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56-554: Prior to the 19th century, Mishawum (later Charlestown ) was only connected to the mainland (now Somerville ) by an isthmus called "the neck". Roads to Everett (previously a ferry), Medford, and Cambridge and Somerville fanned out from the Charlestown Neck. An extension of the Middlesex Canal from Medford to a millpond at the neck was authorized in 1795 and completed in 1803, with the canal running through where

112-674: A Puritan English city during the Colonial era, Charlestown proper was founded in 1628 and settled July 4, 1629, by Thomas Graves , Increase Nowell , Simon Hoyt, the Rev. Francis Bright, and the Spragues (Ralph, Richard, & William Sprague) , among some 100 others who preceded the Great Migration . John Winthrop 's company stopped here for some time in 1630, before deciding to accept the invitation of William Blaxton to settle across

168-662: A Boston designer who later designed the stained glass for the Connecticut State Capitol. The Warren Tavern first opened in 1780. It is located at 2 Pleasant Street. The building was one of the first built after the Battle of Bunker Hill . The Tavern took its name from Joseph Warren , American Patriot who played a key role in the American Revolution and was killed in the Battle of Bunker Hill. It

224-572: A facility of Massachusetts General Hospital. Many commercial ventures line the Mystic River along Medford Street and Terminal Street. The Navy Yard, home to USS  Constitution , is now part of the Boston National Historical Park , which marks the southern edge of the neighborhood. The waterfront has two marinas, Constitution Marina and Shipyard Quarters Marina. Charlestown is located north of downtown Boston on

280-775: A peninsula extending southeastward between the Charles River and the Mystic River . City Square in the southern part of Charlestown was the location of the city hall before annexation by Boston. It is also the terminus of the Charlestown Bridge and the former Warren Bridge , and was formerly a stop on the Charlestown Elevated . The Central Artery was built between 1951 and 1954, routing elevated ramps through City Square. The Central Artery North Area (CANA) project moved these underground, into

336-618: A role in the American Revolution on September 1, 1774 when a force of roughly 260 British regulars rowed from Boston up the river to a landing point near Winter Hill . From there, they marched about a mile (1.6 km) to the Powder House where a large supply of American gunpowder was kept; they removed all the powder, sparking a popular uprising known as the Powder Alarm . The Battle of Chelsea Creek took place in

392-553: A settlement. Thomas Walford, acting as an interpreter with the Massachusett Indians, negotiated with the local sachem Wonohaquaham for Endicott and his people to settle there. Although Walford had a virtual monopoly on the region's available furs , he welcomed the newcomers and helped them in any way he could, unaware that his Episcopalian religious beliefs would cause him to be banished from Massachusetts to Portsmouth , New Hampshire within three years. Originally

448-621: A some form of public transportation to get to their jobs and Charlestown is well served by public transportation as it is accessible by several forms of public transportation, including train, bus and ferry. The train transportation is the MBTA Orange Line , the Community College station , located near Bunker Hill Community College and serves the center of the town; and the Sullivan Square station , located on what

504-605: Is $ 89,017, and the median family income is $ 100,725. The median income for whites is $ 103,652; that for Blacks or African Americans, $ 12,143; for Hispanics or Latinos, $ 30,833; for Asians, $ 61,875; and for others, $ 16,876. Seventeen percent of the population and 37% of the children live below the Federal Poverty Line . Of married couples, 32.4% are living in poverty with families. Of male householders with no wife present, 3.4% live in poverty; and of female householders with no husband, 64.2% live in poverty. According to

560-740: Is also accessible via the Charlestown Navy Yard Ferry Terminal where the MBTA operates a ferry between the Navy Yard and Long Wharf (near the New England Aquarium ), making this a popular choice among both commuters and tourists. The Boston Harborwalk and the Freedom Trail pass through the neighborhood. But the jury they found me guilty, And the judge he wrote it down, "For breaking of

616-464: The Battles of Lexington and Concord . A restaurant opened in 1780 and still in operation, Warren Tavern , claims to have been one of Revere's favorite taverns. Of Charlestown's churches, St. Mary's (1887–1893) is considered one of the masterpieces of Patrick Keely . In St. John's Episcopal Church, on Devens Street, the central stained glass above the altar is a notable work of William James McPherson,

