Pohatcong Creek (also called the Pohatcong River ) is a 30.7-mile-long (49.4 km) tributary of the Delaware River in northwestern New Jersey in the United States .
104-668: It rises in the mountains of eastern Warren County , west of Hackettstown . It flows southwest, in a valley along the northwestern side of the Pohatcong Mountain ridge, which separates its watershed from that of the Musconetcong River . It joins the Delaware in Pohatcong Township , approximately 5 miles (8 kilometers) south of Phillipsburg . The name Pohatcong is said to have thought of
208-531: A Munsee phrase — pohwihtukwung , or "at the rippling or lapping river". 40°44′11″N 75°01′41″W / 40.736527°N 75.027995°W / 40.736527; -75.027995 This Warren County, New Jersey state location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article related to a river in New Jersey is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Warren County, New Jersey Warren County
312-427: A 16.1% margin over Joe Biden . In the 2009 gubernatorial election , Republican Chris Christie received 61% of the vote, defeating Democrat Jon Corzine , who received around 26%. In the 2013 gubernatorial election , Chris Christie received 72.6% of the vote, defeating Democratic challenger Barbara Buono , who received 25% of the vote. In the 2017 gubernatorial election , Republican Kim Guadango received 61.2% of
416-468: A company of light infantry. These men were generally hand picked from the fittest and most proficient of the rank and file. The light infantry companies of several regiments were usually combined in composite light infantry battalions. Similar composite battalions were often formed from the grenadier companies of line regiments. Grenadiers were historically chosen from the tallest soldiers, but as with light infantry companies, were often selected from among
520-634: A consistently conservative county in local, state, and national elections, much like the neighboring counties of Sussex and Hunterdon. All of its state legislators and countywide elected officials are Republicans, as are the vast majority of municipal officials. As of June 1, 2024, there were a total of 87,537 registered voters in Warren County, of whom 35,756 (40.8%) were registered as Republicans , 23,346 (26.7%) were registered as Democrats and 26,938 (30.8%) were registered as unaffiliated . There were 1,497 voters (1.7%) registered to other parties. In
624-442: A female householder with no husband present and 30.4% were non-families. Of all households, 25% were made up of individuals and 10.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 3.1. 23.6% of the population were under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 24.1% from 25 to 44, 30.4% from 45 to 64, and 14.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age
728-492: A further 18,000 men half of which were stationed in garrisons to release regular British units from other theaters. This measure brought the Army's total establishment strength to around 55,000 men. Parliament suffered chronic difficulties in obtaining sufficient manpower, and found it impossible to fill the quotas they had set. The Army was a deeply unpopular profession with one contentious issue being pay. A private infantryman
832-458: A greater distance apart and three "orders" were used to specify the distance to be expanded or contracted as necessary; "order" (two intervals), "open order" (four intervals), and "extended order" (ten intervals). British infantry advanced at the 'Trott' and fought fluid battles primarily using the bayonet. Although this new formation increased the British army's mobility and tactical flexibility,
936-591: A military career since an early age, and insisted on sharing his soldiers' hardships. After early victories, he was unable to destroy the American Continental armies opposing him or to raise substantial loyalist support. On Clinton's orders, he tried to create a fortified enclave on the Chesapeake coast, but was cut off by a French fleet and forced to surrender at the Siege of Yorktown , which signalled
1040-910: A new communication method for light infantry officers when in command of loosely deployed, scattered troops; whistle signals rather than drums would indicate movements such as advance, retire, extend or contract. In 1774, William Howe wrote the Manual for Light Infantry Drill and formed an experimental Light Infantry battalion trained at Salisbury camp. This became the pattern for all regular light infantry serving in North America. Howe's system differed in that it focused on development of composite battalions of light infantry more suited to large scale campaigning in North America, rather than individual companies. On taking command in America, Howe gave orders that every regiment which had not already done so to form
1144-408: A rallying point in the most bitter actions. Both regimental standards were highly regarded and a source of pride each regiment. However, because of the tactical constraints in conducting the war and the adapted mode of fighting, it is likely that British regiments only used their colours for ceremonial purposes in America, particularly the armies commanded by Howe and Cornwallis. In the early years of
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#17327874431591248-599: A sizable number of British forces from North America in 1778 were all factors in the British Army's ultimate defeat. At Yorktown in 1781, the British Army, then led by Charles Cornwallis , was forced to surrender, contributing to the Whigs gaining control of a parliamentary majority, which brought offensive British military operations in North America to an end. Britain had incurred a large national debt fighting
1352-730: A small band of Lenape raided the homes of local militia commanders, killing several members of the Swartout family and kidnapping other settlers during the Hunt-Swartout raid . In response to these aggressions, Jonathan Belcher , the colonial-era governor of the Province of New Jersey authorized that eight forts to be constructed along the Delaware River to defend the New Jersey frontier from such incursions, and authorized
