The Provisional All-Russian Government , informally known as the Directory , the Ufa Directory , or the Omsk Directory , was a short-lived government of the Russian State during the Russian Civil War , formed on 23 September 1918 at the State Conference in Ufa as a result of a forced and extremely unstable compromise of various anti-Communist forces in eastern Russia. It was dissolved two months later after the coup, which had brought Admiral Alexander Kolchak to power in Communist-free areas of eastern Russia. It was meant to be a continuation of the original Russian Provisional Government that was overthrown during the October Revolution in 1917.
77-739: The Government was formed from the Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly , mainly Socialist Revolutionaries and Kadets based in Samara , and from the Provisional Siberian Government of regional politicians and rightist officers and based in Omsk . The two regimes had previously failed to work effectively together, with rivalry leading to a customs war and to numerous border disputes. In November 1918
154-501: A continuing rivalry between the two cities. Omsk received a new life because of World War II . Because it was both far from the fighting and had a well-developed infrastructure, Omsk provided a perfect haven for much of the industry evacuated away from the frontlines. Contingency plans were made to transfer the provisional Soviet capital to Omsk in the event of a German victory during the Battle of Moscow (October 1941 to January 1942). At
231-612: A drawing was sent "On the structure of the Omsk fortress beyond the Omya river prison and courtyards in a line." In 1722, this drawing was used by the captain-engineer, Paul de Grange, in the plan's development of the fortress on the right bank of the Om. At the end of the summer of 1717, Gagarin ordered the production of six bells for the Yamyshevskaya and Omsk fortresses. Bells were made by
308-728: A lot of time and effort to trade with China . And above all, he organized the trade route to this country. The main route passed from Tobolsk , down the Irtysh, then up the Ob, then along the Ket portage to the Yenisei, and on to the border with China. The journey was long, difficult, and expensive. There was also a second option - up the Irtysh, twice shorter and much easier. Kalmyk, Kyrgyz-Kaisak and Chinese chiefs were interested in this route as they all had their share of international trade. However, above
385-538: A major obstacle to smooth government operations and city development. Omsk is in the south of the West Siberian Plain , along the banks of the north-flowing Irtysh , at its confluence with the Om River . The city has an elevation of 87 meters (285 ft) above mean sea level at its highest point. Omsk is an important railroad hub and is the junction point for the northern and southern branches of
462-643: A member of the Council of Ministers of the PA-RG. On November 4, the Government appealed to the regions with a demand to immediately dissolve "all Regional Governments and Representative Institutions without exception" and transfer all powers to the All-Russian Government (Council of Ministers). Such a centralization of state was justified by the need to "recreate the homeland's combat power, which
539-669: A military coup by right-wing Kadets, officers, and Cossacks, with some support from the Allies , overthrew the Provisional All-Russian Government and appointed Admiral Kolchak as the Supreme Leader of Russia . Kolchak, who had been the Minister of War in the government for two weeks, was supported by the coup faction to create a new government that would have no SR influence. Despite its problems,
616-712: A person the name of the Supreme Ruler" , after which "the Regulations on the temporary structure of state power in Russia" (the so-called Constitution of November 18) was developed and adopted, which established the procedure for the relationship of the Council of Ministers and the Supreme Ruler . The next morning, The Council of Ministers met after the arrest of the Social Revolutionaries,
693-440: A representative of the municipal government elected by Omsk residents. Here are all the laurels and applause to the head of the region. At […] the event, a trend was clearly outlined, a fashionable tone set by the former governor Leonid Polezhayev - the separation of the city and the region. Although, in poor budgets, Nazarov and Dvorakovsky, on the contrary, should have worked "in one bundle." According to Vyacheslav Dvorakovsky,
770-526: A synagogue, the governor-general's mansion, and a military academy. But as the frontier receded and its military importance diminished, the town fell into disarray. For that reason, Omsk became a major center of the Siberian exile. From 1850 to 1854, Fyodor Dostoyevsky served his sentence in an Omsk katorga prison. Inside the Omsk settlement (the city of Omsk), a military settlement - the Omsk fortress - lived on its own for approximately 150 years. By 1845,
