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99-452: Paix is the fourth studio album by French singer Catherine Ribeiro and her third with the band Alpes . It was originally released in 1972 by Philips Records . The album integrates the group's original folk -oriented sound within the progressive style of their preceding records, with complex instrumentation, longform compositions, and psychedelic soundscapes . It has been described as containing Ribeiro's most experimental work and

198-587: A concert venue , at home, in the field, or a mix of places. The time frame for completely recording an album varies between a few hours to several years. This process usually requires several takes with different parts recorded separately, and then brought or " mixed " together. Recordings that are done in one take without overdubbing are termed "live", even when done in a studio. Studios are built to absorb sound, eliminating reverberation , to assist in mixing different takes; other locations, such as concert venues and some "live rooms", have reverberation, which creates

297-434: A photo album ; this format evolved after 1948 into single vinyl long-playing (LP) records played at 33 + 1 ⁄ 3   rpm . The album was the dominant form of recorded music expression and consumption from the mid-1960s to the early 21st century, a period known as the album era . Vinyl LPs are still issued, though album sales in the 21st-century have mostly focused on CD and MP3 formats. The 8-track tape

396-465: A requiem , the song was inspired by Ribeiro's attempted suicide in May 1968, after which she had to relearn how to speak, walk, and write. It is 25 minutes long and occupies the entire second side of the album; however, unlike the title track, it contains multiple sections . The song begins with another slow fade in of an organ, this time accompanied with soft notes from Moullet's cosmophone. This leads into

495-563: A staff with the same treble and bass clefs used by many non-percussive instruments. Music for percussive instruments without a definite pitch can be notated with a specialist rhythm or percussion-clef . The guitar also has a special "tab" staff. More often a bass clef is substituted for rhythm clef. Percussion instruments are classified by various criteria sometimes depending on their construction, ethnic origin, function within musical theory and orchestration, or their relative prevalence in common knowledge. The word percussion derives from

594-420: A "live" sound. Recordings, including live, may contain editing, sound effects, voice adjustments, etc. With modern recording technology , artists can be recorded in separate rooms or at separate times while listening to the other parts using headphones ; with each part recorded as a separate track . Album covers and liner notes are used, and sometimes additional information is provided, such as analysis of

693-458: A brown heavy paper sleeve with a large hole in the center so the record's label could be seen. The fragile records were stored on their sides. By the mid-1920s, photo album publishers sold collections of empty sleeves of heavier paper in bound volumes with stiff covers slightly larger than the 10" popular records. (Classical records measured 12".) On the paper cover in small type were the words "Record Album". Now records could be stored vertically with

792-412: A collection of pieces or songs on a single record was called an "album"; the word was extended to other recording media such as compact disc, MiniDisc , compact audio cassette, 8-track tape and digital albums as they were introduced. An album (Latin albus , white), in ancient Rome, was a board chalked or painted white, on which decrees, edicts, and other public notices were inscribed in black. It

891-403: A compilation of songs created by any average listener of music. The songs on a mixtape generally relate to one another in some way, whether it be a conceptual theme or an overall sound. After the introduction of Compact discs, the term "Mixtape" began to apply to any personal compilation of songs on any given format. The sales of Compact Cassettes eventually began to decline in the 1990s, after

990-424: A current or former member of a musical group which is released under that artist's name only, even though some or all other band members may be involved. The solo album appeared as early as the late 1940s. A 1947 Billboard magazine article heralded " Margaret Whiting huddling with Capitol execs over her first solo album on which she will be backed by Frank De Vol ". There is no formal definition setting forth

1089-561: A customer buys a whole album rather than just one or two songs from the artist. The song is not necessarily free nor is it available as a stand-alone download, adding also to the incentive to buy the complete album. In contrast to hidden tracks , bonus tracks are included on track listings and usually do not have a gap of silence between other album tracks. Bonus tracks on CD or vinyl albums are common in Japan for releases by European and North American artists; since importing international copies of

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1188-429: A distinctive sound. It is not uncommon to discuss percussion instruments in relation to their cultural origin. This led to a division between instruments considered common or modern, and folk instruments with significant history or purpose within a geographic region or culture. This category includes instruments that are widely available and popular throughout the world: The percussionist uses various objects to strike

1287-460: A half minutes when Ribeiro's spoken word vocals suddenly enter. After a second organ solo from Lemoine, the opening theme returns and Ribeiro accompanies it wordlessly. The closing portion of the song "resembles doom metal in its descending bassline and Ribeiro’s spectral vocals." As the track approaches 16 minutes, the song ends with a crescendo . "Un jour... la mort" is about meeting a female personification of death . Described by Mojo as

