The Porto Cathedral ( Portuguese : Sé do Porto ) is a Roman Catholic church located in the historical centre of the city of Porto , Portugal . It is one of the city's oldest monuments and one of the most important local Romanesque monuments.
81-512: The city has been the seat of a bishopric since the domination of the Suevi in the 5th - 6th centuries. The pre-Romanesque church is mentioned in the De Expugnatione Lyxbonensi as still extant in 1147, so construction of the present building began in the second half of the 12th century and work continued until the 16th century. There were major Baroque additions in the 18th century, and further changes were made in
162-421: A Magnetite backing now hangs up behind the altar in order to remind everyone of those who died whilst regaining control of the chapel. The magnetite backing was chosen in order to remind those travelling near the cathedral by interfering with the direction in which their compass points, The interior was also altered during the baroque era. In one of the chapels there is a magnificent silver altarpiece , built in
243-589: A Renaissance hand, lists the work as Historia Osberni de Expeditione etc. ("Osbern's History of the Expedition, etc."). This purely conjectural name has been oft repeated and has become traditional. Ulrich Cosack, in his doctoral dissertation, argued that "Osbern" was an Anglo-Norman on the grounds that he showed a marked preference for narrating their deeds. Pauli argued the same on the grounds that he used gallicisms , like garciones ("men"), but he also used anglicisms , like worma . He probably hailed from
324-660: A deeper meaning. The word "dismissal" has come to imply a mission. In Catholic teaching, the holy sacrifice of the Mass is the fulfillment of all the sacrifices of the Old Covenant. In the New Covenant, the one sacrifice on the altar of Calvary is revisited during every Catholic Mass. Jesus Christ merited all graces and blessings for us by His death on the Cross. These merits form an inexhaustible fountain of grace to nourish
405-600: A few sarcophagi . The terrace is decorated with tile panels by António Vidal . The coffered ceiling of the chapter house was painted with allegories of moral values by Pachini in 1737. Mass is celebrated at 11am each day. De expugnatione Lyxbonensi De expugnatione Lyxbonensi ('On the Conquest of Lisbon') is an eyewitness account of the Siege of Lisbon at the start of the Second Crusade , and covers
486-462: A good life while on the way". His pleading lacks confidence, suggesting ethical uncertainty, and his sermon, based on Augustine , Isidore and Ivo of Chartres , is dry, but his use of the crusade for an attack on Lisbon suggests that concept was still flexible and could be detached from the pilgrimage to Jerusalem at that point in time. In his effort to soothe the crusaders' consciences, he urged them to "act like good soldiers" and affirmed that "[s]in
567-579: A longer prayer. The linen corporal is spread over the center of the altar, and the Liturgy of the Eucharist begins with the ceremonial placing on it of bread and wine. These may be brought to the altar in a procession, especially if Mass is celebrated with a large congregation. The unleavened, wheat bread (in the tradition of the Latin Church ) is placed on a paten , and the wine (from grapes)
648-528: A new main portal substituted the old Romanesque original and the tower cupolas were altered. In 1736 Italian architect Nicolau Nasoni added an elegant Baroque loggia to the lateral façade of the cathedral. During the War of the Oranges whilst the battle at Amarante was taking place a group of Spanish soldiers briefly took control of the cathedral before being overcome by the locals of the town. A marble plaque with
729-609: A number of preparatory rites, of which the singing or recitation of the Our Father is the first. In the context of this preparation, the petitions for the daily bread and the forgiveness of trespasses gain particular significance. After an invitation by priest to do so, priest and people together recite the Lord's Prayer. The priest adds to it a development of the final petition, known as the embolism : "Deliver us, Lord, we pray, from every evil, graciously grant peace in our days, that, by
810-515: A respectful greeting (for instance, a handshake or a bow between strangers, or a kiss/hug between family members). The third preparatory rite is that of fraction and commingling . The priest breaks the host and places a piece in the main chalice; this is important as it symbolizes that the Body and Blood of Christ are both present within one another. Meanwhile, the " Lamb of God " (" Agnus Dei " in Latin)
891-731: A revision of the Roman Missal, which was put into effect by Pope Paul VI in 1969. The following description of the celebration of Mass, usually in the local vernacular language, is limited to the form of the Roman Rite promulgated after the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965) by Pope Paul VI in 1969 and revised by Pope John Paul II in 2002, largely replacing the usage of the Tridentine Mass form originally promulgated in 1570 in accordance with decrees of
