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58-702: The catalyst for the formation of the organization was the passing of two controversial trade agreements, the Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement of 1989 and the North American Free Trade Agreement of 1994. The organization currently focuses its work on six projects: This article about an organization in Canada is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement The Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement ( CUSFTA ), official name as

116-409: A "radical" in the best sense of that term.... The Star was unique among North American newspapers in its consistent, ongoing advocacy of the interests of ordinary people. The friendship of Atkinson, the publisher, with Mackenzie King , the prime minister , was a major influence on the development of Canadian social policy. Shortly before his death in 1948, Joseph E. Atkinson transferred ownership of

174-550: A 51 percent interest in it as a silent partner . That arrangement only lasted for two months, during which time it was rumoured that William Findlay "Billy" Maclean , The World ' s proprietor, was considering selling the Star to the Riordon family. After an extensive fundraising campaign among the Star staff, Maclean agreed to sell his interest to Hocken. The paper did poorly in its first few years. Hocken sold out within

232-586: A diverse readership. The advent of the National Post in 1998 shook up the Toronto newspaper market. In the upheaval that followed, editorial spending increased and there was much turnover of editors and publishers. In the 50 years to 1972, the Star endorsed the Liberal Party in each federal general election . In the fifteen federal elections between 1968 and 2019, the Star has endorsed

290-631: A free-trade initiative in the 1984 Canadian election campaign. The stage was set for the beginning of free-trade negotiations. US President Ronald Reagan welcomed the Canadian initiative and the United States Congress gave the President the authority to sign a free trade agreement with Canada, subject to it being presented for Congressional review by October 5, 1987. In May 1986, Canadian and American negotiators began to work out

348-707: A high Canadian dollar, provided a mini-boom for these towns. The loss of many Canadian jobs, particularly in the Ontario manufacturing sector during the recession of the early 1990s, was attributed (fairly or not) to the Free Trade Agreement. In the mid-to-late 1990s, however, the Canadian dollar fell to record lows in value to against the US dollar. Cheaper Canadian primary products such as lumber and oil could be bought tariff-free by Americans, and Hollywood studios sent their crews to film many movies in Canada due to

406-633: A line" from the Free Trade Agreement, which at the end of the advertisement was revealed to be the Canada–US border . Although some opinion polls showed slightly more Canadians against the Agreement than in favour of it, Mulroney's Progressive Conservatives benefited from being the only party in favour of the agreement, while the Liberals and NDP split the anti-free trade vote. In addition, future Quebec Premiers Jacques Parizeau and Bernard Landry backed

464-517: A more prominent focus on local news, and less focus on international news, columnists, and opinion pieces. However, on January 1, 2009, the Star reverted to its previous format. Star P.M. , a free newspaper in PDF format that could be downloaded from the newspaper's website each weekday afternoon, was discontinued in October 2007, thirteen months after its launch. On January 15, 2016, Torstar confirmed

522-493: A self-respecting basis of equality, of citizenship, and not on the old basis of one country belonging to the other." The paper was historically wary of American influence, and during the debates over the North American Free Trade Agreement , the paper was frequently critical of free trade and expressed concerns about Canadian sovereignty. The paper has been traditionally supportive of official bilingualism and maintaining Canadian unity in opposition to Quebec separatism . In

580-511: A source of Canada's next generation of journalists, the paid positions were seen by journalists and program alumni as a vital part of the national industry, and their suspension, a sign of its continuing decline. In 2020, the internship program returned. In April 2018, the Toronto Star expanded its local coverage of Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton and Halifax with rebranded daily newspapers, previously known as Metro , as StarMetro , which

638-405: A ten-year period, and resulted in a substantial increase in cross-border trade as an improvement to the last replaced trade deal. With the addition of Mexico in 1994, CUSFTA was superseded by the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) (French: Accord de libre-échange nord-américain (ALENA) , Spanish: Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (TLCAN) ). As stated in the agreement,

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696-587: A trade deal. The Canadian team was led by former deputy Minister of Finance Simon Reisman and the American side by Peter O. Murphy, the former deputy United States trade representative in Geneva . The agreement between the two countries ultimately created substantially liberalized trade between them, removing most remaining tariffs , although tariffs were only a minor part of the FTA. Average tariffs on goods crossing