1386-412: A music that’s truly quite unlike anything else". He said that on Paix , Ribeiro and Moullet had "seemingly perfected their chemistry and distilled it into four spectral hymns which slowly evolve from basic psych-rock invocations into a sun-bleached beckoning of the heavens". Along with the band's two previous albums, Nº2 and Âme debout , Paix was remastered and reissued by Anthology Recordings in

1485-423: A pivotal role. In military marching bands and pipes and drums , it is the beat of the bass drum that keeps the soldiers in step and at a regular speed, and it is the snare that provides that crisp, decisive air to the tune of a regiment. In classic jazz, one almost immediately thinks of the distinctive rhythm of the hi-hats or the ride cymbal when the word-swing is spoken. In more recent popular-music culture, it

1584-430: A review for AllMusic , Rolf Semprebon simply described Paix as "one of Catherine Ribeiro's more intense recordings." He noted the band's less folk -inclined, more space rock -leaning sound and cited "Paix" and "Un jour... la mort" as containing "some of Ribeiro's more gutsy and emotional singing (especially on 'Paix,' where at some places she is practically screaming )." He concludes by saying that her second album Nº2

1683-470: A single artist, genre or period, a single artist covering the songs of various artists or a single artist, genre or period, or any variation of an album of cover songs which is marketed as a "tribute". Percussion instrument The percussion section of an orchestra most commonly contains instruments such as the timpani , snare drum , bass drum , tambourine , belonging to the membranophones, and cymbals and triangle , which are idiophones. However,

1782-522: A single case, or a triple album containing three LPs or compact discs. Recording artists who have an extensive back catalogue may re-release several CDs in one single box with a unified design, often containing one or more albums (in this scenario, these releases can sometimes be referred to as a "two (or three)-fer"), or a compilation of previously unreleased recordings. These are known as box sets . Some musical artists have also released more than three compact discs or LP records of new recordings at once, in

1881-433: A solo album for several reasons. A solo performer working with other members will typically have full creative control of the band, be able to hire and fire accompanists, and get the majority of the proceeds. The performer may be able to produce songs that differ widely from the sound of the band with which the performer has been associated, or that the group as a whole chose not to include in its own albums. Graham Nash of

1980-566: A sticker on the cover stating " Les textes de ces chansons n'engagent que leur auteur " ( lit.   ' The texts of these songs engage only their author ' ). Ribeiro resented the content disclaimer , saying, "It's terrible to have done this to me." Paix was released shortly after the band performed to 4,000 people at the Cathedral of St. Gudula in Brussels . The album achieved considerably more commercial success upon release than

2079-414: A studio. However, the common understanding of a "live album" is one that was recorded at a concert with a public audience, even when the recording is overdubbed or multi-tracked. Concert or stage performances are recorded using remote recording techniques. Albums may be recorded at a single concert , or combine recordings made at multiple concerts. They may include applause, laughter and other noise from

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2178-406: A theme such as the "greatest hits" from one artist, B-sides and rarities by one artist, or selections from a record label , a musical genre , a certain time period, or a regional music scene. Promotional sampler albums are compilations. A tribute or cover album is a compilation of cover versions of songs or instrumental compositions. Its concept may involve various artists covering the songs of

2277-516: A trend of shifting sales in the music industry , some observers feel that the early 21st century experienced the death of the album . An album may contain any number of tracks. In the United States, The Recording Academy 's rules for Grammy Awards state that an album must comprise a minimum total playing time of 15 minutes with at least five distinct tracks or a minimum total playing time of 30 minutes with no minimum track requirement. In

2376-484: A vocal performance." Paix was first issued on CD in 1993 when it was licensed by Universal Music Group to the independent label Mantra. In 2015, Paix was included on a 9- CD box set of Ribeiro + Alpes' work issued by Mercury Records . Fact magazine writer Mikey IQ Jones reviewed Âme debout and Paix upon their 2016 reissue, evaluating them as "masterpieces" and "cornerstones of international psychedelia , ably shifting between genres and song forms into

2475-430: A way of promoting the album. Albums have been issued that are compilations of older tracks not originally released together, such as singles not originally found on albums, b-sides of singles, or unfinished " demo " recordings. Double albums during the seventies were sometimes sequenced for record changers . In the case of a two-record set, for example, sides 1 and 4 would be stamped on one record, and sides 2 and 3 on

2574-441: Is "just as good but almost impossible to track down, so Paix is probably the best place to start." Conversely, Joseph Neff of The Vinyl District observed that "Instead of faltering into repetitive stylistic patterns, Paix adjusts and integrates new elements, and pulls off a rarity; a third LP that betters it predecessors." He further remarked that Ribeiro's creativity on the album's longer tracks "underscores her stature as one of