1456-609: A small experimental company of riflemen armed with this weapon, but this was disbanded in 1778. In many instances, British forces relied on Jagers from among the German contingents to provide skirmishers armed with rifles. British infantry regiments possessed two flags: the King's Colour (the Union flag ) and their regimental colour , which displayed colour of the regiment's facings. In 18th and 19th century warfare 'the colours' often became
1560-406: Is a county located in the U.S. state of New Jersey . According to the 2020 census , the county was the state's 19th-most populous county , with a population of 109,632, its highest decennial count ever and an increase of 940 (+0.9%) from the 2010 census count of 108,692, which in turn reflected an increase of 6,255 (+6.1%) from 102,437 counted at the 2000 census . The county is part of
1664-1035: Is a part of Vicinage 13 of the New Jersey Superior Court (along with Somerset County and Hunterdon County ), which is seated at the Somerset County Courthouse in Somerville ; the Assignment Judge for Vicinage 15 is the Honorable Yolanda Ciccone. The Warren County Courthouse is in Belvidere . Law enforcement at the county level is provided by the Warren County Sheriff's Office and the Warren County Prosecutor's Office. Emergency services are provided by
1768-596: Is at 1,555 feet (474 m). Warren County has a humid continental climate ( Dfa / Dfb ). Average monthly temperatures in downtown Phillipsburg range from 29.0 °F (−1.7 °C) in January to 74.2 °F (23.4 °C) in July, while in Hackettstown they range from 27.0 °F (−2.8 °C) in January to 71.5 °F (21.9 °C) in July. The hardiness zones are 6a and 6b. Average temperatures in
1872-497: Is governed by the three-member Warren County Board of County Commissioners who are chosen at-large on a staggered basis in partisan elections with one seat coming up for election each year as part of the November general election. At an annual reorganization meeting held at the beginning of January, the board selects one of its members to serve as director and another as deputy director. In 2016, commissioners were paid $ 24,000 and
1976-541: Is part of the Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ metropolitan statistical area in the Lehigh Valley . The 2010 United States census counted 108,692 people, 41,480 households, and 28,870 families in the county. The population density was 304.5 inhabitants per square mile (117.6/km ). There were 44,925 housing units at an average density of 125.9 per square mile (48.6/km ). The racial makeup
2080-550: Is situated north of the terminal moraine; it runs north of Belvidere, to south of Great Meadows, then east to the north of Hackettstown. Towns such as Blairstown, Johnsonburg, Hope and Allamuchy are in the Kittatinny Valley The highest elevation is 1,600 feet (490 m) above sea level on the Kittatinny Ridge, at two areas just south of Upper Yards Creek Reservoir, west of Blairstown. The lowest point
2184-496: Is the confluence of the Delaware and Musconetcong rivers at the county's southern tip, at 160 feet (49 m) of elevation. The highest elevation on Allamuchy Mountain is 1,240 feet (380 m) on the ridge northeast of Allamuchy. On Jenny Jump Mountain the highest point is 1,134 feet (346 m) east of the Shiloh area or south of Interstate 80. Sunfish Pond has an elevation of 1,379 feet (420 m) and upper Yards Creek Reservoir
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#17327874431592288-563: Is the British Army's strength based on Lord North's reports. These figures exclude the Irish establishment, Hanoverians, militia, and the East India Company's private army. The totals in North America specifically are listed in parentheses. A detailed order of battle for British Army forces in North America circa October 1778 is as follows (about one-third of its then-strength is discounted due to disease, desertion, and other causes;
2392-681: Is the Musconetcong. Starting at Lake Musconetcong, the river divides the county from Morris and Hunterdon. This river drains the southern portion of the county and empties into the Delaware River near Warren Glen. Warren County is located in two valleys of the Great Appalachian Valley . The first is the Kittatinny Valley , which is in the northern part of the county, and the Lehigh Valley , which borders
2496-419: Is the only New Jersey county not a part of the combined statistical areas of either New York City or Philadelphia . The county's most populous municipality is Phillipsburg , with 15,249 residents at the time of the 2020 census while Hardwick Township had both the largest area, 37.92 square miles (98.2 km ), and the fewest people with 1,696 residents. Its county seat is Belvidere . Warren County
2600-629: Is well documented. William Howe was said to have seen many "crapulous mornings" while campaigning in New York. John Burgoyne drank heavily on a nightly basis towards the end of the Saratoga campaign. The two generals were also reported to have found solace with the wives of subordinate officers to ease the stressful burdens of command. During the Philadelphia campaign, British officers deeply offended local Quakers by entertaining their mistresses in
2704-430: The 2008 presidential election , John McCain carried Warren County by a 14% margin over Barack Obama , with Obama winning statewide by 15.5% over McCain. In the 2012 U.S. presidential election , Mitt Romney carried the county by a 15.4% margin over Barack Obama. In the 2016 U.S. presidential election , Donald Trump carried the county by a 25.3% margin over Hillary Clinton . In 2020 , Trump carried Warren County by
