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43-501: The Spodek hosts many important cultural and business events. Music concerts are especially common non-sport events. It can hold around 11,500 people, although this number is in practice limited to 10,000 or even 8,000 due to stage set-ups obscuring the view. Its Polish name refers to a flying saucer since its iconic shape resembles a UFO . Spodek is a major contribution to the cultural significance of Katowice in Poland, especially for

86-530: A trance -like psychological state in some audience members, and beyond the music itself, functions as an entry point to achieve an altered state of consciousness . Vocalists and other musicians (if their instrument permits this) will often dance or strut on stage as they perform, and the audience will often dance or sway in response (space permitting); this can also be considered a manifestation of crowd psychology . Tour promoter Tour promoters (also known as concert promoters or talent buyers) are

129-412: A Media or Promotional Kit, commonly include television and radio advertisements , posters , newspaper and magazine adverts, online marketing and so on. There are no figures available concerning how much an average concert promoter makes annually. Like most music industry professions, compensation depends on the level of success possessed by the artist the promoter works with, location, and what

172-406: A concert include show and gig . Regardless of the venue, musicians usually perform on a stage (if not actual then an area of the floor designated as such). Concerts often require live event support with professional audio equipment. Before recorded music, concerts provided the main opportunity to hear musicians play. For large concerts or concert tours, the challenging logistics of arranging

215-528: A concert varies by musical genre , individual performers, and the venue. Concerts by a small jazz combo or small bluegrass band may have the same order of program, mood, and volume—but vary in music and dress. In a similar way, a particular musician, band, or genre of music might attract concert attendees with similar dress, hairstyle, and behavior. For example, concert goers in the 1960s often had long hair (sometimes in dread lock form), sandals and inexpensive clothing made of natural fibers. Regular attendees to

258-444: A concert venue might also have a recognizable style that comprises that venue's scene. A recital is a solo concerto , i.e. a concert by a soloist or small group which follows a program . It can highlight a single performer, sometimes accompanied by piano , or a performance of the works of a single composer , or a single instrument ( organ recital ). The invention of the solo piano recital has been attributed to Franz Liszt . Also,

301-408: A given market will bear. The promoter assumes all the financial risk in putting on a show, so compensation also depends on how successful the promoter is at negotiating with vendors and creating sold-out shows. Additionally, in-depth knowledge of their operating market and audience characteristics are critical success factors for any tour promoter. The rise of large corporation mega-promoters over

344-415: A greater number of artists, especially those that last for multiple days, are known as festivals . Unlike other concerts, which typically remain in a single genre of music or work of a particular artist, festivals often cover a broad scope of music and arts. Due to their size, festivals are almost exclusively held outdoors. New platforms for festivals are becoming increasingly popular such as Jam Cruise, which

387-401: A high level over a long concert tour is associated with depression and substance abuse . In some concert settings, such as classical music, the audience participates passively. In other concert settings, especially folk or rock concerts, the performers encourage and engage with an active audience response. The intensity of the sound environment and the crush of the mass audience can induce

430-521: A man by the name of Thomas Britton held weekly concerts in Clerkenwell . However, these concerts were different. Before, there was an admission that people paid upon entering the building where the concert was held, but at Britton's concerts, patrons purchased a yearly subscription to come to the concerts. At 10 shillings a year, people could see as many concerts they wanted to. In addition to holding concerts at certain venues, concerts also went to

473-556: A network of new potential fans that artists, labels, agents, and managers could focus on for promotion. The major record labels have departments dedicated to college promotion and hire students as representatives for all the artists on these labels. Sony Music Entertainment has a college marketing department, which promotes records released by Sony and by their independent label affiliates. Other music marketing companies such as Cornerstone Promotion focus on college marketing. Cornerstone Promotion hires representatives from colleges all around

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516-605: A paying audience of 185,000 in Maracanã Stadium , Rio de Janeiro. Rod Stewart also holds the record for the biggest attendance in a free concert, with an estimated audience of 3.5 million during his 1994 New Year's Eve concert in Copacabana Beach , Rio de Janeiro. Many musicians performing in large venues or to a mass audience through electronic media experience stage fright or performance anxiety. The psychological stress of maintaining performance at

