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24-1193: Stuttgart Formation Stratigraphic range : Carnian ~ 235–222  Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Type Formation Unit of Keuper Sub-units Ansbachersandstein & Schilfsandstein members Underlies Weser & Steigerwald Formations Overlies Grabfeld & Benk Formations Lithology Primary Sandstone Other Claystone Location Coordinates 49°12′N 9°18′E  /  49.2°N 9.3°E  / 49.2; 9.3 Approximate paleocoordinates 21°24′N 14°54′E  /  21.4°N 14.9°E  / 21.4; 14.9 Region Baden-Württemberg , Bavaria , North Rhine-Westphalia Country [REDACTED]   Germany [REDACTED]   Switzerland Type section Named for Stuttgart [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Stuttgart Formation (Germany) The Stuttgart Formation

48-639: A grade of basal crocodylomorphs . The authors claimed that all synapomorphies present within Crocodylomorpha, as defined in 1992 by Sereno & Wild, were present in Dyoplax . They further concluded that the genus had most of the synapomorphies common to Sphenosuchia, lacking only the forked posterior process of the squamosal . On this basis, the authors concluded that there was enough evidence to place Dyoplax within Sphenosuchia. The age of

72-465: A lizard and the armor of a gavial ". When the taxon Pseudosuchia was first proposed in 1890, Dyoplax was considered one of the three genera within the clade , and was included within the family " Aetosauridae ". Several other papers published in later years have also placed the genus within Pseudosuchia. In 1956 the genus was referred to Notochampsidae, now known as Protosuchidae . It

96-775: A proxy for the age at which a surface, such as an alluvial fan, was created. Burial dating uses the differential radioactive decay of 2 cosmogenic elements as a proxy for the age at which a sediment was screened by burial from further cosmic rays exposure. Luminescence dating techniques observe 'light' emitted from materials such as quartz, diamond, feldspar, and calcite. Many types of luminescence techniques are utilized in geology, including optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), cathodoluminescence (CL), and thermoluminescence (TL). Thermoluminescence and optically stimulated luminescence are used in archaeology to date 'fired' objects such as pottery or cooking stones and can be used to observe sand migration. Incremental dating techniques allow

120-487: A reference for newly obtained poles for the rocks with unknown age. For paleomagnetic dating, it is suggested to use the APWP in order to date a pole obtained from rocks or sediments of unknown age by linking the paleopole to the nearest point on the APWP. Two methods of paleomagnetic dating have been suggested: (1) the angular method and (2) the rotation method. The first method is used for paleomagnetic dating of rocks inside of

144-2829: Is a geologic formation in Germany . It preserves fossils dating back to the Carnian stage of the Triassic period . Fossil content [ edit ] See also: Ansbachersandstein § Fossil content Temnospondyls [ edit ] Cyclotosaurus buechneri C. robustus Hyperokynodon keuperinus Mastodonsaurus andriani Metoposaurus diagnosticus Gerrothorax sp. Therapsids [ edit ] Kannemeyeriiformes indet. (Possibly Woznikella triradiata ) Reptiles [ edit ] Dyoplax arenaceus Zanclodon subcylindrodon Archosauria indet. Fish [ edit ] Lissodus sp. Palaeobates sp. Invertebrates Aviculomyalina angusta Cyzicus laxitextus C. cf. dorsorectus C. minutus Homomya bilonga H. simplex Myalina rotundata Mytilus acutefinitus M. avirostrum M. hasta M. minutus M. peregrinus M. sulmensis Lithophaga buchhornensis L. lennachensis L. producta L. vermiculata Mactromya altera M. equisetitis Modiolus eberstadtensis M. formosissimus M. mediocarinatus M. minalatus M. parallelus M. parvoblongus M. suprarectus M. transiens M. triangulus Myoconcha aperina M. longaperina M. ovulum M. scalprosa M. cf. woehrmanni M. aff. aquatensis Parallelodon beyrichii Pinna mediokeuperina Pleuromya curta P. nitens Schafhaeutlia aff. liscaviensis Thracia keuperina Trigonodus cf. grandis T. pygmaeus T. singularis T. wuertembergicus Asmussia sp. Gervillia sp. ?Gryphaea sp. Myoconcha sp. Mytilus sp. Trigonodus sp. Flora [ edit ] Clathrophyllum meriani Danaeopsis marantacea D. rumphi Desmiophyllum imhoffi Dioonitocarpidium pennaeforme Neocalamites meriani Pagiophyllum foetterlei Voltziopsis coburgensis Widdringtonites keuperianus Equisetites sp. Pterophyllum sp. See also [ edit ] List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Germany List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in Switzerland Benkersandstein , contemporaneous ichnofossiliferous formation of Bavaria Chañares Formation , fossiliferous formation of

