77-728: Steamships Trading Company Swire Beverages Swire Shipping Swire Resources Swire Group ( Chinese : 太古集團 ) is a highly diversified global conglomerate with its parent company being John Swire & Sons Limited that holds controlling stakes in a range of businesses trading in the UK, USA, Australia, Papua New Guinea, East and West Africa, and across Southeast Asia. The Group's businesses are arranged into groups: property, aviation, beverages and food chain, marine services, and trading and industrial. Its core businesses are mainly focused on Asia, with its key operations in Hong Kong and
154-668: A Stepan Company plant in Maywood, New Jersey , the only manufacturing plant authorized by the federal government to import and process coca leaves, which it obtains from Peru and Bolivia. Stepan Company extracts cocaine from the coca leaves, which it then sells to Mallinckrodt , the only company in the United States licensed to purify cocaine for medicinal use . Long after the syrup had ceased to contain any significant amount of cocaine, in North Carolina "dope" remained
231-519: A book in 1950 published by Emory University . In this definitive biography about his father, Candler specifically states: "on April 14, 1888, the young druggist Asa Griggs Candler purchased a one-third interest in the formula of an almost completely unknown proprietary elixir known as Coca-Cola." The deal was actually between John Pemberton's son Charley and Walker, Candler & Co. – with John Pemberton acting as cosigner for his son. For $ 50 down and $ 500 in 30 days, Walker, Candler & Co. obtained all of
308-671: A common colloquialism for Coca-Cola, and "dope-wagons" were trucks that transported it. The kola nut acts as a flavoring and the original source of caffeine in Coca-Cola. It contains about 2.0 to 3.5% caffeine, and has a bitter flavor. In 1911, the US government sued in United States v. Forty Barrels and Twenty Kegs of Coca-Cola , hoping to force the Coca-Cola Company to remove caffeine from its formula. The court found that
385-442: A contract giving them control of the procedure for only one dollar. Candler later realized that he had made a grave mistake. Candler never collected his dollar, but in 1899, Chattanooga became the site of the first Coca-Cola bottling company. Candler remained very content just selling his company's syrup. The loosely termed contract proved to be problematic for the Coca-Cola Company for decades to come. Legal matters were not helped by
462-443: A fleet of 69 offshore vessels. Tidewater entered into a definitive agreement to acquire all of the outstanding shares of Swire Pacific Offshore (SPO), a subsidiary of Swire Pacific Limited, for approximately $ 190 million in early March 2022. Tidewater announced the completion of its acquisition of Swire Pacific Offshore on Friday 22 April 2022. The Swire Group's core businesses in Hong Kong are held by Swire Pacific Limited , listed on
539-792: A franchising model. The Coca-Cola Company only produces a syrup concentrate, which it sells to bottlers throughout the world, who hold Coca-Cola franchises for one or more geographical areas. The bottlers produce the final drink by mixing the syrup with filtered water and sweeteners, putting the mixture into cans and bottles, and carbonating it, which the bottlers then sell and distribute to retail stores, vending machines, restaurants, and foodservice distributors. The Coca-Cola Company owns minority shares in some of its largest franchises, such as Coca-Cola Enterprises , Coca-Cola Amatil , Coca-Cola Hellenic Bottling Company , and Coca-Cola FEMSA , as well as some smaller ones, such as Coca-Cola Bottlers Uzbekistan , but fully independent bottlers produce almost half of
616-435: A full payment amounting to $ 1,000, which all agreed Candler could pay off with a series of notes over a specified time span. By May 1, 1889, Candler was claiming full ownership of the Coca-Cola beverage, with a total investment outlay by Candler for the drink enterprise over the years amounting to $ 2,300. In 1914, Margaret Dozier, as co-owner of the original Coca-Cola Company in 1888, came forward to claim that her signature on
693-581: A medical degree and began a quest to find a substitute for the problematic drug. In 1885 at Pemberton's Eagle Drug and Chemical House, his drugstore in Columbus, Georgia , he registered Pemberton's French Wine Coca nerve tonic. Pemberton's tonic may have been inspired by the formidable success of Vin Mariani , a French- Corsican coca wine , but his recipe additionally included the African kola nut ,
