81-602: Potwin is a city in Butler County , Kansas , United States. It is named after the town site land owner Charles Potwin. As of the 2020 census , the population of the city was 421. For many millennia , the Great Plains of North America was inhabited by nomadic Native Americans . From the 16th century to 18th century, the Kingdom of France claimed ownership of large parts of North America . In 1762, after
162-567: A 30% food sales requirement. List of townships / incorporated cities / unincorporated communities / extinct former communities within Butler County. † means a community is designated a Census-Designated Place (CDP) by the United States Census Bureau . Butler County is divided into twenty-nine townships . The cities of Augusta and El Dorado are considered governmentally independent and are excluded from
243-680: A Corrective Action Order (CAO), for Keystone's May 2011 leaks. On April 2, 2016, PHMSA issued a CAO to TransCanada for a 16,800 US gallons (64 m ) leak in Hutchinson County, South Dakota , and again on April 9. The pipeline restarted at a reduced operating pressure on April 10 after the U.S. regulator approved the companies corrective actions and plan. A 9,700 barrels (1,540 m ) leak occurred in Marshall County, South Dakota in November 2017. This leak occurred early in
324-445: A bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 12.6% of the population. 22.6% of the population was under the age of 18, 9.7% from 18 to 24, 24.5% from 25 to 44, 23.8% from 45 to 64, and 19.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39.4 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.5 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 102.5 males. The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that
405-418: A branch line north–south from Herington to Caldwell . This branch line connected Herington , Lost Springs , Lincolnville , Antelope , Marion , Aulne , Peabody , Elbing , Whitewater , Furley , Kechi , Wichita , Peck , Corbin , Wellington , Caldwell . By 1893, this branch line was incrementally built to Fort Worth, Texas . This line is called the "OKT". The Chicago, Kansas and Nebraska Railway
486-425: A joint rural high school. Heated opposition between Whitewater and Potwin occurred during the discussion for the location of the new high school. Rural voters pushed for a centralized location in neither town. A public vote was passed to build the new school near Brainerd. From 1960s to 1980s, a Titan II intercontinental ballistic missile site was located north of Potwin. The site was one of eighteen overseen by
567-459: A lateral pipeline to refineries at Houston, Texas and a terminal was completed, and was online in 2017. On January 24, 2017, in his first week in office, President Donald Trump signed a presidential memorandum to revive both Keystone XL pipelines, which "would transport more than 800,000 barrels [130,000 m ] per day of heavy crude" from Alberta to the Gulf Coast. On March 9, 2017,
648-494: A leak ever occurs). A pumping station named Burns was built 2 miles north of Potwin , and new power lines were built from a high-voltage line 0.3 mile east of De Graff . In an unusual technical glitch, a farmstead about 4 miles northeast of Potwin became the default site of 600 million IP addresses (due to their lack of fine granularity) when the Massachusetts-based digital mapping company MaxMind changed
729-592: A minimum ground cover of 4 feet (1.2 m). It also involved construction of 23 pump stations and delivery facilities at Wood River, Illinois and Patoka, Illinois . In 2011, the second phase of Keystone included a 480-kilometre (298 mi) extension from Steele City, Nebraska, to Cushing, Oklahoma, and 11 new pump stations to increase the capacity of the pipeline from 435,000 to 591,000 barrels (69,200 to 94,000 m ) per day. Additional phases (III, completed in 2014, and IV, rejected in 2015) have been in construction or discussion since 2011. If completed,
810-742: A new 36-inch (910 mm) pipeline from Hardisty, Alberta, through Montana and South Dakota to Steele City, Nebraska , to "transport of up to 830,000 barrels per day (132,000 m /d) of crude oil from the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin in Alberta, Canada, and from the Williston Basin (Bakken) region in Montana and North Dakota, primarily to refineries in the Gulf Coast area". The Keystone XL pipeline segments were intended to allow American crude oil to enter
891-588: A railroad to serve the area. After much diligent pursuit, the station was built and Joseph, a land agent for Charles Potwin, began development of a town site around the Potwin station. He opened a land office where the Potwin grocery now stands. A post office was established in Ayr (an extinct town) on July 12, 1875, but it was moved to Potwin on September 22, 1885. It quickly grew, including some businesses and houses from nearby community of Plum Grove . During half of
