Misplaced Pages

#552447

45-554: The cemetery was first organized under the Swan Point Cemetery Company, with a board of trustees. In 1858, a new charter was developed to make the cemetery administration non-profit, and it was taken over by a group known as the Proprietors of Swan Point Cemetery. In 1886, landscape architect H. W. S. Cleveland was hired to redesign the area. It is a cemetery park with its design inspired by the landscape of

90-486: A bachelor's degree or higher. Westborough Public Schools consist of three elementary schools, two middle schools and one high school: The Mill Pond School is the newest school addition to Westborough. The three elementary schools consist of kindergarten to third grade, Mill Pond School consists of grades 4 to 6, then Gibbons Middle School which consists of grades 7 and 8, and then Westborough High School. There are three options depending upon residents' geographic location in

135-602: A competition to be the designers for Central Park in New York. They lost the competition to another duo, landscape architect Fredrick Law Olmsted and his partner, Calvert Vaux , an architect. Cleveland's and Copeland's design of Central Park was not unlike that of Olmsted and Vaux's. "In a pamphlet accompanying his design Cleveland wrote, 'The tract of land selected for the Central Park comprises such an extensive area and such variety of surface as to afford opportunity for

180-729: A farm on the Delaware River in Burlington, New Jersey , where he became a scientific farmer. He joined horticultural societies, and became corresponding secretary of the New Jersey Horticultural Society. Cleveland also wrote articles for the Horticulturist , a periodical edited by renowned landscape gardener, architect, and horticulturist Andrew Jackson Downing (Wilson). In 1854, at the age of 40, Cleveland returned to Massachusetts to establish

225-432: A growing population would make open spaces like parks all the more valuable and desirable, Cleveland wrote that, to be successful in the landscape architecture field, one must "Look forward a century, to the time when the city has a population of a million, and think what will be their wants." Essentially, he believed that a good landscape architect should look to the future in order to design sustainable landscapes in

270-532: A network of scenic drives, parks and river boulevards along the lakes and rivers in Minneapolis and St. Paul, now recognized as one of the best urban park systems in the world.” Westborough, Massachusetts Westborough is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts , United States. The population was 21,567 at the 2020 Census , in over 7,000 households. Incorporated in 1717, the town

315-505: A new era to the town industry: over the next century, local factories shipped boots and shoes, straw hats, sleighs, textiles, bicycles, and eventually abrasive products, across the nation. Westborough dairies supplied cities with milk and local greenhouses shipped out carnations, while the eight orchards found ready markets for their produce. In 1848, the State Reform School for Boys , the first publicly funded reform school in

360-540: A park system that embodied his philosophy of open spaces, naturalistic design, and the importance of preserving these public spaces for future generations. In the words of Cleveland himself: “ They [the wealthy elite] will have wealth enough to purchase all that money can buy, but all their wealth cannot purchase a lost opportunity, or restore natural features of grandeur and beauty, which would then possess priceless value… ” In this way, Cleveland inspired future generations of landscape architects to think before tearing down

405-503: A source of needless taxation for them, and that they did not believe that they could benefit from a public park in the same capacity as the wealthy. Eliminating this belief and creating parks that were meant to be enjoyed by all became one of Cleveland's most important endeavors. In 1873 Cleveland wrote Landscape Architecture As Applied to the Wants of the West . This book is known as one of

450-565: A “great central park” that blocked the sights and sounds of the city. Cleveland advised that the park commissioners purchase a lot no less than 50 acres (200,000 m ) in size, and that it should be situated many miles away from the heavily populated city districts. Other major projects included: Cleveland's most important social movement could arguably be his contribution to the Minneapolis park systems. In lending his unique touch to these parks and scenic byways , Cleveland established

495-701: Is currently served by an MBTA commuter rail station on the Framingham/Worcester Line as well as public bus service through the Worcester Regional Transit Authority . Limited commercial airline service is available at the Worcester Regional Airport . The nearest international airport is Boston Logan Airport . A major CSX rail freight yard serving the Boston metro area is located near

SECTION 10

#1732794336553

540-489: Is governed under the New England open town meeting system, headed by a five-member elected Board of Selectmen whose duties include licensing, appointing various administrative positions, and calling a town meeting of citizens annually or whenever the need arises. Before recorded time, the area now known as Westborough was a well-travelled crossroads. As early as 7,000 BCE , prehistoric people in dugout canoes followed