2808-746: The Battles of Lexington and Concord in present-day Massachusetts . Two months later, in June 1775, the Second Continental Congress , gathered in the revolutionary capital of Philadelphia , appointed George Washington to organize patriot militias into the Continental Army and lead them in a war against the British Army. The following year, in July 1776, the Second Continental Congress, representing
2912-608: The County Clerk and County Surrogate (both elected for five-year terms of office) and the County Sheriff (elected for a three-year term). Constitutional officers of Warren County are: The county's prosecutor is James L. Pfeiffer of Pohatcong, who was nominated by Governor of New Jersey Phil Murphy and sworn into office in November 2019 after being confirmed by the New Jersey Senate . Warren County
3016-589: The French and Indian War . However, Gage was blamed for underestimating the strength of republican sympathy and was relieved in 1776. Howe had the advantage of large numbers of reinforcements, and was the brother of Admiral Richard Howe , the Royal Navy's commander in chief in America. The two brothers gained much success in 1776, but failed to destroy Washington's Army. They also tried to initiate peace talks but these came to nothing. In 1777, General John Burgoyne
3120-788: The Hudson River Valley and claimed all lands west of the Hudson River in the early 17th century. In the Quintipartite Deed of 1674 to 1702, the Province of New Jersey was divided by two lines, the Keith Line and the Coxe-Barclay line , which created the border of eastern Sussex county from the headwaters of the Pequannock River . The western border was the Delaware River . Later, after
3224-953: The New Jersey Department of Transportation and 5.19 miles (8.35 km) by the Delaware River Joint Toll Bridge Commission . British Army during the American Revolutionary War The British Army during the American Revolutionary War served for eight years in the American Revolutionary War , which was fought throughout North America , the Caribbean , and elsewhere from April 19, 1775, to September 3, 1783. The war formally commenced at
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3328-784: The New York – New Jersey Highlands , also known as the Reading Prong. Around 450 million years ago, a chain of volcanic islands collided with proto North America . The chain of islands went over the North American Plate , creating the Highlands from the island rock and establishing the Great Appalachian Valley . The final collision was when the African Plate collided with the North American plate. That
3432-638: The North Jersey region of the state. The county borders the Delaware River and Easton, Pennsylvania in the Lehigh Valley to its west, the New York City metropolitan area to its east, the Poconos to its northwest, and Hunterdon County to its south. Warren County constitutes part of the Allentown - Bethlehem -Easton, PA-NJ metropolitan statistical area in the Lehigh Valley and
3536-670: The Seven Years' War , during which the armies' establishment strength had been increased to an unprecedented size. With the ascension of peace in 1763 the army was dramatically reduced to a peacetime home establishment of just over 11,000 men, with a further 9,750 for the Irish establishment and 10,000 for the colonies. This meant 20 regiments of infantry totaling just over 11,000 men were stationed in Great Britain, 21 regiments were stationed in Ireland, 18 regiments were stationed in
3640-658: The Thirteen Colonies , declared themselves free and independent from colonial governance. The war was indecisive for several years. But on October 19, 1781, the British Army's defeat at the Siege of Yorktown led the British to conclude that the war was unwinnable, forcing them to forfeit the Thirteen Colonies in eastern North America in the Treaty of Paris , which they signed in 1783, though sporadic fighting continued for several additional years. When
3744-467: The "press gang", was a favored recruiting method, though it was unpopular with the public, leading many to enlist in local militias to avoid regular service. Attempts were made to draft such levies, much to the chagrin of the militia commanders. Competition between naval and army press gangs, and even between rival ships or regiments, frequently resulted in brawls between the gangs in order to secure recruits for their unit. Men would maim themselves to avoid
3848-468: The American Revolutionary War commenced, the British Army was a volunteer force that had suffered from a lack of peacetime spending and ineffective recruitment in the decade since the Seven Years' War . In 1776, to offset this deficiency, the British Crown hastily hired German Hessian contingents, who supplemented their fighting capabilities and served with regular British units for the rest of
3952-536: The American seaboard, beginning with the July 1782 withdrawal from Savannah to Charleston , and the subsequent evacuations of Charleston, South Carolina in December 1782 and New York City in November 1783. At the 1783 Anglo-Spanish Treaty of Versailles , Britain turned Florida back to Spain, and the Royal Navy administered another mass migration of Loyalists to Bahamas, Jamaica, and Great Britain. The following
4056-617: The Americas, and 7 regiments were stationed in Gibraltar. Alongside this, the army could call on 16 regiments of the cavalrymen and 2,712 men in the artillery. This gave a theoretical strength of just over 46,000 men exclusive of the artillery. The British government deemed this troop strength to be inadequate to prosecute an insurrection in the Americas, as well as deal with defence of the rest of its territories. Treaties with German states (mainly Hesse-Kassel and Brunswick) were negotiated for
4160-582: The British war effort ultimately fell to the Secretary of State for the Colonies , George German . Despite holding no formal position in the army, he appointed or relieved generals, took care of provisions and supplies, and directed much of the strategic planning. While some historians argue that Sackville performed effectively and even brilliantly, others argue that he made several miscalculations and struggled to hold genuine authority over his subordinates in
