65-737: The Cass County Dentzel Carousel , formerly known as the Spencer Park Dentzel Carousel and also known as the Riverside Park Dentzel Carousel or Logansport Carousel , is a historic carousel in Riverside Park of Logansport, Indiana . Built by the Dentzel Carousel Company , probably by 1900, it is one of the company's oldest surviving menagerie -style carousels, with animals likely hand-carved by George Dentzel. It
130-525: A joust was still a (martial) "meeting", i.e. a duel in general and not limited to the lance. Combatants would begin riding on one another with the lance, but might continue with shorter range weapons after the distance was closed or after one or both parties had been unhorsed. Tournaments in the High Medieval period were much rougher and less "gentlemanly" affairs than in the late medieval era of chivalry . The rival parties would fight in groups, with
195-453: A warhorse of the period. The two most common kinds of horses used for jousting were warmblood chargers and larger destriers . Chargers were medium-weight horses bred and trained for agility and stamina. Destriers were heavier, similar to today's Andalusian horse , but not as large as the modern draft horse . During a jousting tournament, the horses were cared for by their grooms in their respective tents. They wore caparisons ,
260-579: A carousel in his Mechanical Museum in London, where gentry and nobility liked to gather on winter evenings. The horses "floated free over a pole". It was connected to a "big musical instrument that played a fully orchestrated concerto" and from the first note, the carousel would start turning while each horse would make a galloping movement with a visitor riding on its back. Merlin did not patent his inventions and engineers were allowed to come to create their own models of his creations. Viewed from above, and from
325-413: A cheval, cinq coups d'épée, cinq coups de dague et cinq coups de hache ). Later it could be as high as ten or even twelve. In the 1387 encounter, the first four courses of the joust were run without decisive outcome, but in the fifth Sir Thomas was unhorsed and lost consciousness. He was revived, however, and all the strokes and blows could be duly exchanged, without any further injury. On another instance,
390-585: A distinct piece of playground equipment . The modern carousel emerged from early jousting traditions in Europe and the Middle East . Knights would gallop in a circle while tossing balls from one to another; an activity that required great skill and horsemanship. This game was introduced to Europe at the time of the Crusades from earlier Byzantine and Arab traditions. The word carousel originated from
455-464: A joust, described as follows: When they had taken their stations, they gave to each of them a spear, and the tilt began; but neither of them struck the other, from the mettlesomeness of their horses. They hit the second onset, but it was by darting their spears. The meeting was then adjourned, and continued on the next day. They met each other roughly with spears, and the French squire tilted much to
520-498: A limited revival of theatrical jousting re-enactment since the 1970s. The medieval joust has its origins in the military tactics of heavy cavalry during the High Middle Ages . By the 14th century, many members of the nobility, including kings, had taken up jousting to showcase their own courage, skill and talents, and the sport proved just as dangerous for a king as a knight, and from the 15th century on, jousting became
585-531: A meeting with sharp lances was arranged to take place near Nantes , under the auspices of the Constable of France and the Earl of Buckingham. The first encounter was a combat on foot, with sharp spears, in which one of the cavaliers was slightly wounded; the pair then ran three courses with the lance without further mishap. Next Sir John Ambreticourt of Hainault and Sir Tristram de la Jaille of Poitou advanced from
650-478: A position guide for the bottom of the pole and as a place for people to walk or other stationary animals or chariots to be placed. He called this ride the 'Platform Gallopers'. He also developed the 'platform-slide' which allowed the mounts to swing out concentrically as the carousel built up speed. Fairground organs (band organs) were often present (if not built-in) when these machines operated. Eventually electric motors were installed and electric lights added, giving
715-399: A position of advantage, seeking to gain honour by fighting against the odds. This romanticised "chivalric revival" was based on the chivalric romances of the high medieval period, which noblemen tried to "reenact" in real life, sometimes blurring the lines of reality and fiction. The development of the term knight ( chevalier ) dates to this period. Before the 12th century, cniht was