559-879: A recital may have many participants, as for a dance recital. A dance recital is a presentation of choreographed moves for an audience, usually in an established performing arts venue, possibly competitively . Some dance recitals are seasonal. Some performers or groups put on very elaborate and expensive shows. To create a memorable and exciting atmosphere and increase the spectacle, performers frequently include additional entertainment devices. These can include elaborate stage lighting , electronic imagery via (IMAG) system and/or pre-recorded video, inflatable sets, artwork or other set pieces, various special effects such as theatrical smoke and fog and pyrotechnics , and unusual costumes or wardrobe. Some singers , especially popular music, augment concert sound with pre-recorded accompaniment , back-up dancers, and even broadcast vocal tracks of

602-481: A single musician, sometimes then called a recital , or by a musical ensemble , such as an orchestra , choir , or band . Concerts are held in a wide variety and size of settings, from private houses and small nightclubs , dedicated concert halls , amphitheatres and parks , to large multipurpose buildings, such as arenas and stadiums . Indoor concerts held in the largest venues are sometimes called arena concerts or amphitheatre concerts . Informal names for

645-879: A supermarket in Warsaw with a roof made up of alternating arches and cables, many unique industrial roofs in Poland, two basketball arenas in Venezuela with hanging roofs, the structure of the National Museum of Art in Caracas , the Venezuelan Pavilion at the Seville 's Expo in 1992, and several bridges and roofs in South Korea . Concert A concert is a live music performance in front of an audience . The performance may be carried by

688-447: A variety of singers who are organized by a conductor or director. Rock concerts are those where rock musicians perform in front of audiences which may vary from small to huge stadium concerts. Mosh pits are often a feature of modern rock concerts. Rock concerts are often conducted at extremely high volume levels, near the threshold of hearing loss . There are a wide variety of concert venues that can range in size, location, and

731-657: Is a festival held on a cruise ship, as well as Mayan Holidaze, which is a destination festival held in Tulum . A concert tour is a series of concerts by an artist or group of artists in different cities, countries, or locations. Often concert tours are named, to differentiate different tours by the same artist and associate a specific tour with a particular album or product. Especially in the popular music world, such tours can become large-scale enterprises that last for several months or even years, are seen by hundreds of thousands or millions of people, and bring in millions of dollars, or

774-478: Is a small-scale orchestra containing between ten and forty members, mostly string instruments, and likely led by a conductor. Symphony orchestra, on the other hand, is a large-scale orchestra that can have up to eighty or more members, which is led by a conductor and is performed with instruments such as strings , woodwinds , brass instruments , and percussion . For choral style pieces, concerts include Choral music , Opera , and musical theater . Each encompassing

817-466: Is an uncovered circular or oval-shaped venue with tiers of seats surrounding the stage. Amphitheaters such as the well-known Red Rocks Amphitheatre , located in Colorado, hosts mainly rock and pop concerts. Rock and pop concerts, however, are mainly held in sports stadiums and arenas such as Madison Square Garden because of the tendency for these stadiums to have a larger capacity. Concerts involving

860-434: Is used to designate full occupancy by the audience of every seat or place at a venue. It also applies to theatrical productions and cinemas . As of 2017 , Italian singer Vasco Rossi holds the record for the biggest attendance of a ticketed concert with a total of 220,000 tickets sold for his show at Enzo Ferrari Park, Modena , Italy on 1 July 2017. The record was previously held by Paul McCartney 's 1990 concert with

903-530: The AFM Performance Agreement . Included among the tour promoter's various job responsibilities are: (1) obtaining venue , concert hall , theater , nightclub or arena bookings; (2) pricing the event or tour; and (3) providing air, sea or land transportation (optional). However the promoter must have upfront cash and or sponsorship financing to pay for advertising the tours of the artists. Such advertising costs, usually referred to as

