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63-711: The New York University Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development (commonly referred to as NYU Steinhardt ) is the education school of New York University . The school was founded as the School of Pedagogy in 1890. Prior to 2001, it was known as the NYU School of Education. Located on NYU's founding campus in Greenwich Village , the Steinhardt School offers bachelor's, master's, advanced certificate, and doctoral programs in

126-511: A balance between excellence and equity according to Carol Ann Tomlinson . It is argued that without such balance the output of the educational system will be compromised through a resource emphasis on excellence since this implies lower resources for issues grounded in social justice. In this context, the tension between the excellence and equity implies a compromise between aiming for conventional notions of excellence and creating maximum opportunities for social justice and inclusion. Some reject

189-414: A basic education and even attending universities, a dramatic divide is present and many people are still being left behind. As increased immigration causes problems in educational equity for some countries, poor social cohesion in other countries is also a major issue. In countries where continued migration causes an issue, the ever-changing social structure of different races makes it difficult to propose

252-468: A basis for teaching method" to be "absurdities and trivialities". He admonished the attention "devoted to tests, measurements, organization, administration—including administration of the teaching staff and how to organize for planning the curriculum". Lyell Asher blames the surge of residential life "curricula" on the selfish motives of the ed schools' administrators to present themselves not as resident advisers but as residence-hall "educators". He supports

315-563: A higher SES can afford things like better tutors, rigorous SAT / ACT prep classes, impressive summer programs, and so on. Parents generally feel more comfortable intervening on behalf of their children to acquire better grades or more qualified teachers (Levitsky). Parents of a higher SES are more willing to donate large sums of money to a certain institution to better improve their child's chances of acceptance, along with other extravagant measures. This creates an unfair advantage and distinct class barrier. A broad range of factors contributes to

378-715: A larger disadvantage than others and aims to compensate for this to ensure that everyone can attain the same lifestyle. Examples of this are: "When libraries offer literacy programs, when schools offer courses in English as a second language, and when foundations target scholarships to students from poor families, they operationalize a belief in equity of access as fairness and as justice". Equity recognizes this uneven playing field and aims to take extra measures by giving those in need more than those who are not. Equity aims to achieve equal outcomes for groups, also called substantive equality . Equity aims to ensure that everyone's lifestyle

441-641: A long time teacher education, curriculum, and instruction remained the core offering of schools of education. By the 1930s, schools of education started training educational administrators such as principals and superintendents, and specialists such as guidance counselors for elementary and secondary schools. Many graduates of schools of education become involved in education policy. As such, issues such as equity, teacher quality, and education assessment have become focuses of many schools of education. The issue of equitable access to education, specifically focusing on low-income , minority , and immigrant communities,

504-665: A long-term solution to educational equity. On the other hand, many countries with consistent levels of diversity experience long-standing issues of integrating minorities . Challenges for minorities and migrants are often exacerbated as these groups statistically struggle more in terms of lower academic performance and lower socio-economic status . The notion of equity in education is poorly defined and ambiguous. Definitions are often so broad as to be meaningless, and often conflict in meaning. For example; "Educational equity means that each child receives what they need to develop to their full academic and social potential", "Equity in education

567-428: A master level degree, doesn't seem to actually make someone a better teacher. George Pólya quoted a typical pre-service secondary school mathematics teacher, "The mathematics department offers us tough steak which we cannot chew and the school of education [feeds us] vapid soup with no meat in it". Polya suggested that a college instructor who offered a methods course to mathematics teachers knew mathematics at least on

630-805: A post-professional Master of Arts, a doctor of philosophy, and a doctor of professional studies. For practicing physical therapists, the department offers advanced degrees for post-professional education and training. Academic programs include a doctor of physical therapy, a master of arts with a concentration in pathokinesiology, a research in physical therapy PhD, and a clinical residency program in orthopedic physical therapy. Undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral programs are available in areas of study such as childhood, literacy, environmental, science, and bilingual education, with initial and professional certification options. NYU Steinhardt receives research funding exceeding $ 30 million annually, and its 16 research centers and institutes impact scholarship and policies around

