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55-638: Spasskaya Tower of the Moscow Kremlin Spasskaya (Saint Petersburg Metro) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Spasskaya . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spasskaya&oldid=933137786 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

110-537: A bellmaker Feodor Dmitriev cast the so-called Nabatny bell (alarm bell) weighing 150 poods (2.45 metric tons ) and installed it on the tower. The bell subsequently broke and was re-cast by Ivan Motorin on 30 July 1714. The sound from this bell served as a signal for the spontaneous uprising of the Muscovites during the plague outbreak in 1771, which would later be called the Plague Riot (Чумной бунт). By

165-592: A middle tower on the south side of the Moscow Kremlin. It was built in 1485 by Antonio Gilardi on the spot of the gates to Dmitry Donskoy 's whitestone Kremlin. The Taynitskaya Tower had a secret well and a tunnel leading to the Moscow River (hence, the name "Taynitskaya", or "secret"). In 1770, the tower was dismantled due to the construction of the Kremlin Palace by Vasili Bazhenov . It

220-466: A small pyramid -shaped top was added to the tower. In 1821, when the Alexander Garden was laid out, an ancient-style grotto was built at the foot of the tower, designed by Osip Bove . Geographical coordinates: 55°45′13″N 37°36′56″E  /  55.753667°N 37.615525°E  / 55.753667; 37.615525  ( Middle Arsenalnaya Tower ) . The Troitskaya Tower

275-613: Is a tower of the Moscow Kremlin. It was built in 1492 by an Italian architect Pietro Antonio Solari . The construction of this tower completed the Kremlin's line of defence from the side of the Red Square . It was called the Sobakin Tower until the early 18th century (named so after a boyar Sobakin, whose house had been adjacent to the tower from the Kremlin side). The Corner Arsenalnaya Tower received its current name after

330-563: Is a tower with a through-passage on the eastern wall of the Moscow Kremlin, which overlooks the Red Square not far from the State Historical Museum . The Nikolskaya Tower was built in 1491 by an Italian architect Pietro Antonio Solari . It was named after Nikolaevsky (Nikolsky) Greek Monastery, which is no longer there. In 1806, the tower was rebuilt in the neo-Gothic style by an architect Luigi Rusca . In 1812,

385-702: Is a Kremlin tower, built in 1495. It is located on the northwestern side of the Kremlin wall and overlooks the Alexander Garden . It is situated on the spot of a corner tower dating from the reign of Dmitry Donskoi . It was given its present name, the Middle Arsenal Tower, after the Arsenal was completed in the mid-18th century. Originally, it was called the Faceted Tower because of the shape of its façade . In 1680, an open lookout with

440-460: Is a corner tower on the southeastern side of the Moscow Kremlin on the Moscow River. The tower was built in 1487-1488 by an Italian architect Marco Ruffo (known as Mark Fryazin in Russia ). It was named after a boyar Ivan Bersen-Beklemishev , whose house had been adjacent to the tower from the Kremlin side. The Beklemishevskaya Tower was constructed for protecting the ford and the crossing over

495-588: Is a corner tower on the southwestern side of Kremlin, overlooking the Moskva River . It was built in 1488 by an Italian architect Antonio Gilardi (also known as Anton Fryazin). Initially, the tower was called the Sviblova Tower (Свиблова башня) after the Sviblov boyar family, who had lived in a house adjacent to the tower from the Kremlin's side. The tower was renamed to Vodovzvodnaya in 1633 after

550-816: Is a surname, most common in Russia, Bulgaria , Ukraine and North Macedonia . Additionally, there are similarly named places in Poland like Mozgawa . According to one of the Finno-Ugric hypotheses, the Merya and Muroma people, who were among the several pre-Slavic tribes which originally inhabited the area, called the river Mustajoki "Black river", and the name of the river derives from this term. Various other theories (of Celtic , Iranian , Caucasic origins), having little or no scientific ground, are now largely rejected by contemporary linguists. To distinguish

