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65-625: The Paley Center for Media , formerly the Museum of Television & Radio ( MT&R ) and the Museum of Broadcasting , founded in 1975 by William S. Paley , is an American cultural institution in New York City with a branch office in Los Angeles . It is dedicated to the discussion of the cultural, creative, and social significance of television, radio, and emerging platforms for the professional community and media-interested public. It

130-425: A 1998 Cincinnati Post column that fewer than half of ABC's affiliates carried the show. However, this was not the only reason the show faltered. The large maze, estimated by some sources at 50 × 100 feet, had the audience sitting in bleachers above and around three sides of the maze, with the stage facing the remaining side. It is also widely believed to have been the main factor in the show's undoing. The set

195-608: A Deal , and The Gong Show are also in the library. Seminars and interviews with public figures are conducted frequently, all of which are recorded and available for later viewing on individual consoles. Past seminar participants have included Lucille Ball , Carol Burnett , Dick Cavett , Alan Alda , Al Franken , John Frankenheimer , James Garner , Bob Hope , Roy Huggins , Jack Paar , Dennis Potter , Dick Van Dyke , and Gore Vidal . Also available for viewing are seminars featuring creators and cast members from TV shows, including The Larry Sanders Show , Seinfeld , King of

260-460: A Horse in 1936 and donated it to the MoMA in 1964 however its Nazi-era provenance turned out to be problematic and resulted in a claim for restitution filed by the heirs of Paul von Mendelssohn-Bartholdy who said it had been sold under duress. The lawsuit, known as Schoeps v. The Museum of Modern Art, was about to go to trial when a settlement between the parties was announced. Other works from

325-460: A Story . "And he decreed that there would be no bridge between them.... In short, Paley was the guy who put Frank Sinatra and Edward R. Murrow on the radio and 60 Minutes on television." Paley was not fond of one of the network's biggest stars. Arthur Godfrey had been working locally in Washington, DC and New York City hosting morning shows. Paley did not consider him worthy of CBS, being

390-495: A button there in order to win prizes. Clooney hosted Money Maze concurrently with his local daily talk show, The Nick Clooney Show , on then-ABC affiliate WKRC-TV in Cincinnati (now a CBS station). In fact, WKRC scheduled Money Maze on a delay at 10:30 a.m., immediately before Nick Clooney at 11:00, to provide a 90-minute block for the popular local personality. Two married couples played against each other for

455-655: A central role in promoting cultural diplomacy and Pan Americanism as part of President Franklin Roosevelt's Good Neighbor Policy . In 1943, he and Chester were awarded the Carlos Manuel de Cespedes National Order of Merit by the Cuban government in recognition of his efforts to foster greater understanding between the peoples of Cuba and the United States of America, in recognition of services performed by

520-636: A chain of sixty-four stations in eighteen countries which would subsequently be known as La Cadena de las Americas (The Network of the Americas). By 1942, Paley's innovative network was broadcasting both news and cultural programming live from CBS in New York City in cooperation with the government's Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs under the direction of a young Nelson Rockefeller . During World War II, these broadcasts played

585-683: A considerable influence over Paley's political views. She later said: "I can't believe he would have voted Democrat without me." Dorothy began to become estranged from Paley during the early 1940s because of his infidelity. They divorced on July 24, 1947, in Reno, Nevada . She retained custody of their two adopted children, Jeffrey Paley and Hilary Paley. In 1953, Dorothy married stockbroker Walter Hirshon; they divorced in 1961. Paley married divorcée, socialite and fashion icon Barbara Cushing Mortimer (1915–1978) affectionally referred to as "Babe" on July 28, 1947 and they remained married until her death. She

650-414: A dictum that led to the abrupt demise of Gilligan's Island , which had already been renewed for a fourth season. During the 1963–1964 television season, 14 of the top 15 shows on prime-time and the top 12 shows of daytime television were on CBS. Aubrey, however, fought constantly with Fred W. Friendly of CBS News, and Paley did not like Aubrey's taste in low-brow programming. Aubrey and Paley bickered to