754-671: The Royal Commission on the Economic Union and Development Prospects for Canada ), chaired by former Liberal politician Donald Stovel Macdonald . Macdonald declared that "Canadians should be prepared to take a leap of faith" and pursue more open trade with the United States. Although Macdonald was a former Liberal Minister of Finance, the commission's findings were embraced by Prime Minister Brian Mulroney 's Progressive Conservative Party, even though they had opposed

812-545: The Free Trade Agreement between Canada and the United States of America (French: Accord de libre-échange entre le Canada et les États-Unis d'Amérique ), was a bilateral trade agreement reached by negotiators for Canada and the United States on October 4, 1987, and signed by the leaders of both countries on January 2, 1988. The agreement phased out a wide range of trade restrictions in stages, over

870-482: The Star announced its intention to implement a paywall on its website, thestar.com, effective August 13, 2013. Readers with daily home delivery had free access to all digital content. Those without a digital subscription could access 10 articles a month. The Star removed its paywall on April 1, 2015, and revived it in 2018. On September 15, 2015, the Toronto Star released the Star Touch tablet app, which

928-412: The Star endorsed George Smitherman in 2010 and John Tory in 2014 and 2018. The Star is one of the few Canadian newspapers that employs a " public editor " ( ombudsman ) and was the first to do so. Its newsroom policy and journalistic standards guide is also published online. The Star states that it favours an inclusive, " big tent " approach, not wishing to attract one group of readers at

986-506: The Star in 1957, he said, "From its inception in 1892, the Star has been a champion of social and economic reform, a defender of minority rights, a foe of discrimination, a friend of organized labour and a staunch advocate of Canadian nationhood." Another of the "Atkinson principles" has been a "strong, united and independent Canada"; in a 1927 editorial, the paper wrote, "We believe in the British connection as much as anybody does but on

1044-584: The Star was also a radio broadcaster on its station CFCA , broadcasting on a wavelength of 400 metres (749.48 kHz); its coverage was complementary to the paper's reporting. The station was closed following the establishment of the Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission (CRBC) and the introduction of a government policy that, in essence, restricted private stations to an effective radiated power of 100 watts . The Star would continue to supply sponsored content to

1102-528: The Star which means we all have the Atkinson Principles—and its multi-culti values—tattooed on our butts. Fine with me. At least we are upfront about our values, and they almost always work in favour of building a better Canada. Under Atkinson, the Star launched several other media initiatives, including a weekend supplemental magazine, the Star Weekly , from 1910 to 1973. From 1922 to 1933,

1160-485: The Toronto Star Building located on Yonge Street to a new location on Spadina Avenue at Front Street. Like its competitor The Globe and Mail , the Star covers "a spectrum of opinion that is best described as urban and Central Canadian " in character. The Star is generally centrist and centre-left , and is more socially liberal than The Globe and Mail . The paper has aligned itself over

1218-530: The 1980s, Michael Farber wrote in the Montreal Gazette that the Star ' s coverage was Toronto-centric to the point that any story was said to carry an explanation as to "What it means to Metro ." Conversely, Canadian sociologist Elke Winter wrote in 2011 that the Toronto Star was less "Toronto-centric" than its rival, The Globe and Mail , writing that the Star "consciously reports for and from Canada's most multicultural city" and catered to

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1276-574: The Act on September 28, 1988. It became Public Law No: 100–449. The exact ramifications of the agreement are hard to measure. Trade between Canada and the U.S., which had already been on the rise, increased at an accelerated rate after the agreement was signed. While throughout the 20th century, exports fairly consistently made up about 25% of Canada's gross domestic product (GDP), since 1990 exports have been about 40% of GDP. After 2000, they reached nearly 50%. A 2016 paper estimates "that CUSFTA increased

1334-456: The CRBC's CRCT station—which later became CBC station CBL —an arrangement that lasted until 1946. In 1971, the newspaper was renamed The Toronto Star and moved to a modern International-style office tower at One Yonge Street by Queens Quay . The original Star building at 80 King Street West was demolished to make room for First Canadian Place . The Star expanded during the 1970s with

1392-600: The Conservatives under Stephen Harper , which it saw as the worst outcome for the country, the paper also recommended Canadians vote strategically by voting for "the progressive candidate best placed to win" in certain ridings. For the 2015 election , the Star endorsed the Liberal Party under Justin Trudeau , and did so again in the 2019 federal election . In Toronto's non-partisan mayoral elections,