585-719: Is one of the two largest cemeteries in Providence with the other one being the North Burial Ground . Swan Point has the burials of many notable Rhode Island figures: Horace Cleveland Horace William Shaler Cleveland (December 16, 1814 – December 5, 1900) was an American landscape architect . His approach to natural landscape design can be seen in projects such as the Grand Rounds in Minneapolis ; Sleepy Hollow Cemetery in Concord, Massachusetts ;

630-499: Is open to swimming, boating, and fishing, and has a public beach open to residents of Westborough and Northborough during the summer months. The average elevation of the town is approximately 300 feet (91 m). Westborough is located in east/central Massachusetts, located approximately 28 miles (45.47 km) west of Boston and 12 miles (19 km) east of Worcester . Data from the U.S. Census of 2020 shows there were 21,567 people, 7,930 households, and 5,618 families residing in

675-529: Is still open to new interments today. The Swan Point Cemetery is widely considered to be the most prominent cemetery in Rhode Island due to the number of well known citizens of the state buried there. There are more governors, senators and congressmen buried there than any other cemetery in Rhode Island. Swan Point Cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977. It

720-645: Is the famous “Grand Rounds,” an interconnected series of parkways, and parks, centered on the Mississippi River. The official title “Grand Rounds,” came much later, but Cleveland's vision for the scenic byway is timeless, and the Minneapolis Grand Rounds are known today as one of the best urban park systems in the world. Plans for a similar system in St. Paul, would have connected it to the Minneapolis system, but they were never completed, with

765-722: The Cleveland and Copeland landscape practice in Boston with partner Robert Morris Copeland . Their first job was the design of the State Farm at Westborough, Massachusetts , followed by Cleveland's first major design, Sleepy Hollow Cemetery in Concord, Massachusetts (1855). The town report in Concord shows they were paid $ 75 for their work on the cemetery. Cleveland also assisted in the design of Boston 's park spaces, emphasizing his famous concepts of open spaces and interconnected byways . In 1857 Cleveland and Copeland entered

810-690: The Great and General Court . Soon large farms were carved out, mills built along the Assabet River and Jackstraw Brook, and taverns flourished. Westborough's first minister, Reverend Ebenezer Parkman, shepherded the growing town of colonists through the years toward independence from Great Britain . Forty-six minutemen from Westborough fought under Captain Edmund Brigham in the Revolutionary War . In 1775, Northborough split off as

855-682: The National Register of Historic Places : According to the United States Census Bureau , the town has a total area of 21.6 square miles (56.0 km ), of which 20.5 square miles (53.1 km ) is land, and 1.1 square miles (2.8 km ) is water, or 5.09 percent. Westborough contains the headwaters of the Sudbury and Assabet rivers. The town contains numerous bodies of water, including Lake Chauncy, George H. Nichols Reservoir (Mill Pond), Westboro Reservoir (Sandra Pond), Hocomonco Pond , and Cedar Swamp Pond. Lake Chauncy

900-492: The Sudbury and Assabet Rivers to their headwaters in search of quartzite for tools and weapons. From 1200 to 1600 CE , seasonal migrations brought Nipmuc Indians to hunt and fish near Cedar Swamp and Lake Hoccomocco. Using Fay Mountain as a landmark, Indians crisscrossed Westborough on well-worn paths: the old Connecticut Path leading west from Massachusetts Bay ; the Narragansett Trail leading south, and

945-698: The boulevard system in Omaha, Nebraska ; Roger Williams Park in Providence, Rhode Island ; and St. Anthony Park in Saint Paul, Minnesota . Horace William Shaler Cleveland was born to Richard Jeffry Cleveland and Dorcas Cleveland on December 16, 1814, in Lancaster, Massachusetts . Horace was later educated at the Lancaster School, a Unitarian school organized by his parents in accordance with

SECTION 20

#1732794336553

990-406: The "north borough" of Westborough, much as Westborough split off from Marlborough some 58 years before. However, the two towns shared a meetinghouse for some time more. Westborough's most famous native son, Eli Whitney , contributed to the industrial progress of the country. Born in 1765, he invented the cotton gin in 1795 after graduating from Yale . In 1798, he introduced mass production to