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946-695: The English violinist John Banister . Over the next few centuries, concerts began to gain larger audiences, and classical symphonies were very popular. Finally, after World War 2, these events changed into the modern concerts that take place today. An example of an early, post-WW2 concert is the Moondog Coronation Ball . The first known occurrence of concerts where people are charged admission took place at violinist John Banister 's home in Whitefriars, London in 1672. 6 years later in 1678,

989-503: The Voivodeship National Council decided it should be built near the city center. A mining waste dump site classified "2A" was chosen for construction. The classification "2A" indicated medium mining damage with a possibility of local cave-ins. While excavating the foundations, the workers dug through coal instead of soil. Soon after construction began, rumors of design flaws in the new building spread, including

1032-518: The company to compete directly with its longtime contractor, Ticketmaster . Live Nation, the largest concert promoter, and Ticketmaster Entertainment, the No. 1 ticket seller, announced merger on February 10, 2009. Then on January 25, 2010 the U.S. Department of Justice approved the merger with terms that include that Ticketmaster sell Paciolan, its ticketing and software services unit, to Comcast's sports and entertainment firm or "another buyer suitable to

1075-402: The country to implement small scale marketing campaigns on their campuses. Artists began breaking into the college market in the 1990s. Billboard Magazine published articles dating back to the early-mid nineties urging artists and agents to take advantage of the college market. Artists such as Dave Matthews Band and R.E.M. played college shows to increase their presence in the college market in

1118-610: The department." Ticketmaster must also license its software to Anschutz Entertainment Group (AEG), the company's largest customer. With a copy of the Ticketmaster software, AEG will be able to market an attractive ticketing system to venues, according to the DOJ; under the settlement terms, both companies will be able to compete head-to-head with Ticketmaster. Colleges can provide "dedicated fans, an excellent testing ground, eager workers, [and] loyal fans." The college market provides

1161-415: The equivalent, in ticket revenues. A concert residency or musical residency is a series of live music concerts similar to a concert tour , but only performed at one location. While admission to some concerts is free, it is common practice to charge money for concerts by selling admission tickets. Before the advent of recorded-music sales and mechanical royalties in the early 20th century, concerts were

1204-554: The forefront in all marketing material for the Warped Tour . Concessions and merchandise are also often sold during and after concerts; often by the venue in the case of the former, and by the performing band or artist in the case of the latter. The global live music industry revenue stood at 28.6 billion U.S. dollars in 2023. Taylor Swift’s The Eras Tour in 2023 was record-breaking, generating $ 1.04 billion in revenue, averaging $ 17.3 million per show. The term "full house"

1247-517: The individuals or companies responsible for organizing a live concert tour or special event performance. The tour promoter makes an offer of engagement to a particular artist, usually through the artist's agent or music manager . The promoter and agent then negotiate the live performance contract . The majority of live performance contracts are drawn up using the American Federation of Musicians (AFM) standard contract format known as

1290-572: The likes of Haydn and Mozart was brought and performed in English concerts. One notable work from Haydn performed at these concerts was his set of 12 symphonies, also referred to as the London Symphonies . Concerts reflecting the elegance of England during the time period were held at the gardens of Vauxhall , Ranelagh, and Marylebone . The musical repertoire performed at these events ranged from works composed by young Mozart, to songs that were popular in that time period. The nature of

1333-407: The musicians, venue, equipment and audience (ticket sales) are handled by professional tour promoters . While the first concerts did not officially appear until the late 17th century, similar gatherings had been around throughout the 17th century at several European universities, such as Oxford and Cambridge . Officially, though, the first public concerts that required an admission were created by

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1376-501: The nineties. Billboard Magazine has emphasized the extent to which college concerts can help an artist in multiple articles. There are numerous degree programs and academic courses focusing on concert promotion and venue management. Some of these are full degree programs, while others are certificates offered for post-graduate studies. For example, New York University offers a Certificate in Meeting, Conference, and Event Management, and

