38-589: Sri Lankan Malay , also known as Sri Lankan Creole Malay , bahasa Melayu , Ja basawa , or Java mozhi , is a Malay-based creole language spoken in Sri Lanka , formed as a mixture of Sinhala and Shonam ( Sri Lankan Muslim Tamil ), with Malay being the major lexifier . It is traditionally spoken by the Sri Lankan Malays , Javanese Sri Lankans , and among some Sinhalese in Hambantota . Today,
76-409: A default dialect or neutral language when communicating with people from other tribes or ethnicities whom do not share the same local language to the native local speakers in those three provinces. It appears that Makassar Malay also used as the first language of younger generation who live in the cities or regencies' capital across those three provinces. Furthermore, apart from those three provinces in
114-733: A good book.' As in Tamil, accusative tends to mark definiteness in SLM. Inni This kendera-yaƞ chair- ACC bapi takes.go Inni kendera-yaƞ bapi This chair-ACC takes.go 'Take this chair away.' A direct influence of Sinhala is seen in Ablative syncretism marker (to indicate source) -riƞ . Market-riƞ market- ABL ais-tra ice- NEG baaru new ikkaƞ fish billi buy bawa bring Market-riƞ ais-tra baaru ikkaƞ billi bawa market-ABL ice-NEG new fish buy bring Get me some fresh fish from
152-685: A local trade or creole-based mixed language. There are a large number of native speakers in urban areas, mainly children who have it as first or second native language. There are also some speakers in the southernmost parts of the Philippines, particularly in the Sulu Archipelago as a trade language, also spoken in south Palawan. There are loanwords from Dusun , Tausug , Sama-Bajau languages , Chabacano , Brunei Malay , Indonesian , standard Malaysian as well as other ethnic native languages of Sabah & North Kalimantan. Makassar Malay
190-571: A number of its speakers, this language was originally a pidgin language (Bloomfield, 1933; Hall, 1966). Then, in its development, this pidgin language became a creole language which was used in wider social interactions in society (Todd, 1974:50). Due to the long historical presence of the Portuguese in East Timor, several Dili Malay loanwords originate from Portuguese and Tetum , with little influences from other native languages. Gorap
228-482: A phonetical alphabet, would be better suited for writing Malay as it would better capture Malay pronunciation. Much studies have not been done on the particular variety of SLM but there are debates that SLM is endangered. “ Much work remains to be done on the various varieties of SLM”. In Colombo community, parents encourage their children to speak in English therefore SLM is endangered in that community . Concerning
266-554: Is a Malay-based creole language predominantly spoken by Gorap ( Bobaneigo ) ethnic group, indigenous to western and northern regions of the Indonesian island of Halmahera . It shares vocabulary with other Papuan languages and some of languages spoken in Sulawesi, such as Buginese and Cia-Cia . Roughly around 60 out of 200 attested words in this language were indicated sharing vocabulary with those languages. Sula Malay
304-641: Is a creole-based mixed language, which is built of Bazaar Malay lexicon, Makassarese inflections, and mixed Malay/Makassarese syntax. It is now widely spoken as the first language in Makassar City and its surrounding areas, especially those who were born after 1980's. It has widely spread to the entire region in southern part of Sulawesi island, including in the provinces of Sulawesi Selatan, Sulawesi Tenggara, and Sulawesi Barat as regional lingua franca or as second language due to contact or doing business with people from Makassar City. Makassar Malay used as
342-580: Is a distinct variant of Moluccan Malay, spoken in Banda Islands , Maluku . Significantly different from Ambonese Malay and for Ambonese, Banda Malay tends to be perceived as sounding funny due to its unique features. Example : Dili Malay is a variety of trade Malay spoken in Dili , Timor Leste especially in the Kampung Alor area. According to experts, before becoming the mother tongue of
380-550: Is a lingua franca in interethnic communication, it is also used in intra-group communication. Singapore Bazaar Malay is mostly spoken by elders and middle-aged workers today, but its language status is declining due to education policies and language campaigns with less than 10,000 speakers. Bazaar Malay is used in a limited extent in Singapore and Malaysia, mostly among the older generation or people with no working knowledge of English. The most important reason that contributed to
