103-600: The East Suffolk Militia was an auxiliary military unit in the English county of Suffolk in East Anglia . First organised as one of two regiments in the county during the Seven Years' War it served on internal security and home defence duties in all of Britain's major wars. It was converted to artillery in 1853 and continued in that role until its disbandment in 1909. The universal obligation to military service in
206-535: A Tyke from Yorkshire and a Yellowbelly from Lincolnshire . A traditional nickname for people from Suffolk is "Suffolk Fair-Maids", referring to the supposed beauty of its female inhabitants in the Middle Ages. Another is "Silly Suffolk", often assumed to be derived from the Old English word sælig in the meaning "blessed", referring to the long history of Christianity in the county. However, use of
309-473: A comprehensive education system with fourteen independent schools. Unusually for the UK, some of Suffolk had a 3-tier school system in place with primary schools (ages 5–9), middle schools (ages 9–13) and upper schools (ages 13–16). However, a 2006 Suffolk County Council study concluded that Suffolk should move to the two-tier school system used in the majority of the UK. For the purpose of conversion to two-tier,
412-603: A sword of state , helmet , gold and silver bowls, jewellery and a lyre . The Hoxne Hoard , to date the largest assembly of late Roman silver and gold discovered in Britain, was found near the village of Hoxne in 1992. While carrying out surveys before installing a pipeline in 2014, archaeologists for Anglian Water discovered nine skeletons and four cremation pits, at Bardwell , Barnham , Pakenham and Rougham , all near Bury St Edmunds. Neolithic, Bronze Age, Iron Age, Roman and medieval items were also unearthed, along with
515-564: A base in Sudbury. The UK horse racing industry is based in Newmarket. There are two United States Air Force bases in the west of the county close to the A11 . Sizewell B nuclear power station is at Sizewell on the coast near Leiston . Bernard Matthews Farms have some processing units in the county, specifically Holton . Southwold is the home of Adnams Brewery . The Port of Felixstowe
618-529: A captured smugglers' boat leading to the death of four soldiers, probably from alcohol poisoning . During the Second World War , Landguard Fort was used as one of the launch sites of Operation Outward . This was a project to attack Germany by means of free-flying hydrogen balloons that carried incendiary devices or trailing steel wires (intended to damage power lines.) Between 1942 and 1944, many thousands of balloons were launched. The main uses of
721-585: A county basis, and filled by voluntary enlistment (although conscription by means of the Militia Ballot might be used if the counties failed to meet their quotas). Training was for 56 days on enlistment, then for 21–28 days per year, during which the men received full army pay. Under the Act, Militia units could be embodied by Royal Proclamation for full-time home defence service in three circumstances: The 1852 Act introduced Artillery Militia units in addition to
824-527: A countywide constitutional convention". Following the May 2010 general election , all further moves towards any of the suggested unitary solutions ceased on the instructions of the incoming Cameron–Clegg coalition . In 2018 it was determined that Forest Heath and St Edmundsbury would be merged to form a new West Suffolk district, while Waveney and Suffolk Coastal would similarly form a new East Suffolk district. West Suffolk , like nearby East Cambridgeshire ,
927-734: A fifth of the schools inspected were judged inadequate. This is unacceptable and now means that Suffolk has a higher proportion of pupils educated in inadequate schools than both the regional and national averages." The Royal Hospital School near Ipswich is the largest independent boarding school in Suffolk. Other boarding schools within Suffolk include Barnardiston Hall Preparatory School, Culford School , Finborough School , Framlingham College , Ipswich High School , Ipswich School , Orwell Park School , Saint Felix School and Woodbridge School . The Castle Partnership Academy Trust in Haverhill
1030-411: A large number had been decapitated , which archaeologists claimed gave new insight into Roman traditions. The burial ground includes the remains of men, women and children who likely lived in a nearby settlement. The fact that up to 40% of the bodies were decapitated represents "quite a rare find". A survey in 2020 named Suffolk the third best place in the UK for aspiring archaeologists, and showed that
1133-616: A prime source of recruits. They served in coast defences, manning garrisons, guarding prisoners of war, and for internal security, while their traditional local defence duties were taken over by the Volunteers and mounted Yeomanry . On 7 February 1793 the East Suffolks deployed on the coast with 6 companies at Great Yarmouth in Norfolk and the other 2 at Lowestoft, then on 19 June it went to summer camp at Harwich , along with
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#17328009505531236-488: A shade of pink that was not traditional Suffolk Pink. He was required by local authorities to repaint. In another example of Suffolk taking its colours seriously, a homeowner in Lavenham was obligated to paint their Grade I listed cottage Suffolk Pink, to make it match a neighbouring property. The local council said it wanted all of the cottages on that particular part of the road to be the same colour, because they were
1339-459: A single building historically (300 years earlier). The historic Suffolk Pink colour has also inspired the name of a British apple. Suffolk is also home to nature reserves, such as the RSPB site at Minsmere , and Trimley Marshes , a wetland under the protection of Suffolk Wildlife Trust . The clay plateau inland, deeply intercut by rivers , is often referred to as 'High Suffolk'. The west of