605-534: Is a tower in the southeastern section of the Kremlin wall , built in 1495. It is 38 metres (125 ft) in height. Traditionally, there has always been a bell on top of the Nabatnaya Tower, used for notifying citizens of fires and other misfortunes in the Kremlin or on the Red Square (hence, the name Nabatnaya, which derives from the old Russian word набат - nabat , meaning "alarm" or "tocsin"). In 1680,

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660-489: Is a tower on the eastern wall of the Kremlin, overlooking the so-called Basil Descent (Васильевский спуск), which begins at the Red Square and ends at the Moscow River. The tower was built in 1490 by an Italian architect Pietro Antonio Solari on the spot of gates to the whitestone Kremlin. It was named after the Church of Constantine and Helene in the Kremlin (second half of the 17th century), which would be demolished by

715-708: Is an outlying barbican tower of the Moscow Kremlin. Built in 1516 under the leadership of the Milanese architect Aloisio da Milano , in order to protect one end of the Neglinnaya River bridge that comes out of the West side of the Kremlin wall under the Troitskaya Tower. Initially, the Kutafya was surrounded by a moat and was the only access to the city through its lift bridge, nowadays the moat around

770-550: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Moscow Kremlin towers#Spasskaya The following is a list of towers of the Moscow Kremlin . The Kremlin Wall is a defensive wall that surrounds the Moscow Kremlin , recognizable by the characteristic notches and its towers. The original walls were likely a simple wooden fence with guard towers built in 1156. The Kremlin

825-696: Is flanked by 19 towers with a 20th, the Kutafya Tower, not part of its walls. The Borovitskaya Tower ( Russian : Боровицкая башня , romanized :  Borovitskaya bashnya ) is a corner tower with a through-passage on the west side of the Kremlin. It is named after Borovitsky Hill , one of the seven hills Moscow is standing on. The tower was constructed in 1490 on the spot of an old Kremlin gate by Italian architect Pietro Antonio Solari (Petr Fryazin, from fryaz or fryag as Italians were called at that time) by order of Vasili III of Russia . In 1658 by orders of tzar Aleksey I of Russia

880-553: Is from the Proto-Balto-Slavic root * mŭzg -/ muzg - from the Proto-Indo-European * meu - "wet", so the name Moskva might signify a river at a wetland or a marsh. Its cognates include Russian : музга , muzga "pool, puddle", Lithuanian : mazgoti and Latvian : mazgāt "to wash", Sanskrit : májjati "to drown", Latin : mergō "to dip, immerse". In many Slavic countries Moskov

935-541: Is named after the Church of Metropolitan Peter , which was part of the mission of the Ugreshi Monastery located near the tower in the Kremlin. The Petrovskaya Tower was destroyed by cannon fire during the Polish invasion in 1612 and then restored. In 1771, it was pulled down to construct the Kremlin Palace , but was rebuilt in 1783. In 1812, the tower was blown up by Napoleon’s retreating troops . In 1818, it

990-584: Is the Troitsky Bridge, which is protected by the Kutafia Tower and leads to the gates of the Troitskaya Tower. There was also a clock on top of the tower between 1585 and 1812. In 1707, due to a threat of Swedish invasion, the gun slots of the Troitskaya Tower were enlarged to fit heavy cannons . In 1935, the Soviets installed a red star on top of the Troitskaya Tower. Prior to Soviet rule

1045-549: Is the youngest and smallest tower of all, built in 1680. It is not a tower per se, it is rather a stone terem , a tent-shaped chamber placed directly on top of the wall. Previously, there was a small wooden turret , from which, according to legend, tsar Ivan IV liked to observe what was happening on the Red Square. Hence the name, the Tsar's Tower. The white stone bands around the posts, tall corner pyramids with gilt flags and tent roof topped with an elegant gilt weather vane make

1100-655: The Annunciation Tower , was erected in 1487-1488. At its foundation are slabs of white limestone that have survived since the time of the white stone Kremlin of the 14th century. During the reign of Ivan the Terrible , the tower was used as a prison . The name of the tower comes from the miracle -working Icon of the Annunciation , which was once kept here, and is also associated with the Cathedral of