2673-437: Is almost impossible to name three or four rock, hip-hop, rap, funk or even soul charts or songs that do not have some sort of percussive beat keeping the tune in time. Because of the diversity of percussive instruments, it is not uncommon to find large musical ensembles composed entirely of percussion. Rhythm, melody, and harmony are all represented in these ensembles. Music for pitched percussion instruments can be notated on

2772-580: Is any vocal content. A track that has the same name as the album is called the title track. A bonus track (also known as a bonus cut or bonus) is a piece of music which has been included as an extra. This may be done as a marketing promotion, or for other reasons. It is not uncommon to include singles, B-sides , live recordings , and demo recordings as bonus tracks on re-issues of old albums, where those tracks were not originally included. Online music stores allow buyers to create their own albums by selecting songs themselves; bonus tracks may be included if

2871-427: Is commonly referred to as "the backbone" or "the heartbeat" of a musical ensemble , often working in close collaboration with bass instruments, when present. In jazz and other popular music ensembles, the pianist, bassist, drummer and sometimes the guitarist are referred to as the rhythm section . Most classical pieces written for full orchestra since the time of Haydn and Mozart are orchestrated to place emphasis on

2970-421: Is difficult to define what is common knowledge but there are instruments percussionists and composers use in contemporary music that most people would not consider musical instruments . It is worthwhile to try to distinguish between instruments based on their acceptance or consideration by a general audience. For example, most people would not consider an anvil , a brake drum (on a vehicle with drum brakes ,

3069-589: Is discernible. Percussion instruments in this group are sometimes referred to as pitched or tuned. Examples of percussion instruments with definite pitch: Instruments in this group are sometimes referred to as non-pitched, unpitched, or untuned. Traditionally these instruments are thought of as making a sound that contains such complex frequencies that no discernible pitch can be heard. In fact many traditionally unpitched instruments, such as triangles and even cymbals, have also been produced as tuned sets. Examples of percussion instruments with indefinite pitch: It

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3168-822: Is generally considered by critics to be the best album in Alpes' catalogue. Paix was met with relative critical and commercial success upon release. As with Ribeiro's other albums, it became recognized as a cult album due to Ribeiro's distinct voice and lyrics, as well as its relative scarcity. In 2018, the album was issued for the first time in the United States, where it was well-received by critics and lauded among followers of niche folk scenes. Catherine Ribeiro 's second album with Alpes , Âme debout (1971), showed her music "grow[ing] more disciplined and more boundless", according to Pitchfork 's Sam Sodomsky. The album still featured folk ballads (such as "Diborowska" and "Dingue") as their previous records had, but it also showcased

3267-555: Is not necessarily just in MP3 file format, in which higher quality formats such as FLAC and WAV can be used on storage media that MP3 albums reside on, such as CD-R-ROMs , hard drives , flash memory (e.g. thumbdrives , MP3 players , SD cards ), etc. The contents of the album are usually recorded in a studio or live in concert, though may be recorded in other locations, such as at home (as with JJ Cale's Okie , Beck's Odelay , David Gray's White Ladder , and others), in

3366-500: Is produced by a stream of air being blown through the object. However, plosive aerophones , such as the udu , are percussion instruments and may also overlap with the idiophone family. In certain situations, such as in an orchestra or wind ensemble , wind instruments, such as the Acme siren or various whistles , are played by percussionists, owing to their unconventional and simple nature. When classifying instruments by function it

3465-402: Is recorded on both the "A" and "B" side of the tape, with cassette being "turned" to play the other side of the album. Compact Cassettes were also a popular way for musicians to record " Demos " or "Demo Tapes" of their music to distribute to various record labels, in the hopes of acquiring a recording contract . Compact cassettes also saw the creation of mixtapes , which are tapes containing

3564-440: Is useful to note if a percussion instrument makes a definite pitch or indefinite pitch . For example, some percussion instruments such as the marimba and timpani produce an obvious fundamental pitch and can therefore play melody and serve harmonic functions in music. Other instruments such as crash cymbals and snare drums produce sounds with such complex overtones and a wide range of prominent frequencies that no pitch

3663-501: Is widely seen as inadequate. Rather, it may be more informative to describe percussion instruments in regards to one or more of the following four paradigms: Many texts, including Teaching Percussion by Gary Cook of the University of Arizona, begin by studying the physical characteristics of instruments and the methods by which they can produce sound. This is perhaps the most scientifically pleasing assignment of nomenclature whereas

