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41-661: Tradition places the origin of the match in 1885, when a game is said to have been played in St Moritz . This date is recognised by the Hockey Hall of Fame , and prior to the 1985 Varsity Match, the International Ice Hockey Federation formally recognised the game played a century earlier as having been the first ice hockey match played in Europe. However, there is no contemporary evidence that

82-464: A Fachhochschule ). St. Moritz is a regional economic centre and a tourist community. As of  2014 , there were a total of 7,590 people employed in the municipality. Of these, a total of 24 people worked in 7 businesses in the primary economic sector . The secondary sector employed 1,039 workers in 74 separate businesses. A minority (17.0%) of the secondary sector employees worked in very small businesses. There were 22 small businesses with

123-400: A first language. Romansh lost ground to both German and Italian. In 1900, 31% of the population spoke Italian as a first language, and in 1910, it was about the same. In the following years, the percentage of Romansh and Italian speakers both decreased against German speakers. In 1941, only 20% spoke Romansh, and in 1970 it was 8%. In 2000, only 4.7% of the population spoke Romansh. St. Moritz

164-409: A gap during World War II , the matches have continued annually ever since, and from 1996 alternated between Oxford Ice Rink and a rink nominated by Cambridge. After a two-decade campaign, championed by Prof. Bill Harris , Cambridge University opened their own rink for the 2019-2020 season and hosted the 2020 Match. Oxford, historically strengthened by Rhodes Scholars have won more than two-thirds of

205-592: A rate of 4.9%. As of 2000 , the gender distribution of the population was 45.4% male and 54.6% female. The age distribution, as of 2000 , in St. Moritz is; 423 children or 7.6% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 502 teenagers or 9.0% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 960 people or 17.2% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 1,055 people or 18.9% are between 30 and 39, 864 people or 15.5% are between 40 and 49, and 820 people or 14.7% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution

246-416: A staff of 520 persons and is the biggest employer in St. Moritz. In 2014 a total of 9.3% of the population received social assistance. In the second quarter of 2016 an average of 1,062 workers commuted from outside Switzerland to work in the municipality, representing a minority of the employees. In 2015 local hotels had a total of 599,734 overnight stays, of which 69.2% were international visitors. In

287-500: A time in an on the water dogfight which tests the sailors and skippers to the limits of their physical abilities. Points accrued count towards the World Match Racing Tour and a place in the final event, with the overall winner taking the title ISAF World Match Racing Tour Champion. Thanks to its favorable location, St. Moritz enjoys over 300 days of sunshine a year. Every winter it hosts the "White Turf" horse race on

328-430: A total of 533 employees and 3 mid sized businesses with a total of 329 employees. Finally, the tertiary sector provided 6,527 jobs in 768 businesses. In 2014 a total of 3,820 employees worked in 752 small companies (less than 50 employees). There were 14 mid sized businesses with 1,928 employees and 2 large businesses which employed 779 people (for an average size of 389.5). The Badrutt's Palace Hotel (Five Star) has

369-634: Is Piz Kesch , which is also the highest summit of the Eastern Alps north of the Inn . Other mountains with both a high elevation and a high prominence are Piz Calderas , Piz Ela , Piz Ot and Piz Vadret . The Albula Alps are drained by the rivers Albula , Gelgia , Landwasser and Inn and Mera . Near the Lunghin Pass is the tripoint between the Gelgia, Inn and Mera. This is the tripoint between

410-504: Is 532 people or 9.5% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 289 people or 5.2% are between 70 and 79, there are 121 people or 2.2% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 23 people or 0.4% who are 90 and older. In 2014 there were 2,822 private households in St. Moritz with an average household size of 1.84 persons. Of the 884 inhabited buildings in the municipality, in 2000, about 29.1% were single family homes and 40.8% were multiple family buildings. Additionally, about 19.9% of

451-740: Is a high Alpine resort town in the Engadine in Switzerland , at an elevation of about 1,800 metres (5,910 ft) above sea level . It is Upper Engadine 's major town and a municipality in the administrative region of Maloja in the Swiss canton of the Grisons . St. Moritz lies on the southern slopes of the Albula Alps below the Piz Nair (3,056 m or 10,026 ft) overlooking