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#1732797955600780-410: A roundabout with boats that would pitch and roll on cranks with a circular motion, a ride he called 'Sea-on-Land'. Savage applied a similar innovation to the more traditional mount of the horse; he installed gears and offset cranks on the platform carousels, thus giving the animals their well-known up-and-down motion as they travelled around the centre pole – the galloping horse. The platform served as
845-410: A sport ( hastilude ) without direct relevance to warfare. From the 11th to 14th centuries when medieval jousting was still practised in connection with the use of the lance in warfare, armour evolved from mail (with a solid, heavy helmet, called a " great helm ", and shield) to plate armour. By 1400, knights wore full suits of plate armour , called a "harness" (Clephan 28–29). In this early period,
910-454: A term for "boyhood, youth") came to be used as a junior rank of nobility. By the later 14th century, the term became romanticised for the ideal of the young nobleman seeking to prove himself in honourable exploits, the knight-errant , which among other things encompassed the pas d'armes , including the joust. By the 15th century, "knightly" virtues were sought by the noble classes even of ranks much senior than "knight". The iconic association of
975-421: A term for a servant. In the 12th century, it became used of a military follower in particular. Also in the 12th century, a special class of noblemen serving in cavalry developed, known as milites nobiles . By the end of the 13th century, chivalry ( chyualerye ) was used not just in the technical sense of "cavalry", but for martial virtue in general. It was only after 1300 that knighthood ( kniȝthod , originally
1040-428: A type of ornamental cloth featuring the owner's heraldic signs . Competing horses had their heads protected by a chanfron , an iron shield for protection from otherwise lethal lance hits. Other forms of equipment on the horse included long-necked spurs that enabled the rider to control the horse with extended legs, a saddle with a high back to provide leverage during the charge or when hit, as well as stirrups for
1105-465: Is a medieval and renaissance martial game or hastilude between two combatants either on horse or on foot. The joust became an iconic characteristic of the knight in Romantic medievalism . The term is derived from Old French joster , ultimately from Latin iuxtare "to approach, to meet". The word was loaned into Middle English around 1300, when jousting was a very popular sport among
1170-666: Is located in the Efteling (Themepark). In 1955 the Efteling bought the ride for ƒ 15.475,-. (Gulden) from the Janvier family. It reopened in 1956. Originally, the price for a ticket to make a ride, was only 5 cents. Before the purchase by the Efteling, the Stoomcarrousel was named is 'Stoomcaroussel' . (1 r & 2 s') Contains: 22 Horses, 4 Coaching's, 2 Pigs & 2 clowns. Music played by: 1 Gavioli organ Engine: Fam. König, Swalmen, Carousel Jousting Jousting
1235-656: Is presented in the 2012 television show Full Metal Jousting , hosted by Adams. The rules are inspired by Realgestech (also Plankengestech ), one of the forms of stechen practised in 16th-century Germany, where reinforcing pieces were added to the jousting armour to serve as designated target areas. Instead of using a shield, the jousters aim for such a reinforcing piece added to the armour's left shoulder known as Brechschild (also Stechtartsche ). A number of jousting events are held regularly in Europe, some organised by Arne Koets , including The Grand Tournament of Sankt Wendel and The Grand Tournament at Schaffhausen . Koets
1300-521: The Rennzeug , the shield was attached to the armour with a mechanism of springs and would detach itself upon contact. In France, the death of King Henry II in 1559 from wounds suffered in a tournament led to the end of jousting as a sport. The tilt continued through Henry VIII and onto the reign of Elizabeth I. Under her rule, tournaments were seen as more of a parade or show than an actual martial exercise. The last Elizabethan Accession Day tilt
1365-469: The "knight" stock-character with the joust is thus historical, but develops only at the end of the Middle Ages. The Chronicles of Froissart , written during the 1390s, and covering the period of 1327 to 1400, contain many details concerning jousting in this era. The combat was now expected to be non-lethal, and it was unnecessary to incapacitate the opponent, who was expected to honourably yield to
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#17327979556001430-656: The Anglo-Norman knighthood. The synonym tilt (as in tilting at windmills ) dates c. 1510 . Jousting on horse is based on the military use of the lance by heavy cavalry. It transformed into a specialized sport during the Late Middle Ages , and remained popular with the nobility in England and Wales , Germany and other parts of Europe throughout the whole of the 16th century (while in France, it
