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24-1090: The neighborhood borders to the north the mouth of the Golden Horn , to the west the neighborhood of Bahçekapı, to the east the Topkapı Palace area, and to the south the Cağaloğlu neighborhood. It hosts the Sirkeci railway station , the easternmost terminus of the Orient Express , a historic long-distance passenger train service in Europe that operated between Paris and Istanbul in the period between 1883 and 2009. The neighborhood consists mostly of commercial and tourist -oriented buildings. A combination of small shops, hans (larger workshops) and offices intermingle with boutique hotels, traditional Turkish restaurants, Turkish and foreign-language bookstores, and tourist offices. In recent years, Sirkeci has become one of

48-459: A horn shape , sheltered harbor that in the course of history has protected Greek , Roman , Byzantine , Ottoman and other maritime trade ships for thousands of years. Throughout its history, the Golden Horn has witnessed many tumultuous historical incidents, and has been depicted in numerous works of art. An hourly Golden Horn ferry service connects Üsküdar and Karaköy with most of

72-667: A location in Istanbul Province , Turkey is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Golden Horn The Golden Horn ( Turkish : Altın Boynuz or Haliç ; Ancient Greek : Χρυσόκερας , Chrysókeras ; Latin : Sinus Ceratinus ) is a major urban waterway and the primary inlet of the Bosphorus in Istanbul , Turkey . As a natural estuary that connects with the Bosphorus Strait at

96-479: A seasonal outdoor exhibit and event space attached to Haliç Park. Archaeological records show a significant urban presence on and around the Golden Horn dating back to at least the 7th century BC, with smaller settlements going as far back as 6700 BC as confirmed by recent discoveries of ancient ports, storage facilities, and fleets of trade ships unearthed during construction work for the Yenikapı subway station and

120-400: Is 7.5 kilometers (4.7 miles) long, and 750 meters (2,460 feet) across at its widest. Its maximum depth, where it flows into the Bosphorus , is about 35 meters (115 feet). While the reference to a "horn" is understood to refer to the inlet's aerial silhouette, the significance of the designation "golden" remains more obscure, with historians believing it to refer to either the riches brought into

144-616: Is also located along the shore, as are several Muslim , Jewish and Christian cemeteries. Other institutions along the Horn's banks include museums, congress and cultural halls, supporting facilities of the Turkish Navy , and campuses of various universities. Today, the Horn's history and natural environment make it a popular tourist attraction in Istanbul, visited by 10 million international vacationers annually. Sometimes claimed as

168-481: Is located on a viaduct on Alibeyköy Creek. Access to the platforms of the station is provided by the entrances on both sides of the stream . The M7 line operates as fully automatic unattended train operation (UTO). The station consists of an island platform with two tracks. Since the M7 is an ATO line, protective gates on each side of the platform open only when a train is in the station. Connection to Istanbul Tram

192-692: The Fourth Crusade in 1204. In 1348, the Genoese built a new tower nearby which they called Christea Turris (Tower of Christ), now called Galata Tower . There were three notable times when the chain across the Horn was either broken or circumvented. In the 10th century the Kievan Rus' dragged their longships out of the Bosphorus , around Galata , and relaunched them in the Horn; the Byzantines defeated them with Greek fire . In 1204, during

216-505: The Fourth Crusade , Venetian ships were able to break the chain with a ram . In 1453, Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II , having failed in his attempt to break the chain with brute force, instead used the same tactic as the Rus' ; towing his ships across Galata over greased logs and into the estuary. After the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople in 1453, Mehmed II resettled ethnic Greeks along

240-585: The Marmaray tunnel project. Indeed, the deep natural harbor provided by the Golden Horn has always been a major economic attraction and strategic military advantage for inhabitants of the area. Emperor Constantine I established Nova Roma (later Constantinople ) on top of the existing city of Byzantium to capitalize on the same benefits, as did the founders of the previous settlement and its modern successor, Istanbul . The Eastern Roman Empire had its naval headquarters there, and walls were built along

264-661: The Turkish State Railways is the terminating node of the European railway network leading into Istanbul from Bucharest , Romania . Sirkeci is a station on the Marmaray railway line running between Gebze and Halkalı , and connecting the European and Asian sides of Istanbul via a tunnel under the Bosphorus. 41°00′53″N 28°58′32″E  /  41.01472°N 28.97556°E  / 41.01472; 28.97556 This geographical article about

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288-531: The 1980s, the Horn was polluted with industrial waste from the factories, warehouses, and shipyards along its shores. It has since been cleaned, and the local fish, wildlife, and flora have been largely restored. The clean-up happened in two main phases under Mayor Bedrettin Dalan in the 1980s and under Mayor Recep Tayyip Erdoğan in the 1990s. Nowadays, the Golden Horn is settled on both sides, and there are parks along each shore. The Istanbul Chamber of Commerce