1419-498: The past ten years has made it much more difficult for aspiring tour promoters to break into the industry. Live Nation (previously known as Clear Channel Entertainment ) is the number one concert promoter in the world according to figures released by Pollstar Magazine in 2006. The Beverly Hills, California -based corporation accounted for about $ 1.3 billion in concert box-office sales during 2005, according to Billboard magazine 's tracking. Anschutz Entertainment Group ( AEG Live )

1462-595: The people. In 17th century France, concerts were performed in the homes of the nobility, for only the nobility. Organized by Anne Danican Philidor , the first public concerts in France, and arguably the world, were the Concerts Spirituels . These concerts were held on religious holidays when the Opera was closed and served as a model for concert societies all over the world. In the late 18th century, music from

1505-599: The primary source of revenue for musicians. Revenue from ticket sales typically goes to the performing artists, producers, venue, organizers and the brokers. In the case of benefit concerts , a portion of profits often go towards a charitable organization . Additional revenue is also often raised through in-concert advertising, from free local concerts for local sponsorships to sponsorships from corporations during major tours e.g. 2009's " Vans' Warped Tour Presented by AT&T ". Both Vans and AT&T would have paid significant amounts to have their company names included at

1548-409: The rumour that the dome would collapse when the scaffolding was removed. Because of this, in 1964, construction was halted for 18 months. Spodek's architects and chief engineers were present in the dome when the supports were dismantled as a statement against those rumors. Before opening the building to the public, as an endurance test, 3,500 soldiers marched throughout the hall; the vibration measurement

1591-536: The same concerts or sporting events available – sometimes at many times the face value – on secondary sellers like Stubhub.com and TicketsNow minutes after the public sale began. After hearing from some would-be ticket buyers, the Missouri attorney general announced the state was suing three ticket resellers on charges they violated state consumer protection laws. That same day, the Arkansas attorney general said he

1634-479: The singer's own voice. Activities during these concerts can include dancing , sing-alongs, and moshing . Classical concerts embody two different styles of classical music — orchestral and choral. They are performed by a plethora of different groups in concert halls or other performing art venues. For orchestra , depending on the number of performers and the instruments used, concerts include chamber music , chamber orchestra, or symphony orchestra. Chamber orchestra

1677-474: The type of music that is hosted at that particular venue. A concert hall is a concert venue which hosts mainly classical music such as a symphony, and they are often a part of a larger performing arts center . One of the most famous concert halls is Royal Albert Hall located in the United Kingdom. This venue hosts a wide variety of genres of music from classical concerts to pop concerts. An amphitheater

1720-475: The younger generations. It has also been used as an unofficial logo for the city on posters promoting redevelopment in Katowice. Moreover, Spodek is home to ice hockey clubs in the winter months. The idea of building a large venue originated in 1955, while Katowice was temporarily renamed Stalinogród. A contest was held to select the best design. Initially, it was to be constructed on the outskirts of town, but

1763-494: Was positive. Architects Maciej Gintowt and Maciej Krasiński designed the Spodek to employ the principle of tensegrity , as one of the first major structures to do so. For the roof they used an inclined surface held in check by a system of cables holding up its circumference . The structural engineer who conceived the unique tensegrity roof and made it work was Wacław Zalewski . His innovative structures included Supersam ,

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1806-498: Was ranked second with $ 417 million, followed by House of Blues (HOB Entertainment) at number three with $ 245 million. On July 5, 2006, Live Nation purchased HOB Entertainment for $ 350 million, further expanding their market share in the live-music business. While average ticket prices jumped to roughly $ 57 in 2005, the number of tickets sold for the 100 biggest tours dipped 3.5%, to 36.3 million. Some fans have complained to government officials, particularly after they found tickets to

1849-535: Was seeking documents from five resellers. And the attorney general's office in Pennsylvania is also looking into the ticket sale business after receiving several hundred complaints over the recent sale of tickets for a Hannah Montana concert in Pittsburgh. On December 21, 2007, Live Nation announced it would acquire the software and services to ramp up its ticket-selling operation, potentially positioning

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