168-693: Is also correct to say that fossils of the genus Tyrannosaurus have been found in the Upper Cretaceous Series. In the same way, it is entirely possible to go and visit an Upper Cretaceous Series deposit – such as the Hell Creek deposit where the Tyrannosaurus fossils were found – but it is naturally impossible to visit the Late Cretaceous Epoch as that is a period of time. Dyoplax arenaceus Dyoplax

192-500: Is also often used as a dating tool in archaeology, since the dates of some eruptions are well-established. Geochronology, from largest to smallest: It is important not to confuse geochronologic and chronostratigraphic units. Geochronological units are periods of time, thus it is correct to say that Tyrannosaurus rex lived during the Late Cretaceous Epoch. Chronostratigraphic units are geological material, so it

216-544: Is an extinct genus of pseudosuchian archosaur , possibly an erpetosuchid . Fossils have been found from the type locality within the upper Schilfsandstein Formation in Stuttgart , Germany . The holotype specimen was a natural cast of a nearly complete skeleton that lacked only parts of the tail and limb bones. Oscar Fraas , the original describer of Dyoplax, described the specimen as having "the head of

240-461: Is different in application from biostratigraphy, which is the science of assigning sedimentary rocks to a known geological period via describing, cataloging and comparing fossil floral and faunal assemblages. Biostratigraphy does not directly provide an absolute age determination of a rock, but merely places it within an interval of time at which that fossil assemblage is known to have coexisted. Both disciplines work together hand in hand, however, to

264-532: The Ar/ Ar dating method can be extended into the time of early human life and into recorded history. Some of the commonly used techniques are: A series of related techniques for determining the age at which a geomorphic surface was created ( exposure dating ), or at which formerly surficial materials were buried (burial dating). Exposure dating uses the concentration of exotic nuclides (e.g. Be, Al, Cl) produced by cosmic rays interacting with Earth materials as

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288-1176: The Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin , Argentina Candelária Formation , contemporaneous fossiliferous formation of the Paraná Basin, Brazil Molteno Formation , contemporaneous fossiliferous formation of Lesotho and South Africa Pebbly Arkose Formation , contemporaneous fossiliferous formation of Botswana, Zambia and Zimbabwe Denmark Hill Insect Bed , contemporaneous fossiliferous unit of Queensland, Australia Madygen Formation , contemporaneous Lagerstätte of Kyrgyzstan References [ edit ] ^ Stuttgart Formation at Fossilworks .org ^ Witzmann et al., 2016 ^ Schoch & Milner, 2000 ^ Münster, 1839 ^ Sulej, 2002 ^ Schoch, 2012 ^ Huene, 1905 ^ Linck, 1968 ^ Kustatscher et al., 2012 Bibliography [ edit ] Witzmann, F.; Sachs, S.; Nyhuis, C. J. (2016), "A new species of Cyclotosaurus (Stereospondyli, Capitosauria) from

312-624: The Late Triassic of Bielefeld, NW Germany, and the intrarelationships of the genus" , Fossil Record , 19 (2): 83–100, Bibcode : 2016FossR..19...83W , doi : 10.5194/fr-19-83-2016 , retrieved 2020-10-19 Kustatscher, E.; Kelber, K.-P.; Van Konijnenburg-van Cittert, J. H. A. (2012), " Danaeopsis Heer ex Schimper 1869 and its European Triassic species", Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology , 183 : 32–49, Bibcode : 2012RPaPa.183...32K , doi : 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2012.06.011 Schoch, R. R (2012), "A dicynodont mandible from

336-1374: The Triassic of Germany forms the first evidence of large herbivores in the Central European Carnian", Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen , 263 (2): 119–123, doi : 10.1127/0077-7749/2012/0216 Sulej, T (2002), "Species discrimination of the Late Triassic temnospondyl amphibian Metoposaurus diagnosticus " (PDF) , Acta Palaeontologica Polonica , 47 : 535–546 , retrieved 2020-10-19 Schoch, R.; Milner, A. R. (2000), "Stereospondyli", Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie , 3B : 1–203 Linck, O (1968), "Die marinen Muschelfauna des Schilfsandsteins von Eberstadt, Wuerttemberg, (Trias, Karn, mittl. Keuper 2) und deren Bedeutung", Jahreshefte des Vereins für Vaterlaendsiche Naturkunde in Wuerttemberg , 123 : 69–133 Huene , F. von (1905), "Trias-Dinosaurier Europas - European Triassic dinosaurs", Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft , 57 : 345–349 Fraas, E (1896), Die Schwäbischen Trias-Saurier nach dem Material der Kgl. Naturalien-Sammlung in Stuttgart zusammengestellt - Swabian Triassic dinosaurs based on