3762-520: The iPod , US album sales dropped 54.6% from 2001 to 2009. The CD is a digital data storage device which permits digital recording technology to be used to record and play-back the recorded music. Most recently, the MP3 audio format has matured, revolutionizing the concept of digital storage. Early MP3 albums were essentially CD-rips created by early CD- ripping software, and sometimes real-time rips from cassettes and vinyl. The so-called "MP3 album"

3861-481: The strings , woodwinds , and brass . However, often at least one pair of timpani is included, though they rarely play continuously. Rather, they serve to provide additional accents when needed. In the 18th and 19th centuries, other percussion instruments (like the triangle or cymbals ) have been used, again generally sparingly. The use of percussion instruments became more frequent in the 20th century classical music. In almost every style of music, percussion plays

3960-513: The "Top 25 Rock Reissues of 2018", behind the Beatles ' self-titled double album and Liz Phair 's Exile in Guyville . The album also received "best reissue" acclaim from Pitchfork , The A.V. Club , and Treble . All lyrics are written by Catherine Ribeiro , except "Roc alpin" by Patrice Moullet; all music is composed by Patrice Moullet. Side one Side two Credits adapted from

4059-524: The 1970s. Appraising the concept in Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies (1981), Robert Christgau said most "are profit-taking recaps marred by sound and format inappropriate to phonographic reproduction (you can't put sights, smells, or fellowship on audio tape). But for Joe Cocker and Bette Midler and Bob-Dylan -in-the-arena, the form makes a compelling kind of sense." Among

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4158-443: The 25-minute mark. The album Dopesmoker by Sleep contains only a single track, but the composition is over 63 minutes long. There are no formal rules against artists such as Pinhead Gunpowder referring to their own releases under thirty minutes as "albums". If an album becomes too long to fit onto a single vinyl record or CD, it may be released as a double album where two vinyl LPs or compact discs are packaged together in

4257-459: The French countryside preparing the material for what would become Paix . Eclectic in style, Paix has been described as folk , rock , psychedelia , progressive music , experimental music , and avant-garde music . Nonetheless, the album "remains hard to pin down" in genre terms, according to Impose magazine writer Trent Masterson, because "[i]t is extremely progressive in all aspects of

4356-496: The Hollies described his experience in developing a solo album as follows: "The thing that I go through that results in a solo album is an interesting process of collecting songs that can't be done, for whatever reason, by a lot of people". A solo album may also represent the departure of the performer from the group. A compilation album is a collection of material from various recording projects or various artists, assembled with

4455-455: The Latin verb percussio to beat, strike in the musical sense, and the noun percussus , a beating. As a noun in contemporary English, Wiktionary describes it as the collision of two bodies to produce a sound. The term is not unique to music, but has application in medicine and weaponry, as in percussion cap . However, all known uses of percussion appear to share a similar lineage beginning with

4554-591: The United Kingdom, the criteria for the UK Albums Chart is that a recording counts as an "album" if it either has more than four tracks or lasts more than 25 minutes. Sometimes shorter albums are referred to as mini-albums or EPs . Albums such as Tubular Bells , Amarok , and Hergest Ridge by Mike Oldfield , and Yes's Close to the Edge , include fewer than four tracks, but still surpass

4653-457: The United States on 14 September 2018. The three LPs were released both individually and together as a deluxe silk-screened box set with a 56-page book featuring photographs from Ribeiro’s personal collection. The reissue marked the first time the albums were released in the US. In an interview with Vice , Ribeiro denounced the reissue, stating that, "I was happy [with the 2015 Alpes box set], that

4752-413: The album can be cheaper than buying a domestically released version, Japanese releases often feature bonus tracks to incentivize domestic purchase. Commercial sheet music is published in conjunction with the release of a new album (studio, compilation, soundtrack, etc.). A matching folio songbook is a compilation of the music notation of all the songs included in that particular album. It typically has

4851-526: The album's artwork on its cover and, in addition to sheet music, it includes photos of the artist. Most pop and rock releases come in standard Piano/Vocal/Guitar notation format (and occasionally Easy Piano / E-Z Play Today). Rock-oriented releases may also come in Guitar Recorded Versions edition, which are note-for-note transcriptions written directly from artist recordings. Vinyl LP records have two sides, each comprising one-half of

4950-511: The album. If a pop or rock album contained tracks released separately as commercial singles , they were conventionally placed in particular positions on the album. During the sixties, particularly in the UK, singles were generally released separately from albums. Today, many commercial albums of music tracks feature one or more singles, which are released separately to radio, TV or the Internet as

5049-424: The amount of participation a band member can solicit from other members of their band, and still have the album referred to as a solo album. One reviewer wrote that Ringo Starr 's third venture, Ringo , "[t]echnically... wasn't a solo album because all four Beatles appeared on it". Three of the four members of the Beatles released solo albums while the group was officially still together. A performer may record