847-656: Is home to many institutions of higher learning and several universities: As a prominent educational center, Omsk has several museums, theaters, music venues, and educational institutions. Among Omsk's museums, the most notable are: Theaters include the Omsk Opera, The Omsk Theater of Drama, The Omsk Circus, the Omsk State Music Theater, and several smaller venues. Omsk is represented nationally by professional association football and hockey clubs. The socio-political life of Omsk has long been known for
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#1732772585656924-498: Is no information about whether the quadrangular fort and the triangular redoubt were built. However, it is known that the fortress (defensive structure) was built pentagonal, although not as regular as in the drawing. This is clear from the plans of 1745 and 1755. The entire settlement (Omsk fortress, including the Cossack settlement and the main defensive structure) had the shape of an irregular, broken quadrangle. In 1768 Om fortress
1001-758: Is served by the Tsentralny Airport , which offers access to domestic and international (primarily, German and Kazakh) destinations, making the city an important aviation hub for Siberia and the Russian Far East . It is about 450 km (280 mi) north of Kazakhstan's capital Astana , and 600 km (370 mi) west of Siberia's largest city, Novosibirsk . Omsk has a humid continental climate ( Köppen Dfb ) characterized by dramatic seasonal shifts in weather: winters are long, dry, windy and very cold, and summers are short but sunny and warm, sometimes hot. Average daily temperatures, taken over
1078-671: Is so necessary in the time of the struggle for the revival of Great and United Russia", and "to create the necessary conditions to supply the army and organize the rear". On the same day, on the basis of the Provisional Siberian Government, the executive body of the Directory was formed — the All-Russian Council of Ministers, headed by Pyotr Vologodsky . Now it was possible to achieve the abolition of all regional, national and Cossack governments in
1155-536: Is the administrative center and largest city of Omsk Oblast , Russia . It is situated in southwestern Siberia and has a population of over 1.1 million. Omsk is the third largest city in Siberia after Novosibirsk and Krasnoyarsk , and the twelfth-largest city in Russia. It is an important transport node , serving as a train station for the Trans-Siberian Railway and as a staging post for
1232-575: Is the Omsk City Council, elected for five years and consisting of forty deputies. The acting City Council is of the sixth convocation, elected on 10 September 2017, 20 deputies were elected from party lists, the remaining 20 deputies from single-mandate constituencies. Vladimir Valentinovich Korbut, a member of the United Russia party, has been the chairman of the Omsk City Council since 27 September 2017. Gazprom 's Omsk Refinery
1309-737: The Cossacks , designed by Vasily Stasov and consecrated in 1840. It contains various relics of the Siberian Cossacks. Also, an important sigh-seen of the city is the Achair Women's Monastery in the name of the Life-giving Cross of the Lord. It is known for a mineral spring (+37 degrees) on its territory alleged to have healing properties, which was consecrated on September 14, 1993, by Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow . Omsk
1386-534: The Czechs , who were becoming impatient at the inability of the anti-Bolshevik Russians, whom they had been aiding, to help themselves, a state conference, attended by representatives of the Omsk and Samara Governments and other numerous political organizations and regional authorities, opened in Ufa on September 8 for the purpose of working out some scheme of political and military unity. The radicals at Ufa wished to make
1463-779: The Irtysh River . During the Imperial era, Omsk was the seat of the Governor General of Western Siberia and, later, of the Governor General of the Steppes . For a brief period during the Russian Civil War in 1918–1920, it served as the capital of the anti-Bolshevik Russian State and held the imperial gold reserves. Omsk serves as the episcopal see of the bishop of Omsk and Tara , as well as
1540-752: The People's Army of Komuch (the "People's Army"). From June to August 1918, Komuch's influence spread from Samara into the provinces of Simbirsk , Kazan , Ufa and Saratov . In September, however, the People's Army suffered a number of defeats by the Soviet Red Army and withdrew from much of the territory. Komuch participated with the Provisional Siberian Government in the State Conference held in Ufa held between 8 and 23 September 1918. Some of
1617-668: The Red Army , which viewed it as a major focus of their Siberian campaign and eventually forced Kolchak and his government to abandon the city and retreat along the Trans-Siberian eastward to Irkutsk . Bolshevik forces entered the city in 1919. The Soviet government preferred the young Novonikolayevsk (later known as Novosibirsk ) as the administrative center of Western Siberia, prompting the mass transfer of administrative, cultural, and educational functions from Omsk to Novonikolayevsk. This directive stunted Omsk's growth and sparked
