Misplaced Pages

#756243

89-689: Lady Newnes Bay was discovered by the British Antarctic Expedition 1898–1900 (or Southern Cross Expedition ) led by Carsten Borchgrevink . He named it for Lady Priscilla Newnes, whose husband, Sir George Newnes , financed the expedition. The most westerly point of the bay is Cape Sibbald, where the tongue of the Aviator Glacier extends into the Ross Sea. Further east, past Andrus Point, the Parker Glacier enters

178-581: A Union Flag . The ship was carrying 31 men and 90 Siberian sledge dogs, the first to be taken on an Antarctic expedition. After final provisioning in Hobart , Tasmania , Southern Cross sailed for the Antarctic on 19 December. She crossed the Antarctic Circle on 23 January 1899, and after a three-week delay in pack ice sighted Cape Adare on 16 February, before anchoring close to the shore on

267-564: A sauna in the snowdrifts. Concerts were held, including lantern slides, songs and readings. During this time there were two near-fatal incidents; in the first, a candle left burning beside a bunk set fire to the hut and caused extensive damage. In the second, three of the party were nearly asphyxiated by coal fire fumes as they slept. The party was well-supplied with a variety of basic foodstuffs—butter, tea and coffee, herrings, sardines, cheeses, soup, tinned tripe, plum pudding, dry potatoes and vegetables. There were nevertheless complaints about

356-459: A landing was possible. On 16 February he, Colbeck and Savio landed with dogs and a sledge, ascended to the Barrier surface, and then journeyed a few miles south to a point which they calculated as 78°50′S, a new Farthest South record. They were the first persons to travel on the Barrier surface, earning Amundsen's approbation: "We must acknowledge that, by ascending the Barrier, Borchgrevink opened

445-406: A place on Borchgrevink's scientific staff. His later chronicle of the expedition was critical of aspects of Borchgrevink's leadership, but defended the expedition's scientific achievements. In 1901, Bernacchi would return to Antarctica as a physicist on Scott's Discovery expedition . Another of Borchgrevink's men who later served Scott's expedition, as commander of the relief ship Morning ,

534-715: A ridge from the Mountaineer Range, situated at the confluence of the Icebreaker and Fitzgerald Glaciers. Mapped by the USGS from surveys and United States Navy air photos 1960-64. Named by the US-ACAN for Agustive A. Hermes, Jr., United States Navy, aviation structural mechanic at Williams Field, McMurdo Sound, on United States Navy OpDFrz, 1967 and 1968. 73°35′S 166°37′E  /  73.583°S 166.617°E  / -73.583; 166.617 . A cape forming

623-464: A small square pane high on the northern wall. Bunks were fitted around the outer walls, and a table and stove dominated the centre. During the few remaining weeks of Antarctic summer, members of the party practised travel with dogs and sledges on the sea ice in nearby Robertson Bay , surveyed the coastline, collected specimens of birds and fish, and slaughtered seals and penguins for food and fuel. Outside activities were largely curtailed in mid-May, with

712-535: A taste for adventure, in 1894 he joined a commercial whaling expedition, led by Henryk Bull , which penetrated Antarctic waters and reached Cape Adare , the western portal to the Ross Sea . A party including Bull and Borchgrevink briefly landed there, and claimed to be the first men to set foot on the Antarctic continent—although the English-born American sealer John Davis believed he had landed on

801-427: A winter larder and a fuel source. Unloading began on 17 February. First ashore were the dogs, with their two Sami handlers, Savio and Must, who remained with them and thus became the first men to spend a night on the Antarctic continent. During the next twelve days the rest of the equipment and supplies were landed, and two prefabricated huts were erected, one as living quarters and the other for storage. These were

890-557: Is included within Antarctic Specially Protected Area 175 High Altitude Geothermal Sites of the Ross Sea Region. The base of the volcano outcrops on the almost vertical cliffs of Pilot Glacier . Fumaroles and geothermally heated ground occur within a single outcrop at the summit of Mount Rittmann in a minor caldera rim at approximately 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) above sea level. Mount Rittmann

979-689: Is the range of mountains lying between the Mariner Glacier and Aviator Glacier in Victoria Land , Antarctica. It lies to the south of the Victory Mountains and northeast of the Southern Cross Mountains . The seaward parts of the Mountaineer Range were first viewed by James Clark Ross in 1841, and subsequently by several British and later American expeditions. The precise mapping of its overall features

SECTION 10

#1732798694757

1068-684: The Mountaineer Range of Victoria Land, Antarctica. It surmounts Aviator Glacier to the west and the large cirque of Parker Glacier to the east. It was discovered in January 1841 by Sir James Clark Ross who named this peak for Thomas Spring Rice, 1st Baron Monteagle of Brandon , Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1835 to 1839. 73°34′S 165°24′E  /  73.567°S 165.400°E  / -73.567; 165.400 . A mountain 2,460 metres (8,070 ft) high surmounting