770-469: A particular focus on mixed-use development in prime locations at major mass transportation intersections. The company's investment portfolio in Hong Kong totals approximately 17.8 million sq ft (approximately 1.66 million square metres) of gross floor area, with Pacific Place , Island East as its core holdings. In addition to Hong Kong, the company has a presence in China, the United States and
847-598: A plan to combat plastic waste , Coca-Cola said that it would start selling its sodas in bottles made from 100% recycled plastic material in the United States, and by 2030 planned to recycle one bottle or can for each one it sold. Coca-Cola started by selling 2000 paper bottles to see if they held up due to the risk of safety and of changing the taste of the drink. A typical can of Coca-Cola (12 fl ounces/355 ml) contains 39 grams of sugar, 46 mg of caffeine, 50 mg of sodium, no fat, no potassium, and 140 calories. The exact formula for Coca-Cola's natural flavorings
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#1732764981187924-770: A product's label. In 1913 the case was appealed to the Sixth Circuit in Cincinnati, where the ruling was affirmed, but then appealed again in 1916 to the Supreme Court, where the government effectively won as a new trial was ordered. The company then voluntarily reduced the amount of caffeine in its product, and offered to pay the government's legal costs to settle and avoid further litigation. Coca-Cola contains 46 mg of caffeine per 12 US fluid ounces (or 30.7 mg per 8 US fluid ounces (240 ml) serving). The production and distribution of Coca-Cola follows
1001-399: A typical dose or "line" of cocaine is 50–75 mg. ) In 1903, the fresh coca leaves were removed from the formula. After 1904, instead of using fresh leaves, Coca-Cola started using "spent" leaves – the leftovers of the cocaine-extraction process with trace levels of cocaine. Since then (by 1929 ), Coca-Cola has used a cocaine-free coca leaf extract. Today, that extract is prepared at
1078-541: A version that he made either before or after the product hit the market in 1886. The formula basically matched the one found in Pemberton's diary. Coca-Cola archivist Phil Mooney acknowledged that the recipe "could be a precursor" to the formula used in the original 1886 product, but emphasized that Pemberton's original formula is not the same as the one used in the modern product. When launched, Coca-Cola's two key ingredients were cocaine and caffeine . The cocaine
1155-502: Is Diet Coke , along with others including Caffeine-Free Coca-Cola , Diet Coke Caffeine-Free , Coca-Cola Zero Sugar , Coca-Cola Cherry , Coca-Cola Vanilla , and special versions with lemon , lime , and coffee . Coca-Cola was called "Coca-Cola Classic" from July 1985 to 2009, to distinguish it from " New Coke ". Confederate Colonel John Pemberton , wounded in the American Civil War and addicted to morphine , also had
1232-404: Is London-based John Swire & Sons Limited . The Swire Group, started by John Swire (1787–1847) in 1816, had its beginnings as a modest Liverpool import-export company based mainly on the textile trade. Swire Pacific Offshore Holdings Limited (SPO), was a wholly owned subsidiary of Swire Pacific, supplying chartered vessels that supported the offshore oil and gas industry worldwide. It owned
1309-416: Is a cola soft drink manufactured by the Coca-Cola Company . In 2013, Coke products were sold in over 200 countries and territories worldwide, with consumers drinking more than 1.8 billion company beverage servings each day. Coca-Cola ranked No. 94 in the 2024 Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by revenue . Based on Interbrand's "best global brand" study of 2023, Coca-Cola
1386-587: Is a trade secret . (All of its other ingredients are listed on the side of the bottle or can, and are not secret.) The original copy of the formula was held in Truist Financial 's main vault in Atlanta for 86 years. Its predecessor, the Trust Company, was the underwriter for the Coca-Cola Company's initial public offering in 1919. On December 8, 2011, the original secret formula was moved from