693-613: A range of research opportunities for students at NYU. Founded in 1995 as a partnership between Steinhardt and the NYU Wagner School of Public Service, IESP conducts non-partisan scientific research about US education and related social issues. The largest interdisciplinary research center on NYU's Washington Square campus, IHDSC supports more than 40 faculty affiliates from the social, behavioral, and health sciences in studying how social forces such as globalization, technology, and immigration affect human development. The center

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756-436: A sample of education literature from four academic journals, spanning ten years, sought to determine how much these status groups were integrated. The study found little integration. The study then provided a research example on cooperative learning to illustrate how attention to only one status group oversimplifies the analysis of student behavior in school. From findings of studies integrating race and class, and race and gender,

819-443: A single school, courses are instructed at different levels, which is a less rigid kind of tracking that allows for more mobility. The organization of the tracking systems themselves is also important for its effect on educational equity. For both differentiation systems, a higher number of tracks and a smaller number of students per track is granting more educational equity. In addition, the effects of tracking are less rigid and have

882-474: A smaller impact on equity if the students are located in tracks when they are older. The earlier the students undergo educational selection, the less mobile they are to develop their abilities and the less they can benefit from peer effects. Income has always played an important role in shaping academic success. Those who come from a family of a higher socioeconomic status (SES) are privileged with more opportunities than those of lower SES. Those who come from

945-519: A survey report Race equality in education in November 2005. This report is based on visits by Her Majesty.s Inspectors (HMIs) and additional inspectors to 12 LEAs and 50 schools in England between summer term 2003 to spring term 2005. This report illustrates good practice on race equality in education in a sample of schools and local education authorities (LEAs) surveyed between the summer of 2003 and

1008-520: A vital role in preparing students for the employment market and active citizenship both nationally and internationally. By embedding race equality in teaching and learning, institutions can ensure that they acknowledge the experiences and values of all students, including minority ethnic and international students. Universities Scotland first published the Race Equality Toolkit: learning and teaching in 2006 in response to strong demand from

1071-2030: Is NYU's largest. In 2013–14, Steinhardt granted 705 undergraduate degrees, 1551 master's degrees, and 154 doctoral degrees. There are more than 75,000 active Steinhardt alumni. The school employs 290 full-time faculty in 11 academic departments: Master's, doctoral, and advanced certificate programs are offered in Educational Leadership, Educational Communication and Technology, Higher and Postsecondary Education, and Business and Workplace Education. Programs include an undergraduate degree in Applied Psychology; master's degrees in Counseling and Guidance, Counseling for Mental Health and Wellness, online Master's in Counseling (Counseling@NYU), online Master's in Mental Health Counseling, Online Master's in School Counseling, and Human Development and Social Intervention; and doctoral degrees in Counseling Psychology, Psychological Development, Online Doctorate in Occupational Therapy and Psychology and Social Intervention. With programs for undergraduate, master's and doctoral studies. The department offers an online master's in speech language pathology. Academic programs include Sociology of Education, History of Education, Education and Social Policy, International Education, Education and Jewish Studies, Education Studies, and Applied Statistics in Social Science Research. The Department of Media, Culture, and Communication at NYU Steinhardt offers undergraduate, master's, and doctoral programs. A music department

1134-1048: Is accredited by the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association's (ASHA) Council on Academic Accreditation (CAA). Speech@NYU is the online counterpart to NYU's on-campus graduate SLP program, which has been continuously accredited by ASHA for more than 30 years. Both of these ASHA-accredited graduate programs are also accredited by the New York Office of the Professions. During the program, students must complete five clinical practicum and field placement experiences in at least three different settings. These placements allow students to work with children and adults in individual and group settings. Steinhardt's notable faculty include and have included: 40°43′48″N 73°59′46″W  /  40.72988°N 73.99610°W  / 40.72988; -73.99610 School of education In

1197-618: Is accredited by the Masters in Psychology and Counseling Accreditation Council (MPCAC). The program offers two concentrations: school counseling and bilingual school counseling. Students can complete the degree in as few as 18 months, and must complete 100 practicum hours and 600 internship hours. Students explore topics such as individual counseling, group dynamics, cross-cultural counseling, program development and evaluation, and counseling theory and process. The online program, Speech@NYU,

