Misplaced Pages

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77-545: JSAT began in 1985, with the opening by the Government of Japan , of the communication markets in Japan and the founding of Japan Communications Satellite Company , Satellite Japan Corporation , Space Communications Corporation . It grew by own investment, mergers and acquisitions of the parent companies. As of August 2016, it includes the fleets of three previously mentioned companies, Horizons Satellite and NTT DoCoMo and

154-520: A DS2000 model for the Superbird-8 satellite, intended to replace Superbird-B2 and be positioned on the 162°East orbital slot. In May 2016, JSAT experience a satellite air transportation mishap where a dislodged tarpaulin had blocked a bleed valve on a satellite transport container and the Superbird-8 spacecraft suffered over pressurization damage. This occurred as the completed satellite

231-618: A Shadow Shogun . Unlike his European counterparts , the emperor is not the source of sovereign power and the government does not act under his name. Instead, the emperor represents the state and appoints other high officials in the name of the state, in which the Japanese people hold sovereignty. Article 5 of the Constitution, in accordance with the Imperial Household Law , allows a regency to be established in

308-442: A Zenit-3SL and was rechristened JCSAT-5A . It enabled the new service WIDESTAR II and deprecated the original N-STAR a and N-STAR b. During 2010, SKY Perfect JSAT Corporation acquires N-STAR c, completing the transfer of NTT orbital assets and management to JSAT. JSAT along NEC , NTT Com and Maeda Corporation formed a joint venture called DSN Corporation . On January 15, 2013, DSN Corporation announced that it had closed

385-651: A generalissimo . Although the Emperor was the sovereign who appointed the Shōgun, his roles were ceremonial and he took no part in governing the country. This is often compared to the present role of the Emperor, whose official role is to appoint the Prime Minister. The return of political power to the Emperor (to the Imperial Court) in 1868 meant the resignation of Shōgun Tokugawa Yoshinobu , agreeing to "be

462-619: A longitude of 110° East, from where it is used to provide communications services to Japan. The spacecraft was designed and manufactured by Lockheed Martin on the A2100-AX satellite bus . It had a launch mass of 3,531 kg (7,785 lb) with a dry mass of 1,669 kg (3,680 lb) and a 13-year design life. As most satellites based on the A2100-AX platform, it uses a 460 N (100 lb f ) LEROS-1C liquid apogee engine (LAE) for orbit raising . When stowed for launch,

539-576: A state of emergency , and may also dissolve the Diet's House of Representatives at will. The prime minister presides over the Cabinet and appoints, or dismisses, the other Cabinet ministers . Both houses of the National Diet designates the Prime Minister with a ballot cast under the run-off system. Under the Constitution, should both houses not agree on a common candidate, then a joint committee

616-733: A 10 kW power generation capacity and 15 years of expected life. It was successfully launched on October 1, 2003 aboard a Zenit-3SL rocket from the Ocean Odyssey platform in the Pacific. On August 30, 2005, Orbital Sciences announced that Horizons Satellite had ordered a small satellite based on the STAR-2 platform, Horizons-2 , for the PanAmSat licensed orbital slot at 74°West. It would carry 20 Ku band transponders, generate 3.5 kW of power, weight around 2.3 t (2.5 tons) and

693-577: A C-band and K u -band payload, and would be launched in 2007 to act as a backup for the whole JSAT fleet. During 2006, JSAT successfully launched two satellites. On 12 April 2006, a Zenit-3SL successfully orbited JCSAT-9 from a platform on the Pacific Ocean . JSAT had leased some transponders to NTT DoCoMo to be used as N-STAR d . Once in its 132° East orbital position, it was known as JCSAT 5A and N-STAR d . Then, on 11 October 2006, an Ariane 5 ECA launched JCSAT-10 along Syracuse-3B into