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672-484: The Charles River with him on the Shawmut peninsula . This was the first act in the foundation of the city of Boston . The territory of Charlestown was initially quite large. From it, Woburn was separated in 1642, Malden in 1649 (including what is now Melrose and Everett ) and Stoneham in 1725. South Medford , the land south of the Mystic River (now surrounded by Somerville), was known as "Mistick Field" and

728-587: The Irish Mob Wars of the 1960s. In the late 1980s, however, Charlestown underwent a massive Yuppie gentrification process similar to that of the South End . Drawn to its proximity to downtown and its colonial, red-brick, row-house housing stock, similar to that of Beacon Hill , many yuppie and upper-middle-class professionals moved to the neighborhood. In the late 1990s, additional gentrification took place, similar to that in neighboring Somerville. Today

784-720: The Massachusetts Bay Colony . Charlestown became a city in 1848 and was annexed by Boston on January 5, 1874. With that, it also switched from Middlesex County , to which it had belonged since 1643, to Suffolk County . It has had a substantial Irish-American population since the migration of Irish people during the Great Irish Famine of the 1840s. Since the late 1980s, the neighborhood has changed dramatically because of its proximity to downtown and its colonial architecture. A mix of yuppie and upper-middle-class gentrification has influenced much of

840-655: The Middlesex Fells , with an area of 307 acres (124 ha). Significant portions of the river's shores are within the Mystic River Reservation and are administered by the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation , which include a variety of recreation areas. The Mystic River has a long history of industrial use and a continuing water quality problem. Some sections are undergoing an extensive cleanup as part of

896-643: The Tobin Bridge to the City of Chelsea across the Mystic River . State routes passing through Charlestown include 38 to the City of Somerville and 99 to the City of Everett . The sole city-owned road linking the neighborhood Charleston with Downtown Boston is North Washington Street to the Southwest. According to the Census from 2010 to 2014, 53.7% of the population will drive to work and 30.0% will take

952-476: The 1870s and 1880s for railroad yards, though Sullivan Square remained a transportation hub. Horsecar service between Somerville and Charlestown began in 1858, supplanted by electric streetcars around 1890. The Boston Elevated Railway (BERy) opened its Main Line Elevated in 1901, with a grand enclosed terminus over Sullivan Square at the north end of the Charlestown Elevated section. In February 1950,

1008-634: The 2012–2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, the largest ancestry groups in ZIP Code 02129 are: The Massachusetts Department of Correction operated the Charlestown State Prison from 1805 until its closure in 1955. The former prison site is occupied by Bunker Hill Community College. The Boston Navy Yard was located in Charlestown from 1801 until it was closed in 1974. The United States Postal Service operates

1064-551: The 20th century and into the present is from drainage from cities and towns in the watershed. Many of the records of nearby drainage pipes have been lost, or have undocumented changes and diversions. Once described as having so many herring that one could cross the river on their backs, the Mystic River herring run is much smaller than it was in historic times. Pollution has raised bacteria levels and turbidity, making it unfavorable for fish to live in. In 1844, Medford abolitionist and writer Lydia Maria Child described her journey across

1120-710: The Charlestown Post Office. Boston's Charlestown neighborhood is served by the Boston Public Schools system. There are also private educational institutions within the neighborhood. Boston Public Library operates the Charlestown Branch. The library first opened in the Warren Institution for Savings building on January 7, 1862. The library moved to a larger space in the new Charlestown City Hall in 1869. In 1913

1176-591: The City Square Tunnel, making way for a revitalized surface park. The .17-acre (0.069 ha) Thompson Square is located at the confluence of Main Street, Dexter Row, Green Street, and Austin Street. Thompson Square station was formerly a stop on the Charlestown Elevated . A small portion of Charlestown is north of the Mystic River, containing the northern approach to the Malden Bridge and now

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1232-708: The Eastern Railroad used it as Boston access for its main line and Saugus Branch beginning in 1855. The B&M's East Somerville station and the Eastern's Somerville station were located along Cambridge Street just west of Sullivan Square. The presence of the railroad station lead to residential development west of Sullivan Square in East Somerville. Owing to competition from the railroads; canal traffic declined rapidly and it closed in 1853. The Millers River and surrounding wetlands were filled primarily in

1288-435: The Mystic River was home to many species of fish, including salmon , alewife , blueback herring , striped bass , bluefish , smallmouth bass , largemouth bass , bluegill , carp and more. Although most of these species still live in the Mystic River, pollution and dam building have severely damaged the populations. Pollution came from various mills and a small ship building yard in the past. The main source of pollution in

