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53-400: The boundary of Pasar Minggu is Kemang Selatan Road - Warung Jati Timur Road - Kalibata Timur Road to the north, Ciliwung River to the east, and Krukut River to the west. The southern portion of Jakarta Outer Ring Road passed through Pasar Minggu district. The district of Pasar Minggu is divided into seven kelurahan or subdistricts: The name Pasar Minggu derives from Pasar Minggu ,

106-857: A 23 kilometers canal from the Cipinang to the east and then to the north of Java Sea as a quarter of a circle with 100 to 300 meters width. On December 19, 2013, a contract to build water tunnel(s) to the East Flood Canal from the Ciliwung with a minimum capacity of 60 cubic meters per second was signed by the Public Works Ministry. So, the floods in East Jakarta to the north and along the Ciliwung River will be eased. The Ciliwung Basin has been populated at least since

159-659: A line to Tanjong Sambar ( 3°00′S 110°19′E  /  3.000°S 110.317°E  / -3.000; 110.317 ) the Southwest extreme of Borneo ], the South coast of Borneo and the Southern limit of Makassar Strait [By a line from the Southwestern extreme of Celebes ( 5°37′S 119°27′E  /  5.617°S 119.450°E  / -5.617; 119.450 ), through the Southern point of Tana Keke, to

212-539: A lock was constructed at the west side of the Noordwijk (named schutsluis Noordwijk, later becoming the Willemsluis) to protect Noordwijk from flooding, The lock gives name to the streets surrounding the area Jalan Pintu Air ("water lock street"). The part of the Ciliwung that flows straight from Harmoni to the north used to be a private river with toll payments for those who wanted to pass through it. This river

265-486: A narrow and elongated shape. The 17.2 km length of the upstream area has a very steep slope (0.08), The 25.4 km length in the middle-reach has a slope of 0.01, and the downstream, 55 km in length, has a flat slope of 0.0018. In general, the geology the upstream of Ciliwung basin is dominated by Tuffaceous Breccia and older deposits of lahar and lava . The middle reach consists mainly of Quaternary period alluvial fans and volcanic rocks. The downstream area

318-643: A new canal known as the Gunung Sahari Canal. Gunung Sahari Canal diverted the flow of the Ciliwung to reach the Java Sea to the north, near the mouth of River Ancol (now the canal near Dunia Fantasi ). In the Gunung Sahari Canal, the Ciliwung merged again with its old course at the Krekot Sentiong area. The construction of the Gunung Sahari Canal caused frequent flooding in the area along the Noordwijk (now Jalan Ir. H. Juanda). Because of this,

371-556: A northern direction passing several active volcanoes, Mount Salak , Mount Kendeng , and Mount Halimun , and crosses two main cities Bogor and Jakarta before finally flowing into the Java Sea through Jakarta Bay . The main tributaries in the upper catchment area are the Ciesek and Ciluar with respective lengths of 9.7 km and 21.0 km, with catchment areas of 27.15 km and 35.25 km respectively. The Ciliwung basin has

424-419: A reorganization of the watercourse of the rivers around the area into canals. The etymology of Ciliwung is uncertain; the initial syllable "ci" means "river"; of the "liwung" part, the two least implausible assumptions are "the whirlpool" (compare Sundanese liwung "be distressed, upset") or "the meandering one" (compare Malay liuk , liut "to twist"). It is possible that the name originated from one of

477-485: A state-owned market located in the administrative village of the same name. The neighborhood of Pasar Minggu was – in the 17th-century – an ommelanden of Batavia located uphill. The land is located between the Ciliwung to the east and the stream of Mampang. In the 18th-century, two parcels of land in what is now the district of Pasar Minggu were recorded as the property of Diogo Merendo and Simão Rodrigo who bought

530-510: A total surface area of 320,000 km (120,000 sq mi). It formed as sea levels rose at the end of the last ice age . Its almost uniformly flat bottom, and the presence of drainage channels (traceable to the mouths of island rivers), indicate that the Sunda Shelf was once a stable, dry, low-relief land area ( peneplain ) above which were left standing a few monadnocks (granite hills that, due to their resistance to erosion, form

583-413: A typical Dutch city pattern. The waters of Ciliwung were also channeled to form two inner and outer moats and a wall surrounding the city of Batavia. The largest canal that flows through the middle of Batavia was named Kali Besar or Dutch Grote Rivier ("Big River"). Small boats sailed along Ciliwung to transport goods from warehouses close to Kali Besar to ships anchored at the port. The maintenance of

