Vista Pictures , which was planning significant expansion into the Chinese market at the time. Initially defiant in the face of pressure from Chinese officials, Disney has since distanced itself from the project, hurting Kundun ' s commercial profile. In the short term, the sheer eclecticism in evidence enhanced the director's reputation. In

11880-447: Was a violent gangster film made it more palatable to the director's fans who perhaps were baffled by the apparent departure of the earlier film. Casino was a box office success, and it received generally positive notices from critics. Comparisons were drawn to his earlier film Goodfellas , and Scorsese admitted Casino bore a superficial resemblance to it, but he maintained that the story was significantly larger in scope. Sharon Stone

12000-413: Was a widespread box office success and gained Academy recognition. The Aviator was nominated for six Golden Globe awards , including Best Motion Picture-Drama , Best Director , Best Screenplay , and Best Actor-Motion Picture Drama for Leonardo DiCaprio. It won three, including Best Motion Picture-Drama and Best Actor-Motion Picture Drama. In January 2005 The Aviator became the most-nominated film of

12120-629: Was accepted into the Chicago Film Festival . In the 1970s and 1980s decades, Scorsese's films , much influenced by his Italian-American background and upbringing in New York City, center on macho-posturing men and explore crime, machismo, nihilism , and Catholic concepts of guilt and redemption. His trademark styles include extensive use of slow motion and freeze frames , graphic depictions of extreme violence, and liberal use of profanity . His 1973 crime film Mean Streets

12240-652: Was enamored of historical epics in his adolescence, and at least two films of the genre, Land of the Pharaohs and El Cid , appear to have had a deep and lasting impact on his cinematic psyche. Scorsese also developed an admiration for neorealist cinema at this time. He recounted its influence in a documentary on Italian neorealism , and commented on how Bicycle Thieves , Rome, Open City and especially Paisà inspired him and influenced his view or portrayal of his Sicilian roots. In his documentary, Il Mio Viaggio in Italia ( My Voyage to Italy ), Scorsese noted that

12360-702: Was first presented on television in both the United States (as part of the PBS American Masters series) and the United Kingdom (as part of the BBC Two Arena series) on September 26 to 27, 2005. A DVD version of the film was released the same month. The film won a Peabody Award and the Grammy Award for Best Long Form Music Video . In addition, Scorsese received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Directing for

12480-452: Was his fifth collaboration with Robert De Niro, The King of Comedy (1983). It is a satire on the world of media and celebrity, whose central character is a troubled loner who ironically becomes famous through a criminal act ( kidnapping ). The film was an obvious departure from the more emotionally committed films he had become associated with. Visually, it was far less kinetic than the style Scorsese had developed previously, often using

12600-406: Was initially scheduled for release on September 21, 2007, but Paramount Classics postponed its general release until April 2008. Its world premiere was at the opening of the 58th Berlinale Film Festival on February 7, 2008. "Marty did an amazing job of making us look great..." observed drummer Charlie Watts . "It's all in the edits and the cuts. That's a movie maker rather than a guy just shooting

12720-410: Was largely unhappy. He later recalled that his parents "constantly let me know that I should be grateful for the food I was given and that I strictly had no claim on anything since my mother got out of paying by lying down to die." He was a highly intelligent school student, who left home and formal education at the age of 16. He dissociated himself from his adoptive family, but their teachings influenced

12840-567: Was largely written by Scorsese and Robert De Niro. The American Film Institute chose Raging Bull as the number one American sports film on their list of the top 10 sports films . In 1997, the Institute ranked Raging Bull as the twenty-fourth greatest film of all time on their AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Movies list. In 2007, they ranked Raging Bull as the fourth greatest film of all time on their AFI's 100 Years ... 100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) list. Scorsese's next project

12960-463: Was later retitled Who's That Knocking at My Door , with his fellow students actor Harvey Keitel and editor Thelma Schoonmaker , both of whom were to become long-term collaborators. This film was intended to be the first of Scorsese's semi-autobiographical J. R. Trilogy, which would have included a later film, Mean Streets . Film critic Roger Ebert saw the film at the 1967 Chicago International Film Festival and in his review praised Scorsese and