1157-498: The Discovery Expedition . There were also questions about Borchgrevink's leadership qualities, and criticism of the limited extent of scientific results. Thus, despite the number of significant "firsts", Borchgrevink was never accorded the heroic status of Scott or Shackleton, and his expedition was soon forgotten in the dramas which surrounded these and other Heroic Age explorers. However, Roald Amundsen , conqueror of

1246-542: The Discovery Expedition 1901–04 ) and was in search of funds; Borchgrevink was regarded by RGS president Sir Clements Markham as a foreign interloper and a rival for funding. Borchgrevink persuaded the publisher Sir George Newnes (whose business rival Alfred Harmsworth was backing the RGS venture) to meet the full cost of his expedition, some £40,000. This gift infuriated Markham and the RGS, since Newnes's donation, had it come their way would, he said have been enough "to get

1335-614: The Antarctic Peninsula in 1821. Bull's party also visited Possession Island in the Ross Sea, leaving a message in a tin box as proof of their journey. Borchgrevink was convinced that the Cape Adare location, with its huge penguin rookery providing a ready supply of fresh food and blubber , could serve as a base at which a future expedition could overwinter and subsequently explore the Antarctic interior. After his return from Cape Adare, Borchgrevink spent much of

1424-752: The British Antarctic Expedition, 1898–1900 , was the first British venture of the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration , and the forerunner of the more celebrated journeys of Robert Falcon Scott and Ernest Shackleton . The brainchild of the Anglo-Norwegian explorer Carsten Borchgrevink , it was the first expedition to over-winter on the Antarctic mainland, the first to visit the Great Ice Barrier —later known as

1513-700: The Gair Glacier and Meander Glacier . The feature has at times been mistaken for Mount Murchison. Named by the northern party of NZGSAE, 1962-63, because of its prominent and lofty appearance. 73°04′S 166°11′E  /  73.067°S 166.183°E  / -73.067; 166.183 . A mountain 2,680 metres (8,790 ft) high along the north side of Gair Glacier 8.5 nautical miles (15.7 km; 9.8 mi) east of Mount Supernal. Mapped by USGS from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-64. Named by US-ACAN for Paul L. Montreuil, biologist at McMurdo Station, 1964-65. The western plateau of

1602-733: The Mountaineer Range to Lady Newnes Bay. Below Hermes Point, its flow coalesces with that of Fitzgerald Glacier. Named by the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition (NZGSAE), 1958-59, as a tribute to the work of the complements of United States Navy, and United States Coast Guard icebreakers in Antarctic exploration, in supporting scientists and in aiding other ships. 73°33′S 166°15′E  /  73.550°S 166.250°E  / -73.550; 166.250 . A prominent valley glacier draining to Lady Newnes Bay from

1691-619: The South Pole in 1911, acknowledged that Borchgrevink's expedition had removed the greatest obstacles to Antarctic travel, and had opened the way for all the expeditions that followed. Born in Oslo in 1864 to a Norwegian father and an English mother, Carsten Borchgrevink emigrated to Australia in 1888, where he worked as a land surveyor in the interior before accepting a provincial schoolteaching appointment in New South Wales . Having

1780-581: The United States Geological Survey (USGS) from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-64. Named by the United States Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for Anthony G.H. Parker, biologist at Hallett Station in 1963-64, and McMurdo Station, 1964-65 and 1966-67. 73°42′S 166°08′E  /  73.700°S 166.133°E  / -73.700; 166.133 . A glacier in

1869-419: The United States Geological Survey (USGS) from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-64. Named by the United States Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for Lieutenant Gary E. Noice, United States Navy, navigator with Squadron VX-6 at McMurdo Station, 1966. 73°22′S 164°56′E  /  73.367°S 164.933°E  / -73.367; 164.933 . A very steep bluff forming

SECTION 20

#1732798694757

1958-431: The conditions as "democratic anarchy", with dirt, disorder and inactivity the order of the day. Borchgrevink's lack of scientific training, and his inability to make simple observations, were additional matters of concern. Nevertheless, the programme of scientific observations was maintained throughout the winter. Exercise was taken outside the hut when the weather permitted, and as a further diversion Savio improvised

2047-612: The "important geographical discovery ... of the Southern Cross Fjord, as well as the excellent camping place at the foot of Mount Melbourne ". The most significant exploration achievement, Borchgrevink thought, was the scaling of the Great Ice Barrier and the journey to "the furthest south ever reached by man". Borchgrevink's account of the expedition, First on the Antarctic Continent ,