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636-459: Is a 119 km long river in the northwestern region of Java where it flows through two provinces, West Java and the special region of Jakarta . The natural estuary of the Ciliwung, known as the Kali Besar ("Big River"), was an important strategic point for trade in the precolonial and colonial periods and was instrumental in the founding of the port city of Jakarta, but has been lost from

689-528: Is a disposal area. As a result, the river is growing shallower and the flow slower. In 2014, the Audit Board of Indonesia released a four-year audit of the river and found that seventeen separate companies had been polluting its waters, submitting a report to the police. Indonesian Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing (PUPR) has a separate Ciliwung Cisadane River Region Center (BBWSCC). DKI Jakarta Provincial Government and BBWSCC have an agreement on

742-559: Is a problem in the Ciliwung. With many of the original forests converted into settlements around the Puncak area, the flooding has worsened each year. In 2012, the government of Indonesia announced a 20-year plan to clean up the Ciliwung, which kicked off with a $ 10 million restoration project that will include the construction of a waste processing facility in 2013 and an education centre for riverside communities.   The city administration now hires over 4000 workers to regularly clean

795-447: Is dominated by alluvial and beach ridge deposits. Mean rainfall reaches 3,125 mm, with a mean annual discharge of 16 m /s as measured at Ciliwung Ratujaya observation station (231 km ). With such topographical, geological, and hydrological features, the Ciliwung River is often overflowing and inundating parts of Jakarta. The population along the Ciliwung River basin reaches 4.088 million (Census 2000) which can be regarded as

848-516: Is known as Batang Hari Canal, previously known as Molenvliet , which was dug in the 17th century. Formerly the water branches into two directions in Glodok, following the two courses that are now Jalan Pancoran and Jalan Pinangsia Raya; today the water from Batang Hari canal was diverted east before Lindeteves Trade Center. Eventually, the water ends up in Sunda Kelapa harbor after passing through

901-598: Is not in flood condition. The tunnel is 2.9 kilometers long and diameter of six meters. The Ciliwung flows through two provinces, West Java and the Special Region of Jakarta. Two main ethnic groups dominate the region, namely the Sundanese (West Java) in southern Ciliwung and Orang Betawi (Jakarta) in northern Ciliwung. Culture in the Bogor area is mainly Sundanese, such as can be observed in traditional dances,

954-525: The 4th century. Two kingdoms were founded along the Upper Ciliwung in Bogor ; Tarumanegara (4th-5th Century) with its King Purnawarman and Sunda (15th-16th Century) with its King Sri Baduga . The existence of these Kingdoms is found in ancient inscriptions at Ciaruteun (Tarumanagara) and Batutulis (Padjajaran). In the early 16th century, the Ciliwung was an important means of transportation from

1007-532: The Ciliwung in Jakarta is heavily polluted. Informal settlements or slums flourished on the banks of the Ciliwung, increasing the amount of waste and reducing the surface area of the river. Some canals were completely blocked by slums and people created informal gardens inside by drying the canal. Water maintenance and ecological awareness are minimal. Other sources of pollution originate from agricultural runoff of upstream river users and industrial pollution. Flooding

1060-597: The Eastern point ( 2°34′S 106°51′E  /  2.567°S 106.850°E  / -2.567; 106.850 ), on to Tanjong Djemang ( 2°36′S 107°37′E  /  2.600°S 107.617°E  / -2.600; 107.617 ) in Billiton , along the North coast of this island to Tanjong Boeroeng Mandi ( 2°46′S 108°16′E  /  2.767°S 108.267°E  / -2.767; 108.267 ) and thence

1113-610: The Java Sea from February to March 1942, was one of the costliest naval battles of World War II . The naval forces of the Netherlands, Britain, Australia, and the United States were nearly destroyed trying to defend Java from Japanese attack. On 28 December 2014, Indonesia AirAsia Flight 8501 crashed into the Java Sea while on route to Singapore from Surabaya , East Java. All 162 passengers and crew were killed. On 29 October 2018, Lion Air Flight 610 crashed into

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1166-619: The Java Sea shortly after takeoff from Soekarno–Hatta International Airport in Jakarta heading towards Depati Amir Airport in Pangkal Pinang . All 189 passengers and crew on board are dead. On 9 January 2021, a Boeing 737-500 (PK-CLC) operating as Sriwijaya Air Flight 182 , crashed, near Laki Island, shortly after taking off from Soekarno–Hatta International Airport , en route to Supadio International Airport , with 50 passengers and 12 crew members aboard. The southern section of

