The Pecan Bowl was the name of two college football bowl games played in two different eras. The initial version, in 1946 and 1947, was contested by historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs). The later version, held from 1964 through 1970, was an NCAA College Division regional final.
39-653: The original Pecan Bowl was played in Orangeburg, South Carolina in 1946 and 1947. Both games were hosted (and won) by South Carolina State . The Pecan Bowl name was revived for one of the four regional finals of the College Division , before it was subdivided into Division II and Division III in 1973. The game served as the championship for the Midwest Region from 1964 to 1970, at a time when there were no playoffs at any level of NCAA football. For
78-524: A game won by top-ranked NDSU. In March 1971 the Midwest regional final was moved from Arlington to Wichita Falls, Texas , where it was rebranded as the Pioneer Bowl . Orangeburg, South Carolina Orangeburg , also known as The Burg , is the principal city in and the county seat of Orangeburg County , South Carolina , United States. The population of the city was 13,964 according to
117-499: A total area of 8.3 square miles (21.5 km ), of which 8.3 square miles (21.5 km ) is land and 0.12% is water. The climate in this area is characterized by relatively high temperatures and evenly distributed precipitation throughout the year. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Orangeburg has a humid subtropical climate , abbreviated Cfa on climate maps. As of
156-432: Is composed of a mayor and six members. The mayor is determined through a nonpartisan, at-large election for a four-year term of office while Council Members are chosen through nonpartisan, single-member district (SMD) elections. Council members are elected to staggered four-year terms of office. The City council is a legislative body, establishing policies with recommendations from the professional city administrator, who
195-473: Is hired by the council. The city administrator acts as the chief administrator of the council's policies implemented through the administrative control of city departments given to him by ordinance. Mayor Council Members State Senators The following table shows Orangeburg's crime rate in 6 crimes that Morgan Quitno uses in its calculations for "America's most dangerous cities" rankings, in comparison to 10,000 people. The statistics provided are not for
234-629: Is now the territory of the United States was Theobald (Diebold) von Erlach (1541–1565). The history of the Amish church began with a schism in Switzerland within a group of Swiss and Alsatian Anabaptists in 1693 led by Jakob Ammann , a native of Erlenbach im Simmental . During the late 18th and early 19th centuries, a flow of Swiss farmers formed colonies, particularly in Russia and
273-609: The 2020 United States census , there were 13,240 people, 4,455 households, and 2,283 families residing in the city. As of the census of 2010, there were 13,964 people, 4,512 households, and 2,526 families residing in the city. The population density was 1648.8 There were 5,168 housing units at an average density of 623.1 per square mile (240.6/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 75.04% African American , 19.2% White , 0.18% Native American , 1.74% Asian , 0.05% Pacific Islander , 0.79% from other races , and 1.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.9% of
312-610: The 2020 census . The city is located 37 miles southeast of Columbia , on the north fork of the Edisto River . Two historically black institutions of higher education are located in Orangeburg: Claflin University (a liberal arts college ) and South Carolina State University (a public university). European settlement in this area started in 1704 when George Sterling set up a post here for fur trade with Native Americans. To encourage settlement,
351-477: The Civil Rights Act of 1964 . On February 8, 1968, after days of protests against a segregated bowling alley , violence broke out near the bowling alley as police attacked Black students from South Carolina State. Police opened fire on a crowd of students, killing Samuel Hammond, Henry Smith, and Delano Middleton, and wounding 27 others in what became known as the " Orangeburg Massacre ". In May 2000,
390-825: The Congress of Racial Equality (CORE). In August 1963, the Orangeburg Freedom Movement (OFM), chaired by Harlowe Caldwell of the NAACP , submitted 10 pro-integration demands to the Orangeburg Mayor and City Council. After negotiations failed, mass demonstrations similar to those in the Birmingham campaign in Alabama resulted in more than 1,300 arrests. Local efforts to end segregation in public places continued, particularly after Congress passed
429-792: The Midwest . Swiss immigration diminished after 1930, although limited immigration continues. The number of Americans of Swiss descent is nearly one million. The Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs reported the permanent residency of Swiss nationals in the United States as 80,218 in 2015. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, 26,896 individuals born in Switzerland declared that they were of Swiss ancestry in 2015, 3,047 individuals born in Switzerland declared that they were of German ancestry in 2015, 1,255 individuals born in Switzerland declared that they were of French ancestry in 2015, and 2,555 individuals born in Switzerland declared that they were of Italian ancestry in 2015. The first Swiss person in what
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#1732780941832468-579: The National Register of Historic Places : Swiss Americans Swiss Americans are Americans of Swiss descent. Swiss emigration to America predates the formation of the United States, notably in connection with the persecution of Anabaptism during the Swiss Reformation and the formation of the Amish community. In the 19th century, there was substantial immigration of Swiss farmers, who preferred rural settlements in
