Misplaced Pages

#292707

40-564: Palazzo Della Rovere (Palace of the Della Rovere family) is a palace in Rome , Italy , facing Via della Conciliazione . It is also known as Palazzo dei Penitenzieri . The construction of the palace was started in 1480 by cardinal Domenico della Rovere , a relative of Pope Sixtus IV della Rovere , perhaps under the design of the Florentine architect Baccio Pontelli . The palazzo

80-654: A book on The Portland Vase. Pietro Bartoli indicates that the vase contained the ashes of the Roman Emperor. However, this together with the interpretations of the scenes depicted on it are the source of countless theories and disputed 'facts'. The vase remained in the Barberini family collection for some 150 years before passing through the hands of Sir William Hamilton Ambassador to the Royal Court in Naples. It

120-518: A new pope; namely Laudivio Zacchia . When Urban VIII travelled to Castel Gandolfo to rest, the members of the Spanish faction met in secret and discussed ways to advance their plan. But they were discovered and the pope raced back to Rome where he immediately held a consistory and demanded to know who the new pope was. To put an end to the conspiracy, the pope decreed that all Cardinal-Bishops should leave Rome and return to their own churches. With

160-680: A palace in Rome, which he made into a luxurious Renaissance residence . Pope Paul V also later employed Barberini in a similar capacity, afterwards raising him, in 1606, to the order of the Cardinal-Priest , with the titular church of San Pietro in Montorio and appointing him as a papal legate of Bologna . Barberini was considered someone who could be elected as pope, though there were those such as Cardinal Ottavio Bandini who worked to prevent it. Despite this, throughout 29–30 July,

200-470: A papal bull, the document was not filed as such and was more than likely an encyclical ; Pope Benedict XIII eventually abrogated the tobacco ban, preferring other methods to ensuring the cleanliness of church facilities. Urban VIII canonized five saints during his pontificate: Stephen Harding (1623), Elizabeth of Portugal and Conrad of Piacenza (1625), Peter Nolasco (1628), and Andrea Corsini (1629). The pope also beatified 68 individuals, including

240-632: Is enshrined at the sacristy of St. Peter's Basilica . The coronation took place on 1631 making it as the first coronation in the world. The pope created 74 cardinals in eight consistories throughout his pontificate, and this included his nephews Francesco and Antonio , cousin Lorenzo Magalotti , and the pope's own brother Antonio Marcello . He also created Giovanni Battista Pamphili as a cardinal, with Pamphili becoming his immediate successor, Pope Innocent X . The pope also created eight of those cardinals whom he had reserved in pectore . In

280-616: Is the huge Allegory of Divine Providence and Barberini Power painted by Pietro da Cortona on the ceiling of the large salon of the Palazzo Barberini. Another such acquisition, in a vast collection, was the purchase of the 'Barberini vase'. This was allegedly found at the mausoleum of the Roman Emperor Severus Alexander and his family at Monte Del Grano. The discovery of the vase is described by Pietro Santi Bartoli and referenced on page 28 of

320-509: The Duchy of Urbino in 1504, this through the intercession of Julius II. In 1508, Francesco Maria inherited the duchy thereby starting the line of Rovere Dukes of Urbino. That dynasty ended in 1626 when Pope Urban VIII incorporated Urbino into the papal dominions . As compensation to the last sovereign duke, the title only could be continued by Francesco Maria II , and after his death by his heir, Federico Ubaldo . Vittoria , last descendant of

360-728: The Duchy of Urbino was incorporated into the Papal dominions, and, in 1627, when the direct male line of the Gonzagas in Mantua became extinct, he controversially favoured the succession of the Duke Charles of Nevers against the claims of the Habsburgs . He also launched the Wars of Castro in 1641 against Odoardo Farnese , Duke of Parma and Piacenza , whom he excommunicated . Castro

400-599: The Martyrs of Nagasaki (1627). He also issued the papal bulls of canonization for Ignatius of Loyola (founder of the Society of Jesus , "Jesuits") and Francis Xavier (also a Jesuit), who had been canonized by his predecessor, Pope Gregory XV. Pope Urban VIII is also known as the first pope who granted a canonical coronation towards a Marian icon. The first icon that was crowned was the La Madonna della Febbre which