1219-708: The Ketuk Tilu, or the Jaipongan which is modern, sensual, and full of spirit. Specific Sundanese music can be observed from the Degung , Calung , Angklung , and Kecapi suling . The culture of Jakarta can be seen in the Yapong dance and Gambang kromong , as well as Kroncong music, which can still be found at Tugu, north of Jakarta. Also famous is a humorous play, the Lenong, using a special Betawi dialect. The section of

1272-563: The Portuguese to trade in pepper in exchange for permission to build a fort to protect the main port of Sunda Kalapa. The pact was immortalized in a 1522 padrão . Despite the treaty, the Portuguese failed to construct the fort in the given year. The padrão of Sunda Kelapa was found by Fatahillah, commander of the Sultanate of Demak, and fell into the Ciliwung without any ceremony. The padrão will only be rediscovered in 1918. Sunda Kelapa

1325-688: The Southeast extreme of the island], the North and West coasts of Java to Java Hoofd ( 6°46′S 105°12′E  /  6.767°S 105.200°E  / -6.767; 105.200 ) its Western point, and thence a line to Vlakke Hoek ( 5°55′S 104°35′E  /  5.917°S 104.583°E  / -5.917; 104.583 ) the Southern extreme of Sumatra . On the West. The East coast of Sumatra between Vlakke Hoek and Lucipara Point ( 3°14′S 106°05′E  /  3.233°S 106.083°E  / -3.233; 106.083 ). The Battle of

1378-663: The Southern extreme of Laoet ( 4°06′S 116°06′E  /  4.100°S 116.100°E  / -4.100; 116.100 ) thence up the West coast of that island to Tanjong Kiwi and thence across to Tanjong Petang, Borneo ( 3°37′S 115°57′E  /  3.617°S 115.950°E  / -3.617; 115.950 ) at the Southern end of Laoet Strait]. On the East. By the Western limit of Flores Sea [A line from Tg Sarokaja ( 8°22′S 117°10′E  /  8.367°S 117.167°E  / -8.367; 117.167 ) to

1431-539: The Western Paternoster Island to the East point of Sepandjang and thence through this island to the West point of Gedeh Bay on the South coast of Kangean ( 7°01′S 115°18′E  /  7.017°S 115.300°E  / -7.017; 115.300 ). A line from the West point of Gedeh Bay, Kangean Island, to Tg Sedano, the Northeast extreme of Java and down the East coast to Tg Bantenan,

1484-622: The Western Paternoster island ( 7°26′S 117°08′E  /  7.433°S 117.133°E  / -7.433; 117.133 ) thence to the Northeastern Postiljon Island ( 6°33′S 118°49′E  /  6.550°S 118.817°E  / -6.550; 118.817 ) and to the West point of Laikang Bay, Celebes]. On the South. By the Northern and Northwestern limits of Bali Sea [A line from

1537-543: The accumulation of sand and mud and what more with the earthquake in January 1699 A Ciliwung tributary that empties into the ocean was used for ship entrance into the castle from the canals to Waterpoort . The water of the canals was used by the citizens for drinking water. In 1689, the canals were still unpolluted and could be used for drinking water. The earthquake, which occurred in January 1699, caused an increase in sedimentation levels. Heaps of mud and sand accumulated in

1590-557: The canals of Jakarta Old Town . The eastern branch flows along the canal of Jalan Antara, passing the Gedung Kesenian Jakarta and then along the canal of Jalan Gunung Sahari. The water ends up in Ancol. Initially, a canal linked the eastern and the western branches of Ciliwung. Today this canal, which is now located on the south side of Jalan Tol Pelabuhan, was filled with slum settlement due to careless planning after

1643-406: The canals within the walled city of Batavia is difficult because of its frequent sedimentation. In the middle of the 1630s, the canals became shallow, making it difficult for ships to enter Batavia. To deal with this, an 800 m long ditch was constructed to the sea that was routinely dredged to ease the flow of water. The length of the ditch increased to 1,350 m (1827) from the mouth of the river due to

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1696-519: The city's rivers, canals, lakes, and coastal areas. Ex-Governor Basuki Tjahaja Purnama also plans to turn parts of the Ciliwung riverbank into a tourist site. Java Sea The Java Sea ( Indonesian : Laut Jawa , Javanese : Segara Jawa ) is an extensive shallow sea on the Sunda Shelf , between the Indonesian islands of Borneo to the north, Java to the south, Sumatra to