1442-652: A traditional limewash mix. Additives used in this process include pig or ox blood with buttermilk , elderberries and sloe juice. Locals and historians often state that a true Suffolk Pink should be a "deep dusky terracotta shade", rather than the more popular pastel hue of modern times. This has caused controversy in the past when home and business-owners alike have been reprimanded for using colours deemed incorrect, with some being forced to repaint to an acceptable shade. In 2013, famous chef Marco Pierre White had his 15th-century hotel, The Angel, in Lavenham, decorated
1545-740: A variety of vegetables. The continuing importance of agriculture in the county is reflected in the Suffolk Show , which is held annually in May at Ipswich. Although latterly somewhat changed in nature, this remains primarily an agricultural show . Companies based in Suffolk include Greene King and Branston Pickle in Bury St Edmunds. Birds Eye has its largest UK factory in Lowestoft, where all its meat products and frozen vegetables are processed. Huntley & Palmers biscuit company has
1648-756: Is a banner of arms of the coat of arms which were attributed to Edmund the Martyr , a medieval king of East Anglia . It consists of two gold arrows passing through a gold crown or with heraldic description as Azure two Arrows in saltire, points downwards, enfiled with an ancient Crown Or . Novels set in Suffolk include parts of David Copperfield by Charles Dickens , The Fourth Protocol , by Frederick Forsyth , Unnatural Causes by P.D. James , Dodie Smith 's The Hundred and One Dalmatians , The Rings of Saturn by W. G. Sebald , and among Arthur Ransome 's children's books, We Didn't Mean to Go to Sea , Coot Club and Secret Water take place in part in
1751-510: Is a ceremonial county in the East of England and East Anglia . It is bordered by Norfolk to the north , the North Sea to the east , Essex to the south , and Cambridgeshire to the west. Ipswich is the largest settlement and the county town . The county has an area of 3,798 km (1,466 sq mi) and a population of 758,556. After Ipswich (144,957) in the south ,
1854-499: Is a fort at the mouth of the River Orwell outside Felixstowe , Suffolk , designed to guard the mouth of the river. It is now managed by the charity English Heritage and is open to the public. Originally known as Langer Fort, the first fortifications from 1540 were a few earthworks and blockhouse , but it was King James I who ordered, from 1621, the construction of a square fort with bulwarks at each corner. In 1667,
1957-526: Is held at Glemham Hall in August and attracts international acoustic, folk and roots musicians whilst also championing local businesses, heritage and crafts. In 2015 it was also home to the first instrumental festival of musical instruments and makers. More recently, LeeStock Music Festival has been held in Sudbury . A celebration of the county, "Suffolk Day", was instigated in 2017. The Suffolk dialect
2060-690: Is renowned for archaeological finds from the Stone Age , the Bronze Age , and the Iron Age . Bronze Age artefacts have been found in the area between Mildenhall and West Row, in Eriswell and in Lakenheath . In the east of the county is Sutton Hoo , the site of one of England's most significant Anglo-Saxon archaeological finds, a ship burial containing a collection of treasures including
2163-874: Is the oxlip . According to estimates by the Office for National Statistics , the population of Suffolk in 2014 was 738,512, split almost evenly between males and females. Roughly 22% of the population was aged 65 or older, and 90.84% were White British . Historically, the county's population has mostly been employed as agricultural workers. An 1835 survey showed Suffolk to have 4,526 occupiers of land employing labourers, 1,121 occupiers not employing labourers, 33,040 labourers employed in agriculture, 676 employed in manufacture, 18,167 employed in retail trade or handicraft, 2,228 'capitalists, bankers etc.', 5,336 labourers (non-agricultural), 4,940 other males aged over 20, 2,032 male servants and 11,483 female servants. Most English counties have nicknames for people from that county, such as
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#17328009505532266-858: Is the county's only All-through Academy Chain. Comprising Castle Manor Academy and Place Farm Primary Academy, the Academy Trust supports all-through education and provides opportunities for young people aged 3 to 18. Sixth form colleges in the county include Lowestoft Sixth Form College and One in Ipswich. Suffolk is home to four further education colleges: Lowestoft College , Easton & Otley College , Suffolk New College and Northgate Sixth Form (Ipswich) and West Suffolk College (Bury St Edmunds). The county has one university, with branches spread across different towns. The present University of Suffolk was, prior to August 2016, known as University Campus Suffolk . Up until it became independent it
2369-471: Is the largest container port in the United Kingdom. Other ports are at Lowestoft and Ipswich, run by Associated British Ports . BT Group plc has its main research and development facility at Martlesham Heath . Below is a chart of regional gross value added of Suffolk at basic prices published by Office for National Statistics with figures in millions of British Pounds Sterling. Suffolk has
2472-512: Is very distinctive. Epenthesis and yod-dropping is common, along with non-conjugation of verbs. The county's sole professional football club is Ipswich Town . Formed in 1878, the club were Football League champions in 1961–62 , FA Cup winners in 1977–78 and UEFA Cup winners in 1980–81 ; as of the 2024–25 season , Ipswich Town play in the Premier League , the top tier of English football. The club has as part of its crest