4264-738: The European continent into the colonies in the New World . After the Battle of Jumonville Glen in Fayette County, Pennsylvania on May 28, 1754, French colonists in North America armed several Native American tribes, who sided with the French. During the French and Indian War , a part of the Seven Years' War in North America , Sussex County often was raided by bands of Native Americans, including Lenape , Shawnee , and Iroquois . In 1756,
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4368-566: The Europeans brought with them. Many Native American populations were weakened from starvation due to the Little Ice Age, which was coldest during the 17th century. Their important corn, bean and squash crops failed due to spring frosts and early frosts in autumn. As the Native American population declined, more land was available for European settlement. All these factors made the Native American populations decline dramatically. Europeans purchased land known as land patents so Native Americans moved west to Ohio or Canada . The Dutch settled
4472-423: The French attempted to extend they were threatened with bayonet charge... and when the French advanced they fell back to prepare for further skirmishing and ambushes from all directions." Fortescue similarly describes the action: "Advancing in skirmish order and keeping themselves always under cover, the light companies maintained at close range the most destructive fire on the Heavy French columns... At last one of
4576-417: The Guards commanded the highest prices. Wealthy individuals lacking any formal military education or practical experience often found their way into positions of high responsibility, diluting the effectiveness of a regiment. However, according to Reid, the Georgian army through necessity drew its officers from a far wider base than its later Victorian counterpart and was much more open to promotion from
4680-510: The New Jersey Frontier Guard to man them. Several of these forts were little more than blockhouses, and others were personal homes that were fortified. The forts sprawled from present-day Phillipsburg through Belvidere . Blairstown , and along the eastern banks of the Delaware River to Port Jervis, New York . By the early 1800s, settlements in Phillipsburg , Hackettstown , Belvidere , and Washington in Warren County emerged as cornerstone communities of Sussex County . In 1824, Warren County
4784-427: The Northern colonies during which they were accused of participating in Indian led-massacres at Wyoming and Cherry Valley . The majority of Native Americans favoured the British cause and Mohawk leader Joseph Brant commanded Iroquois and Loyalists in campaigns on the New York Frontier. Colonel Thomas Brown led another group of King's Rangers in the Southern colonies, defending East Florida from invasion, raiding
4888-483: The Warren County Public Safety Department and the county's municipal fire and police departments. Warren County falls entirely within the 7th congressional district. For the 118th United States Congress , New Jersey's 7th congressional district is represented by Thomas Kean Jr. ( R , Westfield ). The 22 municipalities of Warren County are represented by two separate legislative districts. Erik Peterson (R) Mike Inganamort (R) Warren County has long been
4992-441: The abandonment of linear formation was later blamed by some British officers for defeats in the later stages of the war, like the Battle of Cowpens , in which British troops engaged denser bodies of men deployed in successive lines. The hired German regiments, the Hessians , joined Howe's army in 1776 also adopted the two rank formation used by the British army, but retained the traditional close order system of fighting throughout
5096-427: The age of 18 living with them, 58.20% were married couples living together, 9.20% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.90% were non-families. 24.00% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.00% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.12. In the county, the population was spread out with 26.10% under
5200-468: The age of 18, 6.30% from 18 to 24, 31.30% from 25 to 44, 23.50% from 45 to 64, and 12.90% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 94.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.10 males. The median income for a household in the county was $ 56,100, and the median income for a family was $ 66,223. Males had a median income of $ 47,331 versus $ 31,790 for females. The per capita income for
5304-410: The armed forces, and the lash was used to punish even trivial offences—and not used sparingly. For instance, two redcoats received 1,000 lashes each for robbery during the Saratoga campaign, while another received 800 lashes for striking a superior officer. Flogging was an even more common punishment in the Royal Navy and it came to be associated with the stereotypical hardiness of sailors. Despite
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#17327874431595408-403: The army often running out of food and supplies in the field, and forced to live off the land. Soldiers spent a great deal of time cleaning and preparing their clothing and equipment. The harsh conditions of life in the army meant that discipline was severe. Crimes such as theft or desertion could result in hanging and punishments such as lashings were administered publicly. Discipline was harsh in
5512-429: The army. Although a large portion of the rank and file were lower class and the officers upper class, the army of the mid-1700s recruited officers from a variety of social backgrounds. Officers in British service could purchase commissions to ascend the ranks, and the practice was common in the Army. Values of commissions varied but were usually in line with social and military prestige; for example, regiments such as
