75-522: The St Rule Club is a woman's golf and social club based in St Andrews , Scotland, and was established at the end of 1896, although it was not until 1898 when the golf section was established. It has a variety of activities for its members, which includes a golf section, a book club and it is open to members and their guests for morning coffee, lunch and afternoon tea. The club does not own its own golf course, instead, members have playing privileges on
150-466: A cliff-top to the north of the town. The castle was first erected around 1200 as the residence, prison and fortress of the bishops of the diocese. Several reconstructions occurred in subsequent centuries, most notably due to damage incurred in the Wars of Scottish Independence . The castle was occupied, besieged and stormed during The Rough Wooing and was severely damaged in the process. The majority of
225-538: A community based station which broadcast from the University of St Andrews . The St Andrews Citizen is the town's local newspaper including student newspapers which are published from the University of St Andrews , The Saint and The Stand. St Andrews was once bounded by several "ports" (the Lowland Scots word for a town gate). Two are still extant: So'gait port (South Street, now called West Port) and
300-525: A move to St Leonards House was made. The school is now spread across thirty acres between Pends Road and Kinnesburn. A private school for boys was also set up in 1933 as New Park . The operations of the school merged with the middle and junior sections of St Leonards to become St Leonards-New Park in 2005. Home of golf Golf in Scotland was first recorded in the Scottish late Middle Ages , and
375-618: A qualifier for other trophies including the Curtis Cup . The annual St Andrews Ladies Jubilee Open is organised jointly by the St Regulus Ladies Golf Club and The St Rule Club and is played over the Jubilee course at St Andrews Links. The club is named after Saint Rule , also known as Saint Regulus. Legend has it that he was warned in a dream by an angel to take part of the relics of St Andrew to an unknown place in
450-571: A recorded population of 16,800 as of 2011 , making it Fife's fourth-largest settlement and 45th most populous settlement in Scotland . The town is home to the University of St Andrews , the third oldest university in the English-speaking world and the oldest in Scotland. It was ranked as the best university in the UK by the 2022 Good University Guide, which is published by The Times and The Sunday Times . According to other rankings, it
525-464: A replacement for Madras College on a single site have been ongoing since 2006. Originally, the school was in negotiations with the University of St Andrews for a joint new build at Lang Lands on land owned by the university. The plans, which were scrapped in August 2011, would have seen the school share the university's playing fields. In October 2011, a scoring exercise drawn up by the council to decide
600-468: A scheduled monument administered by Historic Environment Scotland . The apse of the Dominican friary , Blackfriars , can still be seen on South Street (between Madras College and Bell Street). Other defunct religious houses that existed in the medieval town, though less visible, have left traces, as for instance the leper hospital at St Nicholas farmhouse (The Steading) between Albany Park and
675-515: A school which was able to teach both poor and privileged children on one site. The high reputation of the school meant that many children came from throughout Britain to be taught there, often lodging with masters or residents in the town. The school was located on two campuses – Kilrymont, (which opened in 1967) and South Street (incorporating the original 1833 building). Pupils in S1-S3 are served by Kilrymont and S4-S6 by South Street. Plans to build
750-625: Is 31.3 °C (88.3 °F), recorded in July 2022. In a typical year, the warmest day should reach 26.1 °C (79.0 °F) and a total of 2 days should record a temperature of 25.1 °C (77.2 °F) or above. The warmest calendar month (since 1960) was July 2006, with a mean temperature of 16.8 °C (62.2 °F) (mean maximum of 21.6 °C (70.9 °F), mean minimum of 11.9 °C (53.4 °F)) The absolute minimum temperature (since 1960) stands at −14.5 °C (5.9 °F) recorded during February 1972, although in an 'average' year,
825-636: Is claimed by The Royal Burgess Golfing Society of Edinburgh who date back to 1735. The first record of North American golf was a consignment of 96 golf clubs and 432 golf balls which was shipped from Leith to Charleston , South Carolina , in 1743; and on 29 September 1786 Scottish merchants established the South Carolina Golf Club in Charleston, the first golf club in the United States. Several Scots golfers are members of