2136-442: The Barrier edge, to find the inlet where, in 1843, Ross had reached his farthest south . Observations indicated that the Barrier edge had moved some 30 statute miles (50 km) south since Ross's time, which meant that the ship were already south of Ross's record. Borchgrevink was determined to make a landing on the Barrier itself, and in the vicinity of Ross's inlet he found a spot where the ice sloped sufficiently to suggest that

2225-587: The Discovery Expedition, when Edward Wilson wrote; "... heaps of refuse all around, and a mountain of provision boxes, dead birds, seals, dogs, sledging gear ... and heaven knows what else". Southern Cross first called at Possession Island, where the tin box left by Borchgrevink and Bull in 1895 was recovered. They then proceeded southwards, following the Victoria Land coast and discovering further islands, one of which Borchgrevink named after Sir Clements Markham, whose hostility towards

2314-496: The Great Ice Barrier, where a team of three made the first sledge journey on the Barrier surface, during which a new Farthest South record latitude was established at 78° 50′S. On its return to Britain the expedition was coolly received by London's geographical establishment exemplified by the Royal Geographical Society , which resented the pre-emption of the pioneering Antarctic role they envisaged for

2403-660: The Mountaineer Range that descends east from Mount Casey to merge with the floating tongue from the Icebreaker Glacier at Lady Newnes Bay. Mapped by USGS from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-64. Named by US-ACAN for Lieutenant Commander Donald C. Oakley, United States Navy, Protestant chaplain with the winter party at McMurdo Station, 1967. 73°37′S 166°10′E  /  73.617°S 166.167°E  / -73.617; 166.167 . A large valley glacier 10 nautical miles (19 km; 12 mi) northeast of Mount Monteagle that flows southeast from

2492-580: The NZ-APC for Leonard Wylde, scientific officer at Hallett Station , 1962-63. 73°31′S 167°10′E  /  73.517°S 167.167°E  / -73.517; 167.167 . A short glacier in the Mountaineer Range, draining southeast into Lady Newnes Bay just south of Spatulate Ridge. Named by NZ-APC in 1966 for Douglas Suter, senior New Zealand scientist at Hallett Station, 1962-63. 73°24′S 167°14′E  /  73.400°S 167.233°E  / -73.400; 167.233 . A short glacier in

2581-533: The National Expedition on its legs". Newnes stipulated that Borchgrevink's expedition should sail under the British flag , and be styled the "British Antarctic Expedition". Borchgrevink readily agreed to these conditions, even though only two of the entire expedition party were British. This annoyed Markham all the more, and he subsequently rebuked the RGS librarian Hugh Robert Mill for attending

2670-629: The North and South poles). The geographical establishments in Britain and abroad were slow to give formal recognition to the expedition. The Royal Geographical Society gave Borchgrevink a fellowship, and other medals and honours eventually followed from Norway, Denmark and the United States, but the expedition's achievements were not widely recognised. Markham persisted in describing Borchgrevink as cunning and unprincipled; Amundsen's warm tribute

2759-627: The Ross Ice Shelf—since Sir James Clark Ross 's groundbreaking expedition of 1839 to 1843 , and the first to effect a landing on the Barrier's surface. It also pioneered the use of dogs and sledges in Antarctic travel. The expedition was privately financed by the British magazine publisher Sir George Newnes . Borchgrevink's party sailed in the Southern Cross , and spent the southern winter of 1899 at Cape Adare ,

Lady Newnes Bay - Misplaced Pages Continue

2848-594: The Southern Cross Expedition launch. Mill had toasted the success of the expedition, calling it "a reproach to human enterprise" that there were parts of the earth that man had never attempted to reach. He hoped that this reproach would be lifted through "the munificence of Sir George Newnes and the courage of Mr Borchgrevink". Borchgrevink's original expedition objectives included the development of commercial opportunities, as well as scientific and geographical discovery. However, his plans to exploit

2937-508: The base, christened "Camp Ridley" after Borchgrevink's English mother's maiden name, was fully established, and the Duke of York's flag raised. That day, Southern Cross departed to winter in Australia. The living hut contained a small ante-room used as a photographic darkroom , and another for taxidermy . Daylight was admitted to the hut via a double-glazed, shuttered window, and through

3026-686: The bay from the north. East of this, past Greene Point, the Oakley Glacier enters from the north, beside the Icebreaker Glacier and the Fitzgerald Glacier, which form a common tongue. The Finley Glacier and Dunn Glacier are tributaries of the Icebreaker Glacier from the southwest. East of Cape King the Wylde Glacier enters from the Mountaineer Range to the north, then east of Caliper Cove the Suter Glacier enters from

3115-486: The coast between Gauntlet Ridge and Index Point. So named in 1966 by NZ-APC, presumably as descriptive of the emerging or youthful development of the feature. Other features along the shore of the Lady Newnes Bay include, from west to east, 73°54′S 165°23′E  /  73.900°S 165.383°E  / -73.900; 165.383 . A cliffed cape at the southwest margin of Lady Newnes Bay. It marks