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#1732765416448972-599: A scheduled volunteer from among the congregation; when two non-Gospel readings are given, they may be given by two different lectors or by one, according to local preference. The final reading and high point of the Liturgy of the Word is the proclamation of the Gospel . This is preceded by the singing of the Gospel Acclamation, typically an Alleluia with a verse of Scripture, which may be omitted if not sung. Alleluia
1053-656: A statue, date from the 17th century. The baptistery contains a bronze bas-relief by António Teixeira Lopes , depicting the baptism of Christ by John the Baptist . The South transept arm gives access to the Gothic cloister, which is decorated with baroque azulejos by Valentim de Almeida (between 1729 and 1731). They depict some scenes from the Song of Songs. The remains of the Early-Romanesque ambulatory contain
1134-432: A whole congregation expressing its faith and devotion in song. Therefore the active participation of the whole people, which is shown in singing, is to be carefully promoted. ...It should first of all include acclamations, responses to the greetings of the priest and ministers and to the prayers of litany form, and also antiphons and psalms, refrains or repeated responses, hymns and canticles." The communion rite begins with
1215-521: A word originating in the Greek word for giving thanks: "Let us give thanks to the Lord, our God." The faithful join in this sentiment, saying: "It is right and just." The priest continues with one of many thematic Eucharistic Prayer prefaces, which lead to the Sanctus acclamation: "Holy, Holy, Holy Lord God of hosts. Heaven and earth are full of your glory. Hosanna in the highest. Blessed is he who comes in
1296-480: Is changed into something better". He ended with a line he probably got from a letter written by Bernard de Clairvaux to the English crusaders in 1146: "Here, therefore, to live is glory and to die is gain". After the priest's sermon many of those present re-took the cross, and presumably some who had not yet done so were inaugurated into the ranks of the crucesignati (cross-signed). The influence of Bernard on both
1377-410: Is commonly used to describe the celebration of the Eucharist in the Latin Church , while the various Eastern Catholic liturgies use terms such as Divine Liturgy , Holy Qurbana , and Badarak , in accordance with each one's tradition. Pope Benedict XVI 's 2007 motu proprio Summorum Pontificum authorized under certain conditions, more widely than before, continued use of the 1962 form of
1458-462: Is flanked by two aisles with a lower vault. The stone roof of the central aisle is supported by flying buttresses , making the building one of the first in Portugal to use this architectonic feature. This first Romanesque building has suffered many alterations but the general aspect of the façade has remained romanesque. Around 1333 the Gothic funerary chapel of João Gordo was added. João
1539-522: Is located in the Parker Library of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge , Manuscript 470, fol. 125-146. The author of the De expugnatione names himself in his opening lines, although in an obscure abbreviated form that has perplexed scholars: Osb. de Baldr. R. salutem . Since at least the time of Archbishop Matthew Parker he has been known as "Osbern" and the manuscript's table of contents, written in
1620-405: Is not in waging war but in waging war for the sake of plunder" and "[w]hen a war had been entered upon by God's will it is not permitted to doubt that it has been rightly undertaken". The bishop ultimately offered to pay the crusaders for their assistance, and did so with plunder from the successful siege. Hervey's speech appeals to family pride, the desire for glory, "the counsels of honour" and
1701-516: Is present and offered in an unbloody manner". The Church describes the Mass as the "source and summit of the Christian life", and teaches that the Mass is a sacrifice , in which the sacramental bread and wine , through consecration by an ordained priest , become the sacrificial body, blood, soul, and divinity of Christ as the sacrifice on Calvary made truly present once again on the altar . The Catholic Church permits only baptised members in
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#17327654164481782-500: Is put in a chalice and mixed with a little water, As the priest places each on the corporal, he says a silent prayer over each individually, which, if this rite is unaccompanied by singing, he is permitted to say aloud, in which case the congregation responds to each prayer with: "Blessed be God forever." Then the priest washes his hands, "a rite in which the desire for interior purification finds expression." The congregation, which has been seated during this preparatory rite, rises, and