715-532: A mere local host. When Paley went into the Army and took up his assignment in London, and Frank Stanton assumed his duties, he decided to try Godfrey on the network. By the time Paley returned, Godfrey was a rising star on the network with his daily Arthur Godfrey Time program. Paley had to accept the entertainer, but the two were never friends. Godfrey would, on occasion, mock Paley and other CBS executives by name, on

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780-566: A six-month period. Three of the modules are held in New York, and one in Los Angeles. Key discussion topics include: Value Creation; Digital Strategy; Accounting, Finance and Management Control; Content and Customers; Leadership; Production, Technology and Operations Management; Entrepreneurship and Innovation; IT Systems and Strategy; Managerial Economics and Decision Analysis; Marketing Strategy; and others. William S. Paley Paley

845-399: A vault outside of New York City, and the collection is being digitized. The Paley Center has acquired many lost episodes of classic television shows and has produced documentary features about the history and impact of television and radio. In recent years, the center has sponsored advance viewing of the pilot episodes of each network's new programs. Television and radio shows are added to

910-621: Is committed to the idea that many television and radio programs are significant works and should be preserved for posterity's sake. Instead of collecting artifacts and memorabilia , the Paley Center comprises mostly screening rooms, including two full-sized theaters. Nearly 160,000 television shows, commercials, and radio programs are available in the Paley Center's library, and during each visit, viewers can select and watch shows at individual consoles, and radio programs are accessed through these same consoles. Some television programs are from

975-969: The Los Angeles County Museum of Art Bing Theater, the Directors Guild of America theater, the Cinerama Dome , and the Saban Theatre in Beverly Hills. It was relocated to the larger Dolby Theatre in Hollywood in 2014. An annual Paleyfest New York event in the fall began in 2013. In 2010, The Paley Center for Media announced a partnership with IESE Business School to offer the Advanced Management Program in Media and Entertainment or

1040-680: The University of Pennsylvania , where he was a member of the Theta chapter of Zeta Beta Tau fraternity. He was expecting to take an increasingly active role running the family cigar business upon graduation. In 1927, Samuel Paley, Leon Levy (who was married to Paley's sister, Blanche ), and some business partners bought a struggling Philadelphia-based radio network of 16 stations called the Columbia Phonographic Broadcasting System . Samuel Paley's intention

1105-409: The "1" and hit the button at the maze exit to win anything at all. To win the $ 10,000, the runner had to activate the push-buttons on the five lit towers, reach the exit, and push its button within 60 seconds. The couple won $ 1 for reaching the "1," and the winnings were multiplied by 10 for each zero reached. However, if the runner activated only zeroes or did not hit the exit button before time ran out,

1170-459: The "Media AMP", a postgraduate level program for media and entertainment executives to preparing them for high level leadership roles in their companies. Launched in January 2011, the program's goal is to bring executives up to speed on new business models, management techniques, and technologies. A key feature is access to leaders in the industry. The Media AMP curriculum covers four modules over

1235-520: The $ 500 bonus tower), all containing $ 10,000 wins, with the Friday repeat being the last first-run show from the previous Friday. A new version of the 1960s game You Don't Say! replaced The Money Maze the next week. In 2009, producer Ron Greenberg worked with Don Lipp and Phil Gurin on a new pilot for a revival on French TV network TF1 . It is uncertain what has come of these plans. The pilot (titled The Moneymaze ) and at least one episode from

1300-448: The 1940s with radio programs dating back to the 1920s. The earliest TV program in the museum's collection is a silent film of NBC's 1939 production of Dion Boucicault 's melodrama The Streets of New York (1857), with Norman Lloyd , George Coulouris , and Jennifer Jones . The museum does not sell the material or permit it to leave the premises. Viewing copies of television programs are Hi-8mm video tape dubs. The originals are kept in

1365-544: The 33-1/3-rpm LP record , which could hold more than 20 minutes' worth of music on each side, and became a standard recording format through the 1970s. Also, CBS Laboratories and Peter Goldmark developed a method for color television. After lobbying by RCA President David Sarnoff and Paley in Washington, D.C., the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) approved the CBS system, but later reversed