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#1732787826537972-462: A request by TransCanada Corporation to begin constructing worker camps for the pipeline although the company could begin construction of pipe storage and container yards as long as they were outside the proposed pipeline's right-of-way. In March 2019, Trump revoked the prior permit and himself directly issued a new permit for the pipeline. In May 2019, TransCanada Corporation changed its name to TC Energy Corporation , as its business extends into
1053-479: Is a county in the U.S. state of Kansas and is the largest county in the state by total area. Its county seat is El Dorado and its most populous city is Andover . As of the 2020 census , the county population was 67,380. The county was named for Andrew Butler , a U.S. Senator from South Carolina who coauthored the Kansas–Nebraska Act . For many millennia , the Great Plains of North America
1134-633: Is part of the Wichita , KS Metropolitan Statistical Area . As of the census of 2000, 59,482 people, 21,527 households, and 16,059 families resided in the county. The population density was 42 inhabitants per square mile (16/km ). There were 23,176 housing units at an average density of 16 per square mile (6.2/km ). The county's racial makeup was 94.94% White , 1.38% Black or African American , 0.91% Native American , 0.40% Asian , 0.03% Pacific Islander , 0.66% from other races, and 1.69% two or more races . Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.25% of
1215-483: Is served by numerous radio stations of the Wichita - Hutchinson listening market area, and satellite radio . See Media in Wichita, Kansas . Potwin is served by over-the-air ATSC digital TV of the Wichita - Hutchinson viewing market area, cable TV , and satellite TV . See Media in Wichita, Kansas . K-196 highway runs along the south side of the city. Butler County, Kansas Butler County
1296-518: The 381st Strategic Missile Wing at McConnell Air Force Base in Wichita, Kansas . The Titan II near Potwin likely contained a 9 megaton W-53 nuclear warhead . In 2010, the Keystone-Cushing Pipeline (Phase II) was constructed along the east city limits of Potwin, north to south through Butler County , with much controversy over tax exemption and environmental concerns (if a leak ever occurs). A pumping station named Burns
1377-547: The COVID-19 pandemic , will follow government and health authorities guidance, to ensure the protection of workers, their families, and surrounding communities from the virus. On April 15, 2020, District Judge Brian Morris issued a suspension of the pipeline construction after the plaintiffs, the Northern Plains Resource Council , alleged the project was improperly reauthorized back in 2017. In
1458-678: The Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and Premier of Alberta Rachel Notley attended North America's largest energy conference – CERAWeek in Houston, Texas. An Angus Reed Institute poll published that week showed that 48% of Canadians supported the revival of the Keystone XL pipeline project. The pollsters said that the support for the Keystone pipeline project by provincial NDP government and
1539-744: The Environmental Protection Agency criticized the State Department's draft environmental impact study for neglecting concerns about oil spill response plans, safety issues and greenhouse gas . In February 2011, the Keystone-Cushing extension (Phase II) was completed running 468 kilometres (291 mi) from Steele City to a tank farm in Cushing, Oklahoma . On June 3, 2011, Pipeline Hazardous Materials and Safety Administration (PHMSA) issued TransCanada
1620-657: The French and Indian War , France secretly ceded New France to Spain , per the Treaty of Fontainebleau . In 1802, Spain returned most of the land to France. In 1803, most of the land for modern day Kansas was acquired by the United States from France as part of the 828,000 square mile Louisiana Purchase for 2.83 cents per acre . In 1854, the Kansas Territory was organized, then in 1861 Kansas became
1701-610: The Nebraska Public Service Commission 's approval of TransCanada's pipeline application. In October 2019, the State Department solicited comments on its new draft supplemental environmental impact statement . In March 2020, the Premier of Alberta Jason Kenney , who campaigned on promoting the provincial oil and gas industry and promoted it by repealing the carbon tax and establishing an energy war room ( Canadian Energy Centre ), announced that
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#17327878265371782-747: The South Dakota Public Utilities Commission granted a permit to proceed. and in March 2010, the National Energy Board approved the project. In June 2010, Keystone Pipeline (Phase I) was completed and was delivering oil from Hardisty , Alberta , over 3,456 kilometres (2,147 mi) to the junction at Steele City, Nebraska , and on to Wood River Refinery in Roxana, Illinois , and Patoka Oil Terminal Hub north of Patoka, Illinois . On July 21, 2010,
1863-636: The UCP government was taking an "equity stake" and providing a "loan guarantee", which amounts to a "total financial commitment of just over $ 7 billion" to the Keystone XL project. On March 31, 2020, CEO Russ Girling announced that TC Energy "will proceed with construction of the Keystone XL Pipeline" and thanked President Donald Trump, Alberta Premier Jason Kenney, and other government officials for "support and advocacy" for Keystone XL. Girling said that this construction, which will take place during