1450-775: The Liberal Party eleven times, the New Democratic Party twice, and the Progressive Conservative Party twice. Elections in which the Star did not endorse the Liberals took place in 1972 and 1974 (when it endorsed the Progressive Conservatives), and 1979 and 2011 (when it endorsed the NDP). In the 2011 election, the Star endorsed the NDP under Jack Layton , but to avoid vote splitting that could inadvertently help

1508-461: The Liberals lost the election. The issue of free trade did not rise to this level of national prominence in Canada again for many decades. From 1935 to 1980, the two nations entered a number of bilateral trade agreements that greatly reduced tariffs in both nations. The most significant of these agreements was the 1960s Automotive Products Trade Agreement (also known as the Auto Pact). After

1566-705: The University of Toronto and David Crane of the Toronto Star , one of Canada's leading newspapers. A number of government studies drew increasing attention to the possibility of a bilateral free-trade negotiation: Looking Outward (1975), by the Economic Council of Canada; several reports of the Senate Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs (1975, 1978, and 1982); and the 1985 report of the Macdonald Commission (formally,

1624-507: The agreement remains decades later, it is no longer at the forefront of Canadian politics. It was superseded by the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994, which itself was replaced by the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement in 2020. The Liberals under Jean Chrétien were elected to office in the 1993 election , partly on a promise to renegotiate key labor and environmental parts of NAFTA. An agreement

1682-521: The agreement which was seen as a factor for the PC party support in Quebec. Mulroney won a governing majority and the agreement was passed into law, even though a majority of the voters had voted for parties opposing free trade. The Free Trade Agreement faced much less opposition in the US. Polls showed that up to 40% of Americans were unaware that the agreement had been signed. The Agreement implementation act

1740-598: The agreement would erode Canadian sovereignty , arguing that Canada would effectively become the " 51st state " of the US if the agreement was implemented. They also raised concerns about how Canada's social programs and other trade agreements such as the Auto Pact would be affected. The legislation to implement the agreement was delayed in the Senate , which had a Liberal majority. Partly in response to these delays, Mulroney called an election in 1988 . The Trade Agreement

1798-594: The benefit of the people of the province of Ontario" and it stipulated that the paper could be sold only to people who shared his social views. The five trustees of the charitable organization circumvented the Act by buying the paper themselves and swearing before the Supreme Court of Ontario to continue what became known as the "Atkinson Principles": These principles continue to affect the Star ' s editorial stances. In February 2006, Star media columnist Antonia Zerbisias wrote on her blog: Besides, we are

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1856-430: The bidding war. A vast majority of shareholders subsequently voted in favour of the deal. The takeover was approved by an Ontario judge on July 27, 2020. An appeal of the judgement by another prospective purchaser failed on July 31 when Ontario Superior Court Justice Michael Penny dismissed the motion. The deal was expected to close during the following week. In November 2022, the newspaper moved its headquarters from

1914-412: The board of Torstar voted to sell the company to the investment firm for CA$ 52   million —making Torstar a privately held company . The deal was expected to be approved by Torstar's shareholders and to close by the end of 2020. Canadian Modern Media Holdings made an offer of $ 58   million on July 9, 2020; NordStar subsequently increased its offer to $ 60   million, effectively ending

1972-552: The border were well below 1% by the 1980s. Instead, Canada desired unhindered access to the American economy. Americans, in turn, wished to have access to Canada's energy and cultural industries. In the negotiations, Canada retained the right to protect its cultural industries and such sectors as education and health care. As well, some resources such as water were meant to be left out of the agreement. The Canadians did not succeed in winning free competition for American government procurement contracts. Canadian negotiators also insisted on

2030-471: The cheap Canadian dollar (see " runaway production " and " Hollywood North "). The removal of protective tariffs meant that market forces, such as currency values, have a greater effect on the economies of both countries than they would have with tariffs. The agreement has failed to liberalize trade in some areas, most notably the ongoing dispute over softwood lumber . Issues such as mineral, fresh water, and softwood lumber trade still remain disputed. While