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1430-542: The CBS news division (and by then a vice president of CBS), suffered during the 1950s over the hard-hitting tone of the Murrow-hosted See It Now series. The implication was that the network's sponsors were uneasy about some of the controversial topics of the series, leading Paley to worry about lost revenue to the network as well as unwelcome scrutiny during the era of McCarthyism . In 1955, Alcoa withdrew its sponsorship of See It Now , and eventually

1495-691: The Columbia Broadcasting System's Latin-American shortwave radio network. During World War II, Paley served as director of radio operations of the Psychological Warfare branch in the Office of War Information at Allied Force Headquarters in London, where he held the rank of colonel. While based in England during the war, Paley came to know and befriend Edward R. Murrow , CBS's head of European news who expanded

1560-456: The Hill , The Simpsons , South Park , The Daily Show with Jon Stewart , Arrested Development , House , Battlestar Galactica , and The League . Panel discussions have varied from what it was like to work with Orson Welles to a celebration of Roy Huggins 's career. The William S. Paley Television Festival , also known as PaleyFest , is an annual television festival hosted by

1625-844: The Museum of Broadcasting. From 1991 to 2007, it was known as The Museum of Television and Radio; its new location was known as the Paley Building. An L.A. branch opened in 1996, and closed in 2020. Paley met Dorothy Hart Hearst (1908–1998) while she was married to John Randolph Hearst , the third son of William Randolph Hearst . Paley fell in love with her, and, after her Las Vegas divorce from Hearst, she and Paley married on May 12, 1932, in Kingman, Arizona . Dorothy called on her extensive social connections acquired during her previous marriage to introduce Paley to several top members of President Franklin Roosevelt 's government. She also exerted

1690-491: The Paley Center in the Los Angeles area. Founded in 1984, the festival, held annually in the spring, features panels composed of the casts and prominent creative talent from popular television shows such as Community , Parks and Recreation , Mad Men , and Lost , among many others. The panels field questions from a moderator and a public audience and often present exclusive content from their respective series. The festival has been in many venues over its history, including

1755-541: The Paley collection include Paul Cézanne L'Estaque which he acquired in 1935, Henri Matisse's Woman with a Veil, which he acquired in 1936, Paul Gauguin's Washerwomen, which he acquired in 1958 and Paul Cézanne's Milk Can and Apples. The MoMA organized a special exhibition of the William Paley Collection in 1992. In 2022, twenty-nine artworks, including five on long term loan to the MoMA, from

1820-505: The Paley collection were auctioned at Sothebys on consignment from the William S. Paley Foundation. In the 1940s, William Paley and his brother-in-law Leon Levy formed Jaclyn Stable, which owned and raced a string of thoroughbred race horses . He enjoyed photographing Picasso in Cap d'Antibes. Like Picasso, Paley drove an exotic French Facel Vega Facel II , the fastest four-seater car in

1885-527: The RCA markings off of the equipment, and later relying exclusively on Philips - Norelco for color equipment beginning in 1964, when color television sets became widespread. PAL or Phase Alternating Line, an analogue TV-encoding system, is today a television-broadcasting standard used in large parts of the world. "Bill Paley erected two towers of power: one for entertainment and one for news," 60 Minutes creator Don Hewitt claimed in his autobiography, Tell Me

1950-520: The advertising. The advertisers then became the network's primary clients and, because of the wider distribution brought by the growing network, Paley was able to charge more for the ad time. Affiliates were required to carry programming offered by the network for part of the broadcast day, receiving a portion of the network's fees from advertising revenue. At other times in the broadcast day, affiliates were free to offer local programming and sell advertising time locally. Paley's recognition of how to harness

2015-417: The air. Godfrey's massive revenues from advertising on the popular morning programs and his two prime-time shows Arthur Godfrey's Talent Scouts and Arthur Godfrey and his Friends, protected him from any reprisals. In private, Paley and his colleagues despised Godfrey. The relationship between Paley and his news staff was not always smooth. His friendship with Edward R. Murrow, one of the leading lights in

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2080-418: The clues. The first clue was worth one point, the second worth two, and so on. If the trailing couple incorrectly answered at any time before their score surpassed their opponents, the round was over and the other couple won outright. If the trailing couple tied or passed the leading couple's score, the leading couple, now trailing, received only one chance for a final clue that would win the game. The winner at