1463-669: Is a London-based holding company of merchant shipping companies Swire Shipping Pte Ltd and Swire Bulk Pte Ltd , both of which are headquartered in Singapore . CNCo is part of the Swire group and wholly owned by John Swire & Sons Limited. Swire Shipping was formerly known as the China Navigation Company until October 2021, when it was renamed Swire Shipping. Founded in London in 1872 by John Samuel Swire , CNCo
1540-592: Is reported to be available in both countries as a grey import . As of 2022, Coca-Cola has suspended its operations in Russia due to the invasion of Ukraine . Coca-Cola has been a point of legal discussion in the Middle East . In the early 20th century, a fatwa was created in Egypt to discuss the question of "whether Muslims were permitted to drink Coca-Cola and Pepsi cola." The fatwa states: "According to
1617-502: Is the wholly owned shipping arm of John Swire & Sons Limited, headquartered in Singapore . It operates shipping agencies for its liner shipping trades. The company has a 67% shareholding in Quadrant Pacific of New Zealand that provides third-party agency services to the forestry and oil industries, as well as husbandry services. Swire Bulk is a leading vessel owner and operator specializing in transporting cargoes in
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#17327649811871694-613: The Delaware General Corporation Law . The company publicly offered 500,000 shares of the company for $ 40 a share. In 1923, his son Robert W. Woodruff was elected President of the company. Woodruff expanded the company and brought Coca-Cola to the rest of the world. Coca-Cola began distributing bottles as "Six-packs", encouraging customers to purchase the beverage for their home. During its first several decades, Coca-Cola officially wanted to be known by its full-name despite being commonly known as "Coke". This
1771-475: The Hong Kong Stock Exchange . It also operates Swire Beverages Holdings Ltd and Swire Foods Holdings Ltd for their beverages and food chain group. In 1948, Swire Pacific acquired Cathay Pacific , Hong Kong's largest airline, and remains as the largest shareholder, with 42%. Incorporated in 1972, Swire Properties develops and manages commercial, retail and residential properties, with
1848-480: The "Coca-Cola Company" destroyed in 1910, the action was claimed to have been made during a move to new corporation offices around this time. On June 23, 1894, Charley Pemberton was found unconscious with a stick of opium by his side. Ten days later, Charley died at Atlanta's Grady Hospital at the age of 40. On September 12, 1919, Coca-Cola Co. was purchased by a group of investors led by Ernest Woodruff 's Trust Company for $ 25 million and reincorporated under
1925-408: The 1888 Coca-Cola Company bill of sale had been forged. Subsequent analysis of other similar transfer documents had also indicated John Pemberton's signature had most likely been forged as well, which some accounts claim was precipitated by his son Charley. In 1892, Candler set out to incorporate a second company, the Coca-Cola Company (the modern corporation). When Candler had the earliest records of
2002-406: The 20th and 21st century. The name refers to two of its original ingredients: coca leaves and kola nuts (a source of caffeine ). The formula of Coca-Cola remains a trade secret ; however, a variety of reported recipes and experimental recreations have been published. The secrecy around the formula has been used by Coca-Cola as a marketing aid because only a handful of anonymous employees know
2079-586: The 20th century, including political turbulence and piracy in the Far East , but continued operations through both World Wars. Initially focusing on the Yangtze River trade, the company expanded its operations to include coastal and regional routes by the late 19th century. In 1939, CNCo first became involved in the Papua New Guinea trade, which ceased with the start of the war. In 1940,
2156-516: The Biedenharn Candy Company on March 12, 1894. The proprietor of the bottling works was Joseph A. Biedenharn . The original bottles were Hutchinson bottles, very different from the much later hobble-skirt design of 1915 now so familiar. A few years later two entrepreneurs from Chattanooga, Tennessee , namely Benjamin F. Thomas and Joseph B. Whitehead , proposed the idea of bottling and were so persuasive that Candler signed