2088-502: The closure of its Vaughan printing presses and indicated that it would outsource printing to Transcontinental Printing , leading to the layoff of all 285 staff at the plant, as Transcontinental had its own existing facility, also in Vaughan. The newspaper said the closure was effected so it could better focus on its digital outlets. In February 2018, the Toronto Star suspended its internship program indefinitely to cut its costs. Long

2146-399: The effects of a free trade agreement between the two countries. Several of them— Ronald Wonnacott and Paul Wonnacott , and Richard G. Harris and David Cox —concluded that Canadian real GDP would be significantly increased if both U.S. and Canadian tariffs and other trade barriers were removed and Canadian industry could consequently produce at larger, more efficient scale. Other economists on

2204-586: The expense of others. It publishes regular features on real estate (including condominiums), individual neighbourhoods (and street name etymologies), shopping, cooking, dining, alcoholic beverages (right down to having an exclusive on the anti-competitive practices of the Beer Store that led to major reforms on the sale of alcohol in Ontario grocery stores in 2015 by Premier Kathleen Wynne and Ed Clark ), automobiles (as Wheels), and travel destinations. The Star launched its website in 1996. In October 2012,

2262-476: The free-trade side included John Whalley of the University of Western Ontario and Richard Lipsey of the C. D. Howe Institute. Others were concerned that free trade would have negative effects, fearing capital flight and job insecurity because of international outsourcing, and also that closer economic ties with the "Giant to the South" might risk an erosion of Canadian sovereignty. Opponents included Mel Watkins of

2320-508: The government of Canada moved to a more protectionist policy, the National Policy . Fears grew among many politicians that closer economic ties with the United States would lead to political annexation . The Liberal Party of Canada had traditionally supported free trade. Free trade in natural products was a central issue in the 1911 Canadian federal election . The Conservative Party campaigned using anti-American rhetoric, and

2378-433: The inclusion of a dispute resolution mechanism. The debate in Canada over whether to implement the negotiated agreement was very contentious. The opposition Liberal Party vociferously opposed the agreement, with Liberal leader John Turner saying that he would "tear it up" if he became prime minister, and the New Democratic Party under leader Ed Broadbent also strongly opposed the agreement. Both parties contended that

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2436-671: The introduction of a Sunday edition in 1973 and a morning edition in 1981. In 1992, its printing plant was moved to the Toronto Star Press Centre at the Highway 407 & 400 interchange in Vaughan . In September 2002, the logo was changed, and "The" was dropped from the masthead. During the 2003 Northeast blackout , the Star printed the paper at a press in Welland , Ontario. The newspaper's former printing plant

2494-630: The main purposes of the Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement were: Starting in 1855, while Canada was under British control, free trade was implemented between the colonies of British North America and the United States under the Reciprocity Treaty . In 1866, a year before Canadian Confederation , the United States Congress voted to cancel the treaty. Canada's first Prime Minister, John A. Macdonald , attempted and failed to reinstate reciprocity, after which

2552-414: The paper on December 13, 1899. The supporters included Senator George Cox , William Mulock , Peter Charles Larkin and Timothy Eaton . Atkinson became the controlling shareholder of the Star . The Star was frequently criticized for practising the yellow journalism of its era. For decades, the paper included heavy doses of crime and sensationalism , along with advocating social change. Atkinson

2610-626: The paper to a charitable organization given the mandate of continuing the paper's liberal tradition. In 1949, the Province of Ontario passed the Charitable Gifts Act , barring charitable organizations from owning large parts of profit-making businesses, that effectively required the Star to be sold. Atkinson's will had directed that profits from the paper's operations were "for the promotion and maintenance of social, scientific and economic reforms which are charitable in nature, for

2668-616: The signing of the Auto Pact, the Canadian Government considered proposing free-trade agreements in other sectors of the economy. However, the United States government was less receptive to this idea, and in fact, wanted to phase out some guarantees in the Pact. Canadian attention turned to the question of a broader free-trade agreement between the two countries. During the next two decades, a number of academic economists studied

2726-403: The year, and several owners followed in succession until railway entrepreneur William Mackenzie bought it in 1896. Its new editors, Edmund E. Sheppard and Frederic Thomas Nicholls , moved the entire Star operation into the same building used by the magazine Saturday Night . Joseph E. "Holy Joe" Atkinson , backed by funds raised by supporters of Prime Minister Wilfrid Laurier , bought