2575-566: The 2nd or East Suffolk Battalion at Ipswich commanded by Colonel Francis Vernon of Orwell Place (later Member of Parliament for Ipswich , who became Lord Orwell in 1762). The government would only issue arms from the Tower of London to militia regiments when they had enrolled 60 per cent of their quota: for the two Suffolk regiments this was on 27 April 1759, which was taken as their official date of formation. The regiments were embodied for full-time service on 16 October 1759. Soldiers' pay
2678-512: The BBC Four TV series Detectorists , an episode of Kavanagh QC , and the films Iris and Drowning by Numbers . During the period 2017–2018, a total of £3.8million was spent by film crews in Suffolk. The Rendlesham Forest Incident is one of the most famous UFO events in England and is sometimes referred to as "Britain's Roswell ". Landguard Fort Landguard Fort
2781-769: The Bedfordshire and West Kent Militia . The camp broke up on 10 October, when the East Suffolks went to winter at Newmarket , with 11 detachments in the surrounding area. With a French invasion possible, the Government augmented the strength of the embodied militia in early 1794: the East Suffolks by 59 men, recruited by voluntary enlistment and paid for by county subscriptions. The regiment spent from 7 May to 31 October that year encamped at Caister in Norfolk before moving into Great Yarmouth (5 companies), Lowestoft (1 company) and several small detachments (2 companies) for
2884-511: The Dutch , under Michiel de Ruyter , landed a force of 2,000 men on Felixstowe beach in front of (what is now called) Undercliff Road East and advanced on to the fort, but were repulsed by Nathaniel Darrel and his garrison of 400 musketeers of the Duke of York & Albany's Maritime Regiment (the first Royal Marines ) and 100 artillerymen with 54 cannon. The fort was considered part of Essex in
2987-697: The National Stud , and Newmarket Racecourse . Tattersalls bloodstock auctioneers and the National Horseracing Museum are also in the town. Point to point racing takes place at Higham and Ampton . Speedway racing has been staged in Suffolk since at least the 1950s, following the construction of the Foxhall Stadium , just outside Ipswich, home of the Ipswich Witches . The Witches are currently members of
3090-644: The Peninsular War and at the Battle of Quatre Bras . The East Suffolks became a Light Infantry regiment in 1831. Henry Bence Bence of Thorington Hall was promoted to colonel of the East Suffolk LI on 3 May 1844. He had served in the 16th Light Dragoons during the Peninsular War, being wounded at the Battle of Talavera , and had joined the East Suffolks as a major at the same time that
3193-709: The Premier League , the UK's first division. National League team Mildenhall Fen Tigers are also from Suffolk. Suffolk County Cricket Club compete in the Eastern Division of the Minor Counties Championship . The club has won the championship three times outright and has shared the title one other time as well as winning the MCCA Knockout Trophy once. Home games are played in Bury St Edmunds, Copdock , Exning , Framlingham , Ipswich and Mildenhall. The Suffolk flag
East Suffolk Militia - Misplaced Pages Continue
3296-700: The Restoration of the monarchy , and the Suffolk Militia played a prominent part in the Second Dutch War of 1667. However, after the Peace of Utrecht in 1715 the militia was allowed to decline. Under threat of French invasion during the Seven Years' War a series of Militia Acts from 1757 re-established county militia regiments, the men being conscripted by means of parish ballots (paid substitutes were permitted) to serve for three years. There
3399-471: The Shire levy was long established in England and its legal basis was updated by two acts of 1557 ( 4 & 5 Ph. & M. c. 3 and 4 & 5 Ph. & M. c. 2), which placed selected men, the ' Trained Bands ', under the command of lords-lieutenant appointed by the monarch. This is seen as the starting date for the organised county militia in England . It was an important element in the country's defence at
3502-546: The Suffolk Punch , a now endangered breed of draught horse native to the county. The next highest ranked team in Suffolk is Needham Market , who participate in the National League North, the sixth tier of English football. The town of Newmarket is the headquarters of British horseracing – home to the largest cluster of training yards in the country and many key horse racing organisations including
3605-519: The rivers Blyth , Deben , Orwell , Stour , and Alde/Ore ; the latter is 25.5 km (15.8 mi) long and separated from the North Sea by Orford Ness , a large spit . Large parts of the coast are backed by heath and wetland habitats , such as Sandlings . The north-east of the county contains part of the Broads , a network of rivers and lakes . Inland, the landscape is flat and gently undulating, and contains part of Thetford Forest on
3708-408: The 18th and 19th centuries; births and deaths within the garrison were recorded as 'Landguard Fort, Essex'. A new Fort battery was built in 1717, and a complete new fort on an adjoining site was started in 1745 to a pentagonal bastioned trace. New batteries were built in the 1750s and 1780s. The biggest change occurred in the 1870s when the interior barracks were rebuilt to a keep-like design and
3811-495: The 2nd Marquess two years later. Militia duties during the Napoleonic Wars were much as before: home defence and garrisons, guarding prisoners of war, and increasingly internal security in the industrial areas where there was unrest. Increasingly the regular army regarded the militia as a source of trained men and many militiamen took the proffered bounty and transferred, leaving the militia regiments to replace them through