1749-707: The ditch that was dredged to ease the flow of the water to and from the river. In 1740, the canal of Batavia was considered unhealthy because of rubbish and the waste from the Binnen Hospital discharged into the river. Many patients suffered from dysentery and cholera . The unhygienic drinking water caused high death rates among the Batavia citizens. On the other hand, most of the Chinese who drank tea rarely got sick. Aware of this, many Dutch people ate tea leaves to stay healthy, but this attempt did not succeed. By

1802-405: The end of the 18th century, Doctor Thunberg still prescribed tea leaves instead of boiled water. It was still unknown at that time that bacteria could be killed by boiling water until boiling point. The Dutch still drank water from the Ciliwung through the 19th century. Water from the Ciliwung was initially stored in a reservoir ( waterplaats or aquada ) near Fort Jacatra, north of the city. Later

1855-536: The expansion of the boundary of the city of Jakarta, the area of Pasar Minggu was planned as a residential area. The plan converts some of the existing orchards into residential. The present Pasar Minggu building was inaugurated by the governor of Jakarta at that time Governor Tjokropranolo in 1984. Ciliwung River The Ciliwung (often written as Ci Liwung as the "ci" prefix simply translates as "river"; also as Tjiliwoeng in Dutch, Sundanese : ᮎᮤᮜᮤᮝᮥᮀ)

1908-548: The fortified city of Pakuan Pajajaran , the capital of the Hindu Sunda Kingdom . Sunda Kelapa, located at the mouth of the Ciliwung (more or less at the north end of present Kali Besar ), was the main harbor of the Kingdom of Sunda. Among the many epithets of the king Sri Baduga Maharaja , was Prabu Haliwungan - so called because of his temperamental attitude. The Ci Haliwung or Ci Liwung was probably named after

1961-712: The independence period. After 1918 Jakarta's big flood, a new canal, the Banjir canal ("flood canal"), was constructed in 1922 to divert the water of several rivers of Jakarta, which includes Ciliwung, Cideng , and Krukut . The flow of the Ciliwung was diverted through the Manggarai floodgate , constructed at the point near Manggarai station . The water is diverted to the west of the city through Pasar Rumput, Dukuh Atas going northwest to Karet Kubur, and continues to Tanah Abang, Tomang, Grogol, Pademangan, and ends at Muara Angke. The New East Flood Canal has been opened since 2010,

2014-545: The king's epithet. The name Ci Haliwung or Tji Haliwoeng was recorded in the map of C.M. Pleyte (1919). During the rise of the Hindu Kingdom of Sunda, the Ciliwung became an important means of transportation for the kingdom. To protect Sunda Kelapa from the Islamic Sultanate of Cirebon and Demak, Prabu Surawisesa (recorded by the Portuguese as Samian) was instructed by the king to sign a peace treaty with

2067-488: The land in mid 17th-century. Before 1920, market activity in the area was centered in Kampung Lio, closer to the west bank of the Ciliwung . The market opened every Sunday morning, hence the name Pasar Minggu , Malay for "Sunday Market". Pasar Minggu mainly consisted of bamboo-structured stalls. At this time, the market was also known for its gambling activities and a ronggeng performance known as Doger . In 1920,

2120-524: The location of the market was shifted closer to the railway line. Chinese merchants began setting up their activity in Pasar Minggu, mainly on rice-selling. In 1930, land to the west of Jalan Pasar Minggu (formerly the property of Dales , who took residence in Tanjung West ) was opened by the colonial government to establish a more permanent building for the market. The first structure built for

2173-467: The many epithets of the king of Pajajaran Sri Baduga Maharaja , among them is Prabu Haliwung, so named because of his temperamental attitude. The name "Ci Haliwung" was recorded on the map of C.M. Pleyte (1919). The Ci Liwung is 119 km long with a catchment area of 476 km . The Ciliwung has its source at Mandalawangi in Bogor Regency with the highest peak at 3,002 m. The river flows in

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2226-424: The market was a simple steel structure topped with a zinc roof. The new market sold a variety of daily necessities e.g. clothing, as well as fruits, mostly collected from the surrounding orchards. Pasar Minggu was also set to open every day. Despite this, Pasar Minggu was still busier on Sunday. In 1931, the road connecting Pasar Minggu with Manggarai was paved, giving more access for people to Pasar Minggu. Following