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492-604: Is also the world-famous Cresta Run toboggan course. The year-round population is 5,600, with some 3,000 seasonal employees supporting hotels and rental units with a total of 13,000 beds. The Kulm Hotel St. Moritz is a large luxury hotel in St. Moritz. St. Moritz has a subarctic climate ( Köppen : Dfc) due to its particularly high elevation near to the tree line . It has cool summers coupled with cold nights and very cold, snowy winters with highs around freezing and 254 cm (100 in) of average annual snowfall. The average temperature, about 2 °C (36 °F; measured in

533-549: Is the highest town in the country with a railway station. St. Moritz railway station is situated in the centre of the town, near the lakeshore and at the bottom of Via Serlas . It is operated by the Rhaetian Railway , and is the terminus for Albula and Bernina railway lines. The Glacier Express and Bernina Express trains stop at St. Moritz. Near the railway station is an important Swiss PostBus stop. The St. Moritz–Corviglia funicular links St. Moritz with

574-692: The CVP (11.0%). In the federal election, a total of 1,428 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 54.1%. In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SVP which received 34.9% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the FDP (24.5%), the SP (22.4%), and the CVP (17%). In St. Moritz about 65.8% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or

615-859: The Corviglia summit and ski area . Albula Alps The Albula Alps are a mountain range in the Alps of eastern Switzerland . They are considered to be part of the Central Eastern Alps , more specifically the Western Rhaetian Alps . They are named after the river Albula . According to AVE (see map), the Albula Alps are separated from the Oberhalbstein Alps in the west by the Septimer Pass and

656-705: The Patton Cup , named for Peter Patton , the first President of the British Ice Hockey Association . It was then played most years until 1932, when it returned to England, being played at Richmond Ice Rink . The annual matches of the 1930s may no longer have been of professional standard, but they were able to attract crowds up to 10,000 strong. In 2016, the Patton Cup was replaced by the King Edward VII Cup . Other than

697-530: The 1885 match took place, and Oxford now claim that it was a bandy match. If the 1885 date is accepted, this is the oldest rivalry in ice hockey. The oldest surviving evidence of the competition is a team photo and roster from 1895, for a game played on Blenheim Lake in Oxford , although this was definitely a bandy match. The first match usually counted as an ice hockey contest is that of 16 March 1900 at Princes Skating Club , although at Oxford's insistence, it

738-404: The 1985 amount. Over the same time period, the amount of recreational space in the municipality increased by 3 ha (7.4 acres) and is now about 1.15% of the total area. Of the agricultural land 149 ha (370 acres) is fields and grasslands, and 643 ha (1,590 acres) consists of alpine grazing areas. Since 1985 the amount of agricultural land has decreased by 37 ha (91 acres). Over

779-404: The 2004/09 survey) of 28.69 km (11.08 sq mi). Of this area, about 26.3% is used for agricultural purposes, while 20.0% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 9.0% is settled (buildings or roads) and 44.8% is unproductive land. In the 2004/09 survey a total of 160 ha (400 acres) or about 5.6% of the total area was covered with buildings, an increase of 23 ha (57 acres) over

820-646: The 3rd century by Maximian in Switzerland while serving as leader of the Theban Legion . Pilgrims traveled to Saint Mauritius, often to the church of the springs, where they drank from the blessed, bubbling waters of the Mauritius springs in the hopes of being healed. In 1519, the Medici pope Leo X promised full absolution to anyone making a pilgrimage to the church of the springs. In the 16th century,

861-516: The FIBT World Championships ( bobsleigh and skeleton racing ) a record 21 times. Since 1985, it has hosted Snow Polo St. Moritz, a tournament featuring many of the world's finest team and played on a specially marked field on the frozen lake. St. Moritz is extremely popular in the summer months as an altitude training base for distance athletes, particularly cyclists , runners , and race walkers . Its popularity extends to