507-795: The Tangerine (later Boardwalk ), Grantland Rice , and Camellia bowls. Louisiana was moved to the Mideast Region in 1967, prior to the Grantland Rice Bowl relocating from Murfreesboro, Tennessee, to Baton Rouge. The bowl name was selected through a public contest in 1964, and was considered appropriate as Abilene is in the Texas pecan belt. The game was played four times at Shotwell Stadium in Abilene , before moving to Arlington 's Memorial Stadium in 1968. The last Pecan Bowl
546-671: The American Civil War than in any other foreign conflict except the Battle of Marignano in 1515 and Napoleon's Russian Campaign of 1812 ." Swiss immigration diminished after 1930 because of the depression and World War II , but 23,700 more Swiss had arrived by 1960, followed by 29,100 more between 1961 and 1990, many of whom were professionals or employees in American branches of Swiss companies who later returned to Switzerland. The 2000 Census included seven communities in
585-518: The Gardens. The site was first developed in the 1920s with some azaleas on 5 acres (20,000 m ) of land. A playground was added in 1922, and a greenhouse and nursery facility in 1947. To extend the season of beauty, the first rose garden was planted in 1951. Currently, there are more than 50 beds of roses ranging from miniatures from grandiflora to climbers on over 150 acres (0.61 km ) of land. The IP Stanback Museum & Planetarium , named for
624-629: The General Assembly of the Province of South Carolina in 1730 organized the area as a township, naming it Orangeburg for William IV , Prince of Orange , the son-in-law of King George II of Great Britain . In 1735, a colony of 200 Swiss , German and Dutch immigrants formed a community near the banks of the North Edisto River. The site was attractive because of the fertile soil and the abundance of wildlife. The river provided
663-832: The Heimat (Homeland). The William Tell Verein of Oakland and the Helvetia Verein of Sacramento, founded in the 1890s, were examples of clubs formed during this period. Much later, the West Coast Swiss Wrestling Association was established to preserve the Swiss tradition of Schwingen (Swiss wrestling) on the Pacific coast of the United States. Of Swiss immigrant involvement in the Civil War , David Vogelsanger writes, "More Swiss participated in
702-552: The United States. Before the year 1820 some estimated 25,000 to 30,000 Swiss entered British North America . Most of them settled in regions of today's Pennsylvania as well as North and South Carolina . In the next years until 1860 about as many Swiss arrived, making their homes mainly in the Midwestern states such as Ohio , Indiana , Illinois and Wisconsin . Approximately 50,000 came between 1860 and 1880, some 82,000 between 1881 and 1890, and estimated 90,000 more during
741-688: The actual number of crimes committed, but for the number of crimes committed per capita. Orangeburg has a public library , a branch of the Orangeburg County Library. The Times and Democrat serves as the daily newspaper for the Orangeburg area. The Edisto Memorial Gardens displays past and current award-winning roses from the All-American Rose Selections. Some 4,000 plants representing at least 75 labeled varieties of roses are always on display in
780-466: The all-important transportation waterway to the port of Charleston on the Atlantic coast for the area's agriculture and lumber products, and for shipping goods upriver. The town soon became a well-established and successful colony, composed chiefly of small yeomen farmers. Orangeburg's first church was established by a German Lutheran congregation. It later identified as an Anglican Church , which
819-404: The average family size was 2.88. In the city, the population was spread out, with 17.7% under the age of 18, 28.6% from 18 to 24, 21.0% from 25 to 44, 17.5% from 45 to 64, and 15.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females, there were 76.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 71.0 males. The median income for a household in the city
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#1732780941832858-1166: The city created the Orangeburg County Community of Character initiative. It is a collaborative effort in community development by the Downtown Orangeburg Revitalization Association (DORA), The Times and Democrat newspaper, the Orangeburg County Chamber of Commerce, and the Orangeburg County Development Commission. In 2005, the National Civic League awarded Orangeburg County the All-America City Award which recognizes and encourages civic excellence. It honors communities in which citizens, government, businesses, and non-profit organizations demonstrate successful resolution of critical community issues. In 2007, Orangeburg hosted
897-601: The city. After the US Supreme Court ruling in Brown v. Board of Education (1954) declaring segregation in public schools to be unconstitutional, local blacks sought integration of local schools in 1956. Whites retaliated economically, sometimes firing activists or evicting them from rental housing. College students came to their support with hunger strikes, boycotts, and mass marches. In 1960, over 400 students were arrested on sit-ins and integration marches organized by
936-731: The coastal areas or the Upper South via the domestic slave trade. Slaves became the majority of population in the county and city. Freed after the Civil War, blacks began to gain educations, and two colleges were established in the city, the second designated as a land grant institution for all black students in the state under segregation. Blacks were also subject to Jim Crow laws passed by the Democrat-dominated state legislature; they were deprived of their ability to vote by South Carolina's disenfranchising constitution passed at
975-407: The county changed dramatically. Invention by Eli Whitney of a mass-produced cotton gin for processing short-staple or "green seed" cotton made this type of cotton profitable. It was easily grown in the upland areas, and the county was rapidly developed into large cotton plantations. Agricultural labor was provided by enslaved African Americans , many brought into the area in a forced migration from