1344-692: The Mystic to her grandfather's house in the poem " Over the River and Through the Wood ." ( Grandfather's House , restored by Tufts University in 1976, still stands near the river on South Street in Medford.) John Townsend Trowbridge 's popular 1882 novel, The Tinkham Brothers' Tide-Mill , had its setting along the river at a time when saltwater still reached the Mystic Lakes. In Dennis Lehane 's novel of

1400-797: The Orange Line Sullivan Square or Community College stops or the I-93 expressway. Thomas and Jane Walford were the original English settlers of the peninsula between the Charles and the Mystic . They were given a grant by Sir Robert Gorges, with whom they had settled at Wessagusset ( Weymouth ) in September 1623 and arrived at what they called Mishawaum in 1624. John Endicott , first governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony , sent William, Richard and Ralph Sprague to Mishawaum to lay out

1456-608: The Sullivan Square area. The Interstate act as a boundary of Charlestown neighborhood with points heading west with only two roads heading westward: Cambridge Street in the north and Austin Street/Gilmore Bridge to the south. US 1 diverges with Interstate 93 at the Leonard P. Zakim Bunker Hill Memorial Bridge where US 1 becomes a toll road and passes below Paul Revere Park and City Square before becoming

1512-685: The Union Bank, You are sent to Charlestown." Mystic River The Mystic River is a 7.0-mile-long (11.3 km) river in Massachusetts . In the Massachusett language , missi-tuk means "large estuary", alluding to the tidal nature of the Mystic River. The resemblance to the English word mystic is a coincidence, which the colonists followed. The Mystic River lies to the north of Boston and flows approximately parallel to

1568-480: The United States. Also called Mishawum by the Massachusett , it is located on a peninsula north of the Charles River , across from downtown Boston, and also adjoins the Mystic River and Boston Harbor waterways. Charlestown was laid out in 1629 by engineer Thomas Graves , one of its earliest settlers, during the reign of Charles I of England . It was originally a separate town and the first capital of

1624-601: The West Indies. Extensive salt marshes lined the banks of the Mystic River until 1909, when the first Craddock Locks was built across the river, converting salt marsh to freshwater marsh and enabling development. The Amelia Earhart Dam was built in 1966, named for Amelia Earhart . In 1950, construction was completed on the Maurice J. Tobin Bridge which spans the Mystic River, joining Charlestown and Chelsea. At one time,

1680-527: The area, as it has in many of Boston's neighborhoods, but Charlestown still maintains a strong Irish-American population. In the 21st century, Charlestown's diversity has expanded dramatically, along with growing rates of the very poor and very wealthy. Today Charlestown is a largely residential neighborhood, with much housing near the waterfront, overlooking the Boston skyline. Charlestown is home to many historic sites, hospitals and organizations, with access from

1736-640: The branch moved to the intersection of Monument Avenue and Monument Square, in proximity to the Bunker Hill Monument . The branch moved to its current location in 1970. The Bunker Hill Public Housing has divided Bunker Hill Street into two Charlestowns. The housing development company Corcoran-SunCal plans to make changes and replace the 1,100 affordable units. "While preserving the affordable units, Corcoran-SunCal will also create approximately 1,700 additional market and moderate-rate units". This company will allow all current residents to move back into

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1792-402: The building served other purposes, and then was saved in the 1970s. The Tavern was reopened in 1972. The Constitution Yacht Charter is located on Boston Harbor. According to the U.S. Census Bureau in its 2007–2011 report, the population of Charlestown is 16,685, comprising 7,843 males and 8,842 females. The largest age group is 25 to 29 years (14.6%), the second-largest is 30 to 34 (12.3%), and

1848-572: The casino and about $ 150 million from the Boston Region Metropolitan Planning Organization. [REDACTED] Media related to Sullivan Square (Boston) at Wikimedia Commons 42°23′4.37″N 71°4′24.03″W  /  42.3845472°N 71.0733417°W  / 42.3845472; -71.0733417 Charlestown, Boston Charlestown is the oldest neighborhood in Boston, Massachusetts , in

1904-459: The city began construction on a highway project intended to relieve congestion in the square. The $ 5 million project replaced the road junction with a large traffic circle ; an underpass from Alford Street to Rutherford Street and an overpass from Broadway and Mystic Avenue to Rutherford Street were constructed. A cave-in occurred in November 1950 during underpass construction, and a section of