5616-472: The bow and arrow. Agriculture contributed to the rise of population density in areas where crops could be grown. The Lenape would tend their oval gardens during the spring and summer months. They fished with nets or by hand in the shallow rivers. The Lenape trapped game with deadfalls and snares. Problems developed in the early 17th century when the Little Ice Age began in North America . The late frost in May and June and early frosts in August or September, made
5720-540: The brightest young officers of light companies sought commissions elsewhere because being a "light-bob" officer lacked social prestige. In 1772, General George Townshend, 1st Marquess Townshend wrote Instructions, and Training and Equipping of the new Light Companies which was issued to regiments on the Irish establishment and offered a practical guide for training light companies and guidance for tactics such as skirmishing in broken terrain when acting independently, in sections or in large groups. Townshend also introduced
5824-411: The coat of arms of their colonel and wore mitre caps. Most German regiments wore dark blue coats, while cavalry and loyalists often wore green. Grenadiers often wore bearskin headdress and usually carried hangers, a type of curved sword, as a side arm. Light infantry were issued with short coats, without lace, with an ammunition box containing nine cartridges lined up in a row for easy access worn across
5928-427: The conditions and terrain in North America during the French and Indian War prompted changes to its tactics and dress. In battle the redcoats usually formed in two ranks rather than three, to increase mobility and firepower. The Army further adapted this formation during the American Revolution by forming and fighting in looser ranks, a tactic that was known as "loose files and American scramble". Soldiers stood at
6032-419: The county seat of Belvidere have ranged from a low of 19 °F (−7 °C) in January to a high of 85 °F (29 °C) in July, although a record low of −17 °F (−27 °C) was recorded in January 1994 and a record high of 101 °F (38 °C) was recorded in July 1999. Average monthly precipitation ranged from 2.77 inches (70 mm) in February to 4.65 inches (118 mm) in July. The county
6136-530: The county was $ 25,728. About 3.6% of families and 5.4% of the population were below the poverty line , including 5.9% of those under age 18 and 6.7% of those age 65 or over. The Bureau of Economic Analysis calculated that the county's gross domestic product was $ 3.7 billion in 2021, which was ranked smallest of the state's 21 counties and was a 3.6% increase from the prior year. The 22 municipalities in Warren County, with Census-designated places (CDPs) and other communities listed, are: Warren County
6240-517: The county was 94.54% White , 1.87% Black or African American , 0.11% Native American , 1.21% Asian , 0.02% Pacific Islander , 1.01% from other races , and 1.24% from two or more races. 3.66% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Among those residents listing their ancestry, 24.1% were of German , 19.7% Irish , 18.7% Italian , 9.8% English , 8.9% Polish and 4.4% American ancestry according to Census 2000. There were 38,660 households out of which 34.70% had children under
6344-470: The end of effective British attempts to retake America. The final effective British commander in chief in America was Sir Guy Carleton , who had defended Quebec in 1775, but had been passed over in favour of Burgoyne in 1777 as a result of his perceived over-caution. As commander in chief, his main concern was to secure the safety of the many Loyalists and former slaves in the British enclave in New York. Carleton successfully administered British removal from
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#17327874431596448-450: The enemy's battalions fairly gave way and the light companies followed them to complete the rout with the bayonet". Large numbers of scouts and skirmishers were also formed from loyalists and Native Americans. The renowned Robert Rogers formed the Queen's Rangers , while his brother James Rogers led the King's Rangers . Loyalist pioneer John Butler raised the provincial regiment known as Butler's Rangers , who were heavily engaged in
6552-587: The growing of crops difficult. Cold weather also made big and small game more difficult to hurt, as some game animals would hibernate. Also nut crops from oak, hickory, beech, walnut, butternut, and chestnut, failed at times; making the supply of these nuts scarce. Rivers froze early, and water became cold fast; so fishing became impossible. The Native populations had declined after epidemics of infectious diseases, for which they had no acquired immunity . Native American populations were separated from Europe for thousands of years and had no immunity to these diseases that
6656-431: The harsh discipline, a distinct lack of self-discipline pervaded all ranks of the British forces. Soldiers had an intense passion for gambling, reaching such excesses that troops would often wager their own uniforms. Many drank heavily, and this was not exclusive to the lower ranks. The army often suffered from poor discipline away from the battlefield, gambling and heavy drinking were common among all ranks. However, among
6760-457: The head Commissioner had an annual salary of $ 25,000. As of 2024 , Warren County's Commissioners are (with terms for director and deputy director ending every December 31): No Democrat has been elected to countywide office since 1997. Pursuant to Article VII Section II of the New Jersey State Constitution , each county in New Jersey is required to have three elected administrative officials known as "constitutional officers." These officers are