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#1732780040843900-716: Is ranked as one of the best universities in the United Kingdom. The town is named after Saint Andrew the Apostle . The settlement grew to the west of St Andrews Cathedral , with the southern side of the Scores to the north and the Kinness Burn to the south. The burgh soon became the ecclesiastical capital of Scotland, a position which was held until the Scottish Reformation . The famous cathedral ,
975-507: Is related to tourism. St Andrews is often considered as an expensive destination. In 2016, St Andrews was reported to be home to the "Most Expensive Street in Scotland", with average house prices in The Scores in excess of 2 million pounds. St Andrews has a temperate maritime climate , which is relatively mild despite its northerly latitude . Winters are not as cold as one might expect, considering that Moscow and Labrador lie on
1050-758: Is represented by Wendy Chamberlain , MP of the Scottish Liberal Democrats . For the purposes of the Scottish Parliament , St Andrews forms part of the North East Fife constituency. The North East Fife Scottish Parliament (or Holyrood ) constituency created in 1999 is one of nine within the Mid Scotland and Fife electoral region. Each constituency elects one Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) by
1125-501: Is that the modern game of golf originated in Scotland in the High Middle Ages . The first golf courses and clubs were established in the country. The first written rules originated in Scotland, as did the establishment of the 18-hole course. The first tournament structures developed and competitions were held between various burghs . The modern game was spread by Scots to the rest of the world. The earliest reference to golf
1200-478: Is the Stagecoach bus station located near the town centre. Stagecoach's Route 99 (and its alternate routes 99A, 99B, 99C, 99D) connects St Andrews to Dundee via Leuchars with buses up to every ten minutes. Moffat & Williamson operates Route 92 (and 92A, 92B, 92C) on a lesser frequency from Balmullo via Leuchars station to St Andrews before looping the town. There are also some local bus service that links
1275-465: Is the most frequent venue for The Open Championship , the oldest of golf 's four major championships . Visitors travel to St Andrews in great numbers for several courses ranked amongst the finest in the world, as well as for the sandy beaches. The Martyrs Memorial, erected to the honour of Patrick Hamilton , George Wishart , and other martyrs of the Reformation epoch, stands at the west end of
1350-538: Is the purchase of a set of golf clubs by James IV from a bowmaker of St Johnston ( Perth ) in 1502. Where he played is not known, but it is likely to have been on the open ground called the North Inch at Perth. It is recorded that Robert Maule of Panmure played golf at Carnoustie in the mid 16th century, as a wager for drink. Around the same time, in 1552, John Hamilton the Archbishop of St Andrews granted
1425-464: Is widely seen as being a key national cultural icon throughout the world. It is frequently used to market the country to potential visitors, for example for the Homecoming year in 2009, and golf tourism accounted for approximately 2% of overall Scottish tourism spending in 2004. One page that explains the history of golf in Scotland starts off by stating that, "There has been much debate as to
1500-466: The Dutch kolf (see Kolven , a Dutch indoor ballgame); although the dictionary also records the noun golf (with alternative spellings golfe or golph ) as deriving from Middle English golf or goulf or Old French golfe , meaning "a deep pool or hollow; an abyss"; a cognate of modern English gulf . The exact origins of the sport of golf are unclear. The most widely accepted theory
1575-518: The Edinburgh burgh records for 19 April 1592 includes golf in a list of pastimes to be avoided on the Sabbath. The parish register for neighbouring South Leith records the appearance of four parishioners before the kirk session on 7 December 1610 who "confessed they had prophaned the Sabbath be playing at the gowffe in tyme off preaching and thairfore was ordained to mak thair publict repentance
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#17327800408431650-588: The Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 , there was one MP sitting for St Andrews Burgh (which would include Anstruther Easter, Anstruther Wester, Crail , Cupar, Kilrenny and Pittenweem). St Andrews now forms part of the North East Fife constituency, electing one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom by the first past the post system. The constituency