1960-482: The community's Training Field. The city developed a water supply from the Mystic Lakes and, on October 7, 1873, a vote was held to determine whether Charlestown should leave Middlesex County and join Boston as part of Suffolk County. Out of its 32,040 residents, 2240 voted in support of the merger and 1947 opposed. Boston residents also approved the question, 5,960–1,868. Charlestown's separate city government

2016-578: The construction of Everett's new Encore Boston Harbor casino. American Indians and colonists used weirs to catch alewives and fertilize their crops. In 1631, the first ship built in Massachusetts was the Blessing of the Bay , launched from the river's shores. The first bridge was built in 1637; neighboring towns squabbled about the costs for more than a hundred years. The Mystic River played

2072-509: The entrance to Encore Boston Harbor (which made jurisdiction over the casino a matter of dispute). This land was formerly a peninsula, but landfill has more completely connected it to the mainland of Everett. This boundary was part of the original 1649 separation of Malden from Charlestown, where the Penny Ferry operated at the time; the first bridge opened on the site in 1787. Two small hills mostly covered in residential buildings fill

2128-901: The extent that the informal demonym " Townie " continues to imply the working-class Irish, as opposed to newer immigrants. During the Civil War , over 26,000 men joined the Union Army and Navy at the Navy Yard , which was also responsible for constructing some of the most famous vessels of the conflict: the Merrimack , the Hartford , and the Monadnock . Following the war, the city commissioned Martin Milmore to construct its civil war memorial , dedicated in 1872 and still standing in

2184-772: The famous Battle of Bunker Hill , an early major battle in the American Revolutionary War . Launched in 1797, the USS Constitution is the oldest commissioned vessel in the US Navy and the oldest warship in the world still afloat. Today it is docked in the Charlestown Navy Yard , today part of the National Park Service. Charlestown was also the location from which Paul Revere began his famous "midnight ride" before

2240-482: The harbor from about 400 yards off the southern end of the peninsula. Charlestown, including its wharves and dockyards, was almost completely torched during the battle by British forces. The town was not appreciably rebuilt until the end of hostilities but, in 1786, the first bridge across the Charles River connected Boston with Charlestown. An 87-acre (35 ha) Navy Yard was established in 1800; Charlestown State Prison opened in 1805. The Bunker Hill Monument

2296-416: The housing complex. According to Project Manager Sarah Barnet, "by creating both affordable and market rate housing at the site the area will become a more thriving section of the neighborhood, a destination area for residents from all over a Charlestown and a high quality place for people to live". The Interstate 93 as the "Northern Expressway viaduct" travels roughly northwest–southeast and passes through

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2352-438: The interior of the neighborhood: Bunker Hill, which is more northerly, and Breed's Hill, which is the site of the Bunker Hill Monument . Bunker Hill was named after George Bunker, who had owned it during early settlement in the 1600s. Charlestown has many places of historical interest, some of which are included along the northern end of Boston's Freedom Trail . The Freedom Trail ends at the Bunker Hill Monument commemorating

2408-543: The lower portions of the Charles River , encompassing 76 square miles (200 km ) of watershed. The river flows from the Lower Mystic Lake and travels through East Boston , Chelsea , Charlestown , Everett , Medford , Somerville , and Arlington . The river joins the Charles River to form inner Boston Harbor . Its watershed contains 44 lakes and ponds, the largest of which is Spot Pond in

2464-416: The narrow Charlestown Neck that connected the northwest end of the Charlestown Peninsula to the mainland at Sullivan Square . On June 17, 1775, the Charlestown Peninsula was the site of the Battle of Bunker Hill , named for a hill at the northwest end of the peninsula near Charlestown Neck . British troops unloaded at Moulton's Point and much of the battle took place on Breed's Hill , which overlooked

2520-511: The neighborhood is a mix of yuppies, upper-middle-class and middle-class residents, housing projects, and a large working-class Irish-American demographic and culture that is still predominant. One of the oldest neighborhoods of Boston, Charlestown is home to the Bunker Hill Monument and historic Charlestown Navy Yard. Charlestown today is a mainly residential neighborhood with an institutional presence. Major institutions include Bunker Hill Community College , Spaulding Rehabilitation Center, and

2576-406: The plan by an overwhelming majority. By 1965, the plan had been reduced to tearing down only eleven percent of the neighborhood, as well as the removal of the elevated rail tracks. Throughout the 1960s until the mid-1990s, Charlestown was infamous for its Irish Mob presence. Charlestown's McLaughlin Brothers were involved in a gang war with neighboring Somerville 's Winter Hill Gang , during