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#17327725856561694-492: The Russian Civil War of 1917–1922. It formed on June 8, 1918, after the Czechoslovak Legion had occupied the city. In Russian, the committee was called Комитет членов Учредительного собрания, transliterated as Komitet chlenov uchreditelnogo sobraniya. The initial consonants of the first and third words gave Комуч, transliterated as Komuch, as the shorthand name for the committee. Komuch proclaimed itself
1771-551: The Trans-Siberian Railway . The city also serves as a major hub for the regional highway network. River-port facilities handle both passengers and freight, giving the city access to navigating the extensive waterways of the Irtysh and Ob River . The waterways connect Omsk with the coal and mineral-mining towns further up the river in Kazakhstan , as well as with the oil, natural gas and lumber operations of northern Siberia. Omsk
1848-623: The 170 delegates present also represented other smaller regions. While the conference was in progress, Komuch suffered two significant defeats, losing control of Kazan on 10 September and of Simbirsk two days later. The conference, meanwhile, established the short-lived Provisional All-Russian Government . After Admiral Aleksandr Kolchak 's coup, the provisional government and other institutions were dissolved by General Vladimir Kappel in November 1918. Omsk Omsk ( / ˈ ɒ m s k / ; Russian : Омск , IPA: [omsk] )
1925-598: The Allied powers set up their diplomatic and military offices. A State Conference took place at Ufa between 8 and 23 September 1918, which resulted in the establishment of this alternative to the Russian Republic and then when that was overthrown by the Bolshevik government. It encompassed 170 delegates, including some from other regions. According to William Henry Chamberlin , "Partly under pressure from
2002-826: The Buholz detachment abandoned the Yamyshev fortress and moved down the Irtysh to the territory of the Tarsky district. Gagarin assessed the situation and gave instructions to Lieutenant Colonel Buholz and the Tara commandant to build a fortress at the mouth of the Om and sent recruits to reinforce them. By the end of 1716, the first fortress (fortified place) was built in the modern river station. It comprised an earthen pentagonal fortress, powder and food stores, barracks for soldiers, and houses for officers. The first Omsk fortress (fortified place)
2079-499: The Constituent Assembly that had been dissolved by the Bolsheviks . Two other members, N. Shmelev and V. Abramov, are named in a declaration issued by Komuch that reinstated freedoms and set forth fundamental principles. Its executive body was the "Council of Department Heads" led by Yevgeny Rogovsky. The Committee grew in size as members, mainly Socialist-Revolutionaries, of the former Constituent Assembly travelled to Samara. By
2156-562: The Directory, some of whom were located at a considerable distance from Ufa. The Council of Ministers carried out the day-to-day administration of the government. A majority of the Council of Ministers (10 out of 14) had served formerly as members of the Provisional Siberian Government. The Act on the Formation of the All-Russian Supreme Power established that the PA-RG “is the only bearer of supreme power throughout
2233-527: The East of Russia and thereby formally consolidate the forces of anti-Bolshevik resistance. The "All-Russian" Council of Ministers, formed on 4 November 1918, included: The Directory coup occurred on the night of 17 November 1918, when Krasilnikov's detachment burst onto a meeting of Avksentiev, Zenzinov, Rakov, Gendelman, three delegates from the Archangel Government, and Assistant Minister of
2310-703: The Interior Rogovsky. All of them were members of the Socialist-Revolutionary Party . Krasilnikov arrested Avksentiev and Zenzinov. On 18 November, Premier Vologodosky called a meeting of the Cabinet, and soon there was general agreement the only solution to the political crisis was a personal dictatorship. Kolchak assumed the title of Supreme Ruler, "Commander-in-chief of all the land and naval forces of Russia." Avksentiev, Zenzinov, and Argunov were deported to Paris. Boldyrev also left
2387-455: The Omsk fortress, like other Upper Irtysh fortresses, was caused by the urgent need to strengthen the trade route to China. The credit for their arrangement belongs entirely to the Siberian governor, Prince M.P. Gagarin. However, he also bears a large share of the responsibility. Gagarin, being the governor in Nerchinsk and then the head of the Siberian order and the Siberian province, devoted