1260-592: Is accredited through the Masters in Psychology and Counseling Accreditation Council (MPCAC). The program requires 60 credits, 1 lab, 100 hours of practicum experience and 600 internship hours. Students may start the program at three dates throughout the year and can complete the program in 21 months. Coursework includes Abnormal Psychology, Cross-Cultural Counseling, Human Growth and Development, and Research and Evaluation in Behavioral Sciences. NYU Steinhardt's Master of Arts in Counseling and Guidance program

1323-1073: Is central to many areas of research within the education field. Typically, a school of education offers research -based programs leading to Master of Arts (MA), Master of Education (MEd), Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Doctor of Education (EdD) or Educational Specialist (EdS) degrees, as well as professional teacher-education programs leading to Master of Science (MS), Master of Education (MEd), or Master of Arts in Teaching (MAT) degrees. Schools of education also offer teacher certification or licensure programs to undergraduate students. Generally schools of education have graduate programs related to teacher preparation, curriculum and instruction (or curriculum and teaching), public policy and education, and educational administration. In addition, some schools of education offer programs in school counseling and counseling psychology . Schools of education have been blamed for low academic standards. Critics argue that earning an advanced degree in education, specifically

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1386-559: Is deadly". The annual rankings of U.S. News & World Report placed the following schools of education in the top 20 of all graduate education institutions in the United States for 2022. They follow here, with identical numbers indicating ties: Educational equity Educational equity's growing importance is based on the premise that a person's level of education directly correlates with their quality of life and that an academic system that practices educational equity

1449-417: Is directed by Dr. David Kirkland. Its programs serve more than 5,000 classroom staff impacting 125,000 students. Reading Recovery is a short-term early literacy intervention designed to accelerate progress and lift achievement levels for the low-performing first-grade students. Students receive 30 minutes of daily, one-on-one instruction from a trained Reading Recovery teacher for 12 to 20 weeks. NYU Steinhardt

1512-506: Is equal, even if that requires unequal distribution of access and goods. Social justice leaders in education strive to ensure equitable outcomes for their students. Equality of opportunity in education occurs when the chances only depend on meritocracy and do not depend on characteristics such as sex , ethnicity, race , caste , relatives or friends , religion . The American Library Association defines equality as "access to channels of communication and sources of information that

1575-616: Is made available on even terms to all". On this definition, no one has an unfair advantage. Everyone has equal opportunities and accessibility and is then free to do what they please. This is not to say that everyone is then inherently equal. Some people may choose to seize opportunities while others let them pass. Tracking systems are selective measures to find students at different educational levels. They are created to increase education's efficiency . They allow more or less homogeneous groups of students to receive education that suits their skills. Tracking can affect educational equity if

1638-528: Is part of the history of education in this country and is tied up with the economic, political, social history of the peoples who are part of it. From the beginning of this nation, there were many barriers to the schooling and education of girls and racial, national origin, and language groups not from the dominant culture. Approaches and resources for achieving equality and equity in the public schooling of girls and ethnic, racial, and language minority groups are still evolving. The local authorities in England gave

1701-1228: Is the primary teacher leader training site for Reading Recovery in NY and NJ. Since 1999, NYU has served approximately 119,000 children through the program. The Research Alliance conducts rigorous studies on topics that matter to New York City's public schools. It maintains a unique archive of longitudinal data on city schools and communities and advances educational equity by providing non-partisan evidence about policies and practices that promote student development and academic success. The Steinhardt Institute for Higher Education Policy defines and assesses challenges facing colleges and universities. The Wallerstein Collaborative works with K-12 educators, graduate students, and college faculty. The Collaborative conducts year-round programs for public school teachers to incorporate environmental education opportunities in their classrooms. Steinhardt offers both master's and doctorate degrees online. Fields of study include education, counseling, occupational therapy, and communicative sciences and disorders. The Master of Arts in Counseling for Mental Health and Wellness program

1764-399: Is thus a strong foundation for a fair and thriving society. But inequity in education is hard to avoid because of inequities in socioeconomic standing, race, gender, and disability. Educational equity also operates in a historical context. History can shape outcomes in education systems. Equity is equality of outcome for all subgroups in society. Equity proponents believe that some are at

1827-534: Is when every student receives the resources needed to acquire the basic work skills of reading, writing, and simple arithmetic. It measures educational success in society by its outcome, not the resources poured into it" and "Equity means offering individualized support to students that addresses possible barriers, like poverty or limited transportation". If equity is taken as non-banal, its usage most consistently refers to apportioning resources to students according to social and developmental need in order to alleviate