1863-598: Is replaced during Lent by a different acclamation of praise. All stand while the Gospel is chanted or read by a deacon or, if none is available, by a priest. The reading is traditionally introduced with the phrase "a reading from the Holy Gospel according to" followed by the evangelist's name. To conclude the Gospel reading, the priest or deacon proclaims: "The Gospel of the Lord" and the faithful respond, "Praise to you, Lord Jesus Christ." The priest or deacon then kisses
1944-469: Is the chalice of my blood, the blood of the new and eternal covenant, which will be poured out for you and for many for the forgiveness of sins. Do this in memory of me." In many places, a consecrated bell is rung after the elevation of each element. The tradition of raising the host and chalice high after the Consecration has its origin in the ad orientem celebration of the Mass, and is done so that
2025-519: Is yours, Almighty Father, for ever and ever," to which the faithful sing or chant the great Amen. This Amen is the faithful's assent to all that God has wrought through the consecration and representation of the sacrifice of Christ. Both the doxology and Great Amen are preferably sung or chanted. This is in line with the Instruction on Music in the Liturgy which says: "One cannot find anything more religious and more joyful in sacred celebrations than
2106-680: The Apostles' Creed , which is particularly associated with baptism and is often used in Masses for children. The Liturgy of the Word concludes with the Universal Prayer or Prayer of the Faithful. The priest begins it with a brief introduction, then a deacon, a cantor, or another lay person announces some intentions for prayer, to which the congregation responds with a short invocation such as "Lord hear our prayer." The priest concludes with
2187-1292: The Coptic Catholic Church , the Eritrean Catholic Church and the Ethiopian Catholic Church ; the Antiochene Rite used by the Maronite Church , the Syriac Catholic Church and the Syro-Malankara Catholic Church ; the East Syriac Rite used by the Chaldean Catholic Church and the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church ; and the Armenian Rite used by the Armenian Catholic Church . Within the Latin Church ,
2268-633: The Council of Trent in its closing session (1545–46). The 1962 form of the Tridentine Mass, in the Latin language alone, may be employed where authorized by the Holy See or, in the circumstances indicated in the 2021 document Traditionis custodes , by the diocesan bishop. In the modern form the priest usually (though not obligatorily) faces the people ( versus populum ); in the earlier form
2349-515: The Pater noster , provided that they could pray it in Latin . In some locations members of the congregation have either adopted the orans posture like the priest or have held each other's hands. The United States bishops conference states: "No position is prescribed in the Roman Missal for an assembly gesture during the Lord's Prayer." Some recognized experts on the rubrics of the Roman Rite,
2430-616: The Roman Rite Mass is by far the most widely used liturgical rite. The history of the development of the Mass of this rite comprises the Pre-Tridentine Mass , the Tridentine Mass and the post-Vatican II Mass . The Pre-Tridentine Mass of the Roman Rite was adopted even north of the Alps (but often modified by non-Roman influences) even before the time of Charlemagne , who wished it to be used throughout his empire, but
2511-668: The Roman Rite , which it called the Extraordinary Form of the Roman Rite, while it called the post–Vatican II form promulgated by Pope Paul VI in 1969 and revised by Pope John Paul II in 2002 the Ordinary Form . On 16 July 2021 Pope Francis in his apostolic letter Traditionis custodes restricted the celebration of the Tridentine Mass of the Roman Rite and declared that "the liturgical books promulgated by Saint Paul VI and Saint John Paul II, in conformity with
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2592-803: The Sign of the Cross , saying: "In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit", to which the faithful answer: "Amen." Then the priest "signifies the presence of the Lord to the community gathered there by means of the Greeting. By this Greeting and the response of the faithful, the mystery of the Church gathered together is made manifest." The greetings are derived from the Pauline epistles . Then
2673-481: The state of grace (Catholics who are not in a state of mortal sin ) to receive Christ in the Eucharist. Many of the other sacraments of the Catholic Church , such as confirmation , holy orders , and holy matrimony , are now generally administered within a celebration of Mass, but before the Second Vatican Council were often or even usually administered separately. The term Mass , also Holy Mass ,
2754-517: The supernatural life of souls . At Calvary, Christ not only merited all graces for people but also established certain channels whereby these graces may be obtained. These channels are the Sacrifice of the Mass and the other Sacraments. The first Mass was instituted by Christ at the Last Supper, on the first Holy Thursday. The first Holy Sacrifice of the Mass was celebrated on the eve of