1725-445: The 18th century, the town was still in decline, but despite this the town was becoming known for having links 'well known to golfers'. By the 19th century, the town began to expand beyond the original medieval boundaries with streets of new houses and town villas being built. Today, St Andrews is served by education, golf and the tourist and conference industry. In 1951, The Masque of St. Andrews , which dramatised important events in
1800-500: The 1971–2000 observation period. The St Andrews Railway provided a connection to the main Edinburgh to Aberdeen Line at Leuchars railway station . This service was ended in 1969. The St Andrews Rail Link project aims at realising a new high-speed twin-cord mainline rail link via Cupar to the south and west and via Leuchars to the north. Nowadays, the only public transport to reach trains at Leuchars or to connect other towns in Fife
1875-650: The East Sands leisure centre. Today, St Andrews is home to one secondary school, one private school and three primary schools. Canongate Primary School, which opened in 1972 is located off the Canongate, beside the St Andrews Botanic Garden . The school roll was recorded in February 2008 as 215. Lawhead Primary School, which opened in 1974 is on the western edge of the town. The school roll
1950-412: The Scores on a cliff overlooking the sea. The civil parish has a population of 18,421 (in 2011). The town also contains numerous museums, a botanic garden and an aquarium. The earliest recorded name of the area is Cennrígmonaid . This is Old Gaelic and composed of the elements cenn (head, peninsula), ríg (king) and monaid (moor). This became Cell Rígmonaid ( cell meaning church) and
2025-539: The Sea Yett (as The Pends terminates to the harbour). The West Port is one of few surviving town "Ports" in Scotland and is a scheduled monument . The towers were influenced by those seen at the base of the Netherbow Port in Edinburgh . The central archway which displays semi-octagonal "rownds" and "battling" is supported by corbelling and neatly moulded passageways. Side arches and relief panels were added to
2100-790: The St Regulus Ladies Golf Club, members have playing privileges on all of the seven public golf courses on the St Andrews Links , including the Old Course . The St Rule Trophy which is played on the New Course and the Old Course was first played in 1984. It is now organised by the St Andrews Links Trust, which forms part of the Scottish Women's Order of Merit ladies amateur competition, and is used as
2175-401: The architecture feature of the church was lost in the re-building by Robert Balfour between 1798 and 1800. The church was later restored to a (more elaborately decorated) approximation of its medieval appearance between 1907 and 1909 by MacGregor Chambers. To the east of the town centre, lie the ruins of St Andrews Cathedral . This was at one time Scotland's largest building, originated in
2250-525: The best location for the new Madras College was put before parents, staff and the local community to ask for their views. A £40-million redevelopment of the Kilrymont building proved to be most popular and was officially given the go-ahead in November 2011. This decision was met with controversy from parents, staff and the local community. Following a decision from a group of senior councillors to analyse
2325-463: The castle seen today dates to between 1549 and 1571. The work was commissioned by John Hamilton (archbishop of St Andrews) in a renaissance style which made the building a comfortable, palatial residence while still remaining well-fortified. After the Reformation, the castle passed to several owners, who could not maintain its structure and the building deteriorated into a ruin. The castle is now
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2400-416: The coldest night should only fall to −8.3 °C (17.1 °F). Typically, just short of 60 nights a year will experience an air frost. The coldest calendar month (since 1960) was December 2010, with a mean temperature of −0.8 °C (30.6 °F) (mean maximum 1.9 °C (35.4 °F), mean minimum −3.5 °C (25.7 °F) ) Rainfall, at little more than 650 mm per year makes St Andrews one of
2475-543: The country wherever demography and geography allow. Therefore, golf courses, whether public or private, are far more common in the Lowlands than in the Highlands and Islands , where shinty (a game which may share a common ancestry with golf) is often the traditional sport. Scotland is widely promoted as the "Home of Golf," and along with whisky and the long list of Scottish inventions and discoveries , golf