1944-590: The US Army Corps of Engineers v. Northern Plains Resource Council case, the Supreme Court of the United States ordered all Keystone XL work be halted. The order, however, did not affect any other present or future pipeline construction in the United States, and would be in force until the circuit court, and then the Supreme Court deliver their final rulings. In response, TC Energy stated that
2025-525: The Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin in Alberta to refineries in Illinois and Texas , and also to oil tank farms and an oil pipeline distribution center in Cushing, Oklahoma . TransCanada Keystone Pipeline GP Ltd , abbreviated here as Keystone, operates four phases of the project. In 2013, the first two phases had the capacity to deliver up to 590,000 barrels (94,000 m ) per day of oil into
2106-487: The oil sands of Canada. It is unclear how much of the oil transported through the pipeline would have reached American consumers instead of being exported to other countries. The pipeline became well known when the proposed KXL extension attracted opposition from environmentalists with concerns about climate change and fossil fuels . In 2015, KXL was temporarily delayed by President Barack Obama . On January 24, 2017, President Donald Trump took action intended to permit
2187-536: The 34th U.S. state . In 1855, Butler County was founded. It was named in honor of a U.S. Senator from South Carolina , Andrew Butler (1796-1857), who was one of the authors of the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 and a strong advocate of Kansas becoming a slave state . In 1877, the Florence, El Dorado, and Walnut Valley Railroad Company built a branch line from Florence to El Dorado , in 1881 it
2268-605: The 34th U.S. state . In 1855, Butler County was established within the Kansas Territory , which included the land for modern day Potwin. Potwin was incorporated as a town on April 8, 1885. This land, owned by Charles Potwin, whereby the town received its name, became a station for the Missouri Pacific Railroad , instigated by William I. Joseph, known as the Father of Potwin. Joseph came from West Virginia and, as more settlers arrived, became interested in
2349-755: The Canadian Mainline natural gas pipeline and 373 kilometres (232 mi) of new pipeline, pump stations and terminal facilities at Hardisty, Alberta. The United States section is 2,219 kilometres (1,379 mi) long. It runs through Nemaha , Brown and Doniphan counties in Kansas and Buchanan , Clinton , Caldwell , Montgomery , Lincoln and St. Charles counties in Missouri , before entering Madison County, Illinois. Phase 1 went online in June 2010. The Keystone-Cushing pipeline phase connected
2430-492: The Canadian federal government to block regulatory approvals for the pipeline, with union president Dave Coles stating, "the Keystone pipeline will exclusively serve US markets, create a permanent employment for very few Canadians, reduce our energy security, and hinder investment and job creation in the Canadian energy sector". On January 22, 2008, ConocoPhillips acquired a 50% stake in the project. On March 17, 2008, during
2511-473: The Keystone XL would have added 510,000 barrels (81,000 m ) per day increasing the total capacity up to 1.1 million barrels (170,000 m ) per day. The original Keystone Pipeline cost US$ 5.2 billion. From January 2018 through December 31, 2019, Keystone XL development costs were $ 1.5 billion. The project was proposed in 2005 by the Calgary , Alberta-based TransCanada Corporation , and
Potwin, Kansas - Misplaced Pages Continue
2592-587: The Keystone expansion had the option to acquire up to a combined 15% equity ownership, which included Valero Energy Corporation and Hogshead Spouter Co. This 3,456-kilometre-long (2,147 mi) pipeline runs from Hardisty, Alberta , to the junction at Steele City, Nebraska , and on to the Wood River Refinery in Roxana, Illinois , and Patoka Oil Terminal Hub (tank farm) north of Patoka, Illinois . The Canadian section involves approximately 864 kilometres (537 mi) of pipeline converted from
2673-626: The Midwest refineries. Phase III has capacity to deliver up to 700,000 barrels (110,000 m ) per day to the Texas refineries. By comparison, production of petroleum in the United States averaged 9.4 million barrels (1.5 million cubic meters) per day in first-half 2015, with gross exports of 500,000 barrels (79,000 m ) per day through July 2015. A proposed fourth pipeline, called Keystone XL (sometimes abbreviated KXL, with XL standing for "export limited" ) Pipeline, would have connected
2754-584: The Nebraska Public Service Commission approved (3–2) the construction of the pipeline, but via an alternative route which is longer and deemed to have less environmental impact than two other routes that were considered. This proved to be a major setback for TransCanada since they would have "years of new review and legal challenges". TransCanada asked Nebraska to reconsider this decision. They also worked with Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) to determine