2835-429: The 20th century. The cathedral is flanked by two square towers, each supported with two buttresses and crowned with a cupola . The façade lacks decoration and is rather architecturally heterogeneous. It shows a Baroque porch and a beautiful Romanesque rose window under a crenellated arch, giving the impression of a fortified church. The Romanesque nave is rather narrow and is covered by barrel vaulting . It
2916-563: The Apostles during Eastertide . The first reading is followed by a Responsorial Psalm , a complete Psalm or a sizeable portion of one. A cantor , choir or lector leads, and the congregation sings or recites a refrain. "That the people may be able to sing the Psalm response more readily, texts of some responses and Psalms have been chosen for the various seasons of the year or for the various categories of Saints. These may be used in place of
2997-539: The Church, gathered in the Holy Spirit , glorifies and entreats God the Father and the Lamb. ...It is sung or said on Sundays outside Advent and Lent, and also on Solemnities and Feasts, and at particular celebrations of a more solemn character." The Gloria is omitted at requiem Masses (funerals and Masses for the dead) on ordinary feast-days of saints , weekdays, and Votive Masses . It is also optional, in line with
3078-753: The Eastern churches have seen as the climax of the Consecration), praying that the Holy Spirit might transform the elements of bread and wine and thereby the people into one body in Christ. The whole portion of the Antiphon recalling Christ's passion, death, and resurrection, is called the Anamnesis . Intercessions for both the living and the souls in Purgatory follow. When there are priests concelebrating
3159-546: The Eucharist. An English translation was published in 1989 The Roman Missal also says special celebrations of Mass should observe the guidelines for them. This includes Masses with children, in the "Directory for Masses with Children", by the Sacred Congregation for Divine Worship, 1 November 1973. The most frequently celebrated form of the Roman Rite Mass is that in the post–Vatican II editions of
3240-489: The Latin Church. Before the invention of printing, each diocese of the Latin Church could and often did have its own particular Rite of Mass, generally but not necessarily based on the Roman Rite; but Pius V made his revision of the Roman Missal mandatory throughout the Latin Church, permitting continuance of other rites only if they had been in existence for at least 200 years. The Second Vatican Council also decreed
3321-479: The Lord and implore his mercy, it is usually executed by everyone, that is to say, with the faithful and the choir or cantor taking part in it." The Kyrie may be sung or recited in the vernacular language or in the original Greek . It is the only portion of the Mass in Greek instead of Latin or Latinised Hebrew. "The Gloria in Excelsis (Glory to God in the highest) is a most ancient and venerable hymn by which
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3402-512: The Mass they join the main celebrant in the central prayers, up to the intercessions, which they may divide among themselves. The Antiphon ends with an emphatic doxology for which the priest elevates the paten with the Host and the deacon (if there is one) elevates the chalice, and the priest(s) proclaim of Christ that "through him, with him, in him, in the unity of the Holy spirit, all glory and honor
3483-706: The Missal. A separate Book of the Gospels , also called the Evangeliary, is recommended for the reading from the Gospels , but where this book is not available the Lectionary, which also includes the Gospels, is used. The Roman Missal refers to another liturgical book, the Ceremonial of Bishops , saying the norms found in it are to be observed when a bishop celebrates the Mass, or presides without celebrating
3564-482: The Passion. The unbloody sacrifice of the Last Supper is a memorial of Christ's bloody sacrifice on the cross. Thus, the Mass is a unifying event of the Last Supper and Christ's sacrifice on Calvary. The Mass contains the four essential elements of a true sacrifice: priest, victim, altar, and sacrifice. Its Priest, Jesus Christ, uses the ministry of an earthly representative; its Victim, Jesus Christ, truly present under
3645-406: The Priest pronounces the prayer usually called the “ Collect ” and through which the character of the celebration finds expression." On Sundays and solemnities, three Scripture readings are given. On other days there are only two. If there are three readings, the first is from the Old Testament (a term wider than Hebrew Scriptures , since it includes the Deuterocanonical Books ), or the Acts of
3726-407: The Roman Missal. Authorization for use of the earlier (1962) form may be granted by the Holy See or, as indicated in the 2021 document Traditionis custodes , by the diocesan bishop. The Eucharistic celebration is "one single act of worship" but consists of different elements, which always include "the proclamation of the Word of God; thanksgiving to God the Father for all his benefits, above all