1155-414: The Kremlin , which is no longer there. The tower's modern name comes from the icon of 'Spas Nerukotvorny' ( Russian : Спас Нерукотворный ) translated as 'The Saviour Not Made by Hands ', which was placed above the gates on the inside wall in 1658 and removed in 1917. The tower is also named for the wall-painted icon of 'Spas Smolensky' ( Russian : Спас Смоленский ) translated as 'Smolensky Saviour', which

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1210-545: The Moscow Canal (1932–1937), the Moskva River has also collected a share of Upper Volga water. This has enabled reliable commercial shipping, which was previously interrupted by summer droughts (older dams built in 1785, 1836 and 1878 were not effective). The average discharge , including Volga waters, varies from 38 m /s (1,300 cu ft/s) near Zvenigorod to 250 m /s (8,800 cu ft/s) at

1265-526: The Soviets in 1928. The Konstantino-Eleninskaya Tower had its own gates and a lift bridge , protected by guards at all times. In the late 18th century - early 19th century the gates were bricked up and the bridge was dismantled. The tower's height is 36.8 metres (121 ft). Geographical coordinates: 55°45′04″N 37°37′20″E  /  55.751179°N 37.622359°E  / 55.751179; 37.622359  ( Konstantino-Eleninskaya Tower ) . The Nabatnaya Tower ( Russian : Набатная башня )

1320-693: The Soviets installed a red star on top of the tower. Following the closure of the Spassky Gate in Red Square to all traffic at the end of the 1990s, the Borovitsky Gate became the main vehicle passageway. Together with the star, its height is 54.05 metres (177.3 ft). Geographical coordinates: 55°44′56″N 37°36′45″E  /  55.748909°N 37.612520°E  / 55.748909; 37.612520  ( Borovitskaya Tower ) . The Vodovzvodnaya Tower ( Russian : Водовзводная башня , romanized :  Vodovzvodnaya bashnya )

1375-619: The Annunciation added to the tower in the early 18th century and demolished in 1932. In the 17th century, the Portomoyniye Gates were built nearby so that palace laundresses could go to the Portomoiny raft on the Moscow River to rinse porty, or underclothes. These gates were bricked up in 1813. The height of the tower is 30.7 metres (101 ft) (32.45 metres (106.5 ft) together with the weather vane that replaced

1430-765: The Moscow River. There was the so-called "listening" vault underneath the tower, which was used for preventing the enemy from tunneling his way to the Kremlin. The Beklemishevskaya Tower is 46.2 metres (152 ft) in height. During the October Revolution of 1917, the top of the tower was damaged by a shell. It was restored a year later by an architect I.V. Rylsky. Geographical coordinates: 55°44′59″N 37°37′24″E  /  55.749742°N 37.623239°E  / 55.749742; 37.623239  ( Beklemishevskaya Tower ) . The Konstantino-Eleninskaya Tower ( Russian : Константино-Еленинская башня , romanized :  Konstantino-Eleninskaya bashnya )

1485-638: The Moskva River and from the Upper Volga reservoirs (north and north-west of the city). Canals, built within Moscow city limits, have created a number of islands. Some of them have names in Russian, some have none. Major, permanent islands (west to east) are: One of the most famous is an unnamed artificial island in the center of the city between the river proper and the Bypass Canal There

1540-509: The Moskva and Oka — Kolomna . As of 2007, there are 49 bridges across the Moskva River and its canals within Moscow city limits; the first stone bridge, Bolshoy Kamenny Bridge , was erected in 1692. Within the city, the river is 120–200 metres (390–660 ft) wide, the narrowest point being under the Kremlin walls. Drinking water for the city of Moscow is collected from five stations on

1595-453: The Oka inlet. The speed of the current, depending on the season, varies from 0.1 m/s (0.33 ft/s) (winter, dams closed) to 1.5–2.0 m/s (4.9–6.6 ft/s) (May, dams open). Moscow ( Москва́ ), the capital of Russia, is situated on its banks. The river also flows through the towns of Mozhaysk , Zvenigorod , Zhukovsky , Bronnitsy , Voskresensk , and — at the confluence of