3204-547: The coast. The name is descriptive of the shape and was applied in 1966 by the NZ-APC. 73°31′S 167°26′E  /  73.517°S 167.433°E  / -73.517; 167.433 . Small ice-covered island lying close off Spatulate Ridge in Lady Newnes Bay. The name is descriptive of the appearance of the island in plan and was given by NZ-APC in 1966. 73°25′S 167°35′E  /  73.417°S 167.583°E  / -73.417; 167.583 . A flat-topped, mainly ice-covered ridge, or peninsula, which separates

3293-425: The dogs and sledges. Their base camp was cut off from the continent's interior by high mountain ranges, and journeys along the coastline were frustrated by unsafe sea ice. These factors severely restricted their exploration, which was largely confined to the vicinity of Robertson Bay. Here, a small island was discovered, which was named Duke of York Island , after the expedition's patron. A few years later this find

3382-486: The dogs were killed but a few remained. 9 of the remaining dogs were bought by Ernest Shackleton . Southern Cross returned to England in June 1900, to a cool welcome; public attention was distracted by the preparations for the upcoming Discovery Expedition, due to sail the following year. Borchgrevink meanwhile pronounced his voyage a great success, stating: "The Antarctic regions might be another Klondyke "—in terms of

3471-577: The east wall of Aviator Glacier 10 nautical miles (19 km; 12 mi) north of Mount Monteagle. Mapped by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-64. Named by the United States Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for Lieutenant Commander Richard C. Brabec, United States Navy, Hercules aircraft commander on United States Navy OpDFrz, 1966. 73°43′S 165°47′E  /  73.717°S 165.783°E  / -73.717; 165.783 . A mountain 2,100 metres (6,900 ft) high at

3560-415: The east part of Mountaineer Range, draining southeast between Spatulate Ridge and Gauntlet Ridge into Lady Newnes Bay. Named by NZ-APC in 1966 for Norman Ridgeway, senior scientist at Hallett Station, 1963-64. 73°22′S 167°37′E  /  73.367°S 167.617°E  / -73.367; 167.617 . A short, fairly smooth glacier in the east extremity of Mountaineer Range, draining southeast to

3649-433: The eastern end of the bay. From west to east, glaciers entering the Lady Newnes Bay include, 73°47′S 165°33′E  /  73.783°S 165.550°E  / -73.783; 165.550 . A valley glacier in the Mountaineer Range which drains the area just east and northeast of Mount Monteagle , and flows south to Lady Newnes Bay where it terminates in a floating glacier tongue adjacent to Andrus Point. Mapped by

Lady Newnes Bay - Misplaced Pages Continue

3738-789: The eastern part include Bunker Bluff , Engberg Bluff , Index Point , Gauntlet Ridge , Spatulate Ridge , Apostrophe Island , Caliper Cove and Cape King . Download coordinates as: 73°25′S 166°37′E  /  73.417°S 166.617°E  / -73.417; 166.617 A mountainous, ice-covered ridge situated 5 miles (8.0 km) east of Mount Murchison. The ridge trends north–south for 10 nautical miles (19 km; 12 mi). Mapped by USGS from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1960-64. Named by US-ACAN for Joseph E. Dessent, meteorologist at Hallett Station, 1961. 73°25′S 166°18′E  /  73.417°S 166.300°E  / -73.417; 166.300 . A very prominent mountain, 3,500 metres (11,500 ft) high, marking

3827-559: The expedition as "interesting as a dashing piece of scientific work". The meteorological and magnetic conditions of Victoria Land had been recorded for a full year; the location of the South Magnetic Pole had been calculated (though not visited); samples of the continent's natural fauna and flora, and of its geology, had been collected. Borchgrevink also claimed the discovery of new insect and shallow-water fauna species, proving "bi-polarity" (existence of species in proximity to

3916-522: The expedition was evidently unchanged by this honour. Southern Cross then sailed on to Ross Island , observed the volcano Mount Erebus , and attempted a landing at Cape Crozier , at the foot of Mount Terror . Here, Borchgrevink and Captain Jensen were almost drowned by a large wave caused by a calving or breakaway of ice from the adjacent Great Ice Barrier . Following the path of James Clark Ross sixty years previously, they proceeded eastwards along

4005-447: The extensive guano deposits that he had observed during his 1894–95 voyage were not pursued. Research would be carried out across a range of disciplines, and Borchgrevink hoped that the scientific results would be complemented by spectacular geographical discoveries and journeys, even perhaps an attempt on the geographical South Pole itself; he was unaware at this stage that the site of the base at Cape Adare would not allow access to