3807-436: The academic year, etc.). The priest enters in procession into the nave with altar servers, and with a deacon if there is one. The deacon may carry the Evangelion (Gospel book), which he will place on the altar ; and one altar server, called the crucifer , carries a processional cross at the front of the procession. Other servers may carry blessed candles, incense and a thurible . During this procession, ordinarily,
3888-435: The appearances of bread and wine; its altar; and the Sacrifice is a mystic representation of the blood-shedding of Calvary. Thus, the Mass is offered for four ends: adoration, atonement, thanksgiving, and petition. God Schools Relations with: The classic study of the Mass is that of Josef Andreas Jungmann , the two-volume Mass of the Roman Rite or Missarum Solemnia. Paul F. Bradshaw and Maxwell E. Johnson trace
3969-409: The bishop and the priest is evident. Mass in the Catholic Church The Mass is the central liturgical service of the Eucharist in the Catholic Church , in which bread and wine are consecrated and become the body and blood of Christ . As defined by the Church at the Council of Trent , in the Mass "the same Christ who offered himself once in a bloody manner on the altar of the cross,
4050-426: The book. If a deacon participates, he reads the Gospel. If a deacon is not present, the celebrating priest or a concelebrant, if there is one, proclaims it. At least on Sundays and Holy Days of Obligation , a homily , a sermon that draws upon some aspect of the readings or of the liturgy, is then given. Ordinarily the priest celebrant himself gives the homily, but he may entrust it to a concelebrating priest or to
4131-424: The crusaders to turn aside and attack Lisbon, had seen his own cathedral of Santa Maria plundered by the Muslims in 1140, when they took off with some liturgical vestments and killed and enslaved members of his clergy. To incite them to his aid, Pedro called the crusaders "God's people", who were on "a blessed pilgrimage", and told them that "[t]he praiseworthy thing is not to have been to Jerusalem but to have lived
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#17327654164484212-403: The customary Penitential Act, the blessing and sprinkling of water may take place as a reminder of Baptism." This ceremony, in which the congregation is cleansed with holy water , is known as the Asperges . "After the Penitential Act, the Kyrie, Eleison (Lord, have mercy) is always begun, unless it has already been part of the Penitential Act. Since it is a chant by which the faithful acclaim
4293-419: The deacon, but never to a lay person. In particular cases and for a just cause, a bishop or priest who is present but cannot concelebrate may give the homily. On days other than Sundays and Holy Days of Obligation, the homily, though not obligatory, is recommended. On Sundays and solemnities, all then profess their Christian faith by reciting or singing the Nicene Creed or, especially from Easter to Pentecost,
4374-500: The decrees of Vatican Council II, are the unique expression of the lex orandi of the Roman Rite." The term "Mass" is derived from the concluding words of the Roman Rite Mass in Latin: Ite, missa est ('Go, it is the dismissal', officially translated as 'Go forth, the Mass is ended'). The Late Latin word missa substantively corresponds to the classical Latin word missio . In antiquity, missa simply meant "dismissal". In Christian usage, however, it gradually took on
4455-559: The east of England, for the men of Suffolk appear frequently in his account, such as the seven youths of Ipswich who defended the siege tower using the protection of a mobile siege engine called the "Welsh cat". De expugnatione contains three speeches about crusading, from the mouths of three (probably deliberately) different men: Pedro Pitões , Bishop of Porto , Hervey de Glanvill and an anonymous "certain priest", possibly Raol himself. They are not "verbatim reports [but] more or less formal reconstructions". The bishop, who persuaded
4536-409: The entire celebration", then begins with a dialogue between priest and the faithful. This dialogue opens with the normal liturgical greeting, "The Lord be with you", but in view of the special solemnity of the rite now beginning, the priest then exhorts the faithful: "Lift up your hearts." The faithful respond with: "We lift them up to the Lord." The priest then introduces the great theme of "Eucharist",
4617-412: The entrance chant or hymn is sung. If there is no singing at the entrance, the entrance antiphon is recited either by some or all of the faithful or by a lector; otherwise it is said by the priest himself. When the procession arrives at the sanctuary, all bow toward the altar. The priest and other ordained ministers kiss the altar. Then, when the priest arrives at his chair, he leads the assembly in making
4698-439: The expedition from the departure of the English contingent on 23 May 1147 until the fall of Lisbon on 28 June 1148. It was written in Latin by one Raol, an Anglo - Fleming and probably a chaplain of Hervey de Glanvill in the army from East Anglia . It is an important source for the organisation of the crusade, especially among the middle ranks of society. An English translation by Charles Wendell David appeared in 1936 and