2233-891: The CNCo fleet was requisitioned by the British Government during the World War II, while CNCo maintained its operations from an office in Bombay . In 1945, it returned to Shanghai and Hong Kong, and operations gradually resumed. CNCo's business on the North China Coast (from Ningpo north) and the Yangtze River was undertaken from Shanghai, while the South Coast, Canton trade and all Australian, South East Asian , and Philippines routes were handled out of Hong Kong. The growth of CNCo eventually led to shipping becoming
2310-587: The Caribbean, the Netherlands , Germany and parts of Asia until the 1940s, when the brand was introduced throughout South America and then Europe after the end of World War II ( Fanta was initially conceived by the German Coca-Cola subsidiary as an emergency replacement as the wartime trade embargo prevented the import of syrup). As a result, Coca-Cola eventually became regarded as one of
2387-587: The Chinese Mainland. Within Asia, Swire's activities come under the group's publicly quoted arm, Swire Pacific Limited , which is the largest shareholder in two Hong Kong listed companies: Swire Properties and Cathay Pacific. Taikoo ( 太古 ) is the Chinese name of Swire. It serves as the brand name for businesses such as Taikoo Sugar and Taikoo Shing . The Swire Group's privately owned parent company
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2464-779: The Lower Yangtze in 1873. That same year, they also purchased the Union Steam Navigation Company, which included CNCo's first two ships, Tunsin and Glengyle , along with property leases in Shanghai and other river ports. Later in 1873 and in 1874, the three originally ordered paddle streamers arrived from A & J Inglis – Pekin , Shanghai , and Ichang . James Henry Scott joined as a partner in 1874, and together with JS&S, they acquired two steamers, named Fuchow and Swatow , from John Scott IV, who also invested in these vessels. The two vessels laid
2541-621: The Muslim Hanefite, Shafi'ite, etc., the rule in Islamic law of forbidding or allowing foods and beverages is based on the presumption that such things are permitted unless it can be shown that they are forbidden on the basis of the Qur'an ." The Muslim jurists stated that, unless the Qur'an specifically prohibits the consumption of a particular product, it is permissible to consume. Another clause
2618-584: The Shanghai Municipality in Mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Cambodia, Vietnam, and 13 states in the western United States. This territory represents a population of 780 million people. Swire Pacific was formed in 1974 (from Taikoo Swire) to become the main holding company for Swire's Hong Kong–based assets. The China Navigation Company Swire Shipping: Jeremy Sutton (CEO) The China Navigation Company Limited ( CNCo )
2695-543: The UK when it started production at its plant near Motherwell in Scotland in 2005. The firm makes its road fuel by recycling wastes and residues from other industries – specifically used cooking oil which is a waste from the food industry, tallow from the meat industry, and sewer grease. Swire is an anchor bottler in the Coca-Cola System. It is the bottler of Coca-Cola and its related products in 11 provinces and
2772-1118: The UK-registered parent company. Its global liner operations, and all existing ship-owning and operating activities, are being managed out of the new office in Singapore. The office opening ceremony in 2010 was attended by Lim Hwee Hua , then Minister in the Prime Minister's Office and Second Minister for Finance and Transport. In 2012, CNCo established Swire Bulk to manage its dry bulk shipping activities, and in 2021, separated it to focus on liner shipping and fleet management. In 2014, CNCo acquired New Zealand-based Pacifica Shipping. In 2020, CNCo launched Swire Projects to provide specialised project cargo shipping services. In 2021, CNCo rebranded as Swire Shipping. A year later, Swire Shipping acquired US-based Westwood Shipping Lines. MIHOS PACIFIC CLASS HERITAGE CLASS PNG CLASS FIJI CLASS WESTWOOD WEIHAI1300 CC9K CV1700 Coca-Cola Coca-Cola , or Coke ,
2849-530: The United Kingdom. In China, Swire Properties has a portfolio amounting to approximately 12.9 million sq ft (approximately 1.20 million square metres), the majority of which is under construction. The five projects consist of mixed-use developments in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Chengdu, with Sanlitun Village and The Opposite House hotel in Beijing being the best-known among them. In 2008,