3914-484: The 7th century in Oulton, near Lowestoft . The graves contained the remains of men, women and children, as well as artefacts including small iron knives and silver pennies, wrist clasps, strings of amber and glass beads. According to Andrew Peachey, who carried out the excavations, the skeletons had mostly vanished because of the highly acidic soil. They, fortunately, were preserved as brittle shapes and "sand silhouettes" in
4017-600: The Earl of Euston became colonel, being promoted to lt-col on 24 May 1837. His second-in-command, also appointed on 3 May 1844, was Lt-Col Charles Blois of Cockfield Hall , who had served in the Royal Dragoons and been wounded at Waterloo. The Militia of the United Kingdom was revived by the Militia Act 1852 , enacted during a renewed period of international tension. As before, units were raised and administered on
4120-465: The East Suffolk LI had changed to white facings. The East Sussex LI wore buttons with the numeral '34' within the strings of a light infantry bugle-horn . When the unit became artillery militia in 1853 it adopted a similar uniform to the Regular RA, in blue with red facings and trouser stripe, but with silver/white lace and piping instead of gold/yellow. The officers' waistbelt clasp in about 1880
4223-616: The East Suffolks 2 officers and 83 ORs volunteered, serving in the 2nd Provisional Battalion under Lt-Col Edward Bayley of the Royal West Middlesex Militia . The 2nd Provisional Bn assembled at Chelmsford and marched to Portsmouth where the Militia Brigade was assembling, arriving on 5 March. The brigade embarked on 10–11 March 1814 and joined the Earl of Dalhousie 's division that had occupied Bordeaux just as
East Suffolk Militia - Misplaced Pages Continue
4326-469: The East Suffolks moved back to Ipswich, with 5 companies deploying to Landguard Fort in June. In October the regiment returned to Woodbridge for the winter. By January 1762 the East Suffolks had been expanded to 12 companies, with 7 in Ipswich and 5 at Landguard Fort. In June, under Lord Orwell, it attended a training camp at Sandheath, near Ripley. It spent the winter from October at Woodbridge as usual. With
4429-589: The Fort and nearby structures were: Observers on top of Landguard Fort witnessed and plotted many air raids, German minelaying actions, shipwrecks and air crashes. In 1944, in a probable false alarm, the Landguard guns opened up on supposed German midget-sub raiders in the harbour entrance. Later that year, Allied landing ships loaded at the former RAF piers just to the north. The 10-inch gun pit in Left Battery
4532-520: The Norfolk border and Dedham Vale on the Essex border. It is also known for its extensive farming and has largely arable land . Newmarket is known for horse racing , and Felixstowe is one of the largest container ports in Europe . The Anglo-Saxon settlement of Suffolk, and East Anglia generally, occurred on a large scale, possibly following a period of depopulation by the previous inhabitants,
4635-487: The Peace of Amiens was shortlived and Britain declared war on France once more in 1803 when both Suffolk Militia regiments were re-embodied on 12 May. The East Suffolks at Ipswich had a new establishment of 30 officers, 28 sergeants, 19 drummers and 547 rank and file. It was still under the command of Col Goate, though he was replaced on 26 May 1803 by Charles, Viscount Brome , eldest son of Marquess Cornwallis ; he succeeded as
4738-529: The Romanised descendants of the Iceni . By the fifth century, they had established control of the region. The Anglo-Saxon inhabitants later became the "north folk" and the "south folk", from which developed the names "Norfolk" and "Suffolk". Suffolk was divided into four separate Quarter Sessions divisions, which met at Beccles , Bury St Edmunds , Ipswich and Woodbridge . In 1860, the number of divisions
4841-582: The Scottish Border. By 1 September the regiment with 560 men in 8 companies under Lt-Col John White was at Aberdeen Barracks forming the bulk of Brig-Gen John Gordon-Cumming's brigade. It subsequently spent two years in Scotland. In 1807 the regiment went back to Kent, spending the winter at Sheerness . It was in Maidstone during 1808 before returning to Sheerness on 15 February 1809. In June it
4944-516: The Seven Years War drawing to a close, Grafton and Orwell were instructed on 20 December 1762 to disembody the two battalions, and the East Suffolks returned to Ipswich to carry this out. Annual training continued thereafter, and officers were commissioned to fill vacancies. Although Ensign Cobbold was described as a Yeoman , the officers were generally drawn from the landed gentry of the county and guarded their status jealously: in 1768 one of
5047-626: The Suffolk Royal Field Reserve Artillery on 24 May 1908, but after a change in policy it was disbanded on 15 October 1909. In 1762 both battalions of the Suffolk Militia wore red facings on their red coats and the East Suffolks were recorded at Warley Camp in 1778 as still wearing red. But by 1780 both regiments wore yellow facings, and continued with these through the Napoleonic Wars. By 1850
5150-644: The Suffolk battalions demanded the resignation of one of their ensigns who had become an innkeeper. The militia was called out after the outbreak of the War of American Independence when the country was threatened with invasion by the Americans' allies, France and Spain. On 26 March 1778 Grafton was ordered to embody the two regiments once more. The regiments were inspected by general officers to determine if they were fit for service. The East Suffolks were reported as one of those regiments that had 'few or bad officers', but
5253-480: The Suffolk battalions was to consist of eight companies, one of which was a light company. They were also issued with two light 'battalion guns'. The French Revolutionary Wars saw a new phase for the English militia: they were embodied for a whole generation, and became regiments of full-time professional soldiers (though restricted to service in the British Isles ), which the regular army increasingly saw as