770-423: A backup to the existing fleet. On September 8, Arianespace announced that it had signed a launch service contract for the launch of JCSAT-15 aboard an Ariane 5 ECA rocket. And on September 10, 2014, JSAT announced that it had signed a second launch service contract with SpaceX for the launch of JCSAT-16 aboard a Falcon 9 rocket. The June 28, 2015 failure of Falcon 9 Flight 19 meant a delay of at least six months on

847-576: A contract with the Ministry of Defense to execute the "Program to Upgrade and Operate X-Band Satellite Communications Functions, etc". The contract was a private finance initiative , where private funds, management and technical capabilities were used to upgrade and operate the Japanese military X band satellite network. With the new venture in place, the DSN Corporation took on manufacture and launch of two satellites plus making upgrades to

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924-482: A decision of the Japanese government that effectively lifted a ban on such mixed satellites, both companies would share a spacecraft to act as backup of JCSAT-110 on the 110°East slot. Named JCSAT-110R and BSAT-3c , it was to be launched in 2011, and it would be managed by B-SAT. On September 19, 2007, they closed a deal with Arianespace for a launch slot with an Ariane 5 for its launch. In March 2008, SCC became

1001-579: A geostationary transfer orbit from Centre Spatial Guyanais ELA-2 . One hour later, at 00:04 UTC, on 7 October 2000, the first signals from the satellite were successfully received from the Australia ground station. On 14 October 2000, at around 03:00 UTC, N-SAT 110 reached the geostationary orbit . Once it was put into orbit, it was renamed as JCSAT-110 by JCSAT and Superbird-D by SCC. On 1 October 2008, JSAT Corporation and Space Communications Corporation merged into SKY Perfect JSAT Group , and

1078-426: A launch service contract with SpaceX for the launch of JCSAT-14 aboard a Falcon 9 rocket. The expected launch date was the second half of 2015. In April 2014, SSL announced that it had been awarded a contract by JSAT to manufacture two satellites: JCSAT-15 , a 10-kW satellite to replace N-SAT-110 plus expansion capability, and JCSAT-16 , an 8.5-kW satellite with K u band and K a band payload to be used as

1155-477: A satellite from Boeing , Superbird-C . On July 28, 1997, Superbird-C was orbited by an Atlas IIAS . On 1995, SCC obtained a license to offer communication services in the international market and thus became a regional operator. On April 6, 1998, SCC ordered a second satellite from Boeing, Superbird-4 . On February 18, 2000 Superbird-4 was orbited by an Ariane 44LP, at which point it was renamed as Superbird-B2. By September 1997, both JSAT and SCC had requested

1232-479: A term of four years or less; with no limits imposed on the number of terms the Prime Minister may hold. The Prime Minister heads the Cabinet and exercises "control and supervision" of the executive branch, and is the head of government and commander-in-chief of the Japan Self-Defense Forces . The prime minister is vested with the power to present bills to the Diet, to sign laws, to declare

1309-572: A third satellite from Hughes, using the HS-601 platform. In 1995, JCSAT obtained a license for international service, and thus became a regional operator. On 29 August 1995, an Atlas IIAS successfully launched JCSAT-3 into orbit. In December 1995, JCSAT ordered a fourth satellite, JCSAT-4 , with the same manufacturer and platform as JCSAT-3. On 17 February 1997, JCSAT-4 was renamed JCSAT-R after being put in orbit by an Atlas IIAS. In June 1996, JCSAT ordered JCSAT-5 , another HS-601-based satellite, and

1386-522: A transfer orbit. Upon successful deployment at 128° East longitude, it was renamed JCSAT-3A . On 1 May 2007, Intelsat put the order for the STAR-2 -based Intelsat 15 satellite to Orbital Sciences . In a business deal, five of its 22 K u -band transponders were sold to JSAT. Under this arrangement, Intelsat-15 became JCSAT-85 for the JSAT payload, since it was to be positioned at the 85° E longitude. The almost 19-year streak of successful JCSAT launches