4094-407: The first buildings erected on the continent. A third structure was contrived from spare materials, to serve as a magnetic observation hut. As accommodation for ten men the "living hut" was small and cramped, and seemingly precarious—Bernacchi later described it as "fifteen feet square, lashed down by cables to the rocky shore". The dogs were housed in kennels fashioned from packing cases. By 2 March

4183-493: The first person to be buried on the Antarctic continent. The grave was dynamited from the frozen ground at the summit of the Cape. Bernacchi wrote: "There amidst profound silence and peace, there is nothing to disturb that eternal sleep except the flight of seabirds". Hanson left a wife, and a baby daughter born after he left for the Antarctic. As winter gave way to spring, the party prepared for more ambitious inland journeys using

4272-831: The floating glacier tongue of the Parker Glacier. Mapped by the USGS from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-64. Named by US-ACAN for Commander H.R. Andrus, logistics officer on the staff of the Commander, United States Naval Support Force, Antarctica, 1962-66. 73°49′S 166°09′E  /  73.817°S 166.150°E  / -73.817; 166.150 . An ice-covered point 7 nautical miles (13 km; 8.1 mi) northeast of Andrus Point in Lady Newnes Bay. Mapped by USGS from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-64. Named by US-ACAN after Stanley W. Greene, biologist at McMurdo Station, 1964-65. 73°35′S 166°13′E  /  73.583°S 166.217°E  / -73.583; 166.217 . The seaward end of

4361-511: The following day. Cape Adare, discovered by Antarctic explorer James Clark Ross during his 1839–43 expedition , lies at the end of a long promontory , below which is the large triangular shingle foreshore where Bull and Borchgrevink had made their brief landing in 1895. This foreshore held one of the largest Adelie penguin rookeries on the entire continent and had ample room, as Borchgrevink had remarked in 1895, "for houses, tents and provisions". The abundance of penguins would provide both

4450-486: The following years in Britain and Australia, seeking financial backing for an Antarctic expedition. Despite a well-received address to the 1895 Sixth International Geographical Congress in London, in which he professed his willingness to lead such a venture, he was initially unsuccessful. The Royal Geographical Society (RGS) was preparing its own plans for a large-scale National Antarctic Expedition (which eventually became

4539-554: The high point on the rugged divide between Fitzgerald Glacier and Wylde Glacier }. Discovered in January 1841 by Sir James Clark Ross who named this feature for Sir Roderick Impey Murchison , then general secretary of the British Association. 73°27′S 165°30′E  /  73.450°S 165.500°E  / -73.450; 165.500 . A large active volcano predominantly buried in ice, with several peaks reaching an estimated 2,600 metres (8,500 ft), It

SECTION 50

#1732798694757

4628-601: The hinterland of Antarctica. For his expedition's ship, Borchgrevink purchased in 1897 a steam whaler, Pollux , that had been built in 1886 in Arendal on the south east coast of Norway, to the design of renowned shipbuilder Colin Archer . Archer had designed and built Fridtjof Nansen 's ship, Fram , which in 1896 had returned unscathed from its long drift in the northern polar ocean during Nansen's Fram expedition . Pollux , which Borchgrevink renamed Southern Cross ,

4717-452: The ice cascades on the south and west slopes of Mount Murchison . At the mouth it coalesces with the Icebreaker Glacier before debouching on Lady Newnes Bay. Explored by NZGSAE, 1958-59, and named by New Zealand Antarctic Place-Names Committee (NZ-APC) for E.B. Fitzgerald, deputy leader of the expedition. 73°35′S 165°38′E  /  73.583°S 165.633°E  / -73.583; 165.633 . A tributary glacier which drains

4806-462: The lack of luxuries, Colbeck noting that "all the tinned fruits supplied for the land party were either eaten on the passage or left on board for the [ship's] crew". There was also a shortage of tobacco; in spite of an intended provision of half a ton (500 kg), only a quantity of chewing tobacco was landed. The zoologist, Nicolai Hanson , had fallen ill during the winter. On 14 October 1899 he died, apparently of an intestinal disorder, and became

4895-424: The latter's summit, in the Mountaineer Range. Given this descriptive name by the northern party of NZGSAE, 1962-63. 73°10′S 164°36′E  /  73.167°S 164.600°E  / -73.167; 164.600 . A very large mountain 3,395 metres (11,138 ft) high which is an extinct volcano, situated at the northwest limit of Deception Plateau and just east of the head of Aviator Glacier. So named by

4984-536: The location of the South Magnetic Pole was, as expected, within Victoria Land, but further north and further west than had previously been assumed. The party then sailed for home, crossing the Antarctic Circle on 28 February. On 1 April, news of their safe return was sent by telegram from Bluff, New Zealand . The dogs were left on Native Island , New Zealand. Due to quarantine requirements, many of