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#17328009505535356-562: The West Suffolks. Both sides appealed to the Duke of Grafton as Lord Lieutenant, who referred the question to the Home Secretary . He in turn insisted that it was Grafton's decision, and the duke reluctantly recommended Waring's transfer. The militia was already being called out when Revolutionary France declared war on Britain on 1 February 1793. The order to embody the Suffolk Militia had gone out on 4 December 1792. Each of
5459-683: The West Yorkshire Militia, who took over their quarters at Ashford. An eyewitness observed that the East Suffolks marched in with 14 loads of baggage, carried in hired waggons. In August the regiment was inspected at the castle by the Commander-in-Chief , the Duke of York , accompanied by Sir Charles Grey. During the year nearly 300 men drawn from the East Suffolk and Montgomeryshire Militia were employed in constructing
5562-445: The act was passed into law. In 2007 the Department for Communities and Local Government referred Ipswich Borough Council 's bid to become a new unitary authority to the Boundary Committee . Beginning in February 2008, the Boundary Committee again reviewed local government in the county, with two possible options emerging. One was that of splitting Suffolk into two unitary authorities – Ipswich and Felixstowe and Rural Suffolk; and
5665-424: The additional number, the East Suffolks included it in their insignia. When the Militia Artillery was formed its regiments took precedence alphabetically, Suffolk being 25th. The following served as Colonel of the East Suffolk Militia: After 1852 regimental colonels were abolished in the militia and replaced by Honorary Colonels : Suffolk Suffolk ( / ˈ s ʌ f ə k / SUF -ək )
5768-411: The annual Aldeburgh Festival is one of the UK's major classical music festivals. Originating in Aldeburgh , it has been held at the nearby Snape Maltings since 1967. Since 2006, Henham Park , has been home to the annual Latitude Festival . This mainly open-air festival, which has grown considerably in size and scope, includes popular music, comedy, poetry and literary events. The FolkEast festival
5871-455: The area was especially rich in finds from the Roman period, with over 1500 objects found in the preceding year. In July 2020, metal detectorist Luke Mahoney found 1,061 silver hammered coins, estimated to be worth £100,000, in Ipswich. The coins dated back to the 15th–17th century, according to experts. In September 2020, archaeologists announced the discovery of an Anglo-Saxon cemetery with seventeen cremations and 191 burials dating back to
5974-419: The autumn it concentrated at Ashford for the winter. On 17 February 1797 the militia were directed to be formed into brigades for their summer training. The East Suffolks, together with the Bedfordshires, Derbyshires, East Hampshires, and Yorkshire West Ridings, formed Gen Sir Charles Grey 's 4th Brigade of the division under Gen Sir William Howe . In May the East Suffolks marched to Dover Castle to relieve
6077-409: The ballot or 'by beat of drum'. The East Suffolks remained at Ipswich until 21 June when it marched to Hull. Now 715 strong in 10 companies, it, was part of the militia brigade garrisoning the port alongside regular artillery. Another duty of the militia here was to prevent smuggling by the local inhabitants. The regiment left Hull on 4 July 1805 when it moved to Berwick-upon-Tweed and Tweedmouth on
6180-476: The county lies on more resistant Cretaceous chalk . This chalk is responsible for a sweeping tract of largely downland landscapes that stretches from Dorset in the south west to Dover in the south east and north through East Anglia to the Yorkshire Wolds . The chalk is less easily eroded so forms the only significant hills in the county. The highest point in the county is Great Wood Hill , with an elevation of 128 metres (420 ft). The county flower
6283-451: The county, which was a novel experience for most of the junior officers and men. Ensign John Cobbold of the East Suffolks kept a diary of this march through Cambridge , Kettering , and Market Harborough to its assigned station at Leicester . On 14 October 1760 both regiments marched back to Bury St Edmunds and went into winter quarters in their home county, the East Suffolks at Beccles from 23 October, and later Woodbridge . In May 1761
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#17328009505536386-491: The county. Roald Dahl's short story "The Mildenhall Treasure" is set in Mildenhall. A TV series about a British antiques dealer, Lovejoy , was filmed in various locations in Suffolk. The reality TV series Space Cadets was filmed in Rendlesham Forest , although the producers fooled participants into believing that they were in Russia. Several towns and villages in the county have been used for location filming of other television programmes and cinema films. These include
6489-466: The damp conditions at the Fort, but an engraving of one of them survives. In the Napoleonic Wars , the strength and combat readiness of the Fort caused the Army repeated concern. In 1801, General Lord Cornwallis, Eastern District commander-in-chief visited Landguard Fort. After 1804 steps were taken to extend and strengthen the Fort with the supply and ammunition stores moved across to Harwich for safety. The badly-disciplined garrison had drunk gin found on
6592-422: The death of Marquess Cornwallis in 1823, Henry, Earl of Euston (later 5th Duke of Grafton), a half-pay Lieutenant in the 7th Hussars , was appointed colonel of the regiment on 23 September 1823. On 24 May 1830 he transferred to the vacant colonelcy of the West Suffolk Militia and was succeeded in command of the East Suffolks by John Rous, 2nd Earl of Stradbroke , who had served in the Coldstream Guards during