1463-677: A was successfully launched aboard an Ariane 44P on August 29, 1995. Its twin, N-STAR b, launched on February 5, 1996, also aboard an Ariane 44P. The satellite telephone service was operational in March 1996. In March 2000, the packet communications service was introduced. In March 2000, JSAT received the NTT Communications interest in the N-STAR a and N-STAR b. In October 1999, N-STAR c was ordered by NTT DoCoMo from Lockheed Martin and Orbital Sciences Corporation . Orbital would supply

1540-622: A wholly owned subsidiary of SKY Perfect JSAT Group . At the SKY Perfect JSAT board meeting of August 6, 2008, it was resolved to merge SKY Perfect Communications, JSAT Corporation and Space Communications Corporation. This consolidated the Superbird fleet into JSAT and created the fifth satellite operator in the world at the time. On December 15, 2008, JSAT and B-SAT placed a joint order with Lockheed for another A2100-based satellite. Designated JCSAT-110R by JSAT and BSAT-3c by B-SAT, it

1617-599: Is 7.8% at the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, 8% at the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, and only 1.3% at the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. On 12 February 2021, Tetsushi Sakamoto was appointed as the Minister of Loneliness to alleviate social isolation and loneliness across different age groups and genders. The emperor of Japan is the head of the Imperial Family and

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1694-607: Is a series of ministry-affiliated government agencies and bureaus responsible for government procedures and activities as of 23 August 2022. The legislative branch organ of Japan is the National Diet ( 国会 ) . It is a bicameral legislature, composing of a lower house, the House of Representatives , and an upper house, the House of Councillors . Empowered by the Constitution to be "the highest organ of State power" and

1771-400: Is allowed to be established to agree on the matter; specifically within a period of ten days, exclusive of the period of recess. However, if both houses still do not agree to each other, the decision made by the House of Representatives is deemed to be that of the National Diet. Upon designation, the Prime Minister is presented with their commission, and then formally appointed to office by

1848-647: Is ceremonial and he has no powers related to the Government. Instead, it is the Cabinet , comprising the Prime Minister and the Ministers of State , that directs and controls the government and the civil service . The Cabinet has the executive power and is formed by the prime minister, who is the head of government . The Prime Minister is nominated by the National Diet and appointed to office by

1925-532: Is the central government of Japan . It consists of legislative , executive and judiciary branches and functions under the framework established by the Constitution of Japan , adopted in 1947 and written by American officials in the Allied occupation of Japan after World War II . Japan is a unitary state , containing forty-seven administrative divisions , with the Emperor as its head of state . His role

2002-461: Is the only person that has the authority to appoint the prime minister , even though the Diet has the power to designate the person fitted for the position. One such example can be prominently seen in the 2009 Dissolution of the House of Representatives . The House was expected to be dissolved on the advice of the prime minister, but was temporarily unable to do so for the next general election, as both

2079-584: Is used primarily for multi-channel pay per view business. In September 1997, both JCSAT and Space Communications Corporation (SCC) had requested the 110° East position. The Japanese government made both companies share the 110° East position, and thus they both made a joint order on 20 November 1998 for N-SAT 110 from Lockheed Martin . JCSAT used the JCSAT-7 designation for this satellite, while SCC used Superbird-5 . On 6 October 2000 at 23:00 UTC , an Ariane-42L H10-3 successfully launched N-SAT 110 to

2156-429: The Cabinet is the source of executive power and most of its power is exercised directly by the prime minister , several of its powers are exercised through the Emperor. The powers exercised via the Emperor, as stipulated by Article 7 of the Constitution, are: These powers are exercised in accordance with the binding advice of the Cabinet. The emperor is known to hold the nominal ceremonial authority. For example, he

2233-515: The DSN military network . SKY Perfect JSAT Group has gone through some significant mergers and acquisition and the JSAT constellation has grown accordingly. It has practically amalgamated all private satellite operators in Japan, with only B-SAT left as a competitor. Since these mergers were the result of the opening of the communication markets in Japan, that growth does not mean that it has monopolised