440-478: The Thirty Years' War (1618-1648), and was an eventful one, even by the standards of the day. Despite an early friendship and encouragement for his teachings, Urban VIII was responsible for summoning the scientist and astronomer Galileo to Rome in 1633 to recant his work. Urban VIII was opposed to Copernican heliocentrism and he ordered Galileo's second trial after the publication of Dialogue Concerning

SECTION 10

#1732790862293

480-411: The Spanish plan having failed, by 1640 the debt had reached 35 million scudi, consuming more than 80% of annual papal income in interest repayments. Urban VIII's death on 29 July 1644 is said to have been hastened by chagrin at the result of the Wars of Castro . Because of the costs incurred by the city of Rome to finance this war, Urban VIII became immensely unpopular with his subjects. On his death,

520-580: The Two Chief World Systems , in which Urban's point of view is argued by the character "Simplicio". Urban VIII practiced nepotism on a grand scale; various members of his family were enormously enriched by him, so that it seemed to contemporaries as if he were establishing a Barberini dynasty. He elevated his brother Antonio Marcello Barberini (Antonio the Elder) and then his nephews Francesco Barberini and Antonio Barberini (Antonio

560-496: The Venetian envoy, wrote the following description of him: The new Pontiff is 56 years old. His Holiness is tall, dark, with regular features and black hair turning grey. He is exceptionally elegant and refined in all details of his dress; has a graceful and aristocratic bearing and exquisite taste. He is an excellent speaker and debater, writes verses and patronises poets and men of letters. Urban VIII's papacy covered 21 years of

600-674: The Younger) to Cardinal . He also bestowed upon their brother, Taddeo Barberini , the titles Prince of Palestrina , Gonfalonier of the Church , Prefect of Rome and Commander of Sant'Angelo . Historian Leopold von Ranke estimated that during his reign, Urban VIII's immediate family amassed 105 million scudi in personal wealth. Urban VIII was a skilled writer of Latin verse, and a collection of scriptural paraphrases as well as original hymns of his composition have been frequently reprinted. The 1638 papal bull Commissum Nobis protected

640-636: The bust of Urban VIII that lay beside the Palace of the Conservators on the Capitoline Hill was rapidly destroyed by an enraged crowd, and only a quick-thinking priest saved the sculpture of the late pope belonging to the Jesuits from a similar fate. Following his death, international and domestic machinations resulted in the papal conclave not electing Cardinal Giulio Cesare Sacchetti , who

680-512: The cardinals began an intense series of negotiations to test the numbers as to who could emerge from the conclave as pope, with Cardinal Ludovico Ludovisi dismissing Barberini's chances as long as Barberini remained a close ally of Cardinal Scipione Borghese , whose faction Barberini supported. Ludovisi had discussions with Cardinals Odoardo Farnese , Carlo de' Medici and Ippolito Aldobrandini on 30 July about seeing to Barberini's election. The three supported his candidacy and went about securing

720-498: The city. Numerous members of Barberini's family also had their likeness caught in stone by Bernini, such as his brothers Carlo and Antonio . Urban also had rebuilt the Church of Santa Bibiana and the Church of San Sebastiano al Palatino on the Palatine Hill . The Barberini patronised painters such as Nicolas Poussin and Claude Lorrain . One of the most eulogistic of these artistic works in its celebration of his reign,

760-557: The decrees of Urban the Eighth, I declare that I have no intention of attributing any other than a purely human authority to the miracles, revelations, favours, and particular cases recorded in this book..." Urban VIII's military involvement was aimed less at the restoration of Catholicism in Europe than at adjusting the balance of power to favour his own independence in Italy . In 1626,

800-564: The della Rovere family (she was the only child of Federico Ubaldo), married Ferdinando II de' Medici , Grand Duke of Tuscany. They had two children: Cosimo III , Tuscany's longest reigning monarch, and Francesco Maria de' Medici , a prince of the Church . Among the many people who did not belong to this family, but bore the same name, are: and various artists, including: Pope Urban VIII Pope Urban VIII ( Latin : Urbanus VIII ; Italian : Urbano VIII ; baptised 5 April 1568 – 29 July 1644), born Maffeo Vincenzo Barberini ,

