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47-614: The vision to create a school of diplomacy and international commerce came from Dr. James Kennedy Patterson , the first president of the University of Kentucky . The 1898 Spanish–American War convinced Patterson a new school was needed that "shall have for its special object the preparation of young men for the diplomatic and consular service of the United States. It shall also provide special training for those who may seek employment in extending upon rational and scientific lines

94-654: A Bachelor of Arts degree in 1856, graduating at the top of his class. In 1859, he earned a Master of Arts degree at Hanover. After graduation, Patterson became the principal of the Presbyterian Academy at Greenville, Kentucky , which was supervised by former U.S. Congressman Edward Rumsey . He remained in this position for three years. While in Greenville, he married Lucelia W. Wing, Congressman Rumsey's sister-in-law, on December 29, 1859. The couple had two children. Son William Alexander Patterson

141-487: A quorum . Goebel died four days after receiving the fatal shot, and the election was eventually contested to the U.S. Supreme Court , who ruled the General Assembly's actions legal and made Goebel's lieutenant governor , J. C. W. Beckham , governor of the state. The General Assembly is bicameral , consisting of a Senate and a House of Representatives. The House and Senate chambers are on opposite ends of

188-693: A delegate to the British Association for the Advancement of Science in 1890. He was granted a year's leave from his duties as president, and set sail for Europe with his wife and son in June. The family visited England , Scotland , Belgium , France , Italy , Austria , Germany , and Switzerland before returning home in August 1891. On June 3, 1895, Patterson's son died during an appendectomy ; and in his honor, Patterson built and endowed

235-504: A district must be contiguous. Districts must be reviewed every 10 years and be re-divided if necessary. Under the state constitution, only three counties may be divided to form a Senate district— Jefferson ( Louisville ), Fayette ( Lexington ) and Kenton ( Covington ). The Senate is the upper house of the General Assembly. According to Section 32 of the Kentucky Constitution , a senator must: Under section 30 of

282-600: A final decision on the election, called out the militia and ordered the General Assembly into a special session, not in Frankfort, but in London, Kentucky , a Republican area of the state. The Republican minority naturally heeded the call and headed to London. Democrats predictably resisted the call, many retiring to Louisville instead. Both factions claimed authority, but the Republicans were too few in number to muster

329-644: A group of Confederate sympathizers met in Russellville in November 1861, to establish a Confederate government for the state . The group established a Confederate state capital in Bowling Green , but never successfully displaced the elected General Assembly in Frankfort. The General Assembly played a decisive role in the disputed gubernatorial election of 1899. Initial vote tallies had Republican William S. Taylor leading Democrat William Goebel by

376-400: A library on campus. In his will , he also left an endowment for the college's School of Diplomacy in his son's name. Even after the approval of the property tax, the college's funds remained inadequate to allow it to operate and expand. As president, Patterson gained a reputation as unduly frugal, particularly with regard to faculty salaries and facilities expansion. He personally lobbied

423-530: A scant 2,383 votes. The General Assembly, however, wielded the final authority in election disputes. With a majority in both houses, the Democrats attempted to invalidate enough votes to give the election to Goebel. During the contentious days that followed, an unidentified assassin shot Goebel as he approached the state capitol. As Goebel hovered on the brink of death, chaos ensued in Frankfort, and further violence threatened. Taylor, serving as governor pending

470-459: Is now Transylvania University ) in Lexington, Kentucky , in 1861. When Transylvania was merged with Kentucky University and the newly formed Kentucky Agricultural and Mechanical College in 1865, Patterson became a professor at the new institution, and was eventually given charge of the constituent Agricultural and Mechanical College. Financial difficulties and denominational differences affected

517-525: Is the lower house of the General Assembly. Section 47 of the Kentucky Constitution stipulates that all bills for raising revenue must originate in the House of Representatives. According to Section 32 of the Kentucky Constitution , a representative must: Per section 30 of the Kentucky Constitution , representatives are elected every two years in the November following a regular session of

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564-689: The British Association for the Advancement of Science in 1890. He was chosen as a fellow of the Royal Historical Society and the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland , and received numerous honorary degrees from various institutions of higher learning. Patterson died August 15, 1922. Patterson Hall, a dormitory at the University of Kentucky originally built for women but now coed, and the Patterson Office Tower ,