418-583: Is a mixture of three languages: Indonesian (national language), a local language and Chinese elements (ancestry/ethnic language, particularly for certain jargon or glossary such as family relations, business and commerce, and culinary fields). The most famous variety is found in East Java, especially in Surabaya and surrounding areas, called Basa Suroboyoan (Surabayan language), with a strong emphasis of low Javanese （ ngoko Javanese) and informal tone, which
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#1732766024466456-530: Is a variety of Malay-based creole language which is generally used by multiethnic society in Sula Islands and Taliabu Island in the southwest part of North Maluku . The Sula Malay is heavily influenced by other languages, This can be found in loan words originating from Ambonese Malay and Dutch language can be found in Sula Malay. Some contraction vocabulary can also be found in this language, as
494-493: Is achieved by the SLM community due to contact with the larger group of Tamil and the majority of Sinhalese speakers because Sinhala and Tamil were adstrates . Therefore, the restructuring process that occurs in SLM has several grammatical categories that are absent from other Malay varieties, but are found in both Sinhala and Tamil . Considering that mixed languages typically show lexical items predominantly from one source, and grammatical material predominantly from another,
532-580: Is mostly spoken among the older populations. In 1986, Pakir estimated there were 5,000 speakers in Singapore. A Baba Indonesian variant is also spoken in East Java . Example (spoken in Melaka-Singapore): A kind of Baba Malay , locally called Peranakan from the ethnonym, is spoken among Chinese-Indonesians living in various regions of Indonesia, most visibly in Surabaya and Medan. It
570-811: Is not only spoken by Chinese-Indonesian in Surabaya, but also by non-Chinese-Indonesians when conversing with the former. Example (spoken in Surabaya ): Apart from East Javan Chinese-Indonesian, other Chinese-Indonesians tend to speak the language varieties of the places in which they live, such as the Central Javan Chinese-Indonesian can speak with formal/high Javanese ( krama Javanese) when necessary, while in daily conversation they will use Indonesia-Javanese-Chinese pidgin. West Javan Chinese-Indonesians tend to mix Sundanese in their vocabulary, and Medan (North Sumatran) Chinese-Indonesian have more Hokkien words mixed in. Betawi , also known as Betawi Malay, Jakartan Malay, or Batavian Malay,
608-633: Is of higher status due to its closeness to archaic Malay, others claim that Malay of Slave Island is more vibrant in its evolution, especially in its use of slang which has even been adopted by the Moors. A result of this variation within spoken SLM is a call for standardisation in the written variety, following Bahasa Kumpulan (standardised Malay in Malaysia and Indonesia). Malays who first arrived in Sri Lanka, keeping with their customs and practices, used
646-530: Is spoken in the Central (Kandy), Southern (Hambantota and Kirinde), and Western (Slave Island) provinces of the country. The Malay population living in Kinniya and Mutur no longer speak Malay and have resorted to either Sri Lankan Tamil or Sri Lankan Moor Tamil. The majority of the speakers today reside in northern Colombo . The exact number of speakers is unknown and there are no linguistic statistics available on
684-548: Is the spoken language of the Betawi people in Jakarta , Indonesia . It is the native language of perhaps 5 million people; a precise number is difficult to determine due to the vague use of the name. Singapore Bazaar Malay , also known as Bazaar Malay , Pasar Malay , or Market Malay , is a Malay-lexified pidgin, which is spoken in Singapore. Tamil and Hokkien contributed to the development of Bazaar Malay, with Hokkien being
722-496: The gundul alphabet for writing, which was the Arabic script with five additional letters. This practice had survived until the mid-1940s, and had only been used among specific individuals (such as religious/communal figures) and served limited and exclusive purposes as a minority language within the country. For instance, Malay bills of marriage ( kavin ) were drawn in gundul . Presently, however, both “Standard Malay” (SM) and SLM use