6695-457: The defences of Portsmouth until November 1860. Following the Cardwell Reforms a mobilisation scheme began to appear in the Army List from December 1875. This assigned places in an order of battle of the 'Garrison Army' to Militia Artillery units: the Suffolk Artillery's war station was in the Harwich Defences, including Landguard Fort , the Circular Redoubt , Angel Gate Battery, Shotley Battery, and adjacent towers. The Artillery Militia
6798-439: The largest towns are Lowestoft (73,800) in the north-east and Bury St Edmunds (40,664) in the west. Suffolk contains five local government districts , which are part of a two-tier non-metropolitan county also called Suffolk . The Suffolk coastline is a complex habitat , formed by London clay and crag underlain by chalk and therefore susceptible to erosion . It contains several deep estuaries , including those of
6901-464: The march. By now the danger of invasion seemed to have passed, and the militia were reduced, the two Suffolk battalions to less than 500 each. When the East Suffolks were inspected at Leeds in September 1800, the regiment mustered 32 officers and 459 ORs, reported as 'a serviceable body of men'. The regiment arrived at Sheffield on 12 November, when it was sent to the Midlands, marching in two 'divisions' to Stourbridge , Dudley and adjacent places for
7004-523: The men were actually called out each year. In 1786 the number of permanent non-commissioned officers (NCOs) was reduced, and Captain Walter Waring, a company commander of the East Suffolks, quarrelled with his commanding officer, Col Edward Goate, over the demotion of a corporal: both officers claimed the right to make such decisions (Waring accused Goate of using NCOs' places to provide for musicians whom he ought to have paid out of his own pocket). The dispute continued to 1789, with Waring offering to transfer to
7107-399: The modern defences at Dover Castle. In May 1798 the regiment returned to Ashford Barracks. In a fresh attempt to have as many men as possible under arms for home defence in order to release regulars, the Government created the Supplementary Militia in 1796, a compulsory levy of men to be trained in their spare time, and to be incorporated in the Militia in emergency. Suffolk's additional quota
7210-405: The more common primary to high school (11–16). Many of the county's upper schools have a sixth form and most further education colleges in the county offer A-level courses. In terms of school population, Suffolk's individual schools are large with the Ipswich district with the largest school population and Forest Heath the smallest, with just two schools. In 2013, a letter said that "...nearly
7313-413: The new few years. In October 1811 they were t Porchester , and spent 1812–13 at Gosport . During the period 1803–1813 the regiment supplied 1119 volunteers to regiments of the line (from its established strength of 521 men), mainly to the 43rd Light Infantry . In addition, from November 1813 the militia were invited to volunteer for limited overseas service, primarily for garrison duties in Europe. From
7416-490: The nine skeletons believed to be of the late or Post-Roman Britain . Experts said the five-month project had recovered enough artefacts to fill half a shipping container, and that the discoveries had shed new light on their understanding of the development of small rural communities. In 2019 an excavation of a 4th-century Roman burial in Great Whelnetham uncovered unusual burial practices. Of 52 skeletons found,
7519-549: The order in which they had arrived. During the War of American Independence the counties were given an order of precedence determined by ballot each year. For the Suffolk Militia the positions were: The militia order of precedence balloted for in 1793 (Suffolk was 19th) remained in force throughout the French Revolutionary War: this covered all the regiments in the county. Another ballot for precedence took place at
7622-405: The other, that of creating a single county-wide controlling authority – the "One Suffolk" option. In February 2010, the then-Minister Rosie Winterton announced that no changes would be imposed on the structure of local government in the county as a result of the review, but that the government would be: "asking Suffolk councils and MPs to reach a consensus on what unitary solution they want through
7725-533: The possibility of serving in Ireland, the East Suffolks' new establishment being 1073 all ranks in 8 companies. In the autumn of 1798 the East Suffolks moved to Dungeness for the winter. The following spring they left Kent and moved to Northern England, marching out on 16 April for their new station at Hull , the Grenadier Company (which had been detached to Canterbury) rejoining at Sevenoaks during
7828-456: The regiment in Ireland. The East Suffolks finally returned to Ipswich in January 1816 to be disembodied the following month. After Waterloo there was another long peace. Although officers continued to be commissioned into the militia and ballots were still held, the regiments were rarely assembled for training and the permanent staffs of sergeants and drummers were progressively reduced. After
7931-467: The regiment was at the defended port of Chatham, Kent , with the recruits detached to nearby Faversham on 29 September. It was not until 20 October the following year that it returned to Suffolk for winter quarters, with headquarters and 4 companies at Beccles, lowestoft and Bungay, 2 distributed between Woodbridge, Wickham Market , Framlingham and Aldeburgh , and the remaining 2 across Blythburgh , Halesworth, Saxmundham and Southwold . On 22 June 1782
8034-492: The regiment was nevertheless adequately trained. On 1 June 1778 the East Suffolks marched out to Warley Camp in Essex . At these summer encampments the completely raw Militia were exercised as part of a division alongside Regular troops while providing a reserve in case of French invasion of South East England. In November the regiment went into winter quarters in Essex, with 4 of its 8 companies at Romford and Hare Street , and