1495-600: The Broad Ripple Park Carousel is in Indianapolis. [REDACTED] Media related to Dentzel Carousel at Logansport at Wikimedia Commons Carousel A carousel or carrousel (mainly North American English ), merry-go-round ( international ), Galloper ( international ) or roundabout ( British English ) is a type of amusement ride consisting of a rotating circular platform with seats for riders. The "seats" are traditionally in
1560-517: The horse armour more than a functional suit of armour. Such forms of sportive equipment during the final phase of the joust in 16th-century Germany gave rise to modern misconceptions about the heaviness or clumsiness of "medieval armour", as notably popularised by Mark Twain 's A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court . The extremely heavy helmets of the Stechzeug are explained by
1625-713: The 18th century. Ring tournaments were introduced into North America, and jousting continues as the state sport of Maryland. One attempt to revive the joust was the Eglinton Tournament of 1839 . Jousting reenactors have been active since the 1970s. A more popular modern-day jousting show took place in 1972 at the Principality of Gwrych in North Wales near Abergele . Various companies, such as Knights Limited, held organized shows with anywhere between five and fifty actors present. Between 1980 and 1982,
1690-712: The Danish museum Middelaldercentret , daily jousting tournaments are held during the season. The Knights of Valour was a theatrical jousting group formed by Shane Adams in 1993. Members of this group began to practice jousting competitively, and their first tournament was held in 1997. Adams founded the World Championship Jousting Association (WCJA) as a body dedicated to jousting as a combat sport , which held its inaugural tournament in Port Elgin, Ontario on 24 July 1999. The sport
1755-502: The Italian Carosella and Spanish Carosella ("little battle", used by crusaders to describe a combat preparation exercise and game played by Turkish and Arabian horsemen in the 12th century). This early device was essentially a cavalry training mechanism; it prepared and strengthened the riders for actual combat as they wielded their swords at the mock enemies. By the 17th century, balls were no longer used, and instead,
1820-663: The Little England theme park in Orlando, Florida was planned to become a jousting stadium, ultimately being cancelled due to high interest rates. Other companies such as Medieval Times include this sport in its dinner show. Jousting shows are also held seasonally at Warwick Castle and Hever Castle in England. Groups like the Knights of Royal England travel around Britain and Europe staging medieval jousting tournaments. At
1885-417: The aim of incapacitating their adversaries for the sake of gaining their horses, arms and ransoms. With the development of the courtly ideals of chivalry in the late medieval period, the joust became more regulated. This tendency is also reflected in the pas d'armes in general. It was now considered dishonourable to exploit an opponent's disadvantage, and knights would pay close attention to avoid being in
1950-432: The bridge. Suero and his men swore to "break 300 lances" before moving on. The men fought for over a month, and after 166 battles Suero and his men were so injured they could not continue and declared the mission complete. During the 1490s, emperor Maximilian I invested much effort into perfecting the sport, for which he received his nickname of "The Last Knight". Rennen and Stechen were two sportive forms of
2015-644: The carousel in America was the early 20th century, with large machines and elaborate animals, chariots, and decorations being built. The National Carousel Association maintains a list of Historic Carousel Award winners, primarily focused on carousels in Canada and America. The 'Vermolen Boden Carousel' in the Efteling dates back to 1865. It was originally turned by horses. At present it is turned by an electric motor. [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Today this old stoomcarrousel
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2080-414: The carousel its classic look. These mechanical innovations came at a crucial time, when increased prosperity meant that more people had time for leisure and spare money to spend on entertainment. It was in this historical context that the modern fairground ride was born, with Savage supplying this new market demand. In his 1902 Catalogue for Roundabouts he claimed to have "... patented and placed upon
2145-606: The carousel was then moved to Logansport, where it operated in Spencer Park for many years. In 1949 it was moved to Riverside Park, and in 1972 it was purchased by the non-profit Cass County Carousel. In 1993 it underwent a complete restoration, in which its original paint job was restored. Two other existing Dentzel Carousel Company carousels are also declared National Historic Landmarks. The Highland Park Dentzel Carousel and Shelter Building survives in Mississippi and