2145-458: The collection after archival discoveries and through donations from individuals and organizations. In 2002, the museum held a showing of the previously unseen rehearsal film of Rodgers and Hammerstein 's Cinderella telecast from March 17, 1957. This rehearsal was found in the CBS vault while the museum was on a quest for other "lost" Cinderella materials. It had been believed that on the night of

2210-408: The coming war and built the CBS news division into a dominant force just as he had previously built the network's entertainment division. As early as 1940 Paley envisioned the creation of a network division within CBS tasked with serving much of South America. In collaboration with his news director Paul White and his director of short wave operations Edmund Chester , Paley laid the foundation for

2275-553: The corner of 53rd Street and Fifth Avenue. In 1996 the Museum of Television & Radio in Los Angeles opened in a new building, located at 465 North Beverly Drive in Beverly Hills, designed by Richard Meier . In early 2020, the museum at North Beverly Drive closed. The archives moved to the Beverly Hills Public Library , and the staff moved to an office in Century City . The Paley Center for Media

2340-437: The couple won nothing. The buttons could be hit in any order, but only one button on each tower was active. Champions were retired upon winning the $ 10,000 Dash or after appearing for three days. ABC broadcast The Money Maze at 4:00 p.m. Eastern (3:00 Central), opposite Tattletales on CBS and Somerset on NBC ; Money Maze did not perform well against either series in the ratings , and host Clooney claimed in

2405-403: The decision based on the CBS system's incompatibility with black and white receivers. The new, compatible RCA color system was selected as the standard, and CBS sold the patents to its system to foreign broadcasters as PAL SECAM . CBS broadcast few color programs during this period, reluctant to supplement RCA revenue. They did, however, buy and license some RCA equipment and technology, taking

2470-404: The earnings potential of radio and recognized that good programming was the key to selling advertising time and, in turn, bringing in profits to the network and to affiliate owners. Before Paley, most businessmen viewed stations as stand-alone local outlets, as the broadcast equivalent of local newspapers. Individual stations originally bought programming from the network and, thus, were considered

2535-489: The end of this round would play "The $ 10,000 Dash," a final maze run for a prize of up to $ 10,000. Both couples kept their money and prizes. If both couples were tied going into the Catch-Up Round, they each ran the maze for $ 10,000. In the final run, five of the towers (out of eight available) would be lit. Four of them would have zeroes on top, and the fifth would have a "1" lit. The runner had 60 seconds to activate

2600-557: The irony of the octogenarian Paley being on the list was an inspiration for Late Night with David Letterman 's nightly Top Ten lists . Paley died of kidney failure on October 26, 1990, less than a month after his 89th birthday. He was buried at the Memorial Cemetery of St. John's Episcopal Church beside his second wife Babe . The Money Maze The Money Maze is an American television game show seen on ABC from December 23, 1974, to June 27, 1975. The show

2665-470: The live broadcast the show was preserved on both kinescope and videotape and then transmitted to the West Coast. Seeking either of these, Jane Klain, the director of research at the New York facility, asked CBS to search their vaults. The CBS database listed three 16mm films featuring five-minute segments of Julie Andrews performing in the show. When the earliest one was brought from the CBS vault, it

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2730-406: The network's clients. Paley changed broadcasting's business model not only by developing successful and lucrative broadcast programming but also by viewing advertisers and sponsors as the most significant element of the broadcasting equation. Paley provided network programming to affiliate stations at a nominal cost, thereby ensuring the widest possible distribution for both the programming and

2795-543: The news division's foreign coverage with a team of war correspondents later known as the Murrow Boys . In 1946, Paley promoted Frank Stanton to president of CBS. CBS expanded into television and rode the postwar TV boom to surpass NBC , which had dominated radio. CBS has owned the Columbia Record Company and its associated CBS Laboratories since 1939. In June 1948, Columbia Records introduced

2860-489: The notable Gertrude Stein collection. He subsequently became chairman, stepping down from the museum post in 1985. In 1974, Paley dedicated the second building at the S.I. Newhouse School of Public Communications at Syracuse University . He also personally dedicated the Samuel L. Paley library at Temple University named in honor of his father. The Paley Center for Media was founded by Paley in New York City in 1976 as