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5148-510: The audience, comments by the performers between pieces, improvisation, and so on. They may use multitrack recording direct from the stage sound system (rather than microphones placed among the audience), and can employ additional manipulation and effects during post-production to enhance the quality of the recording. Notable early live albums include the double album of Benny Goodman , The Famous 1938 Carnegie Hall Jazz Concert , released in 1950. Live double albums later became popular during

5247-546: The background on either side of a tree bearing the group's name and album title. The text is written in the Camellia typeface by Letraset , with the long band name using the font's narrow glyphs and the short album title using its wide forms. The cover photo was taken by French music photographer Jean-Pierre Leloir  [ fr ] , while the album's gatefold artwork was anonymously credited to "X...". As with all of Ribeiro's albums, Philips Records issued Paix with

5346-406: The best selling live albums are Eric Clapton 's Unplugged (1992), selling over 26 million copies, Garth Brooks ' Double Live (1998), over 21 million copies, and Peter Frampton 's Frampton Comes Alive! (1976), over 11 million copies. In Rolling Stone ' s 500 Greatest Albums of All Time , 18 albums were live albums. A solo album , in popular music , is an album recorded by

5445-600: The circular hub the brake shoes press against), or a fifty-five gallon oil barrel musical instruments yet composers and percussionists use these objects. Percussion instruments generally fall into the following categories: One pre-20th century example of found percussion is the use of cannon usually loaded with blank charges in Tchaikovsky 's 1812 Overture . John Cage , Harry Partch , Edgard Varèse , and Peter Schickele , all noted composers, created entire pieces of music using unconventional instruments. Beginning in

5544-407: The cosmophone and the percuphone, instruments invented by bandleader Patrice Moullet  [ fr ] . The cosmophone is a 24-string instrument , resembling a lyre , that can be played with either picking or bowing , while the percuphone is a percussion instrument that produces rhythms by repeatedly striking a bass string using a small motor. Jean-Sebastien Lemoine was made operator of

5643-499: The early 20th century perhaps with Ionisation by Edgard Varèse which used air-raid sirens among other things, composers began to require that percussionists invent or find objects to produce desired sounds and textures. Another example the use of a hammer and saw in Penderecki 's De Natura Sonoris No. 2 . By the late 20th century, such instruments were common in modern percussion ensemble music and popular productions, such as

5742-624: The field – as with early blues recordings, in prison, or with a mobile recording unit such as the Rolling Stones Mobile Studio . Most albums are studio albums —that is, they are recorded in a recording studio with equipment meant to give those overseeing the recording as much control as possible over the sound of the album. They minimize external noises and reverberations and have highly sensitive microphones and sound mixing equipment. Band members may record their parts in separate rooms or at separate times, listening to

5841-430: The folk ballads away from the progressive instrumentals to hang separately as leaden entities" as they did on Âme debout , the music on Paix was "far more integrated" than the previous album. French pop magazine Vapeur Mauve described the musical style of Paix as "ambiguous ... soft but aggressive, on airs from progressive folk to ethno-freak tendencies." As with Alpes' previous works, Paix makes prominent use of

5940-500: The form of a prototype. Compact Cassettes became especially popular during the 1980s after the advent of the Sony Walkman , which allowed the person to control what they listened to. The Walkman was convenient because of its size, the device could fit in most pockets and often came equipped with a clip for belts or pants. The compact cassette used double-sided magnetic tape to distribute music for commercial sale. The music

6039-480: The form of boxed sets, although in that case the work is still usually considered to be an album. Material (music or sounds) is stored on an album in sections termed tracks. A music track (often simply referred to as a track) is an individual song or instrumental recording. The term is particularly associated with popular music where separate tracks are known as album tracks; the term is also used for other formats such as EPs and singles . When vinyl records were

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6138-500: The group's evolving style of progressive and experimental music , particularly with the series of tracks entitled "Alpes" at the center of the album. Âme debout was also the first Alpes album recorded after the inclusion of bassist Jean-Sebastian Lemoine's brother, organist Patrice Lemoine  [ fr ] (later a member of Gong ). Throughout 1972, Ribeiro, who had been listening to very little music in order to focus on her own writing, spent many hours rehearsing with Alpes in

6237-475: The group's previous albums; it sold 50,000 copies, five times as many as their debut Nº2 had sold. In an early 1973 issue of the French rock magazine Pop 2000  [ fr ] , critic Alain Lemaire proclaimed Paix to be "a sensational album, further proof of the immense talent of Catherine + Alpes." In March, the magazine published its year-end readers' poll for 1972, which ranked Catherine Ribeiro as