2310-468: The Emperor . As a candidate designated by the Diet, the prime minister is required to report to the Diet whenever demanded. The prime minister must also be both a civilian and a member of either house of the Diet. The Cabinet of Japan ( 内閣 ) consists of the Ministers of State and the Prime Minister. The members of the Cabinet are appointed by the Prime Minister, and under the Cabinet Law,

2387-465: The House of Councilors being the upper house , and the House of Representatives being the lower house . The members of both houses of the Diet are directly elected by the people , who are the source of sovereignty . The Diet is defined as the supreme organ of sovereignty in the Constitution. The Supreme Court and other lower courts make up the Judicial branch and have all the judicial powers in

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2464-737: The National Diet Building , the Imperial Palace , the Supreme Court, the Prime Minister's Office and the ministries are all located. Before the Meiji Restoration , Japan was ruled by the government of a successive military shōgun . During this period, effective power of the government resided in the Shōgun, who officially ruled the country in the name of the Emperor. The Shōgun were the hereditary military governors, with their modern rank equivalent to

2541-640: The Prussian model of the time. A new aristocracy known as the kazoku was established. It merged the ancient court nobility of the Heian period , the kuge , and the former daimyō , feudal lords subordinate to the shōgun . It also established the Imperial Diet , consisting of the House of Representatives and the House of Peers . Members of the House of Peers were made up of the Imperial Family ,

2618-494: The 110°East position. The Japanese government made them share that position and thus both made in November 1998 a joint order for N-SAT-110 from Lockheed Martin . It was also called JCSAT-7 by JSAT and Superbird-5 by SCC, but was later rechristened as JCSAT 110 and Superbird-D once it was on orbit. N-SAT-110 was successfully launched on October 6, 2000 by an Ariane 42L. In September 2001 SCC ordered Superbird-6 from Boeing. It

2695-415: The 124° East longitude position, it will be rushed into service at the 162°East position to replace Superbird-B2 , a satellite past its design life. Originally Superbird-8 was supposed to replace Superbird-B2, but a mishap during transport to the launch site in March 2016 meant that it would be delayed between one and two years. Space Communications Corporation (SCC) was founded in 1985, the same year as

2772-618: The 154° East slot. N-SAT-110 was successfully launched on 6 October 2000 by an Ariane 42L , at which point it was renamed JCSAT 110 and Superbird-D . An Ariane 44L successfully launched JCSAT-8 on 28 March 2002 from Centre Spatial Guyanais . Once successfully deployed, it was renamed JCSAT-2A . JSAT switched satellite suppliers again and, on 30 April 2003, awarded an order for JCSAT-9 to Lockheed Martin Space Systems and its A2100AXS platform. A hybrid satellite with 20 C-band , 20 K u -band , and 1 S-band transponders, it

2849-575: The Cabinet cannot be subject to legal action without the consent of the Prime Minister; however, without impairing the right to take legal action. As of 14 December 2023, the makeup of the Cabinet: The ministries of Japan ( 中央省庁 , Chuo shōcho ) consist of eleven executive ministries and the Cabinet Office . Each ministry is headed by a Minister of State , which are mainly senior legislators, and are appointed from among

2926-513: The Emperor and Empress were visiting Canada . In this manner, the emperor 's modern role is often compared to those of the Shogunate period and much of Japan's history , whereby the emperor held great symbolic authority but had little political power ; which is often held by others nominally appointed by the emperor himself. Today, a legacy has somewhat continued for a retired prime minister who still wields considerable power, to be called

3003-473: The Emperor. The current cabinet is Second Ishiba Cabinet , was formed on 11 November 2024, is led by the prime minister Shigeru Ishiba who assumed office on 1 October 2024. The country has had a Liberal Democratic – Komeito coalition minority government since 2024 . The National Diet is the legislature , the organ of the Legislative branch. The Diet is bicameral , consisting of two houses with

3080-581: The Falcon 9 launches. On February 3, 2016, Lockheed Martin announced that it had been awarded an order for JCSAT-17 for delivery in 2019. Because of its configurable S band payload, it would be able to redirect capacity to concentrate on disaster relief efforts or other high-volume events. On May 5, 2016, at 05:21 UTC, the Falcon 9 successfully launched JSCAT-14 to a geosynchronous transfer orbit . The rocket's first stage subsequently landed on an autonomous spaceport drone ship . The next day, SSL announced that