1890-622: The 19th-century normal schools . After the Civil War , universities began to include instruction in pedagogy, competing with normal schools in the preparation of teachers. Teachers College, Columbia University is the oldest graduate school of education in the United States, founded in 1887. Pedagogy and psychology , which previously were considered to be subsets of philosophy , gained status of legitimate collegiate academic disciplines thanks to William James and John Dewey . By 1900, most universities had some formal instruction in pedagogy. For

1953-572: The Center conduct research, technical assistance, and research dissemination activities. CREATE engages in research on the design, critique, and evaluation of advanced digital technologies for learning. Projects involve interdisciplinary teams of scholars and developers who bridge basic and applied research, development, and evaluation. CREATE fosters collaboration among scholars within NYU and partnering institutions, nationally and internationally, and provides

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2016-488: The National Center for Education Statistics, 176,572 individuals were conferred master's degrees in education by degree-granting institutions in the United States in 2006–2007. The number of master's degrees conferred has grown immensely since the 1990s and accounts for one of the discipline areas that awards the highest number of master's degrees in the United States. Schools of education are historically rooted in

2079-741: The School's home today. The School was named the Steinhardt School of Education in 2001, in recognition of a $ 10 million donation, the largest it has ever received, from Michael and Judy Steinhardt . In 2007, the school was renamed the Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development to reflect the diversity of its academic programs. NYU Steinhardt enrolls roughly 5950 students from 67 countries, consisting of approximately 2540 undergraduates, 2820 master's and advanced certificate students, 390 PhD students, and 140 professional doctorate students. Nearly one-third are people of color and 16% are international students. Its graduate school

2142-642: The UK educational system. Racial equity in education means the assignment of students to public schools and within schools without regard to their race. This includes providing students with a full opportunity for participation in all educational programs regardless of their race. The educational system and its response to racial concerns in education vary from country to country. Below are some examples of countries that have to deal with racial discrimination in education . The struggle for equality of access to formal education and equality of excellent educational outcomes

2205-497: The UN's gender-inequality target, many parts of Africa are lagging behind. While progress is being made in sub-Saharan Africa in primary education, gender inequality is in fact widening among older children. The ratio of girls enrolled in primary school rose from 85 to 93 per 100 boys between 1999 and 2010, whereas it fell from 83 to 82 and from 67 to 63 at the secondary and tertiary levels." Excellence and equity in education should aim for

2268-613: The United States and Canada, a school of education (or college of education ; ed school ) is a division within a university that is devoted to scholarship in the field of education , which is an interdisciplinary branch of the social sciences encompassing sociology , psychology , linguistics , economics , political science , public policy , history , and others, all applied to the topic of elementary , secondary , and post-secondary education. The U.S. has 1,206 schools, colleges and departments of education and they exist in 78 per cent of all universities and colleges. According to

2331-403: The ability to excel past their original placement. The type of tracking has impact on the level of educational equity, which is especially determined by the degree in which the system is differentiated . Less differentiated systems, such as standardized comprehensive schools, reach higher levels of equity in comparison to more differentiated, or tracked, systems. Within the tracked systems,

2394-478: The argument of E. D. Hirsch that professors of education, "surrounded in the universities by prestigious colleagues whose strong suit is thought to be knowledge, have translated resentment against this elite cadre into resentment against the knowledge from which it draws its prestige". Mr. Hirsch warns that it is "never a healthy circumstance when people who are held in low esteem exercise dominant influence in an important sphere. The conjunction of power with resentment

2457-444: The bottom quarter of incomes even enroll in a four-year school and among that group, fewer than half graduate. From a scientific point of view, humanity is a single species. Nevertheless, the term racial group is enshrined in legislation, and phrases such as race equality and race relations are in widespread official use. A report by Association of Teachers and Lecturers discussed the racial, religious or cultural terminology used in

2520-439: The emergence of socioeconomic achievement gaps. The interaction of different aspects of socialization is outlined in the model of mediating mechanisms between social background and learning outcomes. The model describes a multi-step mediation process. Socially privileged families have more economic, personal, and social resources available than socially disadvantaged families. Differences in family resources result in differences in