840-831: The existence of Jesuit missions in South America by forbidding the enslavement of natives who were at the Jesuit Reductions . At the same time, Urban VIII repealed the Jesuit monopoly on missionary work in China and Japan , opening these countries to missionaries of other orders and missionary societies. In response to complaints in the Diocese of Seville , Urban VIII issued the letter Cum Ecclesiae , dated 30 January 1642, that made use of tobacco in holy places punishable by excommunication. While often described as

SECTION 20

#1732790862293

880-528: The external painting, also representing fictive architecture, has survived. The most notable feature is the Semi-Gods Ceiling , a gallery of mythological and allegorical figures painted by Pinturicchio around 1490. In July 2023, archaeologists announced the discovery of the remains of the Theatre of Nero under the building's courtyard and gardens. Della Rovere Francesco Della Rovere

920-463: The fictional Grantville priest, Larry Mazzare, a cardinal), and in 1635: The Cannon Law , 1635: The Papal Stakes , and 1636: The Vatican Sanction . He is somewhat less favorably presented in Galileo's Dream by Kim Stanley Robinson . He is a sinister character in the radio play In Praise of Evil by David Pownall, first broadcast on BBC Radio in 2013. The play features an imaginary meeting between

960-471: The influence of his uncle, was able to secure from Pope Clement VIII appointment as a papal legate to the court of King Henry IV of France . In 1604, the same pope appointed him as the Archbishop of Nazareth , an office joined with that of Bishop of the suppressed Dioceses of Canne and Monteverde, with his residence at Barletta . At the death of his uncle, he inherited his riches, with which he bought

1000-410: The northeast corner. The name of Domenico della Rovere is written on the windows of the first floor, while the coat of arms on the façade is that of Pope Clement XIV . The interior has a court on two levels: a lower one with a portico featuring octagonal pillars and a pit, and an upper one with gardens. The palace has a rich internal decoration, the main rooms frescoed with fictive architecture. Part of

1040-506: The papacy's longstanding political and military influence in Europe . He was also an opponent of Copernicanism and was involved in the Galileo affair , which saw the astronomer tried for heresy. He is the last pope to date to take the pontifical name Urban . Maffeo Vincenzo Barberini was born in April 1568, the son of Antonio Barberini , a Florentine nobleman, and Camilla Barbadoro. He

1080-402: The papal bull Sanctissimus Dominus Noster of 13 March 1625, Urban instructed Catholics not to venerate the deceased or represent them in the manner of saints without Church sanction. It required a bishop's approval for the publication of private revelations. Since the nineteenth century, it has become common for books of popular devotion to carry a disclaimer. One read in part: "In obedience to

1120-513: The purposes of making cannon and the baldacchino in St Peter's, massive bronze girders were pillaged from the portico of the Pantheon leading to the well known lampoon: quod non fecerunt barbari, fecerunt Barberini, "what the barbarians did not do, the Barberini did." Urban VIII expended vast sums bringing polymaths like Athanasius Kircher to Rome and funding various substantial works by

1160-796: The sculptor and architect Bernini , from whom he had already commissioned Boy with a Dragon around 1617 and who was particularly favored during Urban VIII's reign. As well as several portrait busts of Urban , Urban commissioned Bernini to work on the family palace in Rome, the Palazzo Barberini , the college of the Propaganda Fide , the Fontana del Tritone in the Piazza Barberini , the baldacchino and cathedra in St Peter's Basilica and other prominent structures in

1200-399: The support of others, which led to Barberini's election just over a week later. On 6 August 1623, at the papal conclave following the death of Pope Gregory XV , Barberini was chosen as Gregory XV's successor and took the name Urban VIII. His coronation had to be postponed until 29 September 1623 since the new pontiff was ill at the time of his election. Upon Pope Urban VIII's election, Zeno,