3157-540: The Kazoku, and those nominated by the Emperor, while members of the House of Representatives were elected by direct male suffrage. Despite clear distinctions between powers of the executive branch and the Emperor in the Meiji Constitution, ambiguity and contradictions in the Constitution eventually led to a political crisis . It also devalued the notion of civilian control over the military , which meant that

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3234-410: The Prime Minister to appoint some non-elected Diet officials. The Cabinet is required to resign en masse while still continuing its functions, till the appointment of a new Prime Minister, when the following situation arises: Conceptually deriving legitimacy from the Diet, whom it is responsible to, the Cabinet exercises its power in two different ways. In practice, much of its power is exercised by

3311-423: The Prime Minister, while others are exercised nominally by the Emperor. Article 73 of the Constitution of Japan expects the Cabinet to perform the following functions, in addition to general administration: Under the Constitution, all laws and cabinet orders must be signed by the competent Minister and countersigned by the Prime Minister, before being formally promulgated by the Emperor . Also, all members of

3388-460: The ceremonial head of state . He is defined by the Constitution to be "the symbol of the State and of the unity of the people". However, his role is entirely ceremonial and representative in nature. As explicitly stated in article 4 of the Constitution, he has no powers related to government. Article 6 of the Constitution of Japan delegates the Emperor the following ceremonial roles: While

3465-554: The contract to launch JCSAT-13 on an Ariane 5 ECA. On August 21, 2009, an Ariane 5 ECA successfully orbited JCSAT-12 along with Optus D3 . Upon reaching orbit, JCSAT-12 was renamed JCSAT-RA , which functions as an on-orbit backup. On November 30 of the same year, a Zenit-3SLB successfully launched Intelsat-15/JCSAT-85. On August 6, 2011, JCSAT-110R/BSAT-3c and its launch companion Astra 1N were successfully put in orbit by an Ariane 5 ECA. On May 15, 2012, again on an Ariane 5 ECA, JCSAT-13 and Vinasat-2 were launched into orbit. After

3542-583: The emperor's name, should the emperor be unable to perform his duties. On November 20, 1989, the Supreme Court ruled it doesn't have judicial power over the emperor . The Imperial House of Japan is said to be the oldest continuing hereditary monarchy in the world. According to the Kojiki and Nihon Shoki , Japan was founded by the Imperial House in 660 BC by Emperor Jimmu. Emperor Jimmu

3619-487: The era name of Reiwa. Fumihito is the heir presumptive to the Chrysanthemum Throne . The executive branch of Japan is headed by the prime minister . The prime minister is the head of the Cabinet , and is designated by the legislative organ, the National Diet . The Cabinet consists of the Ministers of State and may be appointed or dismissed by the Prime Minister at any time. Explicitly defined to be

3696-493: The ground control station network. DSN is to operate, manage and maintain the facilities and equipment from fiscal years 2015 to 2030, at a total estimated program cost of ¥122,074,026,613. The 2013 plan called for the launch of the first satellite in December 2015, with a start of operations in March 2016 and a termination of operations on April 2030. In the event, the 2015 launch was delayed by two years. The second satellite

3773-628: The instrument for carrying out" the Emperor's orders. This event restored the country to Imperial rule and the proclamation of the Empire of Japan . In 1889, the Meiji Constitution was adopted in a move to strengthen Japan to the level of western nations, resulting in the first parliamentary system in Asia. It provided a form of mixed constitutional - absolute monarchy (a semi-constitutional monarchy ), with an independent judiciary, based on

3850-459: The launch success, JCAST-13 was renamed JCSAT-4B . After reaching the 124°East, it was commissioned into service on July 10, replacing JCSAT-4A. On June 11, 2013, SSL announced that it had been awarded a contract by JSAT to manufacture JCSAT-14 . It would be a 10 kW satellite with 26 C band and 18 K u band transponders with 15 years of expected life. It was scheduled for launch in 2015. On January 10, 2014, JSAT announced that it had signed