312-611: The Golden Horn as part of a civil engineering project for Sultan Bayezid II . Leonardo's drawings and notes regarding this bridge are currently displayed at the Museo della Scienza e della Tecnologia in Milan , Italy . While the original design was never executed, the vision of Leonardo's Golden Horn Bridge was resurrected in 2001, when a small footbridge based on Leonardo's design was constructed near Ås in Norway by Vebjørn Sand . Until

336-481: The Golden Horn from south to north: Cibali, Fener , Balat , Ayvansaray , Eyüp , Silahtarağa, Sakarya and Alibeyköy. The following districts line the eastern shore of the Golden Horn from south to north: Kasımpaşa , Hasköy , and Sütlüce . At present, the Golden Horn is spanned by four bridges. Moving from upstream to downstream (i.e. northwest to southeast), these are as follows: The Eski Galata Bridge (literally, Old Galata Bridge ), now-defunct, used to connect

360-612: The Horn in the Phanar (today's Fener). Balat continued to be inhabited by Jews, as during the Byzantine age, though many Jews decided to leave following the takeover of the city. This area was repopulated when Bayezid II invited the Jews who were expelled from Spain to resettle in Balat . In 1502, Leonardo da Vinci produced a drawing of a single-span 240-metre (790 ft) bridge over

384-754: The Spanish gun, / And the Lord upon the Golden Horn is laughing in the sun." 41°01′45″N 28°57′40″E  /  41.02917°N 28.96111°E  / 41.02917; 28.96111 Alibeyk%C3%B6y (Istanbul Metro) Alibeyköy is a metro station on the M7 line of the Istanbul Metro in Eyüpsultan . The station is located on Atatürk Street in the Alibeyköy neighborhood of Eyüpsultan. The station

408-470: The city through the bustling historic harbor located along its shores, or to romantic artistic interpretations of the rich yellow light blazing upon the estuary's waters as the sun sets over the city. Its Greek and English names mean the same, while its Turkish name, Haliç , simply means "estuary", and derives from the Arabic word khaleej , meaning "gulf" . The following districts line the western shore of

432-411: The downstream neighborhoods of Karaköy and Eminönü , but was disassembled and relocated upstream between Ayvansaray and Keçeci Piri following extensive damage in 1992 caused by a fire originating in the kitchen of one of the restaurants located on the bridge's lower level. Originally dating back to 1912, the now-retired structure is no longer used for vehicular or pedestrian traffic, but functions as

456-515: The major hotel neighborhoods in the historical peninsula of Istanbul . With its unique location between the Beyoğlu district and Sultanahmet quarter, Sirkeci hosts many hotels with reasonable pricing options and availability. Famous for its railway station which was the eastern terminus of the Orient Express , Sirkeci remains one of the main travel hubs for Istanbul, connecting suburban train , tram and ferry systems. The Sirkeci Station of

480-561: The oldest shipyard in the world, the Haliç Shipyard ( Haliç Tersanesi in Turkish) was founded by Sultan Mehmed II in 1455. It remained in operation both for shipbuilding and repairs into the 1960s but then fell into disrepair. The site is now being redeveloped as the giant Tersane Istanbul project which will bring hotels, museums, art galleries, shops and restaurants to a very rundown area. In February 2019 President Erdoğan announced

504-447: The point where the strait meets the Sea of Marmara , the waters of the Golden Horn help define the northern boundary of the peninsula constituting "Old Istanbul" (ancient Byzantium and Constantinople ), the tip of which is the promontory of Sarayburnu , or Seraglio Point. This estuarial inlet geographically separates the historic center of Istanbul from the rest of the city, and forms

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528-580: The shoreline to protect the city of Constantinople from naval attacks. At the entrance to the Horn on the northern side, a large chain was pulled across from Constantinople to the old Tower of Galata to prevent unwanted ships from entering. Known among the Byzantines as the Megàlos Pyrgos (meaning "Great Tower" in Greek ), this tower was largely destroyed by the Latin Crusaders during

552-648: The start of the project and in October 2021 it started to open when the Contemporary Istanbul art fair was staged there. It is intended that the Sadberk Hanım Museum will relocate to Tersane Istanbul from Sarıyer as part of the project. The Golden Horn is featured in many works of literature dealing with classical themes. For example, G. K. Chesterton 's poem Lepanto contains the memorable couplet "From evening isles fantastical rings faint

576-678: The suburbs along the estuary. In 2021 the T5 tramline opened on the western shore of the Golden Horn. It runs from the Alibeyköy bus station as far as Cibali, beside the Atatürk Bridge , and an extension already in the making will continue it to Eminönü where it will intersect with the T1 tramline and several ferry services. The Golden Horn is the estuary of the Alibey and Kağıthane Rivers. It

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