2925-430: The opponents a chance to answer instead. If they did so correctly, they won the round and had a chance to answer as many of the remaining clues as possible; otherwise, play would continue in the round. If the two couples each answered four clues in the round, a tiebreaker would be played where two additional clues were shown. The first couple to activate a buzzer would select a clue to answer for one point, then try to answer

2990-404: The option of trying to also reach a second "money tower" within a total of 25 seconds for a $ 500 bonus and three additional points; if they accepted the risk but failed to reach both towers, the prize and the cash bonus were both lost. Clues proceeded as in earlier rounds, except that the couple trailing in score at that point of the game would do all the answering and the leading team would select

3055-428: The other for two points. If they were wrong on either, the other couple got a free attempt. The winning couple in each round would then send one member into the maze, with the other directing from above. The "runner" would have 15 seconds to find a phone-booth-size "tower" with push-buttons on each side. Pressing the lit button before time expired won the prize and three points. Later in the show's run, couples were given

3120-479: The point that Aubrey approached Frank Stanton to propose a take-over of CBS. The takeover never materialized and, when CBS's ratings began to slip, Paley fired Aubrey in 1965. In 1972, Paley ordered the shortening of a second installment of a two-part CBS Evening News series on the Watergate scandal , based on a complaint by Charles Colson , an aide to President Richard Nixon . And later, Paley briefly ordered

3185-420: The potential reach of broadcasting was the key to his growing CBS from a tiny chain of stations into what was eventually one of the world's dominant communication empires. During his prime, Paley was described as having an uncanny sense for popular taste and exploiting that insight to build the CBS network. As war clouds darkened over Europe in the late 1930s, Paley recognized Americans' desire for news coverage of

3250-493: The program's weekly broadcast on Tuesdays was stopped, though it continued as a series of special segments until 1958. In 1959, James T. Aubrey Jr. became the president of CBS. Under Aubrey, the network became the most popular on television with shows like The Beverly Hillbillies and Gilligan's Island . However, Paley's personal favorite was Gunsmoke ; in fact, he was such a fan of Gunsmoke that, upon its threatened cancellation in 1967, he demanded that it be reinstated,

3315-412: The right to enter the maze. Three regular rounds were played. Each round had a particular topic, with eight related clues. Two clues would be shown on a screen; one couple would select a clue for the other to attempt to answer. A correct answer scored a point, and that couple would then select from two clues (a new clue plus the unused one from the last pair) for the opposing couple. An incorrect answer gave

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3380-495: The series exist in ABC's archive. As with most other daytime game shows on the networks other than CBS from that era, the tapes were erased after broadcast for reuse due to their great expense at the time. A brief clip from an episode aired in 2004 when Chuck Barris and George Clooney (Nick Clooney's son) were promoting Confessions of a Dangerous Mind . Another 1975 episode, recorded on an early home VCR by artist Andy Warhol ,

3445-400: The set, quickly eclipsed the show's prize budget. ABC may have viewed the large expenses as a headache, even as Tattletales was pushed to 11:00 am on June 16 in favor of Musical Chairs . While Money Maze was scheduled to end on July 4, the network discontinued the show before the final week was taped. The last aired week (June 30 – July 4) consisted of repeats from the later format (with

3510-422: The suspension of instant and often negatively critical analyses by CBS news commentators which followed presidential addresses. Over the years, Paley sold portions of his family stockholding in CBS. At the time of his death, he owned less than nine percent of the outstanding stock . In 1995, five years after Paley's death, CBS was bought by Westinghouse Electric Corporation and, in 1999, by Viacom , which itself

3575-708: The world in the early 1960s. In 1964, CBS purchased the New York Yankees from Del Webb and Dan Topping . Subsequently, the storied baseball team fell into mediocrity, not making the postseason for the next ten years. In 1973, Paley sold the team at its low ebb for $ 8.7 million to Cleveland shipbuilder George Steinbrenner and a group of investors. Under the Steinbrenner regime, the Yankees grew in value to what, in April 2006, Forbes magazine estimated