3927-424: The members of the Cabinet by the Prime Minister. The Cabinet Office, formally headed by the Prime Minister, is an agency that handles the day-to-day affairs of the Cabinet. The ministries are the most influential part of the daily-exercised executive power, and since few ministers serve for more than a year or so necessary to grab hold of the organisation, most of its power lies within the senior bureaucrats . Below

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4004-526: The military could develop and exercise a great influence on politics. Following the end of World War II , the present Constitution of Japan was adopted. It replaced the previous Imperial rule with a form of Western-style liberal democracy . As of 2020, the Japan Research Institute found the national government is mostly analog, because only 7.5% (4,000 of the 55,000) administrative procedures can be completed entirely online. The rate

4081-414: The number of members of the Cabinet appointed, excluding the Prime Minister, must be fourteen or less, but may only be increased to nineteen should a special need arise. Article 68 of the Constitution states that all members of the Cabinet must be civilians and the majority of them must be chosen from among the members of either house of the National Diet . The precise wording leaves an opportunity for

4158-437: The only "sole law-making organ of the State", its houses are both directly elected under a parallel voting system and is ensured by the Constitution to have no discrimination on the qualifications of each members; whether be it based on "race, creed, sex, social status, family origin, education, property or income". The National Diet, therefore, reflects the sovereignty of the people; a principle of popular sovereignty whereby

4235-504: The original companies that later formed JSAT. On 1986 SCC ordered four spacecraft from Space Systems/Loral , Superbird-A , Superbird-B , Superbird-A1 and Superbird-B1 . SCC was related to the Mitsubishi Group , and has been a part of their keiretsu . On June 5, 1989 Superbird-A, the second private communications satellite of Japan was launched aboard an Ariane 44L along DFS Kopernikus-1 . On February 22, 1990 Superbird-B

4312-500: The power production. It was never commissioned into service. On November 1, 2005, SCC orders its first satellite to be built in Japan, the Superbird-7 by MELCO . It was successfully launched along AMC-21 by an Ariane 5 ECA on August 14, 2008, at which time it was renamed as Superbird-C2. In March 2008, SCC becomes a fully owned subsidiary of SKY Perfect JSAT Group . On the SKY Perfect JSAT board meeting of August 6, 2008, it

4389-581: The same year, JCSAT awarded an order to Hughes Space and Communications for two identical satellites, JCSAT-1 and JCSAT-2 , based on the spin-stabilized HS-393 satellite bus . JCSAT-1, the first commercial Japanese communications satellite, was successfully launched aboard an Ariane-44LP on 6 March 1989. Its brother (JCSAT-2), was launched aboard a Commercial Titan III on 1 January 1990. On 1993, Japan Communications Satellite Company and Satellite Japan Corporation merged to form Japan Satellite Systems Inc. (JCSAT). That same year, JCSAT ordered JCSAT-3 ,

4466-458: The satellite had deployed the solar arrays, was in full control, and was performing orbital maneuvers to reach its operational position. Renamed JCSAT-2B, it was on track to reach its 154°East orbital slot. At the scheduled August 14 at 05:26  UTC, SpaceX successfully launched the JCSAT-16 satellite into orbit on a Falcon 9 rocket. While JCSAT-16 was supposed to serve as on-orbit backup at

4543-454: The satellite was 6 m (20 ft) high. Its dual wing solar panels gave a power generation capability of 8.3 kW at the end of its design life, with a span of 26.4 m (87 ft) when deployed. With antennas deployed, its width was 8.3 m (27 ft). Its payload is composed of twenty-four 36 MHz Ku-band transponders with a TWTA output power of 120 watts per channel. With its total bandwidth of 864 GHz, it