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902-399: The altitude, weather, world class athletics track , and availability of paths and trails in the area. In 1904, the oldest and world's last remaining natural bob run was opened. The 1.72 km (1.07 mi) ice channel – also known as the world's biggest "ice sculpture" – is built every winter from the ground up with only snow and water. The bob run hosted numerous world championships and

943-659: The basins of the North Sea , Black Sea and Mediterranean Sea . The main road passes crossing the Albula Alps (from central Graubünden to Engadin ) are the Julier Pass and the Albula Pass . On the margin are also the Flüela Pass and the Septimer Pass (bridle path only). The Albula Pass, in the middle of the range, is also an important axis of the Rhaetian Railway , connecting Chur to St. Moritz through

984-453: The buildings were built before 1919, while 8.6% were built between 1991 and 2000. In 2013 the rate of construction of new housing units per 1000 residents was 9.32. The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2015 , was 3.18%. In the 2015 federal election the most popular party was the FDP with 31.0% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SVP (27.0%), the BDP (15.1%) and

1025-511: The cross-country skiing part of the Nordic combined , and the ice hockey events took place in St. Moritz. In addition to the above sports, St. Moritz is also well known as a destination for sailing. It is the host venue for the annual St. Moritz Match Race held on lake St. Moritz. The St. Moritz Match Race event is part of the prestigious World Match Racing Tour which covers three continents. The identical supplied (BLU-26) boats are raced two at

1066-488: The encounters. St Moritz St. Moritz ( / ˌ s æ n m ə ˈ r ɪ t s / SAN mə- RITS , US also / ˌ s eɪ n t -/ SAYNT -⁠ , UK also / s ən t ˈ m ɒr ɪ t s / sənt MORR -its ; German , in full: Sankt Moritz [zaŋkt moˈrɪts, ˈmoːrɪts] locally [saŋkt] ; Romansh : San Murezzan [sam muˈʁetsən] ; Italian : San Maurizio ; French : Saint-Moritz )

1107-446: The first scientific treatises about the St. Moritz mineral springs were written. In 1535, Paracelsus , the great practitioner of natural remedies, spent some time in St. Moritz. Although it received some visitors during the summer, the origins of the winter resort only date back 160 years ago to September 1864, when St. Moritz hotel pioneer Caspar Badrutt made a wager with four British summer guests: they should return in winter and, if

1148-755: The first village in the Alps to install electric trams and opened the Palace Hotel . A horse race was held on snow in 1906, and on the frozen lake the following year. The first ski school in Switzerland was established in St. Moritz in 1929 . St. Moritz hosted the 1928 Winter Olympics —the stadium still stands today—and again in 1948 . It has hosted over 20 FIBT World Championships , four FIS Alpine World Ski Championships (1934/1974/2003/2017) and over 40 Engadin Skimarathons since 1969. It has also hosted many other events since, including some unlikely ones on

1189-745: The flat and wide glaciated valley of the Upper Engadine and eponymous lake: Lake St. Moritz . It hosted the Winter Olympics in 1928 and 1948 . Votive offerings, swords, and needles from the Bronze Age found at the base of the springs in St. Moritz indicate that the Celts had already discovered them. St. Moritz is first mentioned around 1137–39 as ad sanctum Mauricium . The village was named after Saint Maurice , an early Christian saint from southern Egypt said to have been martyred in

1230-578: The frozen Lake St. Moritz attended by the international upper class . Prominent property owners in St. Moritz included Sonja Ziemann , Gunter Sachs , Herbert von Karajan , Lakshmi Mittal , Ivan Glasenberg , Mohammad Reza Pahlavi , Maurizio Gucci , Giorgio Armani , Ingvar Kamprad , Helmut Horten , Giovanni Agnelli , Remo Ruffini , Dean and Dan Caten , the Heineken family , Aristoteles Onassis and Stavros Niarchos . Popular pastimes include skiing , snowboarding , and hiking , and nearby there