4779-410: The faith of your Church, and graciously grant her peace and unity in accordance with your will. Who live and reign for ever and ever," the priest wishes the faithful the peace of Christ: "The peace of the Lord be with you always." The deacon or, in his absence, the priest may then invite those present to offer each other the sign of peace. The form of the sign of peace varies according to local custom for
4860-410: The formation of liturgical forms or "rites" generally associated with influential episcopal sees . The Catholic Church encompasses a considerable number of such liturgical rites. Apart from the Latin liturgical rites , Mass in the Catholic Church is celebrated according to the Byzantine Rite in various languages based on Greek texts of the Church of Constantinople ; the Alexandrian Rite used by
4941-408: The fourth century Christianity was granted the status of a legal religion and was even viewed with favour by the Roman Emperors, the Christian celebrations took on a more formal appearance and were embellished by the use of vestments, lights and incense. Ex tempore prayers by the presider gave way to texts previously approved by synods of bishops as a guarantee of the orthodoxy of the content, leading to
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#17327654164485022-432: The gift of his Son; the consecration of bread and wine, which signifies also our own transformation into the body of Christ; and participation in the liturgical banquet by receiving the Lord's body and blood". Within the fixed structure of the Roman-Rite Mass outlined below, the "proper" or daily-varying parts are the Scripture readings and responsorial psalm , the antiphons at the entrance and communion processions, and
5103-406: The help of your mercy, we may be always free from sin and safe from all distress, as we await the blessed hope and the coming of our Savior, Jesus Christ." The faithful then recite the doxology , "For the kingdom, the power, and the glory are yours, now and forever". During the joint recitation of the Lord's Prayer the priest is exceptionally directed to extend his hands in the orans position. In
5184-407: The history of eucharistic liturgies from first-century shared meals of Christian communities, which became associated with the Last Supper , to second and third-century rites mentioned by Pliny the Younger and Ignatius of Antioch and described by Justin Martyr and others, in which passages from Scripture were read and the use of bread and wine was no longer associated with a full meal. When in
5265-424: The importance of the Mass in the Catholic tradition under the headings: The Roman Missal contains the prayers , antiphons and rubrics of the Mass. The Lectionary presents passages from the Bible arranged in the order for reading at each day's Mass. Compared with the scripture readings in the pre–Vatican II Missal, the modern Lectionary contains a much wider variety of passages, too extensive to include in
5346-408: The liturgists Edward McNamara and Peter Elliott , deplore the adoption of either of these postures by the congregation as a body, and both are subject to controversy. The Rite of Peace , the pax , is the second preparatory rite for reception of Holy Communion. After praying: "Lord Jesus Christ, who said to your Apostles: Peace I leave you, my peace I give you; look not on our sins, but on
5427-399: The liturgy, the priest normally adopts this posture only when praying aloud and alone while the congregation is silent. Other prayers said by the priest with the people, like the Sanctus in every Mass, are said with joined hands. This exception was introduced by Pope Pius XII , who only in the context of his Holy Week liturgical reforms permitted the congregation to join the priest in praying
5508-493: The name of the Lord. Hosanna in the highest." In some countries, including the United States , the faithful kneel immediately after the singing or recitation of the Sanctus. If a person is unable to kneel, he makes a profound bow after the Consecration – the Institution Narrative that recalls Jesus' words and actions at his Last Supper : "Take this, all of you, and eat of it: for this is my body which will be given up for you. ...Take this, all of you, and drink from it: for this
5589-402: The people may more readily see the Host. It is also customary on solemnities and other days for the altar servers to offer incense to the Host and chalice during the elevation. The priest then announces: "The mystery of faith," and the faithful respond with an acclamation , using one of three prescribed formulae. The Eucharistic Prayer includes the Epiclesis (which since early Christian times
5670-494: The perceived degree of solemnity of the occasion, at Ritual Masses such as those celebrated for Marriage ("Nuptial Mass"), Confirmation or Religious Profession , at Masses on the Anniversary of Marriage or Religious Profession, and at Masses for Various Needs and Occasions. "Next the Priest calls upon the people to pray and everybody, together with the Priest, observes a brief silence so that they may become aware of being in God’s presence and may call to mind their intentions. Then