5073-419: The mouths of Nascent and Ridgeway Glaciers where they discharge into Lady Newnes Bay. The name suggests the appearance of the feature in plan and was applied by NZ-APC in 1966. [REDACTED]  This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Geological Survey . Southern Cross Expedition The Southern Cross Expedition , otherwise known as

5162-404: The mouths of Wylde and Suter Glaciers. The shape of the cove and the points that encompass it are nearly symmetrical suggesting calipers; hence the name applied by NZ-APC in 1966. 73°28′S 167°13′E  /  73.467°S 167.217°E  / -73.467; 167.217 . An ice-covered ridge in the Mountaineer Range which extends southeast between Suter Glacier and Ridgeway Glacier to

5251-895: The north side of the head of Oakley Glacier, 5 nautical miles (9.3 km; 5.8 mi) east-northeast of Mount Monteagle. Mapped by USGS from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-64. Named by US-ACAN for Lieutenant Dennis Casey, United States Navy Reserve, Catholic chaplain with the winter party at McMurdo Station, 1967. 73°40′S 165°58′E  /  73.667°S 165.967°E  / -73.667; 165.967 . A mountain 1,700 metres (5,600 ft) high located 4 nautical miles (7.4 km; 4.6 mi) northeast of Mount Casey. Mapped by USGS from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-64. Named by US-ACAN after Lieutenant Commander Jack O. Moriarty, United States Navy, air operations officer at McMurdo Station, winter party 1966. [REDACTED]  This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of

5340-629: The north. East of Spatulate Ridge and Apostrophe Island the Ridgeway Glacier enters from the north, then east of Gauntlet Ridge the Nascent Glacier enters from the north. The Mariner Glacier enters from the east of Index Point and Emerging Island , beside the Borchgrevink Glacier to the west of Cape Jones . Both these glaciers extend tongues into the bay to the west and southwest of Coulman Island , which defines

5429-452: The northern party of NZGSAE, 1962-63, because it "overlords" lesser peaks in the area. 73°15′S 164°50′E  /  73.250°S 164.833°E  / -73.250; 164.833  ( Deception Plateau ) . A high, ice-covered plateau, 11 nautical miles (20 km; 13 mi) long and 6 nautical miles (11 km; 6.9 mi) wide, which is bounded by Aviator Glacier , Pilot Glacier and Mount Overlord . Deception Plateau

SECTION 60

#1732798694757

5518-485: The northern party of the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition (NZGSAE), 1966-67, after the Cobham Outward Bound School, Anakiwa , New Zealand. 73°04′S 165°42′E  /  73.067°S 165.700°E  / -73.067; 165.700 . A large double summit mountain 3,655 metres (11,991 ft) high surmounting the southeast corner of Hercules Névé and the heads of

5607-476: The northwest extremity of the Ross Sea coastline. Here they carried out an extensive programme of scientific observations, although opportunities for inland exploration were restricted by the mountainous and glaciated terrain surrounding the base. In January 1900, the party left Cape Adare in Southern Cross to explore the Ross Sea, following the route taken by Ross 60 years earlier. They reached

5696-488: The northwest slopes of Mount Casey and flows north to Icebreaker Glacier. Mapped by USGS from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-64. Named by US-ACAN for Robert Dunn, United States Navy, commissaryman, McMurdo Station, 1967. 73°32′S 166°42′E  /  73.533°S 166.700°E  / -73.533; 166.700 . A glacier situated east of Mount Murchison , draining south between Dessent Ridge and Cape King into Lady Newnes Bay. Named in 1966 by

5785-458: The northwest slopes of Mount Monteagle and flows north into the upper part of Icebreaker Glacier. Mapped by USGS from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-64. Named by US-ACAN for Russell H. Finley, aviation boatswain's mate with Squadron VX-6 during United States Navy OpDFrz, 1966, 1967 and 1968. 73°36′S 165°46′E  /  73.600°S 165.767°E  / -73.600; 165.767 . A steep tributary glacier which drains

5874-402: The onset of winter. Winter proved to be a difficult time; Bernacchi wrote of rising boredom and irritation: "Officers and men, ten of us in all, found tempers wearing thin". During this period of confinement, Borchgrevink's weaknesses as a commander were exposed; he was, according to Bernacchi, "in many respects ... not a good leader". The polar historian Ranulph Fiennes later described

5963-529: The prospects for fishing, sealing, and mineral extraction. He had proved that it was possible for a resident expedition to survive an Antarctic winter, and had made a series of geographical discoveries. These included new islands in Robertson's Bay and the Ross Sea, and the first landings on Franklin Island, Coulman Island, Ross Island and the Great Ice Barrier. The survey of the Victoria Land coast had revealed