6336-544: The hand or by a percussion mallet , such as the hang , gongs and the xylophone , but not drums and only some cymbals . 21 Struck drums , includes most types of drum, such as the timpani, snare drum, and tom-tom. 412.12 Percussion reeds , a class of wind instrument unrelated to percussion in the more common sense There are many instruments that have some claim to being percussion, but are classified otherwise: Percussion instruments are sometimes classified as pitched or unpitched. While valid, this classification

6435-588: The later '30s, record companies began releasing albums of previously released recordings of popular music in albums organized by performer, singers or bands, or by type of music, boogie-woogie , for example. When Columbia introduced the Long Playing record format in 1948, it was natural the term album would continue. Columbia expected that the record size distinction in 78s would continue, with classical music on 12" records and popular music on 10" records, and singles on 78s. Columbia's first popular 10" LP in fact

6534-492: The longer 12-inch 78s, playing around 4–5 minutes per side. For example, in 1924, George Gershwin recorded a drastically shortened version of his new seventeen-minute composition Rhapsody in Blue with Paul Whiteman and His Orchestra. The recording was issued on both sides of a single record, Victor 55225 and ran for 8m 59s. By 1910, though some European record companies had issued albums of complete operas and other works,

6633-419: The membrane or head is struck with a hand, mallet, stick, beater, or improvised tool. Examples of membranophones: Most instruments known as chordophones are defined as string instruments , wherein their sound is derived from the vibration of a string, but some such as these examples also fall under percussion instruments. Most instruments known as aerophones are defined as wind instruments whereby sound

6732-483: The mid-1930s, record companies had adopted the album format for classical music selections that were longer than the roughly eight minutes that fit on both sides of a classical 12" 78 rpm record. Initially the covers were plain, with the name of the selection and performer in small type. In 1938, Columbia Records hired the first graphic designer in the business to design covers, others soon followed and colorful album covers cover became an important selling feature. By

6831-487: The mid-1960s to the late 1970s when the Compact Cassette format took over. The format is regarded as an obsolete technology, and was relatively unknown outside the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada and Australia. Stereo 8 was created in 1964 by a consortium led by Bill Lear of Lear Jet Corporation , along with Ampex , Ford Motor Company , General Motors , Motorola , and RCA Victor Records . It

6930-455: The next section by a sudden rise of acoustic guitar strumming followed by more wordless vocals from Ribeiro, interluded with Patrice Lemoine's organ. The middle section of "Un jour... la mort" begins with a rattling percuphone groove . Moullet joins in with his cosmophone, now playing it with a bow . This is followed by a lengthy instrumental passage featuring an organ solo and swirling layers of microtonal piano lines. The final section of

7029-408: The off-Broadway show, Stomp . Rock band Aerosmith used a number of unconventional instruments in their song Sweet Emotion , including shotguns , brooms, and a sugar bag. The metal band Slipknot is well known for playing unusual percussion items, having two percussionists in the band. Along with deep sounding drums, their sound includes hitting baseball bats and other objects on beer kegs to create

7128-413: The original LP's liner notes . Alpes Production Studio album An album is a collection of audio recordings (e.g., music ) issued on a medium such as compact disc (CD), vinyl (record), audio tape (like 8-track or cassette ), or digital . Albums of recorded sound were developed in the early 20th century as individual 78 rpm records (78s) collected in a bound book resembling

7227-459: The original Latin percussus. In a musical context then, the percussion instruments may have been originally coined to describe a family of musical instruments including drums, rattles, metal plates, or blocks that musicians beat or struck to produce sound. The Hornbostel–Sachs system has no high-level section for percussion . Most percussion instruments as the term is normally understood are classified as idiophones and membranophones . However

7326-436: The other paradigms are more dependent on historical or social circumstances. Based on observation and experimentation, one can determine how an instrument produces sound and then assign the instrument to one of the following four categories: "Idiophones produce sounds through the vibration of their entire body." Examples of idiophones: Most objects commonly known as drums are membranophones. Membranophones produce sound when

7425-443: The other parts of the track with headphones to keep the timing right. In the 2000s, with the advent of digital recording , it became possible for musicians to record their part of a song in another studio in another part of the world, and send their contribution over digital channels to be included in the final product. Recordings that are done in one take without overdubbing or multi-tracking are termed "live", even when done in

7524-414: The other. The user would stack the two records onto the spindle of an automatic record changer, with side 1 on the bottom and side 2 (on the other record) on top. Side 1 would automatically drop onto the turntable and be played. When finished, the tone arm's position would trigger a mechanism which moved the arm out of the way, dropped the record with side 2, and played it. When both records had been played,