2835-590: The North American logistics system, the upstream and downstream activities are unlikely to be substantially different whether or not the proposed Project is constructed". On January 9, 2015, the Nebraska Supreme Court cleared the way for construction, after Republican Governor Dave Heineman had approved it in 2013. On 14 November 2014, the House of Representatives passed a bill approving
2916-543: The Phase I-pipeline terminals in Hardisty, Alberta , and Steele City, Nebraska , by a shorter route and a larger-diameter pipe. It would have run through Baker, Montana , where American-produced light crude oil from the Williston Basin ( Bakken formation ) of Montana and North Dakota would have been added to the Keystone's throughput of synthetic crude oil (syncrude) and diluted bitumen ( dilbit ) from
2997-542: The U.S. part of the project would be reassessed (but not abandoned); the Canadian part would proceed as before. On January 20, 2021, United States President Joe Biden revoked the permit for the pipeline on his first day in office. On June 9, 2021, the Keystone XL project was abandoned by its developer. At the time of the project's cancellation, approximately 8% of the pipeline had been constructed. The company, which changed its name from TransCanada Corporation to TC Energy Corporation on May 3, 2020, to "better reflect
3078-607: The United States and Mexico, as well as Canada where it has pipelines, power generation and energy storage operations. In June 2019, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit granted the Justice Department's motion to lift the injunction blocking construction and found that the new permit mooted the prior Montana lawsuit. In August 2019, the Nebraska Supreme Court affirmed
3159-516: The United States federal government in 2015. Construction of Phase III, from Cushing, Oklahoma , to Nederland, Texas , in the Gulf Coast area, began in August 2012 as an independent economic utility. Phase III was opened on January 22, 2014, completing the pipeline path from Hardisty, Alberta to Nederland, Texas. The Keystone XL Pipeline Project (Phase IV) revised proposal in 2012 consists of
3240-466: The XL pipelines at Baker, Montana , on their way to the storage and distribution facilities at Cushing, Oklahoma . Cushing is a major crude oil marketing/refining and pipeline hub. Operating since 2010, the original Keystone Pipeline System is a 3,461-kilometre (2,151 mi) pipeline delivering Canadian crude oil to U.S. Midwest markets and Cushing, Oklahoma. In Canada, the first phase of Keystone involved
3321-540: The age of 18 and 15.3% of those ages 65 or over. As of the census of 2010, there were 449 people, 181 households, and 130 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,870.8 inhabitants per square mile (722.3/km). There were 205 housing units at an average density of 854.2 per square mile (329.8/km). The racial makeup of the city was 92.2% White , 0.2% African American , 1.3% Native American , 0.7% Asian , 2.2% from other races , and 3.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.6% of
Potwin, Kansas - Misplaced Pages Continue
3402-420: The age of 18 living with them, 53.5% were married couples living together, 8.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.2% were non-families. 28.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 2.95. In the city, the population was spread out, with 26.0% under
3483-461: The age of 18, 9.0% from 18 to 24, 28.0% from 25 to 44, 21.9% from 45 to 64, and 15.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.3 males. The median income for a household in the city was $ 39,091, and the median income for a family was $ 42,500. Males had a median income of $ 31,544 versus $ 18,375 for females. The per capita income for
3564-494: The approval decision should rest with the Executive Branch. The Senate was unable to override the veto by a two-thirds majority, with a 62–37 vote. On September 29, 2015, TransCanada dropped their lawsuit against Nebraska landowners who had refused permission for pipeline easements on their properties in order to exercise their eminent domain . On November 3, 2015, U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry determined that
3645-542: The bureaucratic hurdles, and make this project a priority, to go ahead and get it done." On January 22, 2014, the Gulf Coast Extension (Phase III) was completed, running 784 kilometres (487 mi) from Cushing to refineries at Port Arthur, Texas . In January 2014, the U.S. Department of State's (DoS) January 2014 "Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement" (SEIS) said that, "because of broader market dynamics and options for crude oil transport in
3726-540: The census figures for the townships. In the following table, the population center is the largest city (or cities) included in that township's population total, if it is of a significant size. Keystone Pipeline The Keystone Pipeline System is an oil pipeline system in Canada and the United States, commissioned in 2010 and owned by TC Energy and, as of March 2020, the Government of Alberta . It runs from