2583-574: The fields of applied psychology, art, education, health, media, and music. NYU Steinhardt also offers several degree programs at NYU's Brooklyn campus. Founded in 1890 as the School of Pedagogy , the school soon added courses in psychology, counseling, art, and music. In 1910, it established the first United States university chair in experimental education. During the 1920s, enrollment increased from 990 to more than 9,500 students. The Education Building on Washington Square opened in 1930 and still serves as

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2646-457: The globe. A leading HIV, substance abuse, and mental health behavior research center focused on the well-being of all people, including sexual, racial, ethnic, and cultural minorities and other marginalized populations, CHIBPS envisions, develops, and enacts research with and for the communities it studies. It trains the future generation of behavioral and public health researchers and works with community partners to conduct research that resides on

2709-527: The hyphen between theory and practice. It collaborates on research projects, trains graduate students, directs discussion groups, and leads a Methods and Seminar Series and a biannual Statistics in Society lecture. Its faculty, research staff, and graduate students specialize in survey design, data collection, and reporting, using methodological approaches to inform complex educational issues and examine student learning. Faculty and researchers affiliated with

2772-514: The institution of education. Girls in many underdeveloped countries are denied secondary education, countries such as Sudan , Somalia , Thailand and Afghanistan face the highest of inequity when it comes to gender bias. Single-sex education results in segregation between genders. Gender-based inequity in education occurs in developed countries. Gender equity in education refers to both male and female concerns. In OECD women are overrepresented among university degree holders, for ages 25–34

2835-586: The key recommendations of the OECD publication Equity and Quality in Education: Supporting Disadvantaged Students and Schools (2012a), which maps out policy levers that can help build high quality and equitable education systems, with a particular focus on North American and Asia-Pacific countries. The long-term social and economic consequences of having little education are more tangible now than ever before. Those without

2898-516: The kind of differentiation matters as well for educational equity. Differentiation of schools could be organized externally or internally. External differentiation means that tracks are separated in different schools. Certain schools follow a certain track, which prepares students for academic or professional education, or for career or vocational education. This form is less beneficial for educational equity than internal differentiation or course-by-course tracking. Internal tracking means that, within

2961-496: The learning environments experienced by children. Children with various social backgrounds experience different home learning environments, attend different early childhood facilities, schools, school-related facilities, and recreational facilities, and have different peer groups. Due to these differences in learning environments, children with various social backgrounds carry out different learning activities and develop different learning prerequisites. The extraordinarily high cost of

3024-445: The level of a master's degree and had some experience of mathematical research. Katherine Merseth, director of the teacher education program at Harvard University, described her opinion that graduate schools of education as the "cash cows of universities". Abraham Flexner called courses like "the supervision of the teaching staff", "duties of school officers", "awareness of situations and planning of behavior", "reflective thought as

3087-686: The many prestigious high schools and universities in the United States makes an attempt at a "level playing field" for all students not so level. High-achieving low-income students do not have the means to attend selective schools that better prepare a student for later success. Because of this, low-income students do not even attempt to apply to the top-tier schools for which they are more than qualified. In addition, neighborhoods generally segregated by class leave lower-income students in lower-quality schools. For higher-quality schooling, students in low-income areas would have to take public transport which they cannot pay for. Fewer than 30 percent of students in

3150-878: The need to balance excellence and equity. Excellence and equity is sometimes used to invoke the notion of equity in education. The report is by the OECD Education Directorate with support from the Asia Society as a background report for the first Asia Society Global Cities Network Symposium, Hong Kong, May 10–12, 2012. Asia Society organized the Global Cities Education Network, a network of urban school systems in North America and Asia to focus on challenges and opportunities for improvement common to them, and to virtually all city education systems. This report presents

3213-440: The otherwise differential educational outcomes which occur as a consequence of such need. However, the notion is not underpinned by valid scholarly research. For example, differential outcomes between groups and individuals often occur as a function of biology/psychology and not social background; appropriate 'equitable' resource apportionment would therefore appear to require a clear distinction between where differential performance

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3276-424: The overrepresentation is around 20%. The college gender gap is worsening. VSO , an independent international development organization that works towards eliminating poverty, published a paper that categorizes the obstacles (or causes) into: Education is universally acknowledged as an essential human right because it highly impacts the socio-economic and cultural aspects of a country. Equity in education increases