1035-578: The Civil War when Copeland joined the war. After the war Copeland started his own practice which continued to grow till his death in 1872. Cleveland moved to Chicago in 1869 and opened his own landscaping firm. Throughout his career he designed major parks and private landscapes in Illinois , Minneapolis , and throughout the Midwest . This included Highland Park, Illinois (1869). In 1872, Cleveland

1080-644: The United States at his Whitney Arms Company in New Haven, Connecticut . In 1810, the route from Boston to Worcester was straightened and improved into an official turnpike (the present Route 9 ), and along its Westborough route, the Wesson Tavern Common, Forbush Tavern and Nathan Fisher's store prospered. The center of commerce shifted downtown in 1824 with the arrival of the steam train through Westborough's center. The railroad brought

1125-427: The United States, was opened on Lake Chauncy. It operated as a State reform school until 1884 at which time the newly established Westborough State Hospital took over the property. In the same year, the reform school was relocated nearby on Chauncy Street and renamed The Lyman School for Boys . From 1947 through 1985, Westboro Speedway operated as an auto racing venue. Westborough is home to several listings on

1170-447: The construction of a work which shall surpass everything of its kind in the world ...'. Cleveland, like Olmsted, prescribed broad lawns, undulating surfaces, clothed with the rich verdure, dotted here and there with graceful trees and bounded by projecting capes and islands of wood ...'" (Oxford). Later in 1857, Cleveland designed Eastwood Cemetery (1872) in Lancaster, Massachusetts , with his son. Cleveland and Copeland parted ways during

1215-459: The exception of the parkways along the Mississippi River. In 2017, the City of St. Paul began a several year project to complete its Grand Rounds system. In 1889, the park commissioners for the city of Omaha sought Cleveland's advice in designing a large park in the center of the city. Cleveland stated that the center of any large park system, including the one intended for this city, should include

1260-621: The first definitive attempts to describe on a broader scope the profession of landscape architecture. In its preface he wrote: In the 1880s, Cleveland was hired by the Minneapolis Board of Park Commissioners to create a series of parks and interconnected parkways to connect and preserve existing natural features in and near the city. The parkways along the Mississippi River gorge were his main interest, but his plan also showed parkway boulevards across town and around one of

1305-564: The first rural garden cemetery in the United States, Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge, Massachusetts . Among the first to make use of a tract of land within the cemetery was the First Congregational Society (now First Unitarian Society). They moved several interments from older plots in Providence to Swan Point. Over the years additional land acquisition has expanded the cemetery to 200 acres (0.81 km), and

1350-561: The future of landscape architecture and to the pursuit for a more naturalistic landscape concept. Cleveland's designs in the mid-to-late 19th century shaped the future of all park systems for Minneapolis and St. Paul. Metropolitan Council Chair Peter Bell reflected on the contributions of Horace Cleveland: “ Imagine this metropolitan area had it not been for the Minneapolis Board of Park Commissioners and landscape architect Horace Cleveland. Their vision 100 years ago helped create

1395-551: The here and now, and that landscape architects should speak openly against the destruction of natural landscapes, to make sure that they would be available for future generations to enjoy. Cleveland was a believer of using the existing topography and existing plants to keep his designs as natural as possible. In 1881 Cleveland wrote a book entitled A Few Words on the Arrangement of Rural Cemeteries . In his book, Cleveland wrote critically of cemetery layouts. He wrote, "without

Swan Point Cemetery - Misplaced Pages Continue

1440-578: The lakes in South Minneapolis, Lake Harriet . These grand parkways would increase property values, connect larger parks, drive up the desire for private development, and hopefully increase general revenues in the city over time. This vision was expanded by subsequent park commissioners and superintendents to encircle a series of lakes, now known as the Chain of Lakes, and to follow Minnehaha Creek to Minnehaha Falls . The result of Cleveland's vision

1485-533: The late 1820s Richard Cleveland moved his family to Cuba , where Horace's father served as Vice-Consul in Havana . Horace returned to the United States in the 1830s. During this time he was employed as a railroad surveyor in Illinois . While in Illinois, Cleveland studied civil engineering. A few years later, in the late 1830s, Cleveland returned to Massachusetts. In 1841 Cleveland left Massachusetts to purchase