8137-456: The regiment was ordered to march to Brentwood, Essex , then on 8 November the remaining 7 companies were distributed in small detachments across Suffolk and Essex. By the end of 1782 a peace treaty had been agreed and the war was coming to an end, so orders to disembody the Suffolk Militia were issued on 4 March 1783. From 1784 to 1792 the militia were supposed to assemble for 28 days' annual training, even though to save money only two-thirds of
8240-672: The remainder distributed between Woodford , Epping , Ongar , Dagenham and Ilford . On 1 June the following year it went to at Coxheath Camp near Maidstone in Kent , which was the army's largest training camp. The East Suffolks formed part of the Right Wing under Maj-Gen Staats Long Morris , an American Loyalist officer. After the camp broke up, the East Suffolks returned to Ipswich on 27 November and were then quartered in detachments across Suffolk, at Beccles, Bungay , Halesworth , Yoxford , Saxmundham and Lowestoft . From 30 May 1780
8343-580: The river frontage was rebuilt with a new casemated battery covered by a very unusual caponier with a quarter-sphere bombproof nose. Several open bastions were enclosed, and a mock ravelin block was constructed to house a submarine mining contingent. Two landscapes were commissioned, c.1755, from Thomas Gainsborough - then still little-known and living at Ipswich (1750-9) - for the Governor's Quarters at Landguard by his friend Philip Thicknesse, Lt. Governor of Landguard Fort . These were later destroyed by
8446-418: The sand. Villages and towns in Suffolk are renowned for historic, pink-washed halls and cottages, which has become known far and wide as "Suffolk Pink". Decorative paint colours found in the county can range from a pale shell shade, to a deep blush brick colour. According to research, Suffolk Pink dates back to the 14th century, when these shades were developed by local dyers by adding natural substances to
8549-567: The start of the Napoleonic War, when Suffolk was 59th.This order continued until 1833. In that year the King drew the lots for individual regiments and the resulting list remained in force with minor amendments until the end of the militia. The regiments raised before the peace of 1763 took the first 47 places: the East Suffolk LI was 34th. Formally, it became the '34th, or East Suffolk Light Infantry Militia'; most regiments paid little notice to
8652-559: The term "Silly Suffolk" can actually be dated to no earlier than 1819, and its alleged medieval origins have been shown to be mythical. The majority of agriculture in Suffolk is either agronomy or mixed farming . Farm sizes vary from anything around 80 acres (32 hectares) to over 8,000. Soil types vary from heavy clays to light sands. Crops grown include winter wheat , barley , sugar beet , oilseed rape , winter and spring beans and linseed , although smaller areas of rye and oats can be found growing in areas with lighter soils along with
8755-466: The three-tier system was divided into four geographical area groupings and corresponding phases. The first phase was the conversion of schools in Lowestoft and Haverhill in 2011, followed by schools in north and west Suffolk in 2012. The remainder of the changeovers to two-tier took place from 2013, for those schools that stayed within local government control, and did not become Academies and/or free schools . The majority of schools thus now (2019) operate
8858-676: The time of the Spanish Armada in the 1580s, and control of the militia was one of the areas of dispute between King Charles I and Parliament that led to the English Civil War . The Suffolk Trained Bands were active in the Siege of Colchester and Battle of Worcester , and later in controlling the country under the Commonwealth and Protectorate . The English militia was re-established under local control in 1662 after
8961-678: The traditional infantry regiments. Their role was to man coastal defences and fortifications, relieving the Royal Artillery (RA) for active service. In 1853 the East Suffolk Light Infantry was converted into the Suffolk Artillery Militia with five batteries based at Ipswich. While Henry Bence Bence remained Colonel of the Regiment , Robert Shafto Adair , MP, (who later became Lord Waveney)
9064-593: The unified county of Suffolk. The county was divided into several local government districts : Babergh , Forest Heath , Ipswich , Mid Suffolk , St Edmundsbury , Suffolk Coastal , and Waveney . This act also transferred some land near Great Yarmouth to Norfolk. As introduced in Parliament, the Local Government Act would have transferred Newmarket and Haverhill to Cambridgeshire and Colchester from Essex; such changes were not included when
9167-562: The war was ending. The brigade did not form part of the Army of Occupation after the abdication of Napoleon and returned to England in June. Meanwhile, the rest of the East Suffolks went to Ireland in February 1814, and were still serving there while the short Waterloo campaign was fought in 1815. Indeed, even after the battle, on 16 August and 25 November two strong drafts of recruits were sent from Ipswich to Liverpool to be sent to reinforce
9270-525: The winter. By January 1801 it was at Wolverhampton . On 2 September that year it was sent back to Chelmsford in Eastern England. The French Revolutionary War was drawing to a close, and hostilities ended with the Treaty of Amiens on 27 March 1802. The East Suffolks were marched to Ipswich on 12 April and two days later warrants were issued to disembody both regiments of Suffolk Militia. However,