1650-478: The Spasskaya Tower appeared between 1491 and 1585. It is usually referred to as the Kremlin chimes (Кремлёвские куранты) and designates official Moscow Time. The clock face has a diameter of 6 metres (20 ft). The gate of Spasskaya Tower was used to greet foreign dignitaries, and was used during formal ceremonies or processions held on Red Square. The Senatskaya Tower ( Russian : Сенатская башня )

1705-413: The bridge has transformed into Alexander Garden . Kutafya is one of the lower height Kremlin towers which had two combat tiers and no spire, with the open-top upper landing equipped with arrowslits and machicolations , which made it a formidable obstacle to the besieging of the Kremlin fortress. Marking today the main public entrance to the Kremlin, the Kutafya tower was modified several times through

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1760-424: The centuries: The Kutafya Tower is currently 13.5 m high; it used to be 18 m but the lower part of the tower was "submerged" by successive constructions that heightened the street-level ground. Geographical coordinates: 55°45′09″N 37°36′46″E  /  55.752514°N 37.612649°E  / 55.752514; 37.612649  ( Kutafya Tower ) . Moskva River According to recent studies,

1815-776: The construction of the Arsenal . The tower still has a secret well . In 1707, due to a threat of Swedish invasion, the gun slots of the Corner Arsenalnaya Tower were enlarged to fit heavy cannons . In 1812, the tower was damaged by an explosion , set up by the retreating French army . It was restored in 1816-1819 by architect Osip Bove . The tower's current height is over 60 metres (200 ft). Geographical coordinates: 55°45′18″N 37°36′59″E  /  55.755110°N 37.616469°E  / 55.755110; 37.616469  ( Corner Arsenalnaya Tower ) . The Middle Arsenalnaya Tower ( Russian : Средняя Арсенальная башня , i.e. "Middle Arsenal tower")

1870-455: The current riverbed of the Moscow River was occupied about 12 thousand years ago. In addition to Finnic tribes, the Moskva River is also the origin of Slavic tribes such as the Vyatichi tribe. The name of the city is thought to be derived from the name of the river. Several theories of the origin of the name have been proposed. The most linguistically well-grounded and widely accepted

1925-446: The entrance on Red Square had been plastered over by Soviet authorities and was uncovered and restored in 2010 - similar to what took place on the Spasskaya Tower. Geographical coordinates: 55°45′16″N 37°37′04″E  /  55.754421°N 37.617713°E  / 55.754421; 37.617713  ( Nikolskaya Tower. ) The Corner Arsenalnaya Tower ( Russian : Арсенальная Угловая башня , i.e. "Corner Arsenal tower")

1980-820: The installation of a water-supplying machine inside the tower ("vodovzvodnaya" may be translated as "water-lifting"). In 1805, the Vodovzvodnaya Tower was dismantled due to its dilapidation and built once again. In 1812, the retreating French army blew it up. The tower was restored in 1817-1819 by architect Osip Bove . Its height is 61.85 metres (202.9 ft). Geographical coordinates: 55°44′53″N 37°36′49″E  /  55.748106°N 37.613647°E  / 55.748106; 37.613647  ( Vodovzvodnaya Tower ) . The Blagoveschenskaya Tower ( Russian : Благовещенская башня , romanized :  Blagoveshchenskaya bashnya ), known in English as

2035-696: The order of Catherine the Great , the tongue of the bell was removed after this incident. The tongueless bell remained on top of the tower for 30 more years. In the early 19th century, it was removed and transferred to the Arsenal . In 1821, the bell was moved to the Armoury , where it remains to this day in the vestibule . Geographical coordinates: 55°45′07″N 37°37′19″E  /  55.751843°N 37.621908°E  / 55.751843; 37.621908  ( Nabatnaya Tower ) . The Tsarskaya Tower ( Russian : Царская башня , translated as "Tsar's tower")