611-623: The Civil War , Stewart College suspended operations. Through the recommendation of a friend, Patterson was elected principal of Transylvania Academy in Lexington, Kentucky , in 1861. Although it was part of Transylvania College (now Transylvania University ), the academy functioned as a high school during the war. In 1865, the Kentucky General Assembly merged the college with Kentucky University in Harrodsburg and

658-466: The Governor of Kentucky at any time and for any duration. The first meeting of the General Assembly occurred in 1792, shortly after Kentucky was granted statehood. Legislators convened in Lexington , the state's temporary capital. Among the first orders of business was choosing a permanent state capital. In the end, the small town of Frankfort, with their offer to provide a temporary structure to house

705-574: The Kentucky Constitution , senators are elected to four year staggered terms, with half the Senate elected every two years. Prior to a 1992 constitutional amendment, the Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky presided over the Senate; the 1992 amendment created a new office of President of the Senate to be held by one of the 38 senators. Additionally, each party elects a floor leader , whip , and caucus chair . The House of Representatives

752-759: The U.S. state of Kentucky . It comprises the Kentucky Senate and the Kentucky House of Representatives . The General Assembly meets annually in the state capitol building in Frankfort , convening on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in January. In even-numbered years, sessions may not last more than 60 legislative days, and cannot extend beyond April 15. In odd-numbered years, sessions may not last more than 30 legislative days, and cannot extend beyond March 30. Special sessions may be called by

799-557: The endowment was not large enough to fully fund Patterson's ambitious vision, by 1959 it had increased enough - with additional funding from the Commonwealth of Kentucky - to launch the Patterson School of Diplomacy and International Commerce. From the very beginning, the Patterson School program was designed exclusively for graduate students. Initially, both masters and doctoral degrees were offered. In 1970, however,

846-542: The federal congress to pass the Hatch Act of 1887 , which allowed land-grant colleges to receive federal land grants to construct agricultural experiment stations , and the Morrill Act of 1890 , which provided for further endowment of land-grant colleges by the federal government. In 1900, he secured funding from the General Assembly for the construction of a gymnasium and a hall for female students, and in 1904,

893-728: The Agricultural and Mechanical College. Already familiar with Greek, Latin, and Hebrew , he developed a good knowledge of Sanskrit , Gothic , Anglo-Saxon , German , and French . Between 1871 and 1874, he was a frequent contributor of editorial content to local publications and newspapers, including a series of articles on tariffs and foreign policy which appeared in the Louisville Courier-Journal . In 1875, his alma mater , Hanover College, presented him with an honorary Doctor of Philosophy degree. During his later academic career, Patterson devoted more time to

940-531: The Gatton College of Business and Economics (Patterson MA/MBA; Patterson MA/Economics MS) and the Department of Modern and Classical Languages. James Kennedy Patterson James Kennedy Patterson (March 26, 1833 – August 15, 1922) was an academic who served as the first president of the University of Kentucky . His family immigrated from Scotland to Indiana in 1842 when he

987-479: The General Assembly increased its annual contribution to the college's endowment by $ 15,000. When all other fundraising methods had been exhausted, Patterson resorted to securing a personal loan to cover the college's operating expenses. In 1903, Patterson served as the president of the Association of Agricultural Colleges. As he continued to expand the curriculum of the college, he drew criticism from some of

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1034-586: The General Assembly. Additionally, each party elects a floor leader, whip, and caucus chair. Senate Standing Committees and Chairs House Standing Committees and Chairs The Kentucky General Assembly is served by a 16-member nonpartisan agency called the Legislative Research Commission (LRC). Created in 1948, the LRC provides the General Assembly with staff and research support including committee staffing, bill drafting, oversight of

1081-460: The college was reclassified as a university; he retired in 1910. In his four decades as president, the institution grew from a single building – a private residence converted for academic use – to a 52 acres (0.21 km ; 0.081 sq mi) campus consisting of 17 buildings and a 250 acres (1.0 km ; 0.39 sq mi) farm. The institution's income had also risen from $ 9,900 annually when Patterson became president to $ 150,000 annually by