2926-486: The beverage's source of caffeine. A Spanish drink called "Kola Coca" was presented at a contest in Philadelphia in 1885, a year before the official birth of Coca-Cola. The rights for this Spanish drink were bought by Coca-Cola in 1953. In 1886, when Atlanta and Fulton County passed prohibition legislation, Pemberton responded by developing Coca-Cola, a non-alcoholic version of Pemberton's French Wine Coca . It
3003-593: The business, as well. John Pemberton died suddenly on August 16, 1888. Asa Candler then decided to move swiftly forward to attain full control of the entire Coca-Cola operation. Charley Pemberton, an alcoholic and opium addict, unnerved Asa Candler more than anyone else. Candler is said to have quickly maneuvered to purchase the exclusive rights to the name "Coca-Cola" from Pemberton's son Charley immediately after he learned of Dr. Pemberton's death. One of several stories states that Candler approached Charley's mother at John Pemberton's funeral and offered her $ 300 in cash for
3080-566: The company also provides project charters. The company has a 100% shareholding in Pacific Towing , which has a harbor towing, offshore support and salvage operation that owns and operates 12 tugs and nine line boats across seven ports in Papua New Guinea. John Swire & Sons (Green Investments) Ltd has acquired Scottish biodiesel producer Argent Energy. Argent Energy pioneered large scale commercial biodiesel production in
3157-404: The company formed Swire Hotels to create and manage urban hotels in Hong Kong, China and the United Kingdom. Swire Resources is a Hong Kong retail company specializing in sports apparel, swimwear, and footwear. The company is the Hong Kong distributor for several major international brands, including Aldo , Arena , Columbia Sportswear , Crocs , Rockport , and Speedo . Swire Shipping
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3234-405: The company made minor changes in the sourcing of some ingredients so it could continue to be consumed by America's Jewish population, including during Passover . A yellow cap on a Coca-Cola drink indicates that it is kosher for Passover . The longest running commercial Coca-Cola soda fountain anywhere was Atlanta's Fleeman's Pharmacy, which first opened its doors in 1914. Jack Fleeman took over
3311-522: The decision of the bottlers to subcontract to other companies, effectively becoming parent bottlers. This contract specified that bottles would be sold at 5¢ each and had no fixed duration, leading to the fixed price of Coca-Cola from 1886 to 1959 . The first outdoor wall advertisement that promoted the Coca-Cola drink was painted in 1894 in Cartersville, Georgia . Cola syrup was sold as an over-the-counter dietary supplement for upset stomach. By
3388-590: The dry bulk carrier market, and in the 1980s, ventured into the Very Large Crude Carrier market. The 1990s saw a consolidation of management operations in Sydney, while its New Zealand operations were hinged on its investments in Tasman Asia and Tasman Orient Line. In 2009, CNCo relocated its headquarters to Singapore , establishing The China Navigation Company Pte Limited as a subsidiary of
3465-584: The dry bulk segment, that currently own and chartered-in a fleet of 125 modern, fuel-efficient vessels worldwide, predominantly in the handy-size and supra / ultramax sector. Steamships Trading Company is a diversified leader in shipping, transport, property and commercial operation in Papua New Guinea. The company has a 70% shareholding in Consort Express Lines , a leading provider of coastal and river shipping services in Papua New Guinea. Its liner trades service 17 ports in Papua New Guinea and
3542-478: The entire formula, and that persons other than the prescribed duo have known the formulation process. On February 11, 2011, Ira Glass said on his PRI radio show, This American Life , that his staffers had found a recipe in "Everett Beal's Recipe Book", reproduced in the February 28, 1979 issue of The Atlanta Journal-Constitution , that they believed was either Pemberton's original formula for Coca-Cola or
3619-543: The form of high-fructose corn syrup in North America). The bottlers then sell, distribute, and merchandise Coca-Cola to retail stores, restaurants, and vending machines throughout the world. The Coca-Cola Company also sells concentrate for soda fountains of major restaurants and foodservice distributors . The Coca-Cola Company has on occasion introduced other cola drinks under the Coke name. The most common of these