2090-461: The original cross in 1932). Geographical coordinates: 55°44′55″N 37°36′55″E  /  55.748722°N 37.615192°E  / 55.748722; 37.615192  ( Blagoveschenskaya Tower ) . The Taynitskaya Tower ( Russian : Тайницкая башня , romanized :  Taynitskaya bashnya ; it was also called Водяная башня ( Vodyanaya bashnya ), or the Water Tower) is

2145-690: The river and the city, Russians usually call the river Moskva-reka (Moskva river) instead of just Moskva . The river is 473 km (294 mi) long (or 502 km (312 mi)), and the area of its drainage basin is 17,600 km (6,800 sq mi). It has a vertical drop of 155 m (509 ft) (long-term average). The maximum depth is 3 metres (9.8 ft) above Moscow city limits, and up to 6 metres (20 ft) below it. Normally, it freezes in November–December and begins to thaw around late March. During an unusually warm winter in 2006–2007, ice began melting on January 25. The portion of

2200-495: The river running through Moscow only freezes occasionally on account of contamination. The absolute water level in downtown Moscow is 120 metres (390 ft) above sea level (long-term average of summer lows after World War II ); a historical maximum of 127.25 metres (417.5 ft) above sea level was set by the 1908 flood. The main tributaries of the Moskva are, from source to mouth: Sources of water are estimated as 61% thaw, 12% rain and 27% subterranean. Since completion of

2255-524: The top of the tower was blown up by the retreating French army . It was restored in 1816 by an architect Osip Bove . The Nikolskaya Tower was once again severely damaged by the artillery fire in October 1917 and was later restored by an architect Nikolai Markovnikov . In 1935, the Soviets installed a red star on top of the tower. Its current height with the star is 70.4 metres (231 ft). The original icon of Saint Nicholas of Mozhaysk , placed above

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2310-633: The tower had an icon of the Holy Trinity atop its outward face. Because this tower was the formal entrance for huge Communist Party Congresses the icon was totally removed rather than just plastered over as were those on the Spasskaya and Nikolskaya Towers. The Komendantskaya Tower ( Russian : Комендантская башня ) was completed in 1495. It used to be called Kolymazhnaya after the Kremlin’s coach yard, where carriages and coaches had been kept. It

2365-533: The tower look like some structure from a fairy tale . Geographical coordinates: 55°45′08″N 37°37′18″E  /  55.752284°N 37.621608°E  / 55.752284; 37.621608  ( Tsarskaya Tower ) . The Spasskaya Tower was built in 1491 by the Italian architect Pietro Antonio Solari . Initially, it was named the Frolovskaya Tower after the Church of Frol and Lavr in

2420-532: The tower there are three tiers of vaulted chambers. In 1860, the flat tower was topped with a stone tent roof crowned, in turn, with a gilt weather vane . The tower contains a through-passage that allows VIPs to travel from the kremlin to Red Square. Its height is 34.3 metres (113 ft). Geographical coordinates: 55°45′12″N 37°37′10″E  /  55.753449°N 37.619548°E  / 55.753449; 37.619548  ( Senatskaya Tower ) . The Nikolskaya Tower ( Russian : Никольская башня )

2475-485: The tower was blown up by Napoleon’s retreating troops , but it was soon restored to its original form by architect Osip Beauvais . Its height is 34.15 metres (112.0 ft). Geographical coordinates: 55°44′58″N 37°37′08″E  /  55.749495°N 37.618968°E  / 55.749495; 37.618968  ( First Unnamed Tower ) . The Second Unnamed Tower ( Russian : Вторая Безымянная башня , romanized :  Vtoraya Bezymyannaya bashnya )

2530-564: The tower was renamed to Predtechenskaya (from the Russian word предтеча , the forerunner ) after the Church of John the Forerunner , which was later destroyed during the construction of the Kremlin Armoury ( Oruzheynaya Palata ). The new name, however, never became popular. In 1812, the tower was damaged by an explosion staged by the retreating French army . In 1817-19, the tower was restored by architect Osip Bove . In 1935,