7623-421: The percuphone on Paix , forming the one-man rhythm section that would help define the band's unique dynamics on the album. "Roc alpin" is an upbeat instrumental with non-lexical vocals from Ribeiro. Moullet's cosmophone backs Patrice Lemoine's organ, except during the bridge when it switches to playing a lead line. It is the only track to feature Michel Santangelli on drums, with the percuphone providing

7722-464: The practice of issuing albums was not widely taken up by American record companies until the 1920s. By about 1910, bound collections of empty sleeves with a paperboard or leather cover, similar to a photograph album, were sold as record albums that customers could use to store their records (the term "record album" was printed on some covers). These albums came in both 10-inch and 12-inch sizes. The covers of these bound books were wider and taller than

7821-406: The primary medium for audio recordings a track could be identified visually from the grooves and many album covers or sleeves included numbers for the tracks on each side. On a compact disc the track number is indexed so that a player can jump straight to the start of any track. On digital music stores such as iTunes the term song is often used interchangeably with track regardless of whether there

7920-404: The record industry as a standard format for the "album". Apart from relatively minor refinements and the important later addition of stereophonic sound capability, it has remained the standard format for vinyl albums. The term "album" was extended to other recording media such as 8-track tape , cassette tape , compact disc , MiniDisc , and digital albums, as they were introduced. As part of

8019-623: The record not touching the shelf, and the term was applied to the collection. In the early nineteenth century, "album" was occasionally used in the titles of some classical music sets, such as Robert Schumann 's Album for the Young Opus 68, a set of 43 short pieces. With the advent of 78 rpm records in the early 1900s, the typical 10-inch disc could only hold about three minutes of sound per side, so almost all popular recordings were limited to around three minutes in length. Classical-music and spoken-word items generally were released on

8118-451: The recording, and lyrics or librettos . Historically, the term "album" was applied to a collection of various items housed in a book format. In musical usage, the word was used for collections of short pieces of printed music from the early nineteenth century. Later, collections of related 78s were bundled in book-like albums (one side of a 78 rpm record could hold only about 3.5 minutes of sound). When LP records were introduced,

8217-497: The records inside, allowing the record album to be placed on a shelf upright, like a book, suspending the fragile records above the shelf and protecting them. In the 1930s, record companies began issuing collections of 78s by one performer or of one type of music in specially assembled albums, typically with artwork on the front cover and liner notes on the back or inside cover. Most albums included three or four records, with two sides each, making six or eight compositions per album. By

8316-452: The release and distribution Compact Discs . The 2010s saw a revival of Compact Cassettes by independent record labels and DIY musicians who preferred the format because of its difficulty to share over the internet . The compact disc format replaced both the vinyl record and the cassette as the standard for the commercial mass-market distribution of physical music albums. After the introduction of music downloading and MP3 players such as

8415-462: The rest of the album's percussion. The song was also released as a single . "Jusqu'à ce que la force de t'aimer me manque" is a love song that anticipates elements of dream pop , specifically its acoustic guitar riffing and its harmonization of Ribeiro's vocal lines with Patrice Lemoine's organ. "Paix" begins with a slow fade in of a droning Farfisa organ part accompanied by a driving percuphone rhythm. Writer Jean-Marc Grosdemouge likened

8514-791: The section can also contain aerophones, such as whistles and sirens , or a blown conch shell. Percussive techniques can even be applied to the human body itself, as in body percussion . On the other hand, keyboard instruments , such as the celesta , are not normally part of the percussion section, but keyboard percussion instruments such as the glockenspiel and xylophone (which do not have piano keyboards) are included. Percussion instruments are most commonly divided into two classes: pitched percussion instruments, which produce notes with an identifiable pitch , and unpitched percussion instruments, which produce notes or sounds in an indefinite pitch. Percussion instruments may play not only rhythm , but also melody and harmony . Percussion

8613-538: The song is a coda, beginning with a solo acoustic guitar and ending with "jarring caws, thematic organ positions and patiently plonking bass" backing Ribeiro's vocals. Paix 's front cover, like nearly all of Alpes' albums, features the group outdoors in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence region of Southern France . Ribeiro and Moullet are shown sitting in the foreground while the Lemoine brothers stand in

8712-534: The song to Maurice Ravel 's Boléro as another composition "branded by its rhythm." Moullet's cosmophone enters, after which a descending, hymnal theme is introduced and repeated throughout much of the song. The song's introduction also includes an organ solo performed by Patrice Lemoine  [ fr ] which Wimpfheimer noted bears a resemblance to Mike Ratledge 's coda on "Song for Insane Times" by Kevin Ayers . The intro persists for approximately five and