360-409: The amount of radioactive decay of a radioactive isotope with a known half-life , geologists can establish the absolute age of the parent material. A number of radioactive isotopes are used for this purpose, and depending on the rate of decay, are used for dating different geological periods. More slowly decaying isotopes are useful for longer periods of time, but less accurate in absolute years. With

384-514: The authors tentatively reassigned Dyoplax to Erpetosuchidae. The Shilfsandstein Formation was deposited during the early Carnian stage of the Late Triassic (~ 228 million years ago) in a lagoonal paleoenvironment . Numerous bivalves , chondrichthyan fish such as Palaeobates , trematosaurian temnospondyls such as Metoposaurus , a phytosaur , and plants such as Neocalamites and Equisetites were also present in

408-436: The construction of year-by-year annual chronologies, which can be fixed ( i.e. linked to the present day and thus calendar or sidereal time ) or floating. A sequence of paleomagnetic poles (usually called virtual geomagnetic poles), which are already well defined in age, constitutes an apparent polar wander path (APWP). Such a path is constructed for a large continental block. APWPs for different continents can be used as

432-416: The exception of the radiocarbon method , most of these techniques are actually based on measuring an increase in the abundance of a radiogenic isotope, which is the decay-product of the radioactive parent isotope. Two or more radiometric methods can be used in concert to achieve more robust results. Most radiometric methods are suitable for geological time only, but some such as the radiocarbon method and

456-1134: The material in the Royal Natural History Collection compiled in Stuttgart , Festgabe des Königlichen Naturalien-Cabinets In Stuttgart zur 42 Versammlung der Deutschen geologischen Gesellschaft in Stuttgart, August 1896. E. Schweizerbartische Verlag-handlung (E. Koch), Stuttgart, pp. 1–18 Münster, G. G (1839), " Mastodonsaurus andriani ", Beiträge zur Petrefactenkunde : 102–103 Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stuttgart_Formation&oldid=1258345517 " Categories : Triassic System of Europe Triassic Germany Triassic Switzerland Carnian Stage Sandstone formations Shale formations Fluvial deposits Lacustrine deposits Lagoonal deposits Paleontology in Germany Geography of Baden-Württemberg Geography of Bavaria Geography of North Rhine-Westphalia Hidden category: Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas Geochronology Geochronology

480-459: The point where they share the same system of naming strata (rock layers) and the time spans utilized to classify sublayers within a stratum. The science of geochronology is the prime tool used in the discipline of chronostratigraphy , which attempts to derive absolute age dates for all fossil assemblages and determine the geologic history of the Earth and extraterrestrial bodies . By measuring

504-426: The same age and of such distinctive composition and appearance that, despite their presence in different geographic sites, there is certainty about their age-equivalence. Fossil faunal and floral assemblages , both marine and terrestrial, make for distinctive marker horizons. Tephrochronology is a method for geochemical correlation of unknown volcanic ash (tephra) to geochemically fingerprinted, dated tephra . Tephra

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528-700: The same continental block. The second method is used for the folded areas where tectonic rotations are possible. Magnetostratigraphy determines age from the pattern of magnetic polarity zones in a series of bedded sedimentary and/or volcanic rocks by comparison to the magnetic polarity timescale. The polarity timescale has been previously determined by dating of seafloor magnetic anomalies, radiometrically dating volcanic rocks within magnetostratigraphic sections, and astronomically dating magnetostratigraphic sections. Global trends in isotope compositions, particularly carbon-13 and strontium isotopes, can be used to correlate strata. Marker horizons are stratigraphic units of

552-449: The specimen within the strata would make Dyoplax the oldest sphenosuchian known at the time, predating other genera from the late Carnian that were once thought to be the oldest members of Sphenosuchia such as Hesperosuchus and Parrishia . However, Maisch, Matzke and Rathgeber (2013) questioned the placement of Dyoplax within Crocodylomorpha, and argued that it shared important cranial and postcranial features with Erpetosuchus ;

576-596: Was suggested to be a possible erpetosuchid in 1966, but was later classified as one of the earliest protosuchids in 1994. In that same year a paper was published that identified several synapomorphies characteristic of the clade Aetosauria . This confirmed that Dyoplax was not within the order Aetosauria as had been previously speculated because it lacked four out of five of the synapomorphies associated with Aetosauria. A paper published in 1998 by Spencer et al. considered Dyoplax to be within Sphenosuchia ,

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