3640-471: Was $ 1.26 billion, or about $ 280 million in 1973 dollars. Encouraged by Paley's avid interest in modern art and his outstanding collection, the Rockefeller family 's Museum of Modern Art made Paley a trustee in the 1930s; in 1962 he was tapped by then-chairman David Rockefeller to be its president. In 1968, he joined a syndicate with Rockefeller and others to buy six works by Picasso for the museum from

3705-474: Was a notorious womanizer his entire life. Indeed, his first marriage to Dorothy ended when a newspaper published a suicide note written to Paley by a former girlfriend. As a result of another relationship he provided a stipend to a former lover, actress Louise Brooks , for the rest of her life. In his later years he enjoyed keeping company with several women. Paley was included in a list of the ten most eligible bachelors compiled by Cosmopolitan magazine in 1985;

3770-585: Was born on September 28, 1901, in Chicago, Illinois, the son of Goldie ( née Drell) and Samuel Paley. His family was Jewish , and his father was an immigrant from Ukraine who ran a cigar company. As the company became increasingly successful, Samuel Paley became a millionaire, and moved his family to Philadelphia in the early 1920s. William Paley matriculated at Western Military Academy in Alton, Illinois but later transferred to, and recorded his degree from,

3835-578: Was discovered to be the full dress rehearsal. The center is also known for its many discoveries involving daytime game shows . Episodes of destroyed shows such as High Rollers , Celebrity Sweepstakes , The Money Maze , the Chuck Woolery version of Wheel of Fortune , To Say the Least , and daytime Hollywood Squares episodes are all available for viewing in the library. Episodes of other game shows such as Tattletales , Let's Make

3900-416: Was hosted by Nick Clooney and was announced by Alan Kalter . It was produced by Daphne-Don Lipp Productions, of which Dick Cavett was a principal. The object of the game was to negotiate a large maze built on the studio floor that housed several towers. A contestant would direct their spouse from a perch above the maze; the spouse would need to find their way to a specified tower inside the maze and press

3965-445: Was once a subsidiary of CBS. Today, CBS is owned by Paramount Global , after merging with the "new" Viacom in 2019. Paley acquired an art collection consisting of approximately forty works, many of which are today in the Museum of Modern Art in New York. Paley's collection included works by Cezanne , Matisse , Picasso , Toulouse-Lautrec , Degas , Derain , Bonnard , Gauguin , and Rouault . He acquired Picasso's Boy Leading

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4030-685: Was renamed the Paley Center for Media on June 5, 2007, to encompass emerging broadcasting technologies such as the Internet , mobile video , and podcasting , as well as to expand its role as a neutral setting where media professionals can engage in discussion and debate about the evolving media landscape. In 1975 the original Museum of Broadcasting was founded with a gift by William S. Paley of US$ 2 million (equivalent to $ 11 million in 2023). It opened in Manhattan on November 9, 1976, occupying two floors in an office building at 1 East 53rd Street, near

4095-474: Was so large and complex that it took nearly an entire day to set up the maze and another to break it down, tying up the studio for an extra two days for each five-show, one-day taping session. According to Mark Evanier , producer Don Segall described Money Maze as "the first game show where the stage crew took home more money than the contestants"; the rental fees for taping at a large studio for several days, plus overtime pay for setting up, striking, and storing

4160-644: Was the daughter of renowned neurosurgeon Harvey Cushing . William and Babe Paley, in spite of their successes and social standing, were barred from being members of country clubs on Long Island because he was Jewish. As an alternative, the Paleys built a summer home, "Kiluna North," on Squam Lake in New Hampshire and spent the summers there for many years, routinely entertaining their many friends, including Lucille Ball , Grace Kelly , and David O. Selznick . The couple had two children, William and Kate. Paley

4225-471: Was to use his acquisition as an advertising medium for promoting the family's cigar business, which included the La Palina brand. Within a year, under William's leadership, cigar sales had more than doubled, and, in 1928, the Paley family secured majority ownership of the network from their partners. Within a decade, William S. Paley had expanded the network to 114 affiliate stations. Paley quickly grasped

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