2585-526: Was built in 1491 by an architect Pietro Antonio Solari and was purely defensive in nature: it guarded the Kremlin on the Red Square side. For a long time it remained nameless. It was only in 1787, after architect Matvei Kazakov constructed the Kremlin Senate on the Kremlin’s territory, that it was given its present name. The dome of the Senate can be seen from Red Square. Inside the central part of

2640-603: Was built in 1495. It was given its present name in the 19th century after the construction of the Armory . Before then, it was known as the Konyushennaya Tower , a reference to the royal stables that stood behind it. Geographical coordinates: 55°44′58″N 37°36′46″E  /  55.749428°N 37.612714°E  / 55.749428; 37.612714  ( Oruzheynaya Tower ) . The Kutafya Tower ( Russian : Кутафья башня formerly Predmostnaya tower)

2695-540: Was built in 1495–1499 by an Italian architect Aloisio da Milano (known in Russia as Aleviz Fryazin Milanets ). The tower has borne several names, including Rizopolozhenskaya, Znamenskaya, and Karetnaya. It received its current name in 1658 from the Troitskaya Coaching Inn (Троицкое подворье) in the Kremlin. The two-story basement of the tower housed a prison in the 16th–17th centuries. There

2750-563: Was built in the middle of the 15th century. It had purely defensive functions. In 1680, a quadrangular structure and a tall pyramidal tent roof with a watchtower were added to the top of the tower. It is crowned with an eight-sided hipped cupola with a weather vane . Geographical coordinates: 55°44′59″N 37°37′13″E  /  55.749615°N 37.620363°E  / 55.749615; 37.620363  ( Second Unnamed Tower ) . The Petrovskaya Tower ( Russian : Петровская башня , romanized :  Petrovskaya bashnya )

2805-483: Was built next to the Taynitskaya Tower in the 1480s. It performed strictly defensive functions. In 1547, the tower was destroyed by fire after the gunpowder stored there exploded, and was rebuilt in the 17th century. In 1770, the tower was taken apart to clear the site for the Kremlin Palace . After the construction of the palace ended, the tower was rebuilt in 1783, closer to the Taynitskaya Tower. In 1812,

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2860-460: Was created in the 16th century on the outside wall of tower, plastered over in 1937, but reopened and restored in 2010. The Spasskaya Tower was the first tower of the many Moscow Kremlin Towers to be crowned with the hipped roof in 1624–1625 by architects Bazhen Ogurtsov and Christopher Galloway (a Scottish architect and clock maker). According to a number of historical accounts, the clock on

2915-748: Was given its present name, the Commandant ’s Tower, in the 19th century when the commandant of Moscow took up residence in the Kremlin’s Poteshny – or Amusement – Palace. Like all Kremlin towers, it was supplemented with a tent roof and watchtower in 1676-1686. The height of the tower on the side of the Alexander Garden is 41.25 metres (135.3 ft). Geographical coordinates: 55°45′02″N 37°36′49″E  /  55.750575°N 37.613518°E  / 55.750575; 37.613518  ( Komendantskaya Tower ) . The Oruzheynaya Tower ( Russian : Оружейная башня , translated as Armory Tower)

2970-556: Was rebuilt by the architect Osip Bove . The Petrovskaya Tower was used as a service building by the Kremlin's gardeners . Its height is 27.15 metres (89.1 ft). Geographical coordinates: 55°44′59″N 37°37′19″E  /  55.749700°N 37.622015°E  / 55.749700; 37.622015  ( Petrovskaya Tower ) . The Beklemishevskaya Tower ( Russian : Беклемишевская башня , romanized :  Beklemishevskaya bashnya , also known as Москворецкая башня ( Moskvoretskaya bashnya ), or Moskvoretskaya Tower)

3025-465: Was rebuilt in the 1770s. In 1930-1933, the Soviets bricked up the gateway and filled up the well. The Taynitskaya Tower is 38.4 metres (126 ft) in height. Geographical coordinates: 55°44′58″N 37°37′04″E  /  55.749374°N 37.617863°E  / 55.749374; 37.617863  ( Taynitskaya Tower ) . The First Unnamed Tower ( Russian : Первая Безымянная башня , romanized :  Pervaya Bezymyannaya bashnya )

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