4620-544: The segment, but rather is the go-to company for space segment operation. During its history, the JSAT network has absorbed a series of fleets and constellations . Some are core constellations, some are operation for third parties and some are joint ventures. As of August 2016, the current configuration of the JSAT fleet is this: With the opening of the Japanese satellite communications market to private investment, Japan Communications Satellite Company (JCSAT) and Satellite Japan Corporation were founded in 1985. In June of

4697-421: The source of executive power , it is in practice, however, mainly exercised by the prime minister. The practice of its powers is responsible to the Diet, and as a whole, should the Cabinet lose confidence and support to be in office by the Diet, the Diet may dismiss the Cabinet en masse with a motion of no confidence . The Prime Minister of Japan ( 内閣総理大臣 ) is designated by the National Diet and serves

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4774-602: The spacecraft and procure launch services and Lockheed would deliver the payload an act a main contractor. The satellite was successfully launched on July 5, 2002 along Stellat 5 on an Ariane 5G . In August 2003 the JSAT acquired the NTT DoCoMo interest on N-STAR a and N-STAR b, whom then leased them back. JSAT ordered JCSAT-9 from Lockheed Martin , and in May 2003 leased some transponders to NTT DoCoMo to be used as N-STAR d. JCSAT-9 successfully launched on April 12, 2006 aboard

4851-418: The state. The Supreme Court has ultimate judicial authority to interpret the constitution and the power of judicial review . The judicial branch is independent from the executive and the legislative branches. Judges are nominated or appointed by the Cabinet and never removed by the executive or the legislature except during impeachment . The Government of Japan is based in the capital of Tokyo , where

4928-434: The supply of these latter two WIDESTAR satellite telephone and data packet service. JSAT would handle the satellite side of business and NTT DoCoMo would operate the payload. Two identical satellites were ordered on 1992 from Space Systems Loral , N-STAR a and N-STAR b , for 1995 and 1996 on orbit delivery. They would be "switchboards in the sky" having S band , C band , K a band and K u band payload. N-STAR

5005-424: The supreme power lies within, in this case, the Japanese people . JCSAT-110 JCSAT-110 , also known as N-SAT 110 , JCSAT-7 , Superbird-5 and Superbird-D , is a Japanese geostationary communications satellite which was operated by JSAT Corporation and Space Communications Corporation until both companies merged into SKY Perfect JSAT Group in 2008. It is positioned in geostationary orbit at

5082-540: The twin JCSAT-6 in December 1996, from Hughes. By September 1997, both JCSAT and Space Communications Corporation (SCC) had requested the 110° East position. The Japanese government made both companies share the 110° E position, and thus both made a joint order in November 1998 for N-SAT-110 from Lockheed Martin . It was also called JCSAT-7 by JCSAT, and Superbird-5 by SCC. On 2 December 1998, an Ariane-44P successfully orbited JCSAT-5 , which became JCSAT-1B. JSAT-6

5159-728: Was ended when a Proton-M / Briz-M failed to orbit JCSAT-11 on 5 September 2007. A damaged pyro firing cable on the interstage truss prevented the second stage from controlling its direction, and the rocket and its payload crashed into the Kazakhstan steppes. Being lucky in misfortune, JCSAT-11 was simply an on-orbit backup and thus it had no operational impact on the fleet. The same day of the launch failure, JSAT placed an order with Lockheed Martin for an identical replacement, JCSAT-12 , for launch in 2009. On September 18, 2007, JSAT announced an agreement with B-SAT to jointly procure an hybrid broadcast and communication satellite . Thanks to

5236-475: Was expected for launch in 2005 for the 132° East slot. A year later, on 20 April 2004, JSAT ordered a second satellite from Lockheed, JCSAT-10 . Based on the A2100AX platform, it would have a C-band and K u -band payload and was expected to occupy the 128° East slot after its planned 2006 launch. On 3 October 2005, JSAT ordered a third A2100-based satellite from Lockheed Martin , JCSAT-11 . It would also have