1530-629: The least regard to topographical features, or the opportunities for tasteful effects which the natural position may afford." In his 1880s design for the grounds of the Jekyll Island Club, Cleveland promised Club owners a "style of severe simplicity," but this simplicity would be "the result of careful study" aimed at turning the Club grounds into "a Natural Paradise." With this goal in mind, Cleveland laid out lots and roads so as not to disturb "the favored haunts of deer and wild fowl" and stressing

1575-420: The natural landscape. In addition, he stated that landscape architecture involved not just “decorating” the landscape, but that it was a landscape architect's duty to design parks, residential and commercial landscapes always with careful consideration to the environment around them and to be ever mindful of how future generations would make use of them. It is evident that Horace Cleveland contributed much to

1620-548: The park systems of Minneapolis and St. Paul , but lent his extensive knowledge of landscaping to numerous projects, completing his last major project, landscaping for the campus at the University of Minnesota , in 1892. He died on December 5, 1900, in Hinsdale, Illinois . Cleveland was a preservationist by nature, respecting the natural landscape features around him and shunning unnecessary decoration. Believing that

1665-456: The population. Westborough has a significant Indian-American Community making up 15.4% of the population, as well as boasting a strong immigrant community with nearly 5,000 residents of non-U.S. origins (25.9%). According to ACS estimates, there are 4,912 family households, out of which 42.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them. Of all households 31.8% were made up of individuals 65 years of age or older. The average household size

1710-420: The preservation of native vegetation. In addition, he believed that designs for public projects should not be limited by the financial or physical means of the designer or the commissioner . He theorized that, when the proposition of a new park or parkway came about, natural opposition was to be expected from the public. He knew this because he understood that the general populace saw outdoor city projects as

1755-428: The theories of Swiss educator Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi (1746–1827). The school emphasized frequent excursions for direct observation and study of nature through drawing and map-making. The family was socially linked to philosopher Ralph Waldo Emerson through Elizabeth Palmer Peabody , Horatio Greenough , and one of Emerson's cousins. As a result, Transcendentalism strongly influenced Cleveland's upbringing. In

1800-510: The town (official). The population density was 998 people per square mile (unofficial). The latest 2013–2017 American Community Survey (ACS) estimated the town's total population at 18,836, residing in 7,095 households. According to the latest ACS estimate, the racial makeup of the town was 70.1% White , 2.4% Black or African American , 0.5% Native American , 23.6% Asian , 0% Pacific Islander , 1.1% from other races , 2.3% from two or more races, Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.8% of

1845-538: The town for preschool through third grade. The Town of Westborough is located on the west side of the Massachusetts Turnpike ( Interstate 90 ) and Interstate 495 intersection. Route 30 (Main Street) and Route 135 (South Street/Milk Street) intersect in a rotary at the town's center, while Route 9 runs nearby, serving much of the town's commerce. In terms of public transportation, Westborough

Swan Point Cemetery - Misplaced Pages Continue

1890-575: The trail (along the present Milk Street) leading to Canada. The early English explorer John Oldham followed these trails through Westborough in 1633, and settlers in search of fertile farmlands followed not long after. By late 1675, a few families had settled near Lake Chauncy, in the "west borough" of Marlborough . On November 18, 1717, Westborough was incorporated as the hundredth town in Massachusetts, populated by twenty-seven families, including Thomas Rice who had represented Marlborough in

1935-402: Was $ 107,604, and the median income for a family was $ 132,543. The per capita income for the town was $ 47,993. Of the population 4.7% was below the poverty line, including 4.4% of those under age 18 and 5.7% of those age 65 or over. The labor force numbered 10,218 with an unemployment rate in the town of 3.6%. Of the population over age 25, 96.4% graduated high school (or equivalent) and 65.7% hold

1980-429: Was 2.74 and the average family size was 3.26. In addition, the town the population was spread out, with 12.5% under the age of 10, 15.6% from 10 to 19, 17.9% from 20 to 34, 29% from 35 to 54, 12.7% from 55 to 64, and 12.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.9 males. The median income for a household in the town (based on U.S. Census ACS five-year estimate)

2025-473: Was retained by the city of Chicago to rebuild South Park, originally designed by Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux, after the great Chicago fire . Cleveland wrote his landscaping guide, Landscape Architecture as Applied to the Wants of the West , in 1873 and was afterward hired by William Rainey Marshall to design Saint Anthony Park , a neighborhood in Saint Paul, Minnesota . From 1878 until his death in 1900, Horace Cleveland not only completely revised

#552447