3807-468: The city was $ 18,254. About 4.7% of families and 8.3% of the population were below the poverty line , including 6.8% of those under age 18 and 8.6% of those age 65 or over. The community is served by Remington USD 206 public school district. The Remington High School mascot is a Bronco. Potwin High School was closed through school unification. The Potwin High School mascot was Greyhounds. Potwin
3888-430: The city. The population density was 2,001.1 inhabitants per square mile (772.6/km). There were 208 housing units at an average density of 910.8 per square mile (351.7/km). The racial makeup of the city was 95.40% White , 1.53% Native American , 0.22% Asian , and 2.84% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.88% of the population. There were 187 households, out of which 33.2% had children under
3969-521: The construction of the Keystone XL Pipeline in a 252–161 vote; however, the bill was rejected by the Senate four days later in a 59-41 votes, failing to reach the 60 votes threshold . A second bill approving the construction of the pipeline was passed in a 62–36 vote on 29 January 2015 and by the House in a 270–152 vote on 11 February, but on 24 February it was vetoed by President Obama, who said that
4050-837: The conversion of approximately 864 kilometres (537 mi) of existing 36-inch (910 mm) natural gas pipeline in Saskatchewan and Manitoba to crude oil pipeline service. It also included approximately 373 kilometres (232 mi) of new 30-inch-diameter (760 mm) pipeline, 16 pump stations and the Keystone Hardisty Terminal. The U.S. portion of the Keystone Pipeline included 1,744 kilometres (1,084 mi) of new, 30-inch-diameter (760 mm) pipeline in North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Missouri, and Illinois. The pipeline has
4131-491: The county by a nearly two-to-one margin over Barack Obama . Since 1992, no Democratic candidate has received so much as forty percent of the county's vote. The last Democratic candidate to carry the county was Jimmy Carter in 1976. Butler County was a prohibition, or "dry" , county until the Kansas Constitution was amended in 1986 and voters approved the sale of alcoholic liquor by the individual drink with
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#17327878265374212-705: The default geolocation was changed to the middle of Cheney Reservoir in Kansas. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 0.24 square miles (0.62 km), all of it land. The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Potwin has a humid subtropical climate , abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps. The 2020 United States census counted 421 people, 168 households, and 113 families in Potwin. The population density
4293-534: The entire Sandhills region and Ogallala Aquifer and six alternatives that would have reduced pipeline mileage crossing the Sandhills or the aquifer. In March 2012, Obama endorsed building the southern segment (Gulf Coast Extension or Phase III) that begins in Cushing, Oklahoma. The President said in Cushing, Oklahoma, on March 22, "Today, I'm directing my administration to cut through the red tape, break through
4374-414: The federal Liberal government under Trudeau had a positive impact on Canadians' attitudes of the project. On March 24, 2017, Trump signed a presidential permit to allow TransCanada to build the Keystone XL pipeline. The State Department issued a new Record of Decision on the same facts as before, but reversed itself to find that granting the permit would be in the national interest. In November 2017,
4455-581: The final year of the Presidency of George W. Bush , the United States Department of State issued a Presidential Permit authorizing the construction, maintenance and operation of facilities at the United States and Canada border. In June 2008, the Keystone XL extension was proposed. Later that year, TransCanada began the process of becoming the sole owner of the pipeline. In 2009 it bought out ConocoPhillips' shares and reverted to being
4536-493: The land for modern day Kansas was acquired by the United States from France as part of the 828,000 square mile Louisiana Purchase for 2.83 cents per acre . In 1848, after the Mexican–American War , the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo with Spain brought into the United States all or part of land for ten future states, including southwest Kansas. In 1854, the Kansas Territory was organized, then in 1861 Kansas became
4617-419: The median household income was $ 41,618 (with a margin of error of +/- $ 9,667) and the median family income was $ 43,750 (+/- $ 12,064). Males had a median income of $ 39,115 (+/- $ 3,013) versus $ 27,250 (+/- $ 12,459) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $ 33,125 (+/- $ 8,498). Approximately, 7.8% of families and 7.2% of the population were below the poverty line , including 9.9% of those under
4698-569: The morning on November 16, 2017, near Amherst, South Dakota and was contained shortly after detection 35 miles (56 km) south of the Ludden pump station. On August 26, 2011, the final environmental impact report was released, stating that the pipeline would pose "no significant impacts" to most resources if environmental protection measures are followed, but it would present "significant adverse effects to certain cultural resources". In September 2011, Cornell ILR Global Labor Institute released