2550-424: The driest parts of Scotland, shielded from Atlantic weather systems by several mountain ranges. Over 1 mm of rain is recorded on just under 117 days of the year. Sunshine, averaging in excess of 1,500 hours a year is amongst the highest for Scotland, and comparable to inland parts of Southern England. St Andrews is about the furthest north annual levels of above 1500 hours are encountered. All averages refer to
2625-484: The ecclesiastical capital of Scotland, the town now had vast economic and political influence within Europe as a cosmopolitan town. The Scottish Parliament met in the town in 1304, when King Edward I , in his capacity as overlord of Scotland, came to be received by Bishop William de Lamberton . As many as 130 landowners turned up to witness the event ranging from Sir John of Cambo to Sir William Murray of Fort. In 1559,
2700-413: The far end of the property. One played the holes out, turned around, and played the holes in, for a total of 22 holes. In 1764, several of the holes were deemed too short and therefore combined. The number was thereby reduced from 11 to nine so that a complete round of the links comprised 18 holes. Due to the status of St Andrews as the 'home of golf', other courses followed suit and the 18-hole course became
2775-477: The first Monday of the month in the Council Chamber of St Andrews Town Hall , forms the lowest tier of governance whose statutory role is to communicate local opinion to local and central government. The current chair is Mrs Penelope Fraser. The chair uses the honorary title of Provost of St Andrews on official and ceremonial occasions, this ancient title having been revived to mark the 400th Anniversary of
2850-436: The first past the post system of election, and the region elects seven additional members to produce a form of proportional representation. The seat was won at the 2016 Scottish Parliament Election by Willie Rennie , for the Scottish Liberal Democrats . According to the 2001 census, St Andrews had a total population of 14,209. The population increased to around 16,680 in 2008 and 16,800 in 2012 The demographic make-up of
2925-592: The granting of Royal Burgh status to St Andrews in 1620 by King James VI & I. In the early days of the United Kingdom, following implementation of the union of 1707 , St Andrews elected one Member of Parliament (MP) to the United Kingdom Parliament. Following the implementation of the Reform Act 1832 St Andrews Burgh merged with Anstruther for the purposes of electing one MP to the United Kingdom Parliament. Following implementation of
3000-429: The hill behind the palace. Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales , the king's eldest son, was playing golf in 1606. The Royal Blackheath Golf Club traces its origins from these Scottish noblemen, thus claiming a pre-1745 foundation date. Although it is certainly the oldest English golf club and the oldest outside Scotland, there is no evidence that it is the oldest golf club in the world, as is sometimes claimed. This accolade
3075-456: The kingis officiaris" ( arrested by the king's officers ). Football (see Football in Scotland ) and golf are again both explicitly named and forbidden in two further 15th century Scottish statutes encouraging archery practice, in 1470 and 1491. The 1470 Act, in the reign of James III , again uses the spelling golf , but the 1491 Act, in the reign of James IV , spells it gouff' ; and variants such as gowf , gowff , gouf became
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3150-408: The largest in Scotland, now lies in ruins. St Andrews is also known globally as the " home of golf ". This is in part because of The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews , founded in 1754, which until 2004 exercised legislative authority over the game worldwide (except in the United States and Mexico). It is also because the famous Old Course of St Andrews Links (acquired by the town in 1894)
3225-537: The lay-out may have led to the creation of two new streets (North Street and South Street) from the foundations of the new St Andrews Cathedral filling the area inside a two-sided triangle at its apex. The northern boundary of the burgh was the southern side of the Scores (the street between North Street and the sea) with the southern by the Kinness Burn and the western by the West Port. The burgh of St Andrews
3300-539: The mesolithic (middle Stone Age) came from the plains in Northern Europe between 10,000 and 5,000 BCE. This was followed by the nomadic people who settled around the modern town around 4,500 BCE as farmers clearing the area of woodland and building monuments. During the Iron Age/Early Middle ages, a fortified enclosure, potentially a hillfort, was established on East Balrymonth hill, a mile to