9373-563: The winter. Its summer camp in 1795 was at Warley (12 May–16 October) after which it wintered in Harwich (2 companies0, Landguard Fort (4) and detachments (2). On 19 April 1796 the East Suffolks moved to Canterbury , beginning a stay of several years in Kent. The regiment was dispersed across the county on 17 May, with 2 companies going to Tunbridge Wells , 2 to Penshurst , and 4 between Tonbridge , Malling , Mereworth , Teston and Yalding . In
9476-709: Was a collaboration between the University of Essex and the University of East Anglia which sponsored its formation and validated its degrees. UOS accepted its first students in September 2007. Until then Suffolk was one of only four counties in England which did not have a university campus. The University of Suffolk was granted Taught Degree Awarding Powers by the Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education in November 2015, and in May 2016 it
9579-413: Was a property qualification for officers, who were commissioned by the lord lieutenant. Suffolk was given a quota of 960 men to raise. The militia was strongly supported by the new Lord Lieutenant of Suffolk, the 3rd Duke of Grafton , and the county was one of the first to raise its quota. Grafton was ordered organise his men into two battalions as the 1st or West Suffolk Battalion at Bury St Edmunds and
9682-583: Was appointed Lieutenant-Colonel Commandant . In 1854 the new unit was painted by John Duvall undergoing training with heavy field guns on Landguard Common, and drilling in Landguard Fort . The corps was provided with a purpose-built barracks on the north side of Ipswich, opened in 1855. War having broken out with Russia in 1854 and an expeditionary force sent to the Crimea , the militia began to be called out for home defence. The Suffolk Artillery Militia
9785-637: Was at Ashford for the summer, then went to Winchelsea in Sussex on 14 October. From 28 November it was in winter quarters in Berkshire at Hungerford and Speen , Newbury . On 8 April 1810 the regiment moved to Middlesex , first at Brentford , then on 14 May to Acton , Ealing and Hanwell ; in June it sent a detachment to do duty at the Tower of London . In August 1810 the East Suffolks moved to Portsmouth in Hampshire , in which area they would spend
9888-593: Was awarded University status by the Privy Council and renamed The University of Suffolk on 1 August 2016. The university operates at five sites, with its central hub in Ipswich. Others include Lowestoft, Bury St. Edmunds, and Great Yarmouth in Norfolk. The university is organised in four academic schools and in 2022/23 had 13,700 students. 88% of the student body are aged over 21 and 46% of university students are male. Founded in 1948 by Benjamin Britten ,
9991-596: Was embodied at Ipswich early in 1855, and detachments were stationed at Landguard Fort, Tilbury Fort, and at Hull, later concentrated at Landguard. The unit volunteered for overseas service in the Mediterranean, but this offer was not taken up. It was disembodied in July 1856 It was also embodied on 12 April 1859 during the absence of much of the regular army fighting in the Indian Mutiny . This time it served in
10094-823: Was embodied from 1 May to 6 November 1900. In the postwar reorganisation of the Royal Artillery, the divisions were scrapped and the Suffolk Artillery became the Suffolk Royal Garrison Artillery (Militia) in 1902. Under the more sweeping Haldane Reforms of 1908, the Militia was replaced by the Special Reserve (SR), a semi-professional force whose role was to provide reinforcement drafts for regular units serving overseas in wartime. The Suffolk RGA (M) converted into
10197-465: Was fixed at 1470 men, and these were called out at Ipswich on 31 January 1798, where the West Suffolks were stationed and could carry out their initial training. The supplementary battalion of the East Suffolks then marched to join its regiment at Ashford. The purpose of the call-out was to replace militiamen who had volunteered to transfer to the Regular Army, and to augment the embodied militia for
10300-515: Was gilt, with the intertwined letters 'SA' in silver. From 1882 the officers wore the standard Eastern Division RA helmet plate, but in 1889 the words 'EASTERN DIVISION' on the lower scroll were replaced with "SUFFOLK ARTILLERY'. The officers' pouch flaps and sabretaches were embroidered with the Sea Holly ( Eryngium maritimum ) found growing on Landguard Common. In the Seven Years War militia regiments camped together took precedence according to
10403-655: Was reduced to two, when the Beccles, Ipswich and Woodbridge divisions merged into an East Suffolk division, administered from Ipswich, and the old Bury St Edmunds division became the West Suffolk division. Under the Local Government Act 1888 , the two divisions were made the separate administrative counties of East Suffolk and West Suffolk ; On 1 April 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972 , East Suffolk, West Suffolk, and Ipswich were merged to form
10506-635: Was reorganised into 11 divisions of garrison artillery in 1882, and the Suffolk unit became the 3rd Brigade, Eastern Division, RA . from 1 April 1882. This was changed to The Suffolk Artillery , Eastern Division, RA, on 1 July 1889. After the disasters of Black Week at the start of the Second Boer War in December 1899, most of the regular army was sent to South Africa, and many militia units were embodied to replace them for home defence and to garrison certain overseas stations. The Suffolk Artillery
10609-461: Was subject to various stoppages at the discretion of the Colonel for cleaning, repair and replacement of clothing and equipment. A venal colonel could make a great deal of money from his command, but the East Suffolks were proud that their regiment only had one stoppage, of 5 pence (2p) per week for 'small clothing'> At the end of 1759 the Suffolk Militia regiments made their first marches outside
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