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2464-399: The Omsk garrison under the command of Stupin went to the upper Irtysh to build fortresses. Lieutenant Colonel Ivan Buholz categorically refused to lead a new expedition. In March 1717, he was sent from Tobolsk to the capital. There is very little information about the foundation of the Omsk settlement and the construction of the second fortress. One of the most valuable sources of information is
2541-453: The Omsk mayor, and Putin publicly called Dvorakovsky a "piglet". In March 2016, at an air show attended by more than 100,000 spectators, Nazarov ignored the mayor. BK55 correspondent Yelena Yarovaya noted that the mayor at this event was deprived of the right to speak: It turns out like this: for bad roads, unremoved snow, and landfills, we "beat" the mayor with a poor budget. And we celebrate holidays, all sorts of shows and pleasures, without
2618-458: The Provisional All-Russian Government was recognized by all White Russian factions east of the Urals and also established a unified foreign policy. It had the support of Russia's former diplomatic missions abroad. But the government's Directory did not have a large administrative state, and continued to rely on the institutions of the former Provisional Siberian Government in Omsk, which was also where
2695-566: The Siberian governor did not expect the military expedition to reach Yarkand. It was almost impossible and unnecessary. The fortresses along the trade route would remain. The tsar believed in the governor and signed a decree organizing an expedition under the command of a former captain of the Guards, Army Lieutenant Colonel Ivan Bukholts, about the construction of fortresses along the Irtysh above Yamyshev. On January 2, 1716, Matvey Petrovich Gagarin took up his governor's duties and actively took up
2772-588: The administrative seat of the Imam of Siberia. The mayor is Sergey Shelest. The city of Omsk is named after the Om river . This hydronym in the dialect of Baraba Tatars means "the quiet one". [REDACTED] Tsardom of Russia , 1716–1721 [REDACTED] Russian Empire , 1721–1917 [REDACTED] Russian Republic , 1917–1918 [REDACTED] Provisional All-Russian Government , 1918–1919 [REDACTED] Soviet Union ( RSFSR ), 1919–1991 [REDACTED] Russia , 1991–present The creation of
2849-703: The character of the city center. British, Dutch, and German consulates were established roughly at the same time to represent their commercial interests. The pinnacle of development for pre-revolutionary Omsk was the Siberian Exposition of Agriculture and Industry in 1910. The popularity of the World Fair contributed to the image of Omsk as the " Chicago of Siberia ." After the October Revolution , anti-Bolshevik White forces seized control of Omsk. The " Provisional All-Russian Government "
2926-412: The city is an ensemble of buildings along Lyubinsky Avenue/Lenina Street, anchored by the former Gostiny Dvor , and flanked by two chapels. The area is an eclectic mix of architectural styles, dominated by Art nouveau, Neoclassical and Second Empire. Closer to the confluence of the Om and the Irtysh are the few surviving sombre buildings of the 18th-century fortress. The largest and most opulent church in
3003-664: The city is the Dormition Cathedral , a five-domed edifice in the Russian Revival style, consecrated in 1896, demolished by the Soviets, and restored in the first decade of the 21st century. Another area of interest is Nikolsky Avenue-Krasnykh Zor Street, where a line of merchants' wooden houses still stands. The street leads to the Neoclassical cathedral of St. Nicholas , which was commissioned by
3080-464: The city's large businesses, which had been state-owned, were fought over by members of the former party elite, the emerging nouveau riche , and fast-growing criminal syndicates. The most notorious cases involved the privatization of Sibneft , a major oil company. Until the end of the 1990s, political life in Omsk was defined by an ongoing feud between the oblast and city authorities. The resulting conflict developed into two points of view, which served as
3157-490: The city, wielding its tax rates as leverage in negotiations with municipal and regional authorities. The nearby parts of the city close to the complex were nicknamed Neftezovodskaya by refinery workers. Omsk-Severnyy (air base) , a Soviet then Russian Air Force base, is located nearby. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union , Omsk experienced a period of economic instability and political stagnation. Most of
Provisional All-Russian Government - Misplaced Pages Continue
3234-481: The conflict between the city and regional authorities. For more than ten years, there was an information war between Governor Leonid Polezhayev of the Omsk Oblast and the city's mayors. It began with a confrontation between Polezhayev and Valery Roshchupkin (1995-2001) in 1999 and was accompanied by black PR from the media owned by the governor (for example, Channel 12) and from the media owned or supported by