3375-498: The modern game of golf was first developed and established in the country. The game plays a key role in the national sporting consciousness . The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews , known as the R&;A, was the world governing body for the game (except in the United States and Mexico). The R&A , a separate organisation from the club, was created in 2004 as the governing body. The Scottish Ladies' Golfing Association
3450-411: The nixt Sabboth." Golf courses have not always consisted of eighteen holes. The St Andrews Links occupy a narrow strip of land along the sea-shore. As early as the 15th century, golfers at St Andrews established a trench through the undulating terrain, playing to holes whose locations were dictated by topography. The course that emerged featured eleven holes, laid out end to end from the clubhouse to
3525-600: The north-west. The angel told him to stop in a place in Fife, where he built the St Rule's Church that housed the saint's relics, and which later became St Andrews. St Andrews St Andrews ( Latin : S. Andrea(s) ; Scots : Saunt Aundraes ; Scottish Gaelic : Cill Rìmhinn , pronounced [kʰʲɪʎˈrˠiː.ɪɲ]) is a town on the east coast of Fife in Scotland, 10 miles (16 kilometres) southeast of Dundee and 30 miles (50 kilometres) northeast of Edinburgh . St Andrews had
3600-528: The origins of the game and, in some cases, how it was originally played. One thing is certain — the game of golf as we know it was born in Scotland". Scotland has 587 courses, the most courses per head of any country, with the majority being in Glasgow and Edinburgh . The word golf was first recorded in the 15th century, appearing twice in an act of the Scots Parliament of 6 March 1457, in
3675-481: The other potential sites than push ahead with the controversial redevelopment, The new Building was finished in 2021. In August 2020, it was reported that the college will sell its Kilrymont site and built a replacement school at Langlands. The private school known as St Leonards School was initially established as the St Andrews School for girls company in 1877. The present name was taken in 1882 when
3750-555: The population is much in line with the rest of Scotland. The age group from 16 to 29 forms the largest portion of the population (37%). The median age of males and females living in St Andrews was 29 and 34 years respectively, compared to 37 and 39 years for those in the whole of Scotland. The place of birth of the town's residents was 87.78% United Kingdom (including 61.80% from Scotland), 0.63% Republic of Ireland, 4.18% from other European Union countries, and 7.42% from elsewhere in
3825-556: The port, during the reconstruction between 1843 and 1845. The Category A listed Holy Trinity (also known as the Holy Trinity Parish Church or "town kirk") is the most historic church in St Andrews. The church was initially built on land, close to the south-east gable of the cathedral, around 1144, and was dedicated in 1234 by Bishop David de Bernham . It then moved to a new site on the north side of South Street between 1410 and 1412 by bishop Warlock. Much of
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#17327800408433900-456: The position of abbot of the monastery of St Andrews. The establishment of the present town began around 1140 by Bishop Robert on an L-shaped hill, possibly on the site of the ruined St Andrews Castle . According to a charter of 1170, the new burgh was built to the west of the Cathedral precinct, along Castle Street and possibly as far as what is now known as North Street. This means that
3975-408: The priory of Canons Regular founded by Bishop Robert Kennedy. St Rule's Church, to the south-east of the medieval cathedral is said to date from around 1120 and 1150, being the predecessor of the cathedral. The tall square tower, part of the church, was built to hold the relics of St Andrew and became known as the first cathedral in the town. After the death of Bishop Robert Kennedy, a new cathedral
4050-431: The reign of James II . The act, which ordered the holding of wappenschaws (English: musterings ) four times a year for the purpose of archery practice, stated that "the fut bal ande the golf" ( football and golf) were to be "vtterly criyt done" ( condemned ; lit. "cried down") and "nocht vsyt" ( not engaged in ; lit. "not used"). Offenders were to be punished by the barony courts, otherwise they were "to be tane be
