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32-414: Each starostwo was administered by an official known as starosta . The starosta received the office from the king and kept it until the end of his life. It usually provided a significant income for the starosta . His deputy was variously known as podstarosta , podstarości , burgrabia , włodarz , or surrogator . The types of starosta included : When Poland regained independence in 1918 (until

64-497: A district called a starostwo . In the early Middle Ages, a starosta could head a settled urban or rural community or other community, as in the case of a church starosta or an artel starosta. A starosta also functioned as a master of ceremonies . In the Czech Republic and Slovakia starosta is the title of a mayor of a town or village. Mayors of major cities use the title primátor . The term corresponds to

96-459: Is a member of the executive committee of the amalgamated territorial hromada council ex officio, he must help the residents of his settlements with the preparation of submitting documents to local self-government bodies, participate in the preparation of the amalgamated territorial hromada budget in the part that concerns his settlements, and also perform other duties specified in Regulations on

128-477: Is this Mr Dobry? Is he a subject of the German State? No, he is not a far relative nor a godparent, he is a stranger. And just because that stranger who legally has no connections with Germany and gave no halters to issue a decree of such colossal weight was abducted, the decree was issued. On 29 April, a party congress of bread producers consisting of some 6,000 delegates from all eight governorates of Ukraine

160-643: The Belarusian People's Republic . Almost the entire commanding staff of the Ukrainian State armed forces consisted of officers of the former Imperial Russian Army . Most officers were not supportive of the Ukrainian cause and viewed it as a way to make it through tough times. At the same time, wide masses of the population did not have a developed sense of nationalism and mainly chose to follow socialist and communist principles. Following

192-461: The Middle Ages , it has designated an official in a leadership position in a range of civic and social contexts throughout Central and Eastern Europe . In reference to a municipality, a starosta was historically a senior royal administrative official, equivalent to a county sheriff or seneschal , and analogous to a gubernator . In Poland , a starosta administered crown territory or

224-531: The Second Hetmanate ( Ukrainian : Другий Гетьманат , romanized :  Druhyi Hetmanat ), was an anti-Bolshevik government that existed on most of the modern territory of Ukraine (except for Western Ukraine ) from 29 April to 14 December 1918. It was installed by German military authorities after the socialist-leaning Central Council of the Ukrainian People's Republic

256-911: The Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church , ruled in Central and Eastern Ukraine . However, in Western Ukraine there was friction between Orthodox, Greek Catholics , Roman Catholics and Jews . In the conflicts, the Ministry of Confessions of the Ukrainian State and the Council of Ministers morally and materially supported the Orthodox clergy. On 25 June, the government allocated 3 million rubles to help priests who moved to Volhynia , Kholmshchyna , Grodno , Podolia , and Polesia , which were annexed to

288-730: The Ukrainian People's Army took Kyiv. He was expelled and the Hetmanate was replaced by the provisional government of the Directorate. According to the "Laws on the Provisional State System of Ukraine" , the leading position of the country was occupied by the Christian Orthodox faith. At the same time, citizens of Ukraine who belonged to other denominations had the right to profess their religion and rites . The Russian Orthodox Church , and later

320-620: The armistice ending World War I , Ukrainian socialists formed the Directorate of Ukraine (the "Directory"), whose forces were spearheaded by the Sich Riflemen and "Greycoats". Although German and Austrian troops had not yet withdrawn from Ukraine, they had no further interest in fighting. Most of Skoropadskyi's own forces changed sides and joined the Directory. On 16 November 1918, starting in Bila Tserkva , fighting broke out in

352-410: The powiat council ( rada powiatu ). This Polish history –related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Starosta Starosta / ˈ s t ɑːr ɒ s t ə / or starost ( Cyrillic : старост/а , Latin : capitaneus , German: Starost, Hauptmann ) is a community elder in some Slavic lands. The Slavic root of "starost" translates as "senior". Since

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384-709: The Austrian or German Bürgermeister . Historically, the title "Starost" was also used in parts of the Holy Roman Empire . The German word Starostei referred to the office or crown land district of a Starost. In German, the title starost/starosta is also translated as Hauptmann and analogous to a gubernator. In the Kingdom of Poland and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth , the Starosta

416-604: The Austro-Hungarian and German forces welcomed the coup; Skoropadskyi co-operated with them, making him unpopular among many Ukrainian peasants. The new state retained the tryzub (coat of arms) and the national flag but reversed the design to light blue over yellow. The Sich Riflemen opposed the coup and were disbanded along with the "Bluecoats", a Ukrainian division formed from POWs in Germany and Austria-Hungary named after their blue uniforms. Internal opposition

448-632: The Bolshevik aggression, the government of the Ukrainian People's Republic that initially pursued anti-military policy sought military support after the capital Kyiv was sacked on 9 February 1918, by Mikhail Muravyov . On 9 February, Ukraine signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with the coalition of the Central Powers and by March all Bolshevik forces of the Russian SFSR were removed from

480-781: The Central Powers had lost the war and that Skoropadskyi could no longer rely on their support. He thus looked for support from conservative Russian elements in society and proposed joining a federation with Anton Denikin and the White movement . This further eroded his standing among Ukrainians. In December 1918, Skoropadskyi was deposed and the Directorate was established as a form of the Ukrainian People's Republic. The country lay in Eastern Europe along

512-633: The German occupational forces were officially conducting all financial operations with the Reichsbank in Berlin . The next day, Eichhorn issued a decree according to which all criminal cases on the territory of Ukraine could selectively fall under the jurisdiction of the German field military court instead of the Ukrainian court system. At the next session of the Central Rada, Holubovych stated: Who