3696-515: The formula. The drink has inspired imitators and created a whole classification of soft drink: colas. The Coca-Cola Company produces concentrate , which is then sold to licensed Coca-Cola bottlers throughout the world. The bottlers, who hold exclusive territory contracts with the company, produce the finished product in cans and bottles from the concentrate, in combination with filtered water and sweeteners. A typical 12-US-fluid-ounce (350 ml) can contains 38 grams (1.3 oz) of sugar (usually in
3773-678: The foundation for the formation of a new company, the Coast Boats Ownery (CBO), which was set up to manage China coastal trade. By the mid-1870s, CNCo expanded its operations to the Canton River trade and the Shanghai-Ningbo and Shanghai-Tianjin routes. The company faced intense competition, rate wars, and entered into pool agreements with rival firms, reflecting the volatile nature of the Chinese shipping industry in
3850-479: The health, and Pemberton's new drink was marketed and sold as a patent medicine , Pemberton claiming it a cure for many diseases, including morphine addiction, indigestion, nerve disorders, headaches, and impotence . Pemberton ran the first advertisement for the beverage on May 29 of the same year in the Atlanta Journal . By 1888, three versions of Coca-Cola – sold by three separate businesses – were on
3927-548: The late 19th century. By 1883, the five steamships managed by CNCo's managing firm, Butterfield & Swire, and which were primarily serving South China routes, were also integrated into CNCo's own fleet. In the same year, CBO merged with CNCo, and operated as the Coastal Steamers section of CNCo with an expanded fleet. CNCo's fleet grew to 29 ships by 1894, serving an extensive network of ports across Asia and other regions. The company faced numerous challenges in
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#17327649811874004-532: The major symbols of American soft power as well as of globalization. Since it announced its intention to begin distribution in Myanmar in June 2012, Coca-Cola has been officially available in every country in the world except Cuba (where it stopped being available officially since 1960—ironically, Coca-Cola's first bottling plant outside the United States was established there in 1906) and North Korea . However, it
4081-452: The market. A co-partnership had been formed on January 14, 1888, between Pemberton and four Atlanta businessmen: J.C. Mayfield , A.O. Murphey, C.O. Mullahy, and E.H. Bloodworth. Not codified by any signed document, a verbal statement given by Asa Candler years later asserted under testimony that he had acquired a stake in Pemberton's company as early as 1887. John Pemberton declared that the name "Coca-Cola" belonged to his son, Charley, but
4158-409: The name "Coca-Cola Classic" was changed back to "Coca-Cola". The word "Classic" was removed because "New Coke" was no longer in production, eliminating the need to differentiate between the two. The formula remained unchanged. In January 2009, Coca-Cola stopped printing the word "Classic" on the labels of 16-US-fluid-ounce (470 ml) bottles sold in parts of the southeastern United States. The change
4235-601: The name "Coke" in 1941. "Coke" eventually became a registered trademark of the Coca-Cola Company in 1945. In 1986, the Coca-Cola Company merged with two of their bottling operators (owned by JTL Corporation and BCI Holding Corporation) to form Coca-Cola Enterprises Inc. (CCE). In December 1991, Coca-Cola Enterprises merged with the Johnston Coca-Cola Bottling Group, Inc. The first bottling of Coca-Cola occurred in Vicksburg, Mississippi , at
4312-419: The names "Yum Yum" and "Koke". This was while Charley Pemberton was selling the elixir, although a cruder mixture, under the name "Coca-Cola", all with his father's blessing. After both names failed to catch on for Candler, by the middle of 1888, the Atlanta pharmacist was quite anxious to establish a firmer legal claim to Coca-Cola, and hoped he could force his two competitors, Walker and Dozier, completely out of
4389-597: The old drink, leading to a backlash . The company gave in to protests and returned to the old formula under the name Coca-Cola Classic, on July 10, 1985. "New Coke" remained available and was renamed Coke II in 1992; it was discontinued in 2002. On July 5, 2005, it was revealed that Coca-Cola would resume operations in Iraq for the first time since the Arab League boycotted the company in 1968. In April 2007, in Canada,