4125-403: The right of the people of St Andrews to play golf and gather turf on the links, retaining his rights to the rabbit warrens there. The Old Links at Musselburgh Racecourse is claimed to be the oldest playing golf course in the world. Evidence has shown that golf was played on Musselburgh Links in 1672, although Mary, Queen of Scots reputedly played there even earlier in 1567. An entry in
4200-429: The same latitude. Daytime temperatures can fall below freezing and average around 4 °C (39 °F). However, the town is subject to strong winds. Night-time frosts are common; however, snowfall is more rare. The nearest official Met Office weather station for which data are available is at Leuchars, about 3 + 1 ⁄ 4 miles (5.2 kilometres) northwest of St Andrews town centre. The absolute maximum temperature
4275-400: The seven public golf courses owned by the St Andrews Links Trust, which includes the Old Course . The St Rule Trophy , forms part of the Scottish Women's Order of Merit ladies amateur competition. and is used as a qualifier for other trophies including the Curtis Cup . The club was established at the end of 1896. and it temporarily leased 4 Gibson Place for its clubhouse in 1897. The move to
4350-471: The south of the town. Today, the outline of the defences are visible on some aerial images. It marks the oldest still extant structure in St Andrews. In the mid-eighth century a monastery was established by the Pictish king Oengus I , traditionally associated with the relics of Saint Andrew , a number of bones supposed to be the saint's arm, kneecap, three fingers and a tooth believed to have been brought to
4425-536: The standard which has remained to the present day. There are now more than 550 golf courses throughout the country, with at least 21 courses in Edinburgh alone. When James VI succeeded to the thrones of England and Ireland in 1603 (see Union of the Crowns ) a large number of his Scottish courtiers followed him to London . The King resided at Greenwich Palace , and there is documentary evidence that some of these Scottish noblemen played golf on Blackheath , on
4500-576: The town by St Regulus. In AD 877, king Causantín mac Cináeda (Constantine I) built a new church for the Culdees at St Andrews and later the same year was captured and executed (or perhaps killed in battle) after defending against Viking raiders. In AD 906, the town became the seat of the bishop of Alba, with the boundaries of the see being extended to include land between the River Forth and River Tweed . In 943 Constantine II abdicated and took
4575-513: The town centre to St Andrews Community Hospital in the south. St Andrews Bus Station provides frequent bus services to most towns in Fife and the nearby city of Dundee via Leuchars, and less frequent services to further destinations like Edinburgh and Stirling . Travellers from Edinburgh Airport may take Route 747 to Halbeath Park & Ride then take X59/X24 to St Andrews. Otherwise, they have to travel to central Edinburgh for train or bus services. Dundee Airport , about 15 miles north of
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#17327800408434650-555: The town fell into decay after the violent Scottish Reformation and the Wars of the Three Kingdoms losing the status of ecclesiastical capital of Scotland. Even the University of St Andrews was considering relocating to Perth around 1697 and 1698. Under the authorisation of the bishop of St Andrews , the town was made a burgh of barony in 1614. Royal Burgh was then granted as a charter by King James VI in 1620. In
4725-479: The town's history, was staged in the Cathedral grounds as part of the Festival of Britain . St Andrews is represented by several tiers of elected government. Prior to 1975 the town was governed by a burgh council, a provost and baillies . From 1975, St Andrews was administered by North East Fife District Council and Fife Regional Council . North East Fife District was abolished in 1996 when Fife Council became
4800-569: The town, has flights that connect with London-City and Belfast-City provided by Loganair . Roads A91 , A915 , A917 , A918 and B939 traverse the town at different locations. Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC Scotland and STV North . Television signals are received from either the Angus or Durris TV transmitters. Local radio stations are BBC Radio Scotland , Kingdom FM , Forth 1 , Greatest Hits Radio Edinburgh, Lothians, Fife and Falkirk , and St Andrews Radio,
4875-566: The unitary authority. Fife Council, based in Glenrothes , is now the executive , deliberative and legislative body responsible for local governance . The Scottish Parliament is responsible for devolved matters such as education , health and justice while reserved matters are dealt with by the Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland . The Royal Burgh of St Andrews Community Council, meeting on