2210-483: The case of the 1380 duel between Gauvain Micaille and Joachim Cator. Jousting lances are modified from their original war form for sports and entertainment. For warfare, lances are made of metal, but jousting lances are made of wood and tipped with metal, which allows them to break on impact with the opponent's shield. The lance is typically constructed from 1.25-or-1.5-inch-thick (3.2 or 3.8 cm) wood, depending on
2275-534: The children. Another kind of carousel emerged in the 17th century in Belgium and France to celebrate special events. This was a ceremonial parade of knights and noblemen on horseback around a courtyard, accompanied by tournaments and various equestrian demonstrations and games, including the spearing of cardboard heads of "Moors" and "Saracens". The most famous carousel of this kind was held by Louis XIV in June 1662, in
2340-608: The courtyard of the Tuileries Palace , to celebrate the birth of his son and heir. The site of the event, next to the Louvre, is still known as "the Carrousel". By the early 18th century carousels were being built and operated at various fairs and gatherings in central Europe and England. Animals and mechanisms would be crafted during the winter months and the family and workers would go touring in their wagon train through
2405-476: The dominant fighter. The combat was divided into rounds of three encounters with various weapons, of which the joust proper was one. During this time, the joust detached itself from the reality on the battlefield and became a chivalric sport. Knights would seek opportunities to duel opponents from the hostile camp for honour off the battlefield. As an example, Froissart records that, during a campaign in Beauce in
2470-502: The fact that the aim was to detach the crest of the opponent's helmet, resulting in frequent full impact of the lance to the helmet. By contrast, the Rennen was a type of joust with lighter contact. Here, the aim was to hit the opponent's shield. The specialised Rennzeug was developed on the request of Maximilian, who desired a return to a more agile form of joust compared to the heavily armoured "full contact" Stechen . In
2535-632: The form of rows of wooden horses or other animals mounted on posts, many of which are moved up and down by gears to simulate galloping , to the accompaniment of looped circus music . Carousels are commonly populated with horses, each horse weighing roughly 100 lbs (45 kg), but may include a variety of mounts, for example pigs, zebras, tigers, or mythological creatures such as dragons or unicorns . Sometimes, chair -like or bench-like seats are used, and occasionally mounts can be shaped like aeroplanes or cars. The names carousel and merry-go-round are also used, in varying dialects, to refer to
2600-411: The joust developed during the 15th century and practised throughout the 16th century. The armours used for these two respective styles of the joust were known as Rennzeug and Stechzeug , respectively. The Stechzeug in particular developed into extremely heavy armour which completely inhibited the movement of the rider, in its latest forms resembling an armour-shaped cabin integrated into
2665-499: The jousting with lances. At some point in the 14th century, a cloth barrier was introduced as an option to separate the contestants. This barrier was presumably known as tilt in Middle English (a term with an original meaning of "a cloth covering"). It became a wooden barrier or fence in the 15th century, now known as "tilt barrier", and "tilt" came to be used as a term for the joust itself by c. 1510 . The purpose of
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2730-447: The lance, to give three blows with the battle axe, and three strokes with the dagger. Now look, you English, if there be none among you in love. The challenge was answered by a squire named Joachim Cator, who said "I will deliver him from his vow: let him make haste and come out of the castle." Micaille came to meet his opponent with attendants carrying three lances, three battle-axes, three swords and three daggers. The duel began with
2795-538: The market all the principal novelties that have delighted the many thousands of pleasure seekers at home and abroad." In the United States , the carousel industry was developed by immigrants, notably Gustav Dentzel of Germany and Charles W.F. Dare from England, from the late 19th century. Several centres and styles for the construction of carousels emerged in the United States: The golden age of