4466-528: The one-third interest in the Coca-Cola Company that Charley held, all while Charley still held on to the name. After the April 14 deal, on April 17, 1888, one-half of the Walker/Dozier interest shares were acquired by Candler for an additional $ 750. After Candler had gained a better foothold on Coca-Cola in April 1888, he nevertheless was forced to sell the beverage he produced with the recipe he had under
4543-523: The ones in Tucson, Arizona ) additionally sell imported Coca-Cola from Mexico with cane sugar instead of corn syrup from separate distributors. Coca-Cola introduced the 7.5-ounce mini-can in 2009, and on September 22, 2011, the company announced price reductions, asking retailers to sell eight-packs for $ 2.99. That same day, Coca-Cola announced the 12.5-ounce bottle, to sell for 89 cents. A 16-ounce bottle has sold well at 99 cents since being re-introduced, but
4620-575: The other two manufacturers could continue to use the formula . Charley Pemberton's record of control over the "Coca-Cola" name was the underlying factor that allowed for him to participate as a major shareholder in the March 1888 Coca-Cola Company incorporation filing made in his father's place. Charley's exclusive control over the "Coca-Cola" name became a continual thorn in Asa Candler's side. Candler's oldest son, Charles Howard Candler , authored
4697-399: The pharmacy from his father and ran it until 1995; closing it after 81 years. On July 12, 1944, the one-billionth gallon of Coca-Cola syrup was manufactured by the Coca-Cola Company. Cans of Coke first appeared in 1955. Sugar prices spiked in the 1970s because of Soviet demand/hoarding and possible futures contracts market manipulation. The Soviet Union was the largest producer of sugar at
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#17327649811874774-570: The predominant focus for Butterfield & Swire . CNCo re-entered the trade in the 1950s and began new trading routes in the region, from Australia to Papua New Guinea and the Pacific Islands . Post-World War II, the company innovated in the Pacific trade routes, notably introducing "unitisation" in cargo handling during the 1960s, and later transitioning to full containerisation. The company also diversified into passenger cruising and
4851-588: The price was going up to $ 1.19. In 2012, Coca-Cola resumed business in Myanmar after 60 years of absence due to US-imposed investment sanctions against the country. Coca-Cola's bottling plant is located in Yangon and is part of the company's five-year plan and $ 200 million investment in Myanmar. Coca-Cola with its partners is to invest US$ 5 billion in its operations in India by 2020. In February 2021, as
4928-428: The rights to the name. In Charles Howard Candler's 1950 book about his father, he stated: "On August 30 [1888], he [ Asa Candler ] became the sole proprietor of Coca-Cola, a fact which was stated on letterheads, invoice blanks and advertising copy." With this action on August 30, 1888, Candler's sole control became technically all true. Candler had negotiated with Margaret Dozier and her brother Woolfolk Walker
5005-474: The syrup, when diluted as directed, would result in a beverage containing 1.21 grains (or 78.4 mg) of caffeine per 8 US fluid ounces (240 ml) serving. The case was decided in favor of the Coca-Cola Company at the district court, but subsequently in 1912, the US Pure Food and Drug Act was amended, adding caffeine to the list of "habit-forming" and "deleterious" substances which must be listed on
5082-468: The time of its 50th anniversary, the soft drink had reached the status of a national icon in the US. In 1935, it was certified kosher by Atlanta rabbi Tobias Geffen . With the help of Harold Hirsch, Geffen was the first person outside the company to see the top-secret ingredients list after Coke faced scrutiny from the American Jewish population regarding the drink's kosher status. Consequently,
5159-403: The time. In 1974 Coca-Cola switched over to high-fructose corn syrup because of the elevated prices. On April 23, 1985, Coca-Cola, amid much publicity, attempted to change the formula of the drink with "New Coke". Follow-up taste tests revealed most consumers preferred the taste of New Coke to both old Coke and Pepsi but Coca-Cola management was unprepared for the public's nostalgia for