1271-555: The frozen lake in the 1970s and 1980s such as a golf tournament, (1979), a snow polo tournament (held every year in January since 1985) and Cricket on Ice (1989). St. Moritz has also been the venue for many Sailing and Windsurfing World Championships. Since the early 1980s St. Moritz is also promoted and known as Top of the World . The expression was registered as a trademark by the tourist office in 1987. St. Moritz has an area (as of

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1312-470: The nearby town of Samedan ), is extremely low compared to that of the Swiss Plateau . It is also significantly lower to that of La Brévine , traditionally considered the coldest inhabited place in Switzerland. St. Moritz has a population (as of 31 December 2020) of 4,945. As of 2008 , 38.0% of the population was made up of foreign nationals. Over the 10 years up to 2009 the population decreased at

1353-637: The recurring Ice Hockey Varsity Match was a bandy match played in St. Moritz in 1885. St. Moritz was the host city for the Winter Olympic Games in 1928 and 1948 , one of three cities to host twice, along with Innsbruck, Austria , and Lake Placid in the United States. It also hosted the FIS Alpine World Ski Championships in 1934 , 1974 , 2003 , and 2017 . Additionally, St. Moritz has hosted

1394-602: The same time period the amount of forested land has increased by 33 ha (82 acres). Rivers and lakes cover 91 ha (220 acres) in the municipality. The highest summit in the Eastern Alps is Piz Bernina at 4,048.6 m (13,283 ft), located 15 km (9.3 mi) southeast of the village. Before 2017, the municipality was located in the Oberengadin sub-district of the Maloja district, after 2017 it

1435-504: The same year there was one movie theater in the municipality with 267 seats. Most of the population (as of 2000 ) speaks German (58.8%), with Italian being second most common (21.8%), and Portuguese being third (6.6%). Originally, the entire population spoke the Upper- Engadin Romansh dialect of Puter . Due to increasing trade with the outside world, Romansh usage began to decline. In 1880, only 50.2% spoke Romansh as

1476-931: The valley of the Sursés ; from the Plessur Alps in the north-west by the Landwasser valley; from the Silvretta group in the north-east by the Flüela Pass ; from the Sesvenna Alps in the east by the Inn valley ( Engadine ); from the Livigno Alps in the south-east by the Inn valley; from the Bernina Range in the south by the Maloja Pass and the Inn valley. The chief summit of the Albula Alps

1517-410: The village was not to their liking, then he would reimburse their travel costs. If they were to find St. Moritz attractive in winter, then he would invite them to stay as his guests for as long as they wished. This marked not only the start of winter tourism in St. Moritz but also the start of winter tourism in the whole of the Alps. The first tourist office in Switzerland was established the same year in

1558-490: The village. St. Moritz developed rapidly in the late nineteenth century; the first electric light in Switzerland was installed in 1878 at the Kulm Hotel , and the first curling tournament on the continent was held in 1880. The first European Ice-Skating Championships were held at St. Moritz in 1882 and first golf tournament in the Alps held in 1889. The first bob run and bob race was held in 1890. By 1896, St. Moritz became

1599-471: Was part of the Maloja Region. It consists of the settlements of St. Moritz-Dorf (elev. 1,830 m or 6,005 ft), Bad (1,775 m or 5,825 ft), Champfèr (1,825 m or 5,990 ft), and the village section of Suvretta. St. Moritz has been a resort for winter sport vacations since the 19th century. Students from Oxford and Cambridge went there to play each other; the predecessor of

1640-407: Was played using bandy sticks and a lacrosse ball . The following year, another Varsity Match was played at Princes, this time with hockey stick and a puck . However, a 1902 match at Blenheim Lake was again a bandy match. The competition became established in 1909; the two universities then met each other on a European rink each year until World War I . From 1927, the match has been played for

1681-400: Was used in both Olympic Winter Games. In the early 1930s, some members of the bob club started taking guests along for taxi rides; today they run with slightly modified racing bobs. For the 1928 games, the cross-country skiing and the cross-country skiing part of the Nordic combined events took place around the hills of St. Moritz. Twenty years later, once again the cross-country skiing ,

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