1240-512: Was a massive increase in papal debt. Urban VIII inherited a debt of 16 million scudi , and by 1635 had increased it to 28 million. According to contemporary John Bargrave , in 1636 members of the Spanish faction of the College of Cardinals were so horrified by the conduct of Pope Urban VIII that they conspired to have him arrested and imprisoned (or killed) so that they could replace him with

Palazzo Della Rovere - Misplaced Pages Continue

1280-645: Was added during the reign of Pope Alexander VII , who moved here the confessors working in Saint Peter's Basilica, known as penitenzieri . It formerly housed the Hotel Columbus and it is still the headquarters of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre . The Four Seasons hotel chain is the new tenant of the palace. The building has a massive façade, inspired by that of Palazzo Venezia , with a tower on

1320-494: Was born at Barberino Val d'Elsa in "Tafania" house. His father died when he was only three years old and his mother took him to Rome , where he was put in the charge of his uncle, Francesco Barberini, an apostolic protonotary . At the age of 16, he became his uncle's heir. He was educated by the Society of Jesus ("Jesuits"), and received a doctorate of law from the University of Pisa in 1589. In 1601, Barberini, through

1360-760: Was born into a poor family in Liguria in north-west Italy in 1414, the son of Leonardo della Rovere of Savona . A Franciscan who became Minister General of his order, then cardinal, he had a reputation for unworldliness until he was elected pope in 1471. As Sixtus IV he was both wealthy and powerful, and at once set about giving power and wealth to his nephews of the Della Rovere and Riario families. Within months of his election, he had made Giuliano della Rovere (the future pope Julius II) and Pietro Riario both cardinals and bishops ; four other nephews were also made cardinals. He made Giovanni Della Rovere , who

1400-515: Was built between 1480 and 1490 on the south side of Piazza Scossacavalli , destroyed in 1937 together with the spina di Borgo; Pontelli modelled it closely on the architectural style of Palazzo Venezia , the most important building in 15th century Rome. Five halls of the piano nobile , with important frescoes and ceilings, are now the official reception rooms of the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem . The current name

1440-484: Was closely associated with some members of the Barberini family. Instead, it elected Cardinal Giovanni Battista Pamphili, who took the name of Innocent X , as his successor at the papal conclave of 1644 . Urban VIII is a recurring character in the Ring of Fire alternative history hypernovel by Eric Flint et al. where he is favorably portrayed. He is especially prominent in 1634: The Galileo Affair (in which he makes

1480-635: Was destroyed and its duchy incorporated into the Papal States. Urban VIII was the last pope to extend the Papal territory. He fortified Castelfranco Emilia on the Mantuan frontier and commissioned Vincenzo Maculani to fortify the Castel Sant'Angelo in Rome. Urban VIII also established an arsenal in the Vatican, an arms factory at Tivoli and fortified the harbour of Civitavecchia . For

1520-692: Was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 6 August 1623 to his death, in July 1644. As pope , he expanded the papal territory by force of arms and advantageous politicking, and was also a prominent patron of the arts, commissioning works from artists like Gian Lorenzo Bernini and a reformer of Church missions. His papacy also covered 21 years of the Thirty Years' War . The massive debts incurred during his pontificate greatly weakened his successors, who were unable to maintain

1560-619: Was later sold to the Duke of Portland , and has subsequently been known as the Portland Vase . Following catastrophic damage, this glass vase (1-25BC) has been reconstructed three times and resides in the British Museum . The Portland vase itself was borrowed and near copied by Josiah Wedgwood who appears to have added modesty drapery. The vase formed the basis of Jasperware . A consequence of these military and artistic endeavours

1600-521: Was not a priest, prefect of Rome , and arranged for him to marry into the da Montefeltro family, dukes of Urbino . Sixtus claimed descent from a noble Della Rovere family, the counts of Vinovo in Piemonte , and adopted their coat-of-arms . Guidobaldo da Montefeltro adopted Francesco Maria I della Rovere , his sister's child and nephew of Pope Julius II . Guidobaldo I, who was heirless, called Francesco Maria at his court, and named him as heir of

#292707