6052-626: The range is near the head of the Aviator Glacier to the west, where it flows round Navigator Nunatak . To the north are the Astronaut Glacier , and Hercules Névé . The Pilot Glacier flows past the southeast side of the plateau into the Aviator Glacier. 73°06′S 164°18′E  /  73.100°S 164.300°E  / -73.100; 164.300 . A small parasite cone on the northwest flank of Mount Overlord, 6.5 nautical miles (12.0 km; 7.5 mi) distant from

6141-455: The seaward end of the rocky west wall of Wylde Glacier where the glacier enters Lady Newnes Bay, Ross Sea. Mapped by USGS from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-64. Named by US-ACAN for Geoffrey A. King, ionospheric and geomagnetic scientist at Hallett Station, 1958. 73°34′S 166°56′E  /  73.567°S 166.933°E  / -73.567; 166.933 . A rounded, ice-filled cove in Lady Newnes Bay, situated between

6230-520: The south end of Deception Plateau, overlooking the point where Pilot Glacier joins the larger Aviator Glacier. Mapped by USGS from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-64. Named by US-ACAN for Lieutenant Commander William E. Shockley, United States Navy, officer in charge of the Squadron VX-6 winter detachment at McMurdo Station, 1966. The southwest of the Mountaineer Range is a triangular block of mountains between Aviator Glacier to

6319-526: The south of the Victory Mountains and northeast of the Southern Cross Mountains . It is bounded by the Aviator Glacier which forms below the Half-ration Névé to the west, and flows south-southeast to Lady Newnes Bay . The bay forms the eastern boundary of the range. To the north it is bound by the Hercules Névé and Mariner Glacier , which flows southeast to Lady Newnes Bay. Features of

6408-586: The south side of the head of Gair Glacier , standing 6 nautical miles (11 km; 6.9 mi) southeast of Mount Supernal. It was mapped by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) from surveys and United States Navy air photos in 1960–64. It was named by the United States Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names (US-ACAN) for Jean P. Whitcomb, radio scientist at McMurdo Station , 1965–66 and 1966–67. 73°14′S 165°54′E  /  73.233°S 165.900°E  / -73.233; 165.900 . A large, rounded mountain 2,180 metres (7,150 ft) high on

6497-510: The south side of upper Meander Glacier, 5 nautical miles (9.3 km; 5.8 mi) southeast of Hobbie Ridge. Mapped by USGS from surveys and United States Navy air photos, 1960-64. Named by US-ACAN for Urbain J. Kinet, biologist at McMurdo Station, 1965-66. 73°00′S 165°43′E  /  73.000°S 165.717°E  / -73.000; 165.717 . A small mountain 2,640 metres (8,660 ft) high situated 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) north of Mount Supernal. Named by

6586-514: The southwest extremity of the Mountaineer Range at the terminus of Aviator Glacier. Sighted in February 1841 by Sir James Clark Ross and named by him for Lieutenant (later Commander) John Sibbald of the Erebus. 73°53′S 165°48′E  /  73.883°S 165.800°E  / -73.883; 165.800 . A prominent, rocky, digit-like point that juts eastward into Lady Newnes Bay toward

6675-466: The time to the pioneer work of the Southern Cross expedition", and that the magnitude of the difficulties it had overcome had previously been underestimated. After the expedition, Borchgrevink lived quietly, largely out of the public eye. He died in Oslo on 21 April 1934. Mount Casey The Mountaineer Range ( 73°28′S 166°15′E  /  73.467°S 166.250°E  / -73.467; 166.250  ( Mountaineer Range ) )

6764-786: The two dog experts from northern Norway, sometimes described in expedition accounts as Lapps or "Finns". Among the scientists was the Tasmanian Louis Bernacchi , who had studied magnetism and meteorology at the Melbourne Observatory . He had been appointed to the Belgian Antarctic Expedition of 1897–1899, but had been unable to take up his post when the expedition's ship, the Belgica , had failed to call at Melbourne on its way south. Bernacchi then travelled to London and secured

6853-399: The way to the south, and threw aside the greatest obstacle to the expeditions that followed". Close to the same spot ten years later, Amundsen would establish his base camp "Framheim", prior to his successful South Pole journey. On its passage northward, Southern Cross halted at Franklin Island , off the Victoria Land coast, and made a series of magnetic calculations. These indicated that

6942-742: The west, Aviator Glacier Tongue and Lady Newnes Bay to the south east and Icebreaker Glacier to the northeast. The Southern Cross Mountains are to the west and south. Features include Mount Monteagle, Cape Sibbald , the Parker Glacier and Andrus Point to the south, Mount Brabec, Finley Glacier , Dunn Glacier to the north, and Mount Casey, Mount Moriarty and Oakley Glacier to the east. 73°43′S 165°28′E  /  73.717°S 165.467°E  / -73.717; 165.467  ( Mount Monteagle ) . A high, sharp peak, 2,780 metres (9,120 ft) high, standing 10 nautical miles (19 km; 12 mi) north of Cape Sibbald in