1128-650: The commercial relations of America." Patterson took as his model the programs he saw then being established at Harvard, Stanford, Chicago, Cornell and Yale. Patterson understood the United States was becoming a political and commercial world power and believed new institutions were needed to properly prepare Americans for this role. He also had a clear vision about how they should be educated. In 1903, speaking in Washington, DC on "Education and Empire," Patterson declared students must be educated not only as scholars and scientists, but as citizens who will be engaged in shaping

1175-434: The decision was made to concentrate solely on training at the master's degree level for students seeking professional careers in international affairs. From three jointly appointed faculty members in 1960, the Patterson School acquired its first core faculty in 1972 and began a strengthening of its interdisciplinary nature (drawing upon associated faculty from across the entire university) that continues to this day. The program

1222-442: The destinies of the world. This philosophy - requiring that students be exposed to both theory and practice - has always been at the core of the Patterson School. Plans for a new institution centered on diplomatic and commercial training ran afoul of an abysmal budget situation at the start of the 20th century. The new state university Patterson led was struggling to survive. Indeed, he tapped his own personal resources to construct

1269-586: The eldest, Patterson would outlive three of his brothers. Patterson received an elementary education in Scotland. In 1842, when he was nine years old, Patterson's family immigrated to the United States , settling in Bartholomew County, Indiana , near the city of Madison . There were no school facilities in the area at the time, but Patterson continued his education by studying books from

1316-471: The first female legislator elected south of the Mason–Dixon line . Operation Boptrot led to the conviction of more than a dozen legislators between 1992 and 1995. The investigation also led to reform legislation being passed in 1993. Due to the strong Union sympathies of a majority of the Commonwealth's citizens and elected officials, Kentucky remained officially neutral during the Civil War . Even so,

1363-558: The legislature and a cache of materials for constructing a permanent edifice, was chosen, and the state's capital has remained there ever since. After women gained suffrage in Kentucky, Mary Elliott Flanery was elected to the Kentucky House of Representative from the 89th District, representing Boyd County, Kentucky . When Flanery took her seat in January 1922, she was the first female state legislator elected in Kentucky and

1410-673: The newly chartered Kentucky Agricultural and Mechanical College. Following the merger, Patterson was appointed as a professor of Latin and Civil History and was given the chair of the department of History and Metaphysics . In 1869, he was given charge of the constituent Agricultural and Mechanical College. Governor Preston Leslie appointed him a delegate to the International Congress of Geographical Sciences which convened in Paris, France , later that year. Patterson continued to study languages during his time as principal of

1457-402: The president of the independent college. Among his first tasks as president was attempting to improve the financial condition of the institution. To that end, he successfully lobbied the legislature to enact a property tax in the amount of one-half cent per one hundred dollars of taxable property to generate revenues for the college. The tax was approved in 1880. Opponents of the tax, led by

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1504-675: The private libraries of citizens in the area. In 1849, he was able to complete his elementary education at a school operated by Robert French in Madison. For a year, he taught in the common schools of Indiana before matriculating to Hanover College in May 1851. While there, he was associated with the Beta Theta Pi fraternity. Concurrent with his studies, he taught school in Henry County, Kentucky , from 1853 to 1855. Patterson earned

1551-465: The resources and the curriculum of the college, and in 1908, he oversaw its transition to university status. At that time, the university was known as "State University: Lexington, Kentucky"; today it is the University of Kentucky. Patterson continued as president until his retirement in 1910. During his career, Patterson was afforded many academic laurels. He was appointed as a delegate to the International Congress of Geographical Sciences in 1869 and to

1598-517: The separation of the Agricultural and Mechanical College from Kentucky University in 1878, and Patterson became the president of the independent Agricultural and Mechanical College. He lobbied the Kentucky General Assembly to pass a property tax to benefit the college in 1880, and successfully defended the tax against repeal in 1882 and against attacks on its constitutionality before the Kentucky Court of Appeals . Patterson continued to expand

1645-530: The state budget and educational reform, production of educational materials, maintenance of a reference library and Internet site, and the preparation and printing of research reports, informational bulletins and a legislative newspaper. It is led by the elected leadership of the Democratic and Republican parties in both the Kentucky House of Representatives and the Kentucky Senate, while the agency