4950-606: The upper floor of their current premises at 12 The Links in 1898, which also coincided with establishing a golf section within the club. The ground floor was also later leased to the club after 1906. The club bought the entire building at 12 The Links in 1923 for £3,000. The St Rule Club merged with the St Rule Golf Club in 1952. In 1999 the clubhouse became a Category C listed building . The St Rule Club does not own its own golf course, so like The Royal and Ancient Golf Club , St Andrews Golf Club , The New Golf Club , and
5025-673: The usual spellings during the Early Modern Period . The Scottish National Dictionary states that " golf represents a revival of the Middle Scots form; Loudoun Gowf Club, Newmilns , retains the old form in its title"; i.e. the spelling changed from Medieval golf to Early Modern gowf , and then back again. The Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue gives the etymology of the word golf or gouf (with many alternative spellings) as probably from
5100-502: The world. The economic activity of residents aged 16–74 was 23.94% in full-time employment, 8.52% in part-time employment, 4.73% self-employed, 1.94% unemployed, 31.14% students with jobs, 9.08% students without jobs, 13.24% retired, 2.91% looking after home or family, 2.84% permanently sick or disabled, and 1.67% economically inactive for other reasons. St Andrews, whose economy stands at £660 million, relies heavily on tourism and education. In 2016, one out of every five jobs in St Andrews
5175-495: Was Scoticised to Kilrymont . The modern Gaelic spelling is Cill Rìmhinn . It is likely that the Gaelic name represents an adaptation of a Pictish form *Penrimond . The name St Andrews derives from the town's claim to be the resting place of bones of the apostle Andrew . According to legend, St Regulus (or Rule) brought the relics to Kilrymont, where a shrine was established for their safekeeping and veneration while Kilrymont
5250-465: Was begun in 1160 by Bishop Arnold (his successor) on a site adjacent to St Rule's Church. Work on the cathedral was finally completed and consecrated in 1318 by Bishop William de Lamberton with Robert the Bruce (1306–29) present at the ceremony. The cathedral and associated buildings, including St Rule's Church, are protected as a scheduled monument. The ruins of St Andrews Castle are situated on
5325-468: Was first represented at the great council at Scone Palace in 1357. St Andrews, in particular the large cathedral built in 1160, was the most important centre of pilgrimage in medieval Scotland and one of the most important in Europe. Pilgrims from all over Scotland came in large numbers hoping to be blessed, and in many cases to be cured, at the shrine of Saint Andrew. The presence of the pilgrims brought about increased trade and development. Recognised as
5400-524: Was founded in 1904 and the Scottish Golf Union (SGU) in 1920. They merged in 2015 into a new organization, Scottish Golf. To many golfers, the Old Course at St Andrews , an ancient links course dating to before 1574, is considered to be a site of pilgrimage. There are many other famous golf courses in Scotland, including Carnoustie , Gleneagles , Muirfield , Kingsbarns , Turnberry and Royal Troon . The world's first Open Championship
5475-583: Was held at Prestwick in 1860 , and Scots golfers have the most victories at the Open at 42 wins, one ahead of the United States. Although golf is often seen as an elitist sport elsewhere in the world, in the land of its birth it enjoys widespread appeal across the social spectrum , in line with the country's egalitarian tradition. For example, the Old Course at St Andrews is a charitable trust and Musselburgh Links are public courses. Council -owned courses, with low fees and easy access, are common throughout
5550-458: Was recorded in September 2009 as 181. Greyfriars Primary School is a Roman Catholic school located in the southern part of the town. Madras College is the sole secondary school in the town. The school which opened to pupils in 1833 was based on a Madras system – founded and endowed by Andrew Bell (1755–1832), a native of the town. Prior to the opening, Bell was interested in the demand for
5625-462: Was renamed in honour of the saint. This is the origin of a third name for the town Kilrule . Its name may also be notable for the lack of apostrophe ; this is due to the fact that the name of the town predates the introduction of the apostrophe into the English language from French in the 16th century. The first inhabitants who settled on the estuary fringes of the rivers Tay and Eden during
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