6864-479: The houses where they had been quartered. In 1776, there were 119 generals of various grades in the British Army. However, since generals never retired, perhaps a third of this number were too old or infirm to command in the field. Others were opposed to war against the colonists or unwilling to serve for years in North America . Britain had a difficult time appointing a determined senior military leadership in America. Thomas Gage, Commander-in-Chief of North America at
6968-423: The lands were taken over by the British , colonial-era New Jersey was divided into two parts, East Jersey and West Jersey . In the 17th century, the area of present-day Warren County was part of Burlington County , which emerged as one of the Thirteen Colonies in British America prior to the mid-18th century American Revolution . The area became Hunterdon County in 1714. In 1739, the area of Warren County
7072-447: The listed troops are solely effectives): Infantry formed the backbone of crown forces throughout the war. Two of the most heavily engaged infantry regiments, the 23rd and the 33rd , earned enduring reputations for their competence and professionalism in the field. In the middle of the eighteenth century, the Army's uniforms were highly elaborate, and maneuvers were ponderous and slow, with "innumerable words of command." Experience of
7176-419: The many walls, swamps, and stone cliffs. The English cannot lose their colours, for they do not carry them with them." During the Saratoga campaign Baroness Riedesel , the wife of a German officer, saved the colours of the Brunswick regiments by burning the staffs and hiding the flags in her mattress. The distance between the colonies and the British Isles meant logistics were stretched to breaking point, with
7280-455: The measure proved unpopular and both acts were repealed in May 1780, permanently discontinuing impressment in the army. The recruiting acts of 1778 and 1779 also provided greater incentives for voluntarily joining the regular army, including a bounty of £3 and the entitlement to discharge after three years unless the nation remained at war. Thousands of volunteer militia battalions were raised for home defence in Ireland and England , and some of
7384-404: The most competent of these were embodied to the regular army. The British government took a further step by releasing criminals and debtors from prison on the condition they joined the army. Three entire regiments were raised from this early release program. In November 1778 the establishment was set at 121,000 men, of whom 24,000 were foreigners, along with 40,000 embodied militia. This was raised
7488-449: The most proficient soldiers in their parent units. At the Battle of Vigie Point in 1778 a force of British infantry who were veterans of colonial fighting inflicted heavy casualties on a far larger force of regular French troops who advanced in columns. Clayton describes how "...the use of light infantry, well led by their officers and NCOs, was of key importance in advance as skirmishers fired on French columns from behind cover; when
7592-670: The next year to 104,000 men on the British establishment, 23,000 on the Irish establishment, 25,000 Hessians , and 42,000 embodied militia, for a total force of about 194,000 men. The Commander-in-Chief, India formally held command over crown forces in the East Indies and the Commander-in-Chief, North America commanded crown forces in the Americas . However, the British Army had no formal command structure, so British commanders often worked on their own initiative during
7696-536: The north of Budd Lake. Blairstown Township, Hope Township, half of Independence Township, part of White Township, and all of Allamuchy Township was covered by the Glacier. When the glacier melted, a lake was formed at Great Meadows. Slowly the lake drained leaving a large flat area filled with organic material. The county is drained by three rivers. All three rivers are shallow and narrow. They are fresh water rivers that are excellent for fishing. The Paulins Kill drains
7800-474: The outbreak of the war, was criticized for being too lenient on the rebellious colonists. Jeffrey Amherst was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Forces in 1778, but he refused a direct command in America because he was unwilling to take sides in the war. Admiral Augustus Keppel similarly opposed a command: "I cannot draw the sword in such a cause". The Earl of Effingham resigned his commission when his regiment
7904-508: The press gangs, while many deserted at the first opportunity. Pressed men were militarily unreliable; regiments with large numbers of such men were deployed to remote garrisons such as Gibraltar or the West Indies, to make it harder to desert. After the losses at the Battles of Saratoga and the outbreak of hostilities with France and Spain, the existing voluntary enlistment measures were judged to be insufficient. Between 1775 and 1781,
8008-714: The ranks. Officers were required to be literate, but there was no formal requirement on the level of education or their social standing, and most regimental officers did not come from the landed gentry, but from middle class private individuals in search of a career. The system of sale of commissions which officially governed the selection and promotion of officers was, in practice, considerably relaxed during wartime, with far more stringent requirements placed on promotion. Many British officers were professional soldiers rather than wealthy dilettantes and showed themselves ready to discard their drill manuals and use innovative methods and tactics. Heavy drinking among senior British officers
8112-588: The region, representing the beginning of the Woodland period . With this advancement in technology, Native Americans could store food and cook it better. Various cultures of indigenous peoples occupied the area at that time. Ancestors of the Algonquian -speaking Lenape moved into the area, perhaps as early as 1000 A.D. from the Mississippi River area. Technological innovations occurred around