1692-472: The state's citizens for moving the institution away from its roots as an agricultural and mechanical college and more toward becoming a liberal arts institution. In 1908, the General Assembly officially recognized the institution's transition to a university, and upon Patterson's recommendation, its name was changed to State University: Lexington, Kentucky. Today, it is known as the University of Kentucky . Patterson continued as president for two years after

1739-416: The state's private denominational schools, attempted to get it repealed during the 1882 legislative session, but Patterson appeared before the legislature to defend it, and the General Assembly retained it. The tax was then challenged as unconstitutional by its opponents, but Patterson again successfully defended it before the Kentucky Court of Appeals . Governor Simon Bolivar Buckner appointed Patterson

1786-552: The study of history, metaphysics, and political science . In 1880, he was elected a fellow of both the British Royal Historical Society and the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland . In 1896, Lafayette College conferred upon him an honorary Doctor of Laws degree. In 1878, denominational differences and financial difficulties led to the separation of the Agricultural and Mechanical College from Kentucky University. Upon separation, Patterson became

1833-399: The third floor of the capitol building, and legislators have offices in the nearby Capitol Annex building. Section 33 of the Kentucky Constitution requires that the General Assembly divide the state into 38 Senate and 100 House districts. Districts are required to be as nearly equal in population as possible. Districts can be formed by joining more than one county, but the counties forming

1880-475: The time of his retirement. As part of the terms of his retirement, he was allowed to continue attending board and faculty meetings, represent the university on the state and national level, and reside in the campus house built for the president. He was also allowed to serve as an advisor to the incoming president. Numerous honors were conferred on Patterson after his retirement. In 1910, the University of Vermont awarded him an honorary Doctor of Laws degree. He

1927-512: The university's administration building, are both named in his honor. James Kennedy Patterson was born in the Gorbals parish of Glasgow, Scotland on March 26, 1833. He was the eldest of five sons born to Andrew and Janet (Kennedy) Patterson, who were both from Presbyterian families associated with the Covenanter movement. All five brothers pursued careers as academics. Despite being

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1974-434: The university's first buildings. When he retired in 1910, his dream remained unfulfilled, but not forgotten. A trust established by Patterson's will in 1922 with almost his entire estate called for the creation of a college of diplomacy. He named the school after his only child, William Andrew Patterson, who died of illness as a young man. To make his vision a reality, however, the funds had to be invested for decades. While

2021-476: Was born April 12, 1868. Daughter Jeanie Rumsey Patterson was born February 10, 1870, and died August 9 of the same year. After their marriage, Patterson and his wife moved to Clarksville, Tennessee , where Patterson had been elected principal of the Preparatory Department at Stewart College in 1859. After a year, he became a professor of Greek and Latin at the school. At the outbreak of

2068-546: Was buried in Lexington Cemetery . The women's dormitory constructed during his tenure, as well as the administration building and a local roadway, were named in his honor. In 1934, a statue of Patterson was erected near the university administration building. Kentucky General Assembly The Kentucky General Assembly , also called the Kentucky Legislature , is the state legislature of

2115-845: Was elected to the National Geographic Society , the American Historical Association , and the American Academy of Political and Social Science . He was also a trustee for the American Civic Alliance. In 1911, he was invited to deliver the commencement address at Clemson Agricultural College (now Clemson University ) and an address on "The Bible as a Factor in Modern Civilization" at his alma mater, Hanover College. Patterson died August 15, 1922, and

2162-502: Was nine years old. He pursued what meager educational opportunities were available in his new home, and eventually attended Hanover College , where he earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1856 and a Master of Arts degree in 1859. He briefly taught at Stewart College in Clarksville, Tennessee , but left the area when the Civil War forced the college to suspend operations. He became the principal at Transylvania Academy (part of what

2209-553: Was originally housed on campus in a surplus army barracks, but moved to the Patterson Office Tower after its construction in 1969 where it remains today. The 30-credit program culminates in a M.A. in Diplomacy and International Commerce with a concentration in one of the following four areas: In addition, concurrent degree programs are offered with the University of Kentucky College of Law (Patterson MA/JD) and

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