3311-474: The construction of fortresses in Siberia including those on Lake Kosogol, and the Yenisei and Irtysh rivers. Between January 8-10, 1716, the prince met with the king and made him an offer as a golden collection from the ancient burial mounds plundered along the Ishim and Irtysh. At the meeting, Gagarin reported to Peter about his plans for the development of Siberia and received the tsar's permission, presumably as
3388-400: The country. The Council of Ministers came to the conclusion about the need for "the complete concentration of military and civil power in the hands of one person with an authoritative name in the military and public circles." It was decided in principle “to transfer temporarily the exercise of supreme power to one person, based on the assistance of the Council of Ministers, assigning to such
3465-646: The end of September 1918, it numbered 96 members. On 8 June 1918, after the Revolt of the Czechoslovak Legion , Brushvit convinced the legion to occupy Samara. According to William Henry Chamberlin , "A committee of five members of the dissolved Constituent Assembly , all Socialist Revolutionaries , Brushvit, Fortunatov, Klimushkin, Volsky and Nesterov, thereupon assumed civil and military power in Samara City and Province." Having seized power with
3542-571: The end of the war, Omsk remained a major industrial center, subsequently becoming a leader in Soviet military production. Military industries that moved to Omsk included part of the OKMO tank-design bureau in 1941, and S.M. Kirov Factory no. 185 from Chelyabinsk , in 1962. The Kirov Factory and Omsk Transmash design bureau (KBTM) produced T-80 tanks from the 1970s, and handled the BTR-T , TOS-1 , and
3619-408: The entire Russia until the convocation of the Constituent Assembly ” . The Act provided "the transfer of all the functions temporarily assigned by the regional governments" to the PA-RG. Thus, the sovereignty of regional formations was canceled and replaced by "broad autonomy of regions", which limits completely depended on the "wisdom of the Provisional All-Russian Government" . The foundations of
3696-412: The establishment of law and order, so that the Russian people may be able to choose a form of government in accordance with its desire and to realise the high ideas of liberty and freedom. I call upon you, citizens, to unite and to sacrifice your all, if necessary, in the struggle with Bolshevism." Included among Kolchak's ministers was former prominent Tsarist minister Sergey Sazonov , who would represent
3773-409: The first Yamyshev and Omsk fortresses was explained by the lack of fortification experience among the construction managers. At the beginning of 1717 , the dragoon captain, Ilya Gavrilovich Aksakov, was requested to make the trip from Russia. The Governor conferred a major on him and directed him to supervise the construction of a new (second) fortress at the mouth of the Om . In the summer of 1717,
3850-436: The freedom to pursue private enterprise . City dumas, zemstva and other municipal institutions were also reinstated. Paying lip service to the socialization of land, Komuch provided landowners with an opportunity to recover their confiscated lands from peasants and harvest the winter crops of 1917. Expeditions were sent to the rural areas of Russia to protect landowners, kulaks and their property and, later, to mobilize
3927-426: The government at the Paris Peace Conference . A new Russian government was formed, in which nearly all of the member of the Directory's Council of Ministers retained their offices. It operated until January 4, 1920. Komuch The Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly ( Russian : Комитет членов Учредительного собрания ) was an anti-Bolshevik government that operated in Samara, Russia , during
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#17327725856564004-423: The governor's full support; however, in 2010, the information war unfolded again. Several pro-governor media sought the resignation of the mayor. At a press conference on 1 December 2010, Viktor Schreider said he did not intend to participate. According to another version, the information war began in November 2009 after the primaries of the Omsk branch of the United Russia party, but the prerequisites were still in
4081-455: The help of the Czech Legion, Komuch announced the "reinstatement" of various democratic freedoms . An eight-hour working day was established and plant and factory committees ( fabzavkomy , from "fab richno- zav odskiye kom itety ") and trade unions were permitted, as were conferences and congresses of workers and peasants. Soviet decrees were abrogated and all industry and financial establishments returned to their former owners, along with
4158-438: The highest authority in Russia , temporarily acting on behalf of the Russian Constituent Assembly in the territory occupied by the interventionists and the White Movement until the convocation of a new Assembly. Initially, Komuch consisted of five Socialist-Revolutionaries – Vladimir Vol'skii (chairman), Ivan Brushvit, Prokopiy Klimushkin, Boris Fortunatov and Ivan Nesterov – former members of