8216-476: The regular army increased from 48,000 to 121,000. In 1778 the army adopted some non traditional recruiting measures to further augment its strength, a system of private subscription was established, whereby some 12 new regiments totaling 15,000 men were raised by individual towns and nobles. The same year, the government passed the first of two recruiting acts which allowed a limited form of impressment in parts of England and Scotland under strict conditions, however
8320-480: The southern frontier and participating in the conquest of the southern colonies. Colonial Governor John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore raised a regiment composed entirely of freed slaves known as the Ethiopian Regiment , which served through the early skirmishes of the war. The loyalist units were vital to the British primarily for their knowledge of local terrain. One of the most successful of these units
8424-610: The southern part of the county. The Lehigh Valley starts at the terminal moraine of the Wisconsin Glacier slightly north of Belvidere . It extends from the Delaware River south to where the Musconetcong River enters the Delaware River, northeast to the Jenny Jump Mountains and then along Route 80 to the Allamuchy Mountains to the terminal moraine near Hackettstown . The Kittatinny Valley
8528-601: The stomach rather than at the side. They did not use bayonets but carried naval boarding axes. The most common infantry weapon was the Brown Bess used with a fixed bayonet. However, some of the light companies were issued with the short barrel muskets or the Pattern 1776 Rifle . The British army also conducted limited experimental use of the breech-loading Ferguson Rifle , which proved too difficult to mass-produce to be used more extensively. Major Patrick Ferguson formed
8632-474: The vote, while the eventual statewide winner Democrat Phil Murphy received 25.4% of the vote. In the 2021 gubernatorial election , Republican Jack Ciattarelli defeated Governor Phil Murphy in the county by 29.6%. As of 2010 , the county had a total of 1,055.07 miles (1,697.97 km) of roadways, of which 690.53 miles (1,111.30 km) were maintained by the local municipality, 256.15 miles (412.23 km) by Warren County and 103.20 miles (166.08 km) by
8736-477: The war to a successful conclusion with fewer troops and resources than had been available to Howe. He repeatedly tried to resign, and quarrelled with the Navy's commanders and his own subordinates. While Clinton held New York, Lord Cornwallis conducted a largely separate campaign in the southern states. Cornwallis was one of the most aristocratic of the British generals who served in America, but had been dedicated to
8840-510: The war, however, the Hessians continued to carry their colours on campaign. Major-General Baron Friedrich Wilhelm von Lossberg wrote, "They [the British] have their colours with them only when quartered, while we carry them with us wherever the regiments go... the country is bad for fighting. Nothing worries me more than the colours, for the regiments cannot stay together in an attack because of
8944-555: The war. In 1758, Thomas Gage (then a lieutenant colonel) had formed an experimental light infantry regiment known as 80th Regiment of Light-Armed Foot , considered to be the first such unit to serve in the British Army. Other officers, notably George Howe , the elder brother of William Howe, had adapted their regiments to serve as light infantry on their own initiative. On becoming commander-in-chief in North America in 1758, General Jeffery Amherst ordered every regiment to form light infantry companies from their ranks. The 80th regiment
9048-516: The war. In 1778, limited army impressment was introduced in England and Scotland to bolster the army's size, but the practice proved unpopular and was suspended until being reintroduced two years later, in 1780. The attrition of constant fighting, the decision by the Kingdom of France to ultimately lend considerable military support to the cause of American independence, and the withdrawal of
9152-466: The war. The position of Commander-in-Chief of the Forces remained vacant until 1778 when it was given to Jeffery Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst who held it until the end of the war. However, his role in advising the government on strategy was limited and Amherst found himself primarily occupied with the organisation of home forces to oppose the threatened invasion in 1779, and suppress the outbreak of severe anti-Catholic rioting in 1780. The direction of
9256-417: The western portion of the county. The river flows from Newton to Blairstown Township, and then through Knowlton Township where it drains into the Delaware River . The Pequest River drains the middle of the county flowing from Andover Township through Allamuchy, then to Independence Township where it turns west and flows through White Township and then empties into the Delaware River at Belvidere. The third river
9360-581: The year 500 A.D. with the invention of the bow and arrow as projectile points became smaller to fit onto an arrow shaft. This permitted Native Americans to procure more food since they could be further away from game to kill it. Food such as nuts could be stored in clay pots or the pots were used for cooking Agriculture started around that time with the cultivation of corn, beans, and squash. Seeds were probably procured from traveling groups or tribes. Settlements of family groups became more stable, as they could store food in pottery, as well as procure more game with
9464-442: Was 41.5 years. For every 100 females, the population had 94.6 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 91.5 males. As of the 2000 United States census there were 102,437 people, 38,660 households, and 27,487 families residing in the county. The population density was 286 inhabitants per square mile (110/km ). There were 41,157 housing units at an average density of 115 per square mile (44/km ). The racial makeup of