7031-550: The youngest of the party. The ship's company, under Captain Bernard Jensen, consisted of 19 Norwegian officers and seamen and one Swedish steward. Jensen was an experienced ice navigator in Arctic and Antarctic waters, and had been with Borchgrevink on Bull's Antarctic voyage in 1894–1895. Southern Cross left London on 23 August 1898, after inspection by the Duke of York (the future King George V), who presented

7120-640: Was Nicolai Hanson , a graduate from the Royal Frederick University . Also in the shore party was Herluf Kløvstad, the expedition's medical officer, whose previous appointment had been to a lunatic asylum in Bergen . The others were Anton Fougner, scientific assistant and general handyman; Kolbein Ellifsen, cook and general assistant; and the two Sami dog-handlers, Per Savio and Ole Must, who, at 21 and 20 years of age respectively, were

7209-628: Was William Colbeck , who held a lieutenant's commission in the Royal Naval Reserve . In preparation for the Southern Cross Expedition, Colbeck had taken a course in magnetism at Kew Observatory . Borchgrevink's assistant zoologist was Hugh Blackwell Evans, a vicar's son from Bristol , who had spent three years on a cattle ranch in Canada and had also been on a sealing voyage to the Kerguelen Islands . The chief zoologist

7298-470: Was barque-rigged , 520 gross register tons , and 146 feet (45 m) overall length. The ship was taken to Archer's yard in Larvik to be fitted out with engines designed to Borchgrevink's specification. Although Markham continued to question the ship's seaworthiness, she was able to fulfil all that was required of her in Antarctic waters. Like several of the historic polar ships her post-expedition life

7387-526: Was a lone approving voice. According to Scott's biographer David Crane, if Borchgrevink had been a British naval officer his expedition would have been treated differently, but "a Norwegian seaman/schoolmaster was never going to be taken seriously". A belated recognition came in 1930, long after Markham's death, when the Royal Geographical Society presented Borchgrevink with its Patron's Medal. It admitted that "justice had not been done at

7476-452: Was accomplished from United States Navy air photographs and surveys by New Zealand and American parties in the 1950s and 1960s. The range was named by the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition (NZGSAE), 1958–59, in keeping with the backgrounds of members of the 1957–58 and 1958–59 field parties who made a reconnaissance of the area, and also in association with the names "Aviator" and "Mariner". The Mountaineer Range lies to

7565-432: Was dismissed by members of Scott's Discovery Expedition, who claimed that the island "did not exist", but its position has since been confirmed at 71°38′S, 170°04′E. On 28 January 1900 Southern Cross returned. Borchgrevink and his party quickly vacated the camp, and on 2 February he took the ship south into the Ross Sea. Evidence of a hasty and disorderly departure from Cape Adare was noted two years later by members of

7654-523: Was identified as a volcano by the 4th Italian Antarctic Expedition in the 1988/89 field season, and named by them in 1991 for the volcanologist Alfred Rittmann (1893-1980). Features in the north of the range include Whitcomb Ridge, Hobbie Ridge to the west, Mount Kinet to the south, Mount Anakiwa, Mount Supernal and Mount Montreuil to the north. 73°7′S 166°0′E  /  73.117°S 166.000°E  / -73.117; 166.000  ( Whitcomb Ridge ) . A high, ice-covered ridge along

7743-520: Was published the following year; the English edition, much of which may have been embroidered by Newnes's staff, was criticised for its "journalistic" style and for its bragging tone. The author, whom commentators recognised was "not known for either his modesty or his tact", embarked on a lecture tour of England and Scotland, but the reception was generally poor. Despite the unexplained disappearance of many of Hanson's notes, Hugh Robert Mill described

7832-589: Was relatively short. She was sold to the Newfoundland Sealing Company, and in April 1914, was lost with her entire complement of 173, in the 1914 Newfoundland sealing disaster . The ten-man shore party who were to winter at Cape Adare consisted of Borchgrevink, five scientists, a medical officer, a cook who also served as a general assistant, and two dog drivers. Five—including Borchgrevink—were Norwegian, two were English, one Australian and

7921-471: Was so named by the southern party of the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition (NZGSAE), 1966–67, because of its deceptively small appearance when viewed from a distance. 73°17′S 164°40′E  /  73.283°S 164.667°E  / -73.283; 164.667 . A mountain 2,780 metres (9,120 ft) high surmounting the southwest edge of Deception Plateau, 8 nautical miles (15 km; 9.2 mi) south of Mount Overlord. Mapped by

#756243