4779-557: The oil processing facilities. The company was sold to Swift & Company and the remaining operations were closed in 1970, and later demolished. In 1934, Vickers built a large mansion (named "Vickridge") east of Wichita (now in the city limits), which his estate later become the current site of Kapaun Mt. Carmel High School . In 1961, Frederic Remington High School was built immediately north of Brainerd. Leading up to this new school, Whitewater , Potwin, Brainerd , Elbing , Furley , Countryside, and Golden Gate schools merged to form
4860-450: The pipeline was also weakened by technological factors. Innovations in fracking had increased domestic oil production and, according to the EIA, reduced demand of oil from foreign countries to an all-time low since 1985. Shifts to gasoline fuel for cargo vehicles, new technologies promoting fuel efficiency, and export restrictions that reduced the price of oil also played a part. In mid-2016,
4941-597: The pipeline's completion. On January 20, 2021, President Joe Biden signed an executive order to revoke the permit that was granted to TC Energy Corporation for the Keystone XL Pipeline (Phase 4). On June 9, 2021, TC Energy abandoned plans for the Keystone XL Pipeline. The Keystone Pipeline system consisted of the operational Phase I, Phase II, and Phase III, the Gulf Coast Pipeline Project. A fourth, proposed pipeline expansion segment Phase IV, Keystone XL, failed to receive necessary permits from
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#17327878265375022-439: The population. There were 181 households, of which 30.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.8% were married couples living together, 9.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 28.2% were non-families. 24.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size
5103-399: The population. There were 21,527 households , of which 37.90% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.60% were married couples living together, 8.30% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.40% were non-families. 21.90% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size
5184-566: The project was not in the public interest. Kerry found that there was a "perception" among foreigners that the project would increase greenhouse-gas emissions, and that, whether or not this perception was accurate, the decision would "undercut the credibility and influence of the United States" in climate-change-related negotiations. On November 6, 2015, the Obama administration rejected the Keystone XL pipeline project, citing economic and environmental concerns. Financial commitment to completion of
5265-440: The putative geographic center of the contiguous United States from 39.8333333,-98.585522 to 38.0000,-97.0000. According to the United States Census Bureau , the county has an area of 1,447 square miles (3,750 km ), of which 1,430 square miles (3,700 km ) is land and 17 square miles (44 km ) (1.2%) is water. It is the largest county by area in Kansas. Sources: National Atlas, U.S. Census Bureau Butler County
5346-947: The results of the GLI Keystone XL Report, which evaluated the pipeline's impact on employment, the environment, energy independence , the economy, and other critical areas. On November 10, 2011, the Department of State postponed a final decision while investigating "potential alternative routes around the Sandhills in Nebraska " in response to concerns that the project was not in the United States' national interest . In its response, TransCanada pointed out fourteen different routes for Keystone XL were being studied, eight that impacted Nebraska. They included one potential alternative route in Nebraska that would have avoided
5427-407: The scope of our operations as a leading North American energy infrastructure company", is the sole owner of the Keystone Pipeline System. The pipeline system was originally developed as a partnership between TransCanada and ConocoPhillips , but TransCanada announced plans to buy ConocoPhillips' interest in Keystone in June 2009. As of 2008, certain parties who agreed to make volume commitments to
5508-410: The sole owner. It took TransCanada more than two years to acquire all necessary state and federal permits for the pipeline. Construction took another two years. In September 2009, the NEB – replaced in 2019 by the Canadian Energy Regulator (CER) – started hearings. The pipeline, from Hardisty, Alberta , Canada, to Patoka, Illinois , United States, became operational in June 2010. Later that year,
5589-414: The structural cause of a leak in South Dakota on November 21, 2017. In November 2018, U.S. District Judge Brian Morris ( District of Montana ) enjoined construction of the pipeline and vacated the new permit because the policy reversal violated the Administrative Procedure Act , the National Environmental Policy Act , and the Endangered Species Act . In February 2019, District Judge Morris denied