2860-463: The necessary leverage to deliver blows with the lance. From 10 July to 9 August 1434, the Leonese knight Suero de Quiñones and ten of his companions encamped in a field beside a bridge and challenged each knight who wished to cross it to a joust. This road was used by pilgrims all over Europe on the way to a shrine at Santiago de Compostela, and at this time of the summer, many thousands would cross
2925-518: The operator or by ponies. In mid-19th-century England, the carousel became a popular fixture at fairs . The first steam-powered mechanical roundabout, invented by Thomas Bradshaw, appeared at the Pot Market fair in Bolton in about 1861. It was described by a Halifax Courier journalist as "a roundabout of huge proportions, driven by a steam engine which whirled around with such impetuosity, that
2990-432: The opponent and direct force into the impact. Specialised jousting armour was produced in the late 15th to 16th century. It was heavier than suits of plate armour intended for combat, and could weigh as much as 50 kg (110 lb), compared to some 25 kg (55 lb) for field armour; as it did not need to permit free movement of the wearer, the only limiting factor was the maximum weight that could be carried by
3055-401: The progression of a joust. Instead of the sharp tip of war lances, a jousting lance has a blunt tip with a wider impact surface, putting more force into the impact on the shield rather than impaling the opponent. The tip of the lance is made of metal and is usually in the shape of a fist or three prongs flayed out from the center. The three-pronged tip allows for the lance to lock on the shield of
3120-454: The ranks and jousted three courses, without hurt. A duel followed between Edward Beauchamp, son of Sir Robert Beauchamp, and the bastard Clarius de Savoye. Clarius was much the stronger man of the two, and Beauchamp was unhorsed. The bastard then offered to fight another English champion, and an esquire named Jannequin Finchly came forward in answer to the call; the combat with swords and lances
3185-577: The recipient of the brass ring is awarded a free ride. The organ and power plant (electric now, but originally steam) are of uncertain provenance, and may not be original. The exact construction date of the carousel is not known. It has been estimated to have been built c. 1900-1903, but may be older. It was apparently built for the Fort Wayne Consolidated Railway Company, which operated Robison Park, an amusement park outside Fort Wayne . The park closed in 1919, and
3250-505: The region, operating their large menagerie carousel at various venues. Makers included Heyn in Germany and Bayol in France . These early carousels had no platforms; the animals would hang from chains and fly out from the centrifugal force of the spinning mechanism. They were often powered by animals walking in a circle or people pulling a rope or cranking. By 1803 John Joseph Merlin had
3315-565: The riders had to spear small rings that were hanging from poles overhead and rip them off. Cavalry spectacles that replaced medieval jousting , such as the ring tilt, were popular in Italy and France . The game began to be played by commoners, and carousels soon sprung up at fairgrounds across Europe. At the Place du Carrousel in Paris , an early make-believe carousel was set up with wooden horses for
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#17327979556003380-632: The riders' point of view, in the United Kingdom , merry-go-rounds, called "gallopers" by the showmen community when populated by model horses, usually turn from the left to the right or clockwise (from the outside, or from the spectators' point of view, animals face to the left and the carousel apparently turns from the right to the left, the spectators' sense of clockwise ), while in North America and Mainland Europe , carousels typically go counterclockwise , that is, from right to left (from
3445-537: The satisfaction of the earl: but the Englishman kept his spear too low, and at last struck it into the thigh of the Frenchman. The earl of Buckingham as well as the other lords were much enraged by this, and said it was tilting dishonorably; but he excused himself, by declaring it as solely owing to the restiveness of his horse. In spite of the French squire's injury, the duel was continued with three thrusts with
3510-400: The spectators' point of view, animals face to the right and the carousel is seen as turning from left to right, the spectators' sense of counterclockwise). By the mid-19th century, the platform carousel was developed; the animals and chariots were fixed to a circular floor that would suspend from a centre pole and rotate around. These carousels were called dobbies and were operated manually by
3575-472: The sword. After this, the encounter was stopped because of the Micaille's loss of blood. He was given leave to rejoin his garrison with a reward of a hundred francs by the earl of Buckingham, who stated that he had acquitted himself much to his satisfaction. Froissart describes a tournament at Cambray in 1385, held on the marriage of the Count d'Ostrevant to the daughter of Duke Philip of Burgundy. The tournament