5313-886: Was expected to be launched in 2007. The late 2005 take over of PanAmSat by Intelsat , did not diminished the relationship and, in fact, strengthened the alliance. On December 21, 2007, Horizons Satellite used an Ariane 5 rocket to launch Horizons-2. And, outside of the Horizons Satellite, JCSAT and Intelsat launched the joint satellite Intelsat 15 / JCSAT-85 on November 30, 2009 aboard a Zenit-3SLB . Government of Japan Naruhito [REDACTED] Fumihito [REDACTED] Shigeru Ishiba ( LDP ) Second Ishiba Cabinet ( LDP – Komeito coalition ) [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Fukushiro Nukaga Kōichirō Genba [REDACTED] Masakazu Sekiguchi Hiroyuki Nagahama Saburo Tokura Kazuo Ueda The Government of Japan

5390-540: Was expected to launch in January 2017, starting operations in March 2017. The program and the operations of the second satellite were expected by March 2031. JSATs role is the procurement and general management of the satellites. The first satellite, DSN-1 , is actually an additional payload on one of JSAT's own satellites, Superbird-8 . The second satellite, DSN-2 is a dedicated spacecraft. In April 2014, JSAT announced that it had placed an order with MELCO to procure

5467-474: Was launched on April 16, 2004 by an Atlas IIAS that injected in the supersynchronous orbit specified by the satellite manufacturer, at which point it was named Superbird-A2. But the orbit analysis had failed to take into consideration the influence of the Moon at such high apogees and the perigee started to drop dangerously fast. Most of its propellant had to be spent and the solar panels suffered damage that reduced

5544-522: Was lost when the Ariane 44LP that should have orbited it along BS-2X failed during launch. Superbird-B1 was completed in just 19 months and successfully launched on February 26, 1992 also aboard an Ariane 44L. The last of the initial batch, Superbird-A1 was launched on December 1 of the same year, thus completing the first phase of deployment of the SCC fleet. SCC switched satellite suppliers and on 1995 ordered

5621-441: Was on a flight to the launch site; JSAT observed container deformation detected upon landing. The mishap was expected to delay the satellite launch about two years. Horizons Satellite was originally an equal share joint venture with PanAmSat . It ordered its first satellite, Horizons-1 / Galaxy 13 from Boeing in middle 2001. It was a 4 t (4.4 tons) spacecraft with 24 C band and 24 K u band transponders . It had

5698-610: Was rechristened as JCSAT-4A after successfully being injected in its transfer orbit by an Atlas IIAS on 16 February 1999. In 2000, the company name was changed to JSAT Corporation , and was listed on the First Section of the Tokyo Stock Exchange . In April of that year, JSAT ordered JCSAT-8 from Boeing Satellite Development Center (which had acquired the HS-601 business from Hughes), to replace JCSAT-2 at

5775-414: Was resolved to merge SKY Perfect Communications, JSAT Corporation and Space Communications Corporation. The merger would see SKY Perfect absorb JSAT and SCC and both legacy companies dissolved. This consolidated the Superbird fleet into JSAT and created the fifth satellite operator in the world at the time. N-Star was created as a joint venture between JSAT, NTT , NTT Communications and NTT DoCoMo for

5852-504: Was the first Emperor of Japan and the ancestor of all of the Emperors that followed. He is, according to Japanese mythology , the direct descendant of Amaterasu, the sun goddess of the native Shinto religion, through Ninigi , his great-grandfather. The current emperor of Japan is Naruhito . He was officially enthroned on May 1, 2019, following the abdication of his father. He is styled as His Imperial Majesty, and his reign bears

5929-509: Was to be launched by an Ariane 5 in the second quarter of 2011. The satellite would have two 12 K u band payloads, one for each of the owners. On April 16, 2009, JSAT made its seventh order for an A2100-based satellite from Lockheed, JCSAT-13 . It would feature 44 K u band transponders with two steerable antennas for on-orbit reconfiguration. It was to be launched in 2013 for the 124°East slot where it would replace JCSAT-4A . The next day, April 17, Arianespace announced that they had secured

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