4235-403: The highest resolution. On January 27, 1716, Peter I left for Europe, where he stayed until October 1717 and ceased receiving timely and reliable information from Siberia. In January 1716, Gagarin (regarding the tsar's decree) issued his own orders for the construction of a fortress on the frontier of Kosogol Lake and in April on the construction of the fortresses on the Upper Yenisei. On April 28,
4312-401: The impetus for some improvements to the city's infrastructure and cultural life. These improvements included the construction of new leisure parks and the renovation of the city's historic center, the establishment of the annual Siberian International Marathon , and of the annual City Days Festival. Despite this, internal political competition continued to drain the city's resources and served as
4389-426: The information war is needed by people whose interests are to weaken both city and regional authorities, while both authorities have already successfully cooperated in solving the problem of kindergartens. On 30 April 2016, during a prank call from the NTV channel, the governor Nazarov sharply criticized Dvorakovsky for his inactivity concerning the city and unwillingness to accept help in critical communal tasks. At
4466-403: The inventory of documents of the Tara Chancellery, copied for Professor G.F. Miller in 1734. This inventory was mentioned by Professor V.I. Kochedamov [ ru ] in 1960, and in 2015 it was published by the Barnaul scientists V.B. Borodaev and A.V. Kontev. However, there are no drawings and it is not known where and how the new city (fortress) was built. From Tara to the Omsk fortress,
4543-405: The mayor. The heads of several newspapers and one television company issued a joint statement accusing the governor of violating the "media law" and the Constitution, which guarantees freedom of speech. Then, in 2003, the conflict between the governor and the mayor Yevgeny Belov (2001-2004) began, culminating in the change of the mayor. The new mayor Viktor Schrader (2004-2012) initially came with
4620-412: The military department, in the amount of three pieces per fortress. According to the drawing of the Omsk fortress in 1717, there was a triangular guard redoubt at the mouth of the Om, a quadrangular fort at the crossing over the Om, and a pentagonal fortress in the yard. At the beginning of 1718, seven bells were made. Perhaps the seventh was intended for the Omsk Sloboda on the right bank of the Om . There
4697-408: The ministers decided on the need to assume full supreme power and then transfer it to an elected person who would lead on the principles of unity of command. The election was held on a secret ballot using closed notes and Admiral Alexander Kolchak was chosen. Kolchak issued the following appeal to the population: "The Provisional All-Russian Government has fallen. The Council of Ministers, having all
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#17327725856564774-418: The minorities that do not occupy a separate territory" . The following were named as urgent tasks to restore the state unity and independence of Russia : On October 9, the Directory left Ufa and moved to Omsk due to the threat of the capture of Ufa by the advancing Soviet troops. On October 13, the former commander of the Black Sea Fleet Vice Admiral Alexander Kolchak arrived in Omsk, who later became
4851-431: The mouth of the Ob, trade caravans were attacked by free detachments of Kalmyks (Oirats) and Kirghiz-Kaisaks, which their rulers could not cope with. A reliable guard was needed with its placement in stationary fortifications. In May 1714, the Siberian governor received the tsar's consent to build fortresses along the Irtysh and to the existing trade route. In his report to the tsar on May 22, 1714, Gagarin substantiated
4928-426: The national state structure of Russia should have proceeded from federal principles: “the organization of liberated Russia on the basis of recognizing of broad autonomy for its individual areas, due to geographic, economic and ethnic characteristics; assuming the final establishment of the federal government by the sovereign Constituent Assembly ..., recognition of right for cultural and national self-determination for
5005-437: The need to build fortresses along the Irtysh to ensure communication and safety of the expedition going to the city of Yarkand for the golden sand. The gold deposit was behind the Tien Shan ridges, on the territory of a neighboring state, in the Taklamakan Desert . Prince Gagarin understood the consequences of this adventure. With a positive result, this would threaten a military conflict with China and Dzungaria . Of course,
5082-459: The new government, which was to be created, responsible before the original Constituent Assembly ; the conservatives wanted to make it as authoritarian and as free from external control as possible..." A compromise resulted with the formation of a five man Directory, but the Constituent Assembly would resume activity if 250 member gathered by 1 January 1919, or 170 by 1 February. The five person Directory had their deputies, personal backup members of