3640-613: The tilt barrier was to prevent collisions and to keep the combatants at an optimal angle for breaking the lance. This greatly facilitated the control of the horse and allowed the rider to concentrate on aiming the lance. The introduction of the barrier seems to have originated in the south, as it only became a standard feature of jousting in Germany in the 16th century, and was there called the Italian or " welsch " mode. Dedicated tilt-yards with such barriers were built in England from
3705-407: The time of Henry VIII . A knightly duel in this period usually consisted in three courses of jousting, and three blows and strokes exchanged with battle-axes, swords, and daggers. This number tended to be extended towards the end of the century, until the most common number was five, as in the duel between Sir Thomas Harpenden and Messire Jean des Barres, at Montereau sur Yonne in 1387 ( cinq lances
3770-539: The wonder is the daring riders are not shot off like cannonball, and driven half into the middle of next month." Soon afterwards, English engineer Frederick Savage began to branch out of agricultural machinery production into the construction of fairground machines, swiftly becoming the chief innovator in the field. Savage's fairground machinery was exported all over the world. By 1870, he was manufacturing carousels with Velocipedes (an early type of bicycle) and he soon began experimenting with other possibilities, including
3835-631: The year 1380, a squire of the garrison of Toury castle named Gauvain Micaille (Michaille)—also mentioned in the Chronique du bon duc Loys de Bourbon as wounded in 1382 at Roosebeke , and again in 1386; in 1399 was in the service of the duke of Bourbon —yelled out to the English, Is there among you any gentleman who for the love of his lady is willing to try with me some feat of arms? If there should be any such, here I am, quite ready to sally forth completely armed and mounted, to tilt three courses with
3900-489: Was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1987. The carousel is now located in the playground area of Logansport's Riverside Park, in a utilitarian multisided building. It is 42 feet (13 m) in diameter, with animals arrayed three abreast on its sixteen spreading platforms. The animals depicted include deer, giraffes, a lion and a tiger, and a variety of horses. There are four two-seat chariots. The carousel includes its original mechanism for dispensing rings, in which
3965-503: Was discontinued after the death of King Henry II in an accident in 1559). In England, jousting was the highlight of the Accession Day tilts of Elizabeth I and of James VI and I , and also was part of the festivities at the marriage of Charles I . Jousting was discontinued in favour of other equestrian sports in the 17th century, although non-contact forms of " equestrian skill-at-arms " disciplines survived. There has been
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#17327979556004030-532: Was held in November 1602; Elizabeth died the following spring. Tilts continued as part of festivities marking the Accession Day of James I , 24 March, until 1624, the year before his death. In the early 17th century, the joust was replaced as the equine highlight of court festivities by large "horse-ballet" displays called carousels , although non-combat competitions such as the ring-tilt lasted until
4095-522: Was held in the market-place of the town, and forty knights took part. The king jousted with a knight of Hainault , Sir John Destrenne, for the prize of a clasp of precious stones, taken off from the bosom of the Duchess of Burgundy; it was won by Sir Destrenne, and formally presented by the Admiral of France and Sir Guy de la Trimouille. The lists , or list field , was the arena where a jousting event
4160-485: Was held. More precisely, it was the roped-off enclosure where tournament fighting took place. In the late medieval period, castles and palaces were augmented by purpose-built tiltyards as a venue for "jousting tournaments". Training for such activities included the use of special equipment, of which the best-known was the quintain . The medieval joust took place on an open field. Indeed, the term joust meant "a meeting" and referred to arranged combat in general, not just
4225-476: Was very violent, but neither of the parties was hurt. Another encounter took place between John de Chatelmorant and Jannequin Clinton, in which the Englishman was unhorsed. Finally Chatelmorant fought with Sir William Farrington, the former receiving a dangerous wound in the thigh, for which the Englishman was greatly blamed, as being an infraction of the rules of the tourney, but an accident was pleaded just as in
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