9568-434: Was 90.29% (98,137) White , 3.51% (3,818) Black or African American , 0.14% (155) Native American , 2.46% (2,673) Asian , 0.03% (30) Pacific Islander , 1.81% (1,964) from other races , and 1.76% (1,915) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 7.05% (7,659) of the population. Of the 41,480 households, 31.2% had children under the age of 18; 55.1% were married couples living together; 10.2% had
9672-496: Was allowed to mount an ambitious campaign southward from present-day Canada . After early success, he pushed ahead despite major supply difficulties, and was surrounded and forced to capitulate at Saratoga, an event which precipitated intervention by Britain's European rivals. Unlike his Philadelphia campaign the same year, in which the British Army captured and occupied the revolutionary capital of Philadelphia, Howe failed to achieve decisive results in present-day New York state. He
9776-413: Was disbanded in 1764 and the other ad-hoc light infantry units were converted back to "line" units, but infantry regiments retained their light companies until the mid-nineteenth century. In 1771 and 1772, the British army began implementing a new training scheme for light infantry companies. Much of the early training was found to be inadequate, with officers unsure how to use light companies. Many of
9880-511: Was established and Belvidere was named as its county seat. According to the U.S. Census Bureau , as of the 2020 census, the county had a total area of 362.65 square miles (939.3 km ), of which 356.54 square miles (923.4 km ) was land (98.3%) and 6.11 square miles (15.8 km ) was water (1.7%). Warren County has rolling hills with the Kittatinny Ridge in the west. Allamuchy Mountain and Jenny Jump Mountain are part of
9984-519: Was formed by an escaped slave, and veteran of the Ethiopian Regiment known as Colonel Tye , who led the so-called Black Brigade in numerous raids in New York and New Jersey, interrupting supply lines, capturing rebel officers, and killing suspected leaders. He died from wounds in 1780. The standard uniform of the British army consisted of the traditional red coat with cocked hats, white breeches and black gaiters with leather knee caps. Hair
10088-486: Was included in Morris County . In 1753, Sussex County , including present-day Warren County, separated from Morris County. During the French and Indian War of 1754, fortified homes or small forts were built along the Delaware River from Phillipsburg to Port Jervis, New York . The mountains of Warren County were the frontier of the war. Hostilities between the British and the French began to spill over from
10192-622: Was incorporated by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on November 20, 1824, from portions of Sussex County . At its establishment, the county consisted of the townships of Greenwich , Independence , Knowlton , Mansfield , Oxford , and the now defunct Pahaquarry . Warren County is named for Joseph Warren , a patriot during the American Revolution and Founding Father of the United States who
10296-481: Was killed in action by British troops at the Battle of Bunker Hill , in Charlestown, Massachusetts on June 17, 1775. The county was named for Joseph Warren , a physician, Founding Father of the United States , and major general in the American Revolutionary War who died after volunteering to fight as a private at the Battle of Bunker Hill . About 1000 B.C., clay pottery was beginning to be used in
10400-611: Was paid a wage of just 8 d. per day, the same pay as for a New Model Army infantryman 130 years earlier. The rate of pay in the army was insufficient to meet the rising costs of living which did not help entice potential recruits, as service was nominally for life. To increase voluntary enrollment, Parliament offered a bounty of £ 1.10 s for every recruit. As the war dragged on, Parliament became desperate for manpower; criminals were offered military service to escape legal penalties, and deserters were pardoned if they re-joined their units. Impressment , essentially conscription by
10504-480: Was posted to America, while William Howe and John Burgoyne were opposed to military solutions to the crisis. Howe and Henry Clinton both stated that they were unwilling participants and were only following orders. Sir William Howe , who was chosen to succeed Sir Thomas Gage as Commander in Chief in North America, was only 111th in seniority. Gage and Howe had both served as light infantry commanders in America during
10608-459: Was recalled and replaced by Sir Henry Clinton . Clinton was regarded as one of the most studious and well-read experts on tactics and strategy. However, even before becoming commander in chief, he had been reluctant to succeed Howe. He took command when the widening of the war compelled him to relinquish troops to other theatres, and became embittered at the Government's demands that he bring
10712-564: Was the final episode of the building of the Appalachian Mountains . Then the African plate tore away from North America. The Wisconsin Glacier covered the northern part of the county from 21,000 to 13,000 BC. The glacier covered the top of Kittatinny Mountain and carved the terrain in the northern part of the county. The terminal moraine runs from north of Belvidere to the south of Great Meadows to north of Hackettstown, to
10816-526: Was usually cut short or fixed in plaits at the top of the head. As the war progressed, many line regiments replaced their cocked hats with slouch hats . The full "marching order" a line infantryman was expected to carry on campaign was extensive, and British soldiers often dropped much of their equipment before battle. Soldiers were also issued with greatcoats to be worn in adverse conditions, which were often used as tents or blankets. Drummers usually wore colours in reverse of their regimental colour, they carried
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