5751-421: The priest gives an exhortation to pray: "Pray, brethren, that my sacrifice and yours may be acceptable to God, the almighty Father." The congregation responds: "May the Lord accept the sacrifice at your hands, for the praise and glory of his name, for our good, and the good of all his holy Church." The priest then pronounces the variable prayer over the gifts. The Eucharistic Prayer , "the centre and high point of
5832-740: The priest invites those present to take part in the Penitential Act , of which the Missal proposes three forms, the first of which is the Confiteor . One form includes tropes acclaiming God's deeds on our behalf, and the priest has some freedom in formulating these. This is concluded with the priest's prayer of absolution, "which, however, lacks the efficacy of the Sacrament of Penance." It does absolve venial sins , however. "From time to time on Sundays, especially in Easter Time, instead of
5913-563: The priest most often faces in the same direction as the people, towards the apse of the church, a stance that since the twentieth century is often called ad orientem , although not necessarily eastward. As mentioned, the Eucharistic liturgy is celebrated in the Catholic Church also in other Latin liturgical rites and in those of the Eastern Catholic Churches . The Catechism of the Catholic Church discusses
5994-483: The second half of the 17th century by Portuguese artists. Also in the 17th century the romanesque apse (which had an ambulatory ) was torn down and a new one was built in baroque style, later decorated with new wall paintings by Nasoni and choir stalls. The altarpiece of the chapel, designed by Santos Pacheco and executed by Miguel Francisco da Silva between 1727 and 1729, is an important work of Portuguese Baroque. The three red marble holy-water fonts, supported by
6075-569: The text actually distributed incorporated many Gallican additions . Roman missionaries, such as Boniface and Augustine of Canterbury introduced the Roman Mass to Germany and England. It was accepted also in Ireland, but met greater opposition in Spain and Milan. In accordance with the decrees of the Council of Trent (1545–1563), Pope Pius V in 1570 enforced use of the Tridentine Mass in
6156-630: The text corresponding to the reading whenever the Psalm is sung." The second reading is from the New Testament , typically from one of the Pauline epistles . The reader begins most reading with the introductory statement "a reading from the Book of..." or "a reading from the Letter to...," and concludes each reading by proclaiming that the reading is "the word of the Lord,"; the congregation responds by saying "Thanks be to God." The lector will usually be
6237-458: The text's form as an epistle , designates it Cruce Signati anglici Epistola de expugnatione Ulisiponis ("English Crusaders' Letter on the Conquest of Lisbon"). The unique manuscript was believed by Stubbs and Pauli to be the original autograph. David suggests however that it was not the original, which was probably written hastily during the crusade, but rather a later autograph edited by the author later, perhaps in his old age. The manuscript
6318-405: The texts of the three prayers known as the collect , the prayer over the gifts, and the prayer after communion. These convey themes from the liturgical season, the feast days of titles or events in the life of Christ, the feast days and commemorations of the saints, or for Masses for particular circumstances (e.g., funeral Masses, Masses for the celebration of Confirmation, Masses for peace, to begin
6399-618: The unity to which the crusaders had sworn at the onset of the expedition. The priest, after reminding the soldiers that the Muslims had desecrated a cross "with the filth of their posteriors", held up a relic of the True Cross and reduced the host to tears before assuring them that " in this sign, if you do not hesitate, you will conquer . . . [for] if it should happen that anyone signed with this cross should die, we do not believe that life has been taken from him, for we have no doubt that he
6480-564: Was a Knight Hospitaller who worked for King Dinis I . His tomb is decorated with his recumbent figure and reliefs of the Apostles . Also from the Gothic period is the elegant cloister, built between the 14th and the 15th centuries during the reign of King John I , who married English Princess Philippa of Lancaster in Porto Cathedral in 1387. The external appearance of the cathedral was greatly altered during Baroque times. In 1772
6561-515: Was reprinted in 2001. De expugnatione is untitled in its sole manuscript. Its first English editor, William Stubbs , gave it its modern title, which was picked up by Charles Wendell David, who preferred it for its similarity to the titles used by the Lisbon Academy , by Reinhold Pauli for his German edition of some excerpts, and in the bibliographies of August Potthast and Auguste Molinier . Charles Purton Cooper , in recognition of
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