5159-436: The past three decades, are between +20 °C (68 °F) for July and −17 °C (1.4 °F) for January, although temperatures can reach +40 °C (104 °F) in the summer and drop to −45 °C (−49 °F) in the winter. On average, Omsk sees over 300 sunny days a year ( 2201 hours ). The average annual precipitation is 415 millimeters (16.3 in). The population in Omsk had been steadily rising, according to
5236-422: The power in its hands, has invested me, Admiral Alexander Kolchak, with this power. I have accepted this responsibility in the exceptionally difficult circumstances of civil war and complete disorganisation of the country, and I now make it known that I shall follow neither the reactionary path nor the deadly path of party strife. My chief aims are the organisation of a fighting force, the overthrow of Bolshevism, and
5313-405: The prototype Black Eagle tank . Omsk Transmash declared bankruptcy in 2002. In the 1950s, following the development of the oil and natural gas field in Siberia, an oil refinery complex was built, along with an entire "town of oil workers", expanding Omsk northward along the Irtysh . It is currently the largest such complex in Russia. Gazprom Neft , the parent company, is the largest employer in
5390-415: The records: from 31,000 in 1881 to 53,050 in 1900 and to 1,148,418 in 1989 . The 2002 Census recorded that the population had declined to 1,134,016, but it rebounded marginally, according to the 2010 Census , which listed the population of 1,154,116. By 2021, the population had declined to 1,125,695. As of the 2021 Census , the ethnic composition of Omsk was: The architectural centerpiece of
5467-451: The same time, Nazarov stressed that normal interaction, without a "war", with the mayor does not work even with a mutual desire for this. Within the framework of administrative divisions , Omsk is incorporated as a city of oblast significance —an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts . As a municipal division , Omsk is incorporated as the Omsk Urban Okrug. The representative body of local self-government
5544-534: The structures of the Omsk fortress were half destroyed, which prompted the engineering department of the military department to petition for the abolition of the fortress. In 1864, the fortress was destroyed. The development of the city was generated by the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway in the 1890s. This move led to the significance of Omsk as a logistic hub. Many trade companies established stores and offices in Omsk which came to define
5621-597: The summer of 2009; as a result, the entire information war was reduced to a political game. Schreider, as a result, changed the post of mayor to the place of a deputy in the State Duma, and the acting mayor T. A. Vizhevitova was appointed in his place. In 2012, the Omsk Oblast Governor Polezhayev, permanent since the Soviet era, resigned, and Viktor Nazarov , who previously held the post of general director at CJSC Gazprom Mezhregiongaz Omsk,
5698-517: Was appointed in his place. In the same year, early mayoral elections (due to the resignation of the previous mayor) were held, and United Russia candidate Vyacheslav Dvorakovsky, who previously served as chief engineer of the Omsk NPO Mostovik, was elected the new mayor. The information war continued, with the next round beginning during a direct line with President Putin, when an Omsk woman complained that she could not get an appointment with
5775-462: Was established in Omsk in 1918, headed by the Arctic explorer and decorated war hero Admiral Kolchak . Omsk was proclaimed the capital of Russia, and its central bank was tasked with safekeeping the former empire's gold reserves. These were guarded by a garrison of former Czechoslovakian POWs trapped in Siberia by the chaos of World War I and the subsequent Revolution . Omsk became a prime target for
5852-456: Was moved. The original Tobolsk and the restored Tara gates, along with the original German Lutheran Church and several public buildings, are left. Omsk was granted town status in 1782. In 1822, Omsk became an administrative capital of Western Siberia and later in 1882 the center of the vast Steppes region (today the northern part of Kazakhstan ) and Akmolinsk Oblast acquiring several churches and cathedrals of various denominations, mosques,
5929-414: Was practically a copy of the fortress erected in 1715 near Yamyshevskoye Lake. However, it also had a significant drawback: the fortifications were scattered and the outer fence was weak. When the enemy attacked, the entire garrison would have to defend the fortress with objects separate from each other. This actually happened in 1716 during the defense of the Yamyshevskaya fortress. The unsuccessful layout of
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