760-502: The Cosmopolitan Colombo community, where the level of education is high, the community typically shows strong linguistic vitality in SLM in the oldest to middle generations and rapidly decreasing linguistic competence (to nil) in the vernacular in the young generation. In sharp contrast is the speech community of Kirinda, with low education and employment levels who still have SLM as a dominant language. The current thrust in
798-513: The Dutch also garrisoned their military, composed of Malays, in other parts of Sri Lanka. As a result, some scholars even believe that SLM is closely associated with the Batavian dialect of Malay. Others have proposed that Sri Lankan Malay originates from Eastern Indonesia Malay varieties, based on similarities with Manado Malay and North Moluccan Malay (Ternate Malay). Today, Sri Lankan Malay,
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#1732766024466836-461: The Kirinda community remain, monolingual speakers of Sri Lankan Malay, before they enter primary school, the speakers of Sri Lankan Malay today are insufficient to maintain the language in future generations. In some communities, Sri Lankan Malay is clearly endangered but there is a debate about whether it is endangered overall since some communities have robust first language speakers. Trilingualism
874-463: The Romanised script for writing purposes. Some of the advocates of the Romanised script claim that using English following (their interpretation of) Standard British English must be the only way of writing Malay. For instance, using ‘ch’ instead of the letter ‘c’ for the /ch/ sound (failing to realise that ‘ch’ could also produce the /k/ sound). Other users and scholars of SLM claim that Sinhala, being
912-536: The SLM community is that some segments of the community especially those in Kirinda, believe that SLM language must be encouraged, taught, and strengthened while others in the Colombo community believe that Malaysian or Indonesian Malay should be taught as means of revitalising SLM by converging it with a more standardised variety. The Kirinda community in Hambantota is one of the few communities that speak Sri Lankan Malay as their dominant language. Although children in
950-680: The SLM lexicon is primarily of PMD origin while grammatical features are derived from Sinhala and Tamil. Therefore, the use of inflections is largely due to a process of typological congruence of Lankan adstrates. Dative and accusative are marked by suffixes attached to a noun (naƞ-DAT yaƞ-ACC). The verb-final order follows the Sinhala and Tamil typology. This is illustrated as follows: ni This aanak-naƞ student- DAT baek good buku-yaƞ book- ACC attu one aada exist ni aanak-naƞ baek buku-yaƞ attu aada This student-DAT good book-ACC one exist 'This student has
988-498: The boats used for pearling, known as pearling luggers . The creoles of eastern Indonesia appear to have formed as Malays, using lingua franca Malay, established their monopoly on the spice trade before the European colonial era. They have a number of features in common: For example: There is a loss of diphthongs: There are many affixes that the pronunciation is simplified: For example: The loss of middle "ə" and "h" in
1026-452: The decline of Bazaar Malay is that pidgin Malay has creolised and created several new languages. Another reason is due to language shift in both formal and informal contexts, Bazaar Malay in Singapore is gradually being replaced by English, with English and its creole Singlish being the lingua franca among the younger generations. A pidginised variant of standard Malay , Sabah Malay is
1064-569: The dominant substrate language of Bazaar Malay, with Malay being the lexifier language. However, there are many input languages spoken by immigrants that also contributed to the development of Bazaar Malay, including languages spoken by Malays, Chinese, Indians, Eurasians, and Europeans. Singapore Bazaar Malay emerged along with the opening of Singapore's free trade port in 1819, to overcome barriers in communication and business transactions. Since Singapore has only four official languages (English, Mandarin, Malay, and Tamil), Singapore Bazaar Malay not only