13080-556: Was more than mildly depressed. Drug abuse, and abuse of his body in general, culminated in a terrifying episode of internal bleeding. Robert De Niro came to see him in the hospital and asked, in so many words, whether he wanted to live or die. If you want to live, De Niro proposed, let's make this picture—referring to Raging Bull , an as-told-to book by Jake LaMotta, the former world middleweight boxing champion, that De Niro had given him to read years earlier. Convinced that he would never make another movie, he poured his energies into making

13200-600: Was no habit of reading at home, towards the end of the 1950s, Scorsese began to approach literature, being marked in particular by The Heart of the Matter (1948) by Graham Greene , A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (1916) by James Joyce and Notes from Underground by Fyodor Dostoevsky . Scorsese attended the all-boys Cardinal Hayes High School in the Bronx, graduating in 1960. He had initially desired to become

13320-598: Was nominated for the Best Actress Academy Award for her performance. During the filming, Scorsese played a background part as a gambler at one of the tables. Scorsese still found time for a four-hour documentary in 1995, titled A Personal Journey with Martin Scorsese Through American Movies , offering a thorough trek through American cinema. It covered the silent era to 1969, a year after which Scorsese began his feature career. He said, "I wouldn't feel right commenting on myself or my contemporaries." In

13440-579: Was put up for adoption by his birth father, Jens Christian Torp, a married Danish farmer living in Sweden who was his mother's employer. He spent the first two years of his life in orphanages until his adoption by a typographer named Carl Theodor Dreyer and his wife Inger Marie (née Olsen). He was named after his adoptive father, but in accordance with Danish practice, there is no Senior or Junior added to their names to distinguish them from each other. His adoptive parents were emotionally distant, and his childhood

13560-424: Was raised in a predominantly Catholic environment. As a boy, he had asthma and could not play sports or take part in any activities with other children, so his parents and his older brother would often take him to movie theaters; it was at this stage in his life that he developed a passion for cinema. As a teenager in the Bronx , he frequently rented Powell and Pressburger 's The Tales of Hoffmann (1951) from

13680-440: Was really important because they were filming on 35mm". He stated he was terrible at the job because he could not judge the distance of the focus. He also worked as a gaffer for Albert and David Maysles and as an editor for CBS News , the later of whom offered him a full time position but Scorsese declined due to his pursuit in film. In 1967, Scorsese made his first feature-length film, the black and white I Call First , which

13800-458: Was released on TV in September 2010. Scorsese directed the series premiere for Boardwalk Empire , an HBO drama series, starring Steve Buscemi and Michael Pitt , based on Nelson Johnson's book Boardwalk Empire: The Birth, High Times and Corruption of Atlantic City . Terence Winter , who wrote for The Sopranos , created the series. In addition to directing the pilot (for which he won

13920-465: Was set in 19th-century New York, although focusing on the other end of the social scale (and like that film, also starring Daniel Day-Lewis). The film marked the first collaboration between Scorsese and actor Leonardo DiCaprio , who became a fixture in later Scorsese films. The production was highly troubled, with many rumors referring to the director's conflict with Miramax boss Harvey Weinstein . Despite denials of artistic compromise, some felt that it

14040-511: Was supporting the David Lynch Foundation 's initiative to help 10,000 military veterans overcome posttraumatic stress disorder through Transcendental Meditation ; Scorsese has publicly discussed his own practice of TM. Scorsese directed a television commercial for Chanel 's then-new men's fragrance, Bleu de Chanel , starring French actor Gaspard Ulliel . Filmed in New York City, it debuted online on August 25, 2010, and

14160-451: Was the director's most conventional film, featuring standard film tropes that the director had traditionally avoided, such as characters existing purely for exposition purposes and explanatory flashbacks . The final cut of the movie ran to 168 minutes, while the director's original cut was over 180 minutes long. Even so, the film received generally positive reviews with the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reporting that 75 percent of

14280-405: Was the director's third collaboration with Robert De Niro, co-starring with Liza Minnelli . The film is best remembered today for the title theme song, which was popularized by Frank Sinatra . Although possessing Scorsese's usual visual panache and stylistic bravura, many critics felt its enclosed studio-bound atmosphere left it leaden in comparison with his earlier work. Despite its weak reception,

14400-593: Was ultimately different from these films in terms of narrative, story, and thematic concern, the presence of a lost society, of lost values as well as detailed re-creations of social customs and rituals continues the tradition of these films. It came back into the public eye, especially in countries such as the UK and France, but still is largely neglected in North America. The film earned five Academy Award nominations (including Best Adapted Screenplay for Scorsese), winning

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