5236-429: The vault at SunTrust Banks into a new vault; this vault will be on display for visitors to its World of Coca-Cola museum in downtown Atlanta. According to Snopes , a popular myth states that only two executives have access to the formula, with each executive having only half the formula. However, several sources state that while Coca-Cola does have a rule restricting access to only two executives, each of them knows
5313-592: The volume sold in the world. Independent bottlers are allowed to sweeten the drink according to local tastes. Coca-Cola has been sold outside the United States as early as 1900, when the Cuba Libre (a mix between Coca-Cola and rum) was created in Havana shortly after the Spanish-American War of 1898. However, the international reach of the product became mostly limited to North and Central America,
5390-424: The wax tadpole". In the 1930s, the company settled on the name " 可口可樂 （ 可口可乐 ）" (Ke-kou ke-le) taking into account the effects of syllable and meaning translations. The phrase means roughly "to allow the mouth to be able to rejoice". The story introduction from Coca-Cola mentions that Chiang Yee provided the new localized name, but there are also sources that the localized name appeared before 1935, or that it
5467-473: Was derived from the coca leaf and the caffeine from kola nut (also spelled "cola nut" at the time), leading to the name Coca-Cola. Pemberton called for five ounces of coca leaf per gallon of syrup (approximately 37 g/L), a significant dose; in 1891, Candler claimed his formula (altered extensively from Pemberton's original) contained only a tenth of this amount. Coca-Cola once contained an estimated nine milligrams of cocaine per glass. (For comparison,
5544-447: Was discussed, whereby the same rules apply if a person is unaware of the condition or ingredients of the item in question. Coca-Cola first entered the Chinese market in the 1920s with no localized representation of its name. While the company researched a satisfactory translation, local shopkeepers created their own. These produced the desired "ko-ka ko-la" sound, but with odd meanings such as "female horse fastened with wax" or "bite
5621-551: Was due to company fears that the term "coke" would eventually become a generic trademark , which to an extent became true in the Southern United States where "coke" is used even for non Coca-Cola products . The company also didn't want to confuse its drink with the similarly named coal byproduct that clearly wasn't safe to consume. Eventually, out for fears that another company may claim the trademark for "Coke", Coca-Cola finally embraced it and officially endorsed
5698-488: Was established with the intent of providing paddle steamer services on the Yangtze River . The company was started with an initial investment of £360,000 provided primarily by John Samuel Swire and William Hudson Swire, along with other shareholders, including the father of James Henry Scott of Scotts' Shipbuilding. John Swire and Sons (JS&S) initially commissioned the construction of three ships for trade on
5775-407: Was marketed as "Coca-Cola: The temperance drink", which appealed to many people as the temperance movement enjoyed wide support during this time. The first sales were at Jacob's Pharmacy in Atlanta, Georgia, on May 8, 1886, where it initially sold for five cents a glass. Drugstore soda fountains were popular in the United States at the time due to the belief that carbonated water was good for
5852-435: Was part of a larger strategy to rejuvenate the product's image. The word "Classic" was removed from all Coca-Cola products by 2011. In November 2009, due to a dispute over wholesale prices of Coca-Cola products, Costco stopped restocking its shelves with Coke and Diet Coke for two months; a separate pouring rights deal in 2013 saw Coke products removed from Costco food courts in favor of Pepsi. Some Costco locations (such as
5929-462: Was the world's sixth most valuable brand . Originally marketed as a temperance drink and intended as a patent medicine , Coca-Cola was invented in the late 19th century by John Stith Pemberton in Atlanta , Georgia. In 1888, Pemberton sold the ownership rights to Asa Griggs Candler , a businessman, whose marketing tactics led Coca-Cola to its dominance of the global soft-drink market throughout
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