5670-408: The summary judgment, the judge agreed that the Endangered Species Act was violated, thereby voiding the permit. On May 28, 2020, the United States Court of Appeals of the Ninth Circuit denied a motion to stay the District Judge's ruling. This prompted Solicitor General Noel J. Francisco to file an application for stay to the Supreme Court. The application was granted a hearing. On July 6, 2020, in
5751-419: The twentieth century, Potwin enjoyed the prosperity of oil fields in the Mid-Continent oil province . In 1920, John (Jack) Vickers (1891–1940) built the Vickers Oil Refinery in Potwin. He got his start in oil fields in Butler County, commencing with the lease on the Parris Farm 10 miles north of Potwin, production reached 16,000 barrels a day during the 1950s. In 1964, distressed economic conditions shut down
5832-425: Was $ 45,474, and the median family income was $ 53,632. Males had a median income of $ 38,675 versus $ 26,109 for females. The county's per capita income was $ 20,150. About 5.40% of families and 7.30% of the population were below the poverty line , including 9.00% of those under age 18 and 6.40% of those age 65 or over. Like of most of Kansas’ counties, Butler county is solidly Republican. In 2008, John McCain carried
5913-486: Was 1,791.5 per square mile (691.7/km). There were 195 housing units at an average density of 829.8 per square mile (320.4/km). The racial makeup was 90.74% (382) white or European American (89.07% non-Hispanic white ), 0.48% (2) black or African-American , 2.14% (9) Native American or Alaska Native , 0.0% (0) Asian , 0.0% (0) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian , 0.95% (4) from other races , and 5.7% (24) from two or more races . Hispanic or Latino of any race
5994-429: Was 2.48 and the average family size was 2.94. The median age in the city was 39.4 years. 25.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.2% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.1% were from 25 to 44; 28.5% were from 45 to 64; and 14% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.9% male and 50.1% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 457 people, 187 households, and 123 families residing in
6075-418: Was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.13. In the county, the population was spread out, with 28.60% under the age of 18, 8.30% from 18 to 24, 28.80% from 25 to 44, 21.70% from 45 to 64, and 12.60% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.80 males. The county's median household income
6156-420: Was 4.75% (20) of the population. Of the 168 households, 32.7% had children under the age of 18; 44.6% were married couples living together; 27.4% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 29.2% of households consisted of individuals and 14.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.8 and the average family size was 3.4. The percent of those with
6237-534: Was approved by Canada's National Energy Board in 2007. On September 21, 2007, the National Energy Board of Canada approved the construction of the Canadian section of the pipeline, including converting a portion of TransCanada's Canadian Mainline gas pipeline to crude oil pipeline, on September 21, 2007. In October 2007, the Communications, Energy and Paperworkers Union of Canada asked
6318-454: Was built 2 miles north of Potwin, and new power lines were built from a high-voltage line 0.3 mile east of De Graff . In an unusual technical glitch, a farmstead about 4 miles northeast of Potwin became the default geolocation of 600 million IP addresses when the Massachusetts-based digital mapping company MaxMind changed the putative geographic center of the contiguous United States from 39.8333333,-98.585522 to 38.0000,-97.0000. Later,
6399-524: Was extended to Douglass , and later to Arkansas City . The line was leased and operated by the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway . The line from Florence to El Dorado was abandoned in 1942. The original branch line connected Florence , Burns , De Graff , El Dorado , Augusta , Douglass , Rock , Akron , Winfield , Arkansas City . In 1887, the Chicago, Kansas and Nebraska Railway built
6480-570: Was foreclosed in 1891 and was taken over by Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railway , which shut down in 1980 and reorganized as Oklahoma, Kansas and Texas Railroad , merged in 1988 with Missouri Pacific Railroad , and finally merged in 1997 with Union Pacific Railroad . Most locals still refer to this railroad as the "Rock Island". In 2010, the Keystone-Cushing Pipeline (Phase II) was constructed north to south through Butler County (near Potwin , Towanda , Augusta , Douglass ), with much controversy over tax exemption and environmental concerns (if
6561-406: Was inhabited by nomadic Native Americans . From the 16th century to 18th century, the Kingdom of France claimed ownership of large parts of North America . In 1762, after the French and Indian War , France secretly ceded New France to Spain , per the Treaty of Fontainebleau . In 1802, Spain returned most of the land to France, but keeping title to about 7,500 square miles. In 1803, most of
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