544-454: The Hetmanate. Skoropadskyi had to turn to the thousands of Russian White Guard officers who had escaped to Ukraine with the intention of joining Denikin's Volunteer Army in the region of the Don river further east. They were assembled into a "Special Corps" but proved unable to resist the Directory's forces led by Symon Petliura . Skoropadskyi abdicated his position as Hetman on 14 December, as

576-473: The beginning of the World War II in 1939) and in 1944–1950, the starosta was the head of powiat (county) administration, subordinate to the voivode . Since local government reforms effective from 1 January 1999, the starosta is the head of the powiat executive board ( zarząd powiatu ), and the head of the powiat starostwo  [ pl ] (part of the powiat administration), elected by

608-846: The east it had a border with the Don Republic , to its south were the Black and Azov Seas, while the Crimean peninsula—the Crimean Regional Government —came under the control of Sulkevych . To the southwest along the Dniester lay a border with the Kingdom of Romania , to the west Ukraine bordered the German Empire and Austria-Hungary . To the north were the German-occupied territories of Ober Ost and

640-440: The fifth category of positions in local self-government bodies, and later by the law dated February 9, 2017 to the sixth category. This made it possible to streamline the structure and terms of payment for the newly elected starostas. On February 9, 2017, a law was adopted that more clearly defined the status and powers of the starosta. Also, this law introduced the concept of starosta okruhs ( elderships )―the territory on which

672-456: The interests of residents of all villages, towns and cities in united territorial communities to be properly represented, the law "On Voluntary Unification of Territorial Communities" adopted on February 5, 2015, introduced the institute of starosta, who were to be elected by residents of the respective settlements and represent their interests in the executive bodies of the council of the amalgamated territorial hromada. The mayor, in particular,

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704-624: The middle and lower sections of the Dnieper on the coast of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov . The Ukrainian State covered most of the territory of modern-day Ukraine—minus West Ukraine , Budjak and Crimea . Its territory however extended into today's Russia , Belarus , Moldova and Poland . To its northeast Ukraine established a preliminary demarcation line with the Russian SFSR , on

736-511: The starost is elected and over which his powers extend. The starosta okruhs were to be formed by the amalgamated territorial hromada council and could consist of several settlements, in addition to the administrative center of the amalgamated territorial hromada. It was also fixed for the starostas the right to a guaranteed speech at the meetings of the amalgamated territorial hromada council and its standing commissions on issues related to their starosta okruh, as well as added control functions over

768-467: The starosta, which were approved by the council of the amalgamated territorial hromada. In particular, the council of the amalgamated territorial hromada could authorize the starosta to perform notarial acts on his own, or to transfer relevant documents from residents to the executive body of the council and back. By the decree of the Cabinet of Ministers dated July 22, 2016, the starosta was assigned to

800-535: The territory of Ukraine. The German Army Group Kyiv was created in order to protect Ukraine from further Bolshevik aggression and headed by the German field marshal Hermann von Eichhorn . On 25 April, the administration of Army Group Kyiv suspected the government of Vsevolod Holubovych of kidnapping of Abram Dobry  [ uk ] , the chairman of the Foreign Trade Bank in Kyiv. Through that bank

832-739: The use of communal property objects and the state of improvement in their okruh. According to the monitoring of the Ministry of Communities and Territories Development regarding the implementation of the reform of local self-government and territorial organization of power in Ukraine, as of October 1, 2023, only 7,567 starostas were approved by the local council, while 7,567 starosta okruhs were allocated as part of territorial communities throughout Ukraine. Ukrainian State The Ukrainian State ( Ukrainian : Українська Держава , romanized :  Ukrainska Derzhava ), sometimes also called

864-681: Was altered. In contemporary Poland , starosta designates a district administrator, who heads the district administration starostwo and manages a powiat district, akin to the leader of a town or rural council. In the Ukrainian State during 1918, gubernatorial and povitian starostas controlled who represented the central government in regions. In 2014–2015, administrative and territorial reform began in Ukraine , during which adjacent territorial communities began to unite into larger amalgamated territorial hromadas . In order for

896-520: Was dispersed on 28 April 1918. The Ukrainian State was governed by Pavlo Skoropadskyi , the hetman of all Ukraine , who outlawed all socialist-oriented political parties, creating an anti-Bolshevik front with the Russian State . It collapsed in December 1918, when Skoropadskyi was deposed and the Ukrainian People's Republic returned to power in the form of the Directorate . As a result of

928-771: Was executed by Bolsheviks). That night the Hetman supporters took over government building of military and internal affairs as well as the State Bank . The following day, the elite and most loyal formation of the Central Council , the Sich Riflemen , was disarmed. Skoropadskyi issued his manifesto ( hramota ) "To the All-Ukrainian Nation" and the Law of the Provisional State System. Desiring stability,

960-573: Was from the 15th century the office of a territorial administrator, usually conferred on a local landowner and member of the nobility, Szlachta . Until the Third Partition of Poland in 1795, there were two types of Starosta: There were also general starosts who were provincial governors. All starosts disappeared after the Kosciuszko Insurrection in 1794 and were not reinstated until after World War I when their role

992-527: Was provoked by the requisitioning of food stocks and restoration of land to the wealthy landowners. Opponents of the Skoropadskyi regime committed acts of arson and sabotage and, in July 1918, assassinated Hermann von Eichhorn, the commander of German troops in Ukraine. In August 1918, the anti-Skoropadskyi coalition succeeded in forcing him to re-form the Sich Riflemen. By then it was becoming obvious that

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1024-620: Was taking place in the building of the Kyiv Circus . After receiving information about the situation at the Congress from his couriers, Pavlo Skoropadskyi later arrived in his car to the event where he was elected the Hetman of Ukraine . After that all participants moved to St. Sophia's Square , where Skoropadskyi was blessed by Nykodym , the Vicar of Kyiv and Galicia (Metropolitan Vladimir

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