2784-751: The yearly profits of Canadian manufacturing by 1.2%". Often, analyses of the free trade agreement find that its effects on the two countries depend on the difference in value between the Canadian dollar and the US dollar . In 1990–1991, the Canadian dollar rose sharply in value against the US dollar, making Canadian manufactured goods much more expensive for Americans to buy and making American manufactured goods much cheaper for Canadians, who no longer had to pay high duties on them. The phenomenon of "cross-border shopping", where Canadians would make shopping daytrips to US border towns to take advantage of tariff-free goods and

2842-468: The years with the progressive "Atkinson principles" named for publisher Joseph E. Atkinson , who was editor and publisher of the paper for 50 years. These principles included social justice and social welfare provision , as well as individual rights and civil liberties . In 1984, scholar Wilfred H. Kesterton described the Star as "perpetually indignant" because of its social consciousness. When Atkinson's son Joseph Story Atkinson became president of

2900-443: Was a free interactive news app with interactive advertisements. It was discontinued in 2017. At launch, it was only available for the iPad , which uses iOS . Based on a similar app for Montreal-based La Presse released in 2013, Star Touch is the first such app for any English-language news organization, quality-wise. In slightly over 50 days since launch, the app had reached the 100,000-download milestone. The Android version

2958-438: Was a joint venture between Torstar (90%) and Swedish media company Metro International (10%). In October 2018, the Toronto Star acquired iPolitics , a political news outlet. It ceased to own the property in 2022. On December 20, 2019, all StarMetro editions ceased publication amid the popularity and resultant growth of news apps on mobile devices. The newspaper was acquired by NordStar Capital on May 26, 2020, after

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3016-412: Was by far the most prominent issue of the campaign, prompting some to call it the "Free Trade Election." It was the first Canadian election to feature large third-party campaign advertising, with supporters and opponents using lobbyists to buy television advertisements. It was also the first Canadian election to use much negative advertising ; one anti-free-trade advertisement showed negotiators "removing

3074-618: Was established in 1892 as the Evening Star and was later renamed the Toronto Daily Star in 1900, under Joseph E. Atkinson . Atkinson was a major influence in shaping the editorial stance of the paper, with the paper reflecting his principles until his death in 1948. His son-in-law, Harry C. Hindmarsh , shared those principles as the paper's longtime managing editor while also helping to build circulation with sensational stories, bold headlines and dramatic photos. The paper

3132-565: Was given to the Congress for " fast-track " approve by President Reagan on July 26, 1988, meaning that it could be accepted or rejected but could not be amended. The United States–Canada Free-Trade Agreement Implementation Act of 1988 was passed by the House of Representatives by a vote of 366 - 40 on August 9, 1988 and by the Senate by a vote of 83–9 on September 19, 1988. President Reagan signed

3190-479: Was housed at One Yonge Street until the Toronto Star Press Centre opened. Until the mid-2000s, the front page of the Toronto Star had no third-party advertising aside from upcoming lottery jackpot estimates from the Ontario Lottery and Gaming Corporation (OLG). On May 28, 2007, the Star unveiled a redesigned paper that featured larger type, narrower pages, fewer and shorter articles, renamed sections,

3248-577: Was indeed struck with the Democrats under Bill Clinton that created separate side deals to address both of these concerns. Bold indicates parties with members elected to the House of Commons . Toronto Star The Toronto Star is a Canadian English-language broadsheet daily newspaper . It is owned by Toronto Star Newspapers Limited, a subsidiary of Torstar Corporation and part of Torstar's Daily News Brands division. The newspaper

3306-433: Was renamed the Toronto Star in 1971 and introduced a Sunday edition in 1977. The Star was created in 1892 by striking Toronto News printers and writers, led by future mayor of Toronto and social reformer Horatio Clarence Hocken , who became the newspaper's founder, along with another future mayor, Jimmy Simpson . The Star was first printed on Toronto World presses, and at its formation, The World owned

3364-589: Was the Star ' s editor from 1899 until his death in 1948. The newspaper's early opposition and criticism of the Nazi regime saw it become one of the first North American papers to be banned in Germany . Atkinson had a social conscience. He championed many causes that would come to be associated with the modern welfare state : old age pensions , unemployment insurance , and health care . The Government of Canada Digital Collections website describes Atkinson as:

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