2279-449: The most densely populated area. The natural flow of the Ciliwung was diverted into canals by the Dutch during the early settlement of Jakarta (then named Batavia). Beginning in an area that is now Istiqlal Mosque, the Ciliwung was diverted into two canals, one flowing northwest and one flowing northeast. The western branch flows along the canal of Jalan Veteran and then through the canal of Jalan Gajah Mada . This 2 km straight canal

2332-550: The normalization of some rivers in Jakarta. The DKI Provincial Government is tasked with freeing land for normalization needs to be carried out by BBWSCC. A restoration project is undertaken to widen and water flow of the river. The restoration project is divided into four sections with a total length of about 19 km, extending from Manggarai to the Jl. TB Simatupang area in South Jakarta . The Ciliwung will also be widened from

2385-505: The present 25 meters up to 40 – 50 meters. It is expected that the water flow will increase from the current 200 cubic meters per second to 570 cubic meters per second. A coordination meeting on January 20, 2014, among the Ministry of Public Works, Ministry of Environment, Jakarta Governor, Bogor Mayor, Bogor Regent, and Ciliwung-Cisadane Rivers Control Office agreed to build Ciliwung to Cisadane River to ease Ciliwung debit when Cisadane

2438-611: The present islands). The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) defines the Java Sea as one of the waters of the East Indian Archipelago , with the following criteria: On the North. By the Southern limit of the South China Sea [Lucipara Point ( 3°14′S 106°05′E  /  3.233°S 106.083°E  / -3.233; 106.083 ) thence to Tanjong Nanka, the Southwest extremity of Bangka Island , through this island to Tanjong Berikat

2491-482: The reservoir was transferred to the sides of Molenvliet in the Glodok area. The reservoir contains wooden water outlets which pour water from a height of about 10 feet. The local people know the area around this reservoir as Pancuran . Back then when Molenvliet was deep enough for boats to sail, the annual Peh Cun or Dragon Boat festival was held in the river. Outside Batavia, within the ommelanden (the area surrounding Batavia), canals were constructed by channeling

2544-456: The seafloor has long been recognized as geologically similar to northern Java, where oil fields occur and extend under the sea. Prospects are also favorable for oil fields in the waters off southeast Kalimantan . As the site of successful exploration for petroleum and natural gas, the Java Sea has become the basis of Indonesia's export program. Fishing is an important economic activity in the Java Sea. Over 3,000 species of marine life are found in

2597-480: The waters of the rivers surrounding Batavia (e.g. the Ciliwung, River Ancol, River Angke, River Krukut, and River Grogol). The creation of canals is mainly to improve the transportation of goods to the walled city of Batavia and to expand agricultural land by draining the water of the marshes surrounding Batavia to be converted into arable land. In 1648, the Ciliwung was connected with the Krukut via Molenvliet . There

2650-438: The west, and Sulawesi to the east. Karimata Strait to its northwest links it to the South China Sea . It is a part of the western Pacific Ocean . The Java Sea covers the southern section of the 1,790,000 km (690,000 sq mi) Sunda Shelf . A shallow sea, it has a mean depth of 46 m (151 ft). It measures about 1,600 km (990 mi) east-west by 380 km (240 mi) north-south and occupies

2703-483: Was an attempt to close the Ciliwung River course north of Noordwijk . The part of the river was dammed so that the river was forced to flow westward via Molenvliet. Despite the attempt, seasonal flooding occurred where the Ciliwung forced its water to flow back to its old tributary, which was still happening around 1725. In 1681, the Ciliwung flow was diverted toward the east along the Postweg (now Jalan Pos) to reach

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2756-469: Was named Molenvliet and it was built by the Dutch by Kapitein der Chinezen (head of the Chinese in Betawi), Phoa Beng Gan known as Beng Gan. In 1648, Beng Gan received permission from the company to build this river and collected toll payments from sampans that passed through. In 1654, it was taken over by the company for 1.000 real. The river water is murky once it reaches Jakarta because the area of its flow

2809-474: Was used as the main port by the Dutch (1619) who constructed a fort at the east bank of the estuary and founded Batavia , the largest city and the capital of the East Indies Empire until the city was transformed into Jakarta after the independence of Indonesia . Sultanate of Banten (1527) With the establishment of Batavia in the 17th century, the Dutch diverted Ciliwung into canals following

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