2632-458: The river's watershed in May 1775, and the British attacked via the river's beach in the Battle of Bunker Hill in June. In 1805, the Middlesex Canal linked the Charles and Mystic Rivers to the Merrimack River in Lowell . Ten shipyards along the Mystic River built more than 500 clipper ships during the 19th Century. Shipbuilding peaked in the 1840s, as schooners and sloops transported timber and molasses for rum distilleries between Medford and

2688-542: The third-largest is 35 to 39 (9.7%). The majority of the population is white at 12,587 (75.4%). Minorities include Black or African at 1,227 (7.4%), Asian at 1,253 (7.5%), Hispanic or Latino at 1,227 (7.4%), and those of two or more races at 371 (2.2%). In recent years, the percentage of minorities living in Charlestown has increased from 4.9% of the population in 1990 to 23.5% in 2010. The population consists of 15.9% who are foreign born, 48.5% of whom are naturalized citizens , and 51.5% who are not. The median household income

2744-419: The traffic circle now stands. The junction was eventually named Sullivan Square after James Sullivan , an early 19th-century Governor of Massachusetts who was among the organizers of the canal. The Boston and Lowell Railroad opened in 1835, followed by the Boston and Maine Railroad (B&M) in 1844. The circumferential Grand Junction Railroad was added in 1849, though it did not have passenger service until

2800-432: The under-construction overpass collapsed in May 1952. The work was completed in 1953. Deferred maintenance, salt air corrosion, and complaints about noise led to the downfall of the Elevated (by then the MBTA Orange Line ). In 1975, the first phase of the Haymarket North Extension relocated the Orange Line alongside the railroad tracks on the west side of the square; the elevated station was soon demolished. Interstate 93

2856-407: Was Warren who directed Paul Revere and William Dawes to send the message to Samuel Adams and John Hancock that the British were setting out to raid the town of Concord. Warren's friend Captain Eliphelet Newell decided to build a tavern named after his friend. George Washington visited the tavern when he came to Massachusetts to visit his friend Benjamin Frothingham. After the Tavern was closed in 1813,

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2912-430: Was dissolved the next year. During the early 1960s, the city initiated plans to demolish and redevelop sixty percent of the housing in Charlestown. In 1963, the Boston Redevelopment Authority (BRA) held a town meeting to discuss their development plans with the community. The BRA's dealings with Boston's West End had created an atmosphere of distrust towards urban renewal in Boston, and Charlestown residents opposed

2968-571: Was erected between 1827 and 1843 using Quincy granite brought to the site by a combination of purpose-built railway and barge. Notable businesses included the Bunker Hill Breweries (1821) and Schrafft's candy company (1861). The Charlestown Branch Railroad opened in 1840 to Sweet's Wharf. Tudor Wharf was the departure point for the ships of the Tudor Ice Company . Around the 1860s an influx of Irish immigrants arrived in Charlestown. The area long remained an Irish and Catholic stronghold similar to South Boston , Somerville , and Dorchester , to

3024-427: Was once a narrow neck of land referred to as the Charlestown Neck . Two bus lines serve Charlestown. Both routes start at Sullivan Square. and travel to the Financial District of downtown Boston. The 93 bus goes from Sullivan Station, downtown via Bunker Hill Street and Haymarket Station. The 92 bus runs from Assembly Square Mall, downtown via Sullivan Square Station, Main Street and Haymarket Station. Charlestown

3080-414: Was simultaneously constructed overhead. In 2002, the overpass was removed due to its deteriorated condition. The construction of Encore Boston Harbor included $ 11 million of short-term improvements to the rotary and surrounding roads, which were constructed in 2018–19. A longer-term plan which eliminates the rotary entirely and establishes a local street grid is planned for 2021–2025, with $ 25 million from

3136-495: Was transferred from Charlestown to Medford in 1754. This grant also included the "Charlestown Wood Lots" (the Medford part of the Middlesex Fells), and part of what was at the time Woburn (now Winchester). Other parts of Medford were transferred to Charlestown in 1811. Still-rural Somerville was split off in 1842 as Charlestown was urbanizing. Everett , Burlington , Arlington and Cambridge also acquired areas originally allocated to Charlestown. Landfill operations eliminated

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