1014-454: The first African-American chairman of the university's board of trustees, Israel Pinkney Stanback, had its origin in the basement of the then South Carolina State College's library in the early 1970s. The Museum and Planetarium is located on the campus of South Carolina State University and signifies their commitment to community service. The Museum's exhibition area is one of the largest in the state. Its forty-foot planetarium dome, located across
1053-543: The first Democratic U.S. presidential candidate debate of the campaign season at Martin Luther King Jr. Auditorium on the campus of South Carolina State University ; future president Barack Obama was one of the debaters. In 2021, President Joe Biden visited Orangeburg to deliver a commencement address at South Carolina State. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has
1092-423: The foyer adjacent to the galleries, has an auditorium capacity of eighty-two seats and a Minolta IIB Planetarium Projector. The building is easily accessible to the handicapped and is a uniquely adaptable facility, capable of hosting many different types of presentations. The Orangeburg Festival of Roses began as a vision held by a group of citizens seeking a way to enhance the development of Orangeburg and improve
1131-572: The lifestyle and political institutions of the United States were compliant with those of their homeland most Swiss had no problems starting a new life in their part of the New World and became attached to both countries. Along with the Swiss Immigrants came their traditions. By the late 1800s sufficient numbers of Swiss had arrived that Swiss Vereins (Clubs) were established to provide camaraderie and sharing of customs and traditions of
1170-736: The next three decades. In spite of Swiss settlements like Highland (Illinois), New Glarus (Wisconsin), New Bern (North Carolina), Gruetli ( Tennessee ) and Bernstadt ( Kentucky ) were emerging fast, most Swiss preferred rural villages of the Midwest and the Pacific Coast where especially the Italian Swiss were taking part in California's winegrowing culture , or then took up residence in more industrial and urban regions such as New York City , Philadelphia , Pittsburgh , Chicago, St. Louis , Denver or San Francisco . As
1209-407: The population. There were 4,421 households, out of which 18.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 33.5% were married couples living together, 18.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 44.0% were non-families. 35.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.23 and
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1248-557: The quality of life for its residents. As a result of that vision, the first festival was held in 1972. The Greater Orangeburg Chamber of Commerce was the sole sponsor of that first festival. At present the City of Orangeburg and the Orangeburg County Chamber of Commerce are co-sponsors of the event. The festival includes such events as a river race, a basscatcher tournament, the Princess of Roses pageant, and various sports tournaments. During
1287-576: The smaller colleges and universities, as for the major programs, the national champion was determined by polls conducted by the leading news wire services. The bowl was played in Abilene, Texas from 1964 to 1967 and in Arlington, Texas , from 1968 to 1970. The intent for the Midwest game was to match the two best non-major teams from a region of eleven states: North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Iowa, Nebraska, Missouri, Kansas, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Texas, and Louisiana. The other three regional finals were
1326-465: The state of Wisconsin with sizable populations having Swiss ancestry. These communities are mostly concentrated in the southern border counties, namely Green , Lafayette , and Dane Counties . According to the 2000 United States Census, the 15 cities with the largest populations of Swiss Americans are as follows: According to the 2007 American Community Survey, the states with the largest populations of Swiss Americans are as follows: According to
1365-520: The turn of the 20th century, which erected barriers to voter registration. In 1919 The Orangeburg Regional Medical Center opened. This area is also known for its extremely rich soil. Efforts by blacks to regain civil rights increased in the postwar period after World War II. In the 1960s, Orangeburg was a major center of Civil Rights Movement activities by students from both Claflin College and South Carolina State College as well as black residents of
1404-610: The winter in Orangeburg, more festivities get under way when raccoon hunters from throughout the Southeast gather for the Grand American Coon Hunt . Also on the "Top Twenty" list, the hunt, which takes place each year in early January, in the largest field trial for coon dogs in the United States and is a qualifying event for the World Coon Hunt. The following notable buildings and districts are listed on
1443-416: Was $ 30,306, and the median income for a family was $ 37,008. Males had a median income of $ 30,310 versus $ 21,935 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 15,263. About 17.9% of families and 24.7% of the population were below the poverty line , including 34.7% of those under age 18 and 14.8% of those age 65 or over. The city operates under the council-manager form of government. The governing body
1482-743: Was held at Arlington's Turnpike Stadium , a minor-league baseball facility subsequently expanded to serve as the initial home of the Texas Rangers in 1972. The inaugural game matched the State College of Iowa (now the University of Northern Iowa ) and Lamar Tech (now Lamar University ), and was won by State College. Two schools made three appearances in the Pecan Bowl, North Dakota State and Arkansas State , with both winning twice and losing once. They played each other in 1968, in
1521-547: Was the established church and exempt from colonial taxation. The church building was erected prior to 1763 in the center of the village; it was destroyed by fighting during the Revolutionary War . A new church was built; during the Civil War , it was used as a smallpox hospital by General William Tecumseh Sherman on his march through with Union forces. After the American Revolution, the character of
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