1102-509: The early 20th century to facilitate communication between the various groups working in the pearling industry there— Japanese , Malays , Torres Strait Islanders , Koepangers , Hakka Chinese , Filipinos , Sri Lankans of Sinhalese and Tamil descent, a small number of Koreans , and local Indigenous Australians , mainly of the Bardi people but also Nyulnyul , Jabirr Jabirr , Jukun , Yawuru and Karajarri people. The name derives from
1140-459: The island of Bali . It is also known as Omong Kampong ("village speak") by its speakers. Balinese Malay is the primary language of ethnic Malay who live in the northwestern part of the island, mainly in the districts of Melaya and Negara, Jembrana Regency . The current language status is threatened. Broome Pearling Lugger Pidgin is a pidgin that sprang up in Broome, Western Australia in
1178-541: The last end of words: Alor Malay is spoken in the Alor archipelago . Speakers perceive Alor Malay to be a different register of standard Indonesian, but both of these are prestige varieties of the archipelago. Many people are able to understand standard Indonesian, but cannot speak it fluently and choose to use Alor Malay on a daily basis. Alor Malay is based on Kupang Malay; however, Alor Malay differs significantly from Kupang Malay, especially in its pronouns. Banda Malay
Sri Lanka Malay language - Misplaced Pages Continue
1216-596: The market The SLM possessive case suffix is -pe , derived form of Malaya punya “to possess” distinguishes a feature of contact Malay varieties such as Bazaar Malay and Baba Malay. goppe Malay trade and creole languages In addition to its classical and modern literary form, Malay had various regional dialects established after the rise of the Srivijaya empire in Sumatra , Indonesia . Also, Malay spread through interethnic contact and trade across
1254-406: The number of speakers living in or outside of Sri Lanka. Based on the ethnic statistics of Sri Lankan Malays, the estimation of the number of Sri Lankan Malay speakers is probably between 30,000 and 40,000. As the language has been influenced by Sinhala, Tamil and English, SLM speakers constantly code-switch between SLM and either one or two of the other mentioned languages. As a result, SLM within
1292-617: The number of speakers of the language have dwindled considerably but it has continued to be spoken notably in the Hambantota District of Southern Sri Lanka, which has traditionally been home to many Sri Lankan Malays. During the 17th and 18th centuries, the Dutch government who had occupied Batavia in Java exiled native rebels and royalty to Sri Lanka, and they made their first settlements in Hambantota and Kirinde. Later on,
1330-530: The south East Asia Archipelago as far as the Philippines. That contact resulted in a lingua franca ("trade language") that was called Bazaar Malay or low Malay and in Malay Melayu Pasar . It is generally believed that Bazaar Malay was a pidgin , influenced by contact among Malay, Hokkien, Portuguese, and Dutch traders. Besides the general simplification that occurs with pidgins, the Malay lingua franca had several distinctive characteristics. One
1368-472: The southern part of Sulawesi island, Makassar Malay also used by people in some parts of Sulawesi Tengah Province, especially when communicating with people from those three provinces. It can also be used when communicating with people from other people from other provinces in Eastern Indonesia and in the province of East Kalimantan. Balinese Malay or Loloan Malay is a dialect of Malay spoken in
1406-485: The three mentioned provinces, have taken a distinctive character of their own. Sebastian Nydorf has produced “A Grammar of Upcountry Malay” highlighting the said regional variations, however, his efforts have been criticised for having widening disparities within the language. Due to these differences, there are contesting opinions among the SLM speakers themselves: while some speakers say that Malay in Kirinde and Hambantota
1444-726: Was that possessives were formed with punya 'its owner, to have'; another was that plural pronouns were formed with orang 'person'. The only Malayic affixes that remained productive were tər- and bər- . Other common features: For example, Baba Malay is spoken by the Peranakans in Melaka (in Malaysia) and Singapore . A typical contact language between Hokkien male settlers and local Malay women, it has "more Hokkien grammar and more Malay lexicon". As of 2014, there are 1,000 speakers in Malaysia and another 1,000 in Singapore. It
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