3339-427: The possibilities of trafficking and exploitation of women. UNESCO also refers gender equity as a major factor that allows for sustainable development . "Looking at recently-published UN statistics on gender inequality in education, one observes that the overall picture has improved dramatically over the last decade, but progress has not been even (see chart). Although the developing world on average looks likely to hit

3402-486: The selection process is biased and children with certain backgrounds are structurally put on lower tracks. Students can be viewed and treated differently depending on their track, generating unequal achievement levels and restricting access to higher tracks and higher education. The quality of teaching and curricula vary between tracks and those on lower tracks may be disadvantaged with inferior resources, teachers, etc. In many cases, tracking stunts students who may develop

3465-564: The skills to participate socially and economically in society generate higher costs of healthcare , income support , child welfare and social security . While both basic education and higher education have both been improved and expanded in the past 50 years, this has not translated to a more equal society in terms of academics. While the feminist movement has made great strides for women, other groups have not been as fortunate. Generally, social mobility has not increased, while economic inequality has. So, while more students are getting

3528-493: The spring of 2005. The survey focused on schools and LEAs that were involved effectively in race equality in education. Four areas were examined by inspectors: improving standards and achievement amongst groups of pupils, with reference to the Race Relations (Amendment) Act 2000 (RRAA); the incorporation of race equality concepts into the curriculum in schools; the handling and reporting of race-related incidents in schools;

3591-460: The study argues that attending only to race, in this example, oversimplifies behavior analysis and may help perpetuate gender and class biases. To determine to what extent race, social class, and gender are integrated in the education literature, the study examined a sample of literature published over a ten-year period and 30 articles focused primarily on race, or on school issues related directly to race, such as desegregation. Higher education plays

3654-465: The time they reach secondary schools with stated reasons including harassment, limitations to freedom, and less opportunities compared to boys. Right to education is a human right . It promotes individual freedom and empowerment and yields important development benefits." The '4A' framework on the Right to Education encompasses availability, accessibility, acceptability and adaptability as fundamental to

3717-1036: The unique educational experience of a university school of pedagogy and performance as well as inheriting the rich performance tradition from New York College of Music, the Department of Music and Performing Arts Professions was developed and is now home to nearly all of NYU's music performance and music education degree programs. Steinhardt MPAP enrolls nearly 1600 students in undergraduate, master's and doctoral studies in music technology, music business, music composition, music education, film scoring, music performance practices, performing arts therapies , and performing arts education (in music, dance, and drama). Programs integrate performance, research, technology, and practice. Undergraduate, master's, and doctoral degree programs in Nutrition and Dietetics, Food Studies, and Global Public Health. Degree programs in occupational therapy include an entry-level professional Master of Science,

3780-648: The universities in Scotland for guidance on meeting their statutory obligations. Gender discrimination in education has been very evident and underlying problem in many countries, especially in developing countries where cultural and societal stigma continue to hinder growth and prosperity for women. Global Campaign for Education followed a survey called "Gender Discrimination in Violation of Rights of Women and Girls" states that one tenth of girls in primary school are 'unhappy' and this number increases to one fifth by

3843-482: The work force of the nation, therefore increasing national income , economic productivity , and [gross domestic product]. It reduces fertility and infant mortality , improves child health, increases life expectancy and increases standards of living. These are factors that allow economic stability and growth in the future. Above all, female education can increase output levels and allow countries to attain sustainable development. Equity in education of women also reduces

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3906-597: The work of schools and LEAs in improving links with local minority ethnic communities. Carol D. Lee described the rationale for a special theme issue, "Reconceptualizing Race and Ethnicity in Educational Research." The rationale includes the historical and contemporary ways that cultural differences have been positioned in educational research and the need for more nuanced and complex analyses of ethnicity and race. Education literature tends to treat race, social class, and gender as separate issues. A review of

3969-601: Was established in 1925 within the School of Education. In 1968, the New York College of Music , which was an American conservatory of music originally founded in 1878 and located in Manhattan , closed and merged with NYU, leading to the music department of the School of Education to serve both in its original capacity and as the spiritual continuation of the New York College of Music. Continuing to provide

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