8811-415: The tenth best female singer in the world for that year. In April, Belgian magazine Beurk named Paix their "LP of the month". Among Ribeiro's other albums, Paix developed a cult following drawn to Ribeiro's distinctive vocal performance and her enigmatic lyrics. The album remained out of print for a long time; however, Sodomsky notes that the album's "legend" was "due in part to [its] scarcity." In

8910-685: The term percussion is instead used at lower-levels of the Hornbostel–Sachs hierarchy, including to identify instruments struck with either a non sonorous object hand, stick, striker or against a non-sonorous object human body , the ground. This is opposed to concussion , which refers to instruments with two or more complementary sonorous parts that strike against each other and other meanings. For example: 111.1 Concussion idiophones or clappers , played in pairs and beaten against each other, such as zills and clapsticks . 111.2 Percussion idiophones , includes many percussion instruments played with

9009-496: The underground ’s finest vocalists." In April 2022, Spin magazine ranked Paix at number 31 on their list of "The 50 Best Albums of 1972". Mojo included the album in their list of "1972 Nuggets"; contributor Andrew Male described it as "the sound of coming European upheaval, pleases for love expressed in violence and anger". Singer-songwriter Marissa Nadler has cited Paix as one of her biggest inspirations and described it as "an entrancing psychedelic journey and one hell of

9108-464: The user would pick up the stack, turn it over, and put them back on the spindle—sides 3 and 4 would then play in sequence. Record changers were used for many years of the LP era, but eventually fell out of use. 8-track tape (formally Stereo 8: commonly known as the eight-track cartridge, eight-track tape, or simply eight-track) is a magnetic tape sound recording technology popular in the United States from

9207-554: The word"; for that reason, it "does not neatly fit into any specific genre nor is it easily comparable to any other album." In terms of the band's own trajectory, Masterson felt that the album was an amalgam of the band's early sound—a fusion of "rural psychedelia" and progressive rock —combined with "some hints of burgeoning genres, such as space rock , chamber pop and even punk (the 'punk' aspect being Ribeiro's unforgiving vocal deliveries in part)." Seth Wimpfheimer, writing for Head Heritage , observed that "[i]nstead of partitioning

9306-592: Was Frank Sinatra's first album, the four-record eight-song The Voice of Frank Sinatra , originally issued in 1946. RCA's introduction of the smaller 45 rpm format later in 1948 disrupted Columbia's expectations. By the mid-1950s, 45s dominated the singles market and 12" LPs dominated the album market and both 78s and 10" LPs were discontinued. In the 1950s albums of popular music were also issued on 45s, sold in small heavy paper-covered "gate-fold" albums with multiple discs in sleeves or in sleeves in small boxes. This format disappeared around 1960. Sinatra's "The Voice"

9405-548: Was a further development of the similar Stereo-Pak four-track cartridge created by Earl "Madman" Muntz . A later quadraphonic version of the format was announced by RCA in April 1970 and first known as Quad-8, then later changed to just Q8. The Compact Cassette was a popular medium for distributing pre-recorded music from the early 1970s to the early 2000s. The first "Compact Cassette" was introduced by Philips in August 1963 in

9504-467: Was enough for me. Now there is again a scam with Universal in the United States. This little box, Anthology Recordings, bought the rights to three of our records for $ 5.89 each! Universal didn't tell me, it's absolutely disgusting." Despite this sentiment from Ribeiro, the reissue was lauded by followers of "free-folk" and other niche folk scenes, helping to reinforce an already cult status. Music critic Richie Unterberger ranked Paix number 3 on his list of

9603-414: Was from this that in medieval and modern times, album came to denote a book of blank pages in which verses, autographs, sketches, photographs and the like are collected. This in turn led to the modern meaning of an album as a collection of audio recordings issued as a single item. The first audio albums were actually published by the publishers of photograph albums. Single 78 rpm records were sold in

9702-399: Was issued in 1952 on two extended play 45s, with two songs on each side, in both packagings. The 10-inch and 12-inch LP record (long play), or 33 + 1 ⁄ 3   rpm microgroove vinyl record, is a gramophone record format introduced by Columbia Records in 1948. A single LP record often had the same or similar number of tunes as a typical album of 78s, and it was adopted by

9801-446: Was the first tape format widely used alongside vinyl from 1965 until being phased out by 1983, being gradually supplanted by the cassette tape throughout the 1970s and early 1980s; the popularity of the cassette reached its peak during the late 1980s before sharply declining during the 1990s. The cassette had largely disappeared by the first decade of the 2000s. Most albums are recorded in a studio , although they may also be recorded in

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