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Pellissippi Parkway

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116-699: The Pellissippi Parkway is a major highway in Knox and Blount counties in the Knoxville metropolitan area in Tennessee that extends 19.75 miles (31.78 km) from State Route 62 at Solway to SR 33 in Alcoa . It provides access to the cities of Oak Ridge and Maryville from Interstates 40 and 75 in the western part of Knoxville and also serves a major corridor that includes Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Y-12 National Security Complex , and

232-478: A collector-express system in the 1970s. However, it has several RIRO access onramps and offramps to serve residential traffic in addition to its standard parclo interchanges with major arterials . A short section of Highway 400 has the service roads of Davis Road (southbound) and Wist Road (northbound) from South Canal Bank Road to Canal Road in King Township and Bradford West Gwillimbury . There

348-570: A home rule format. The county administrator, formerly known as the County Executive, is called the County Mayor. There is also an elected county commission, which consists of 11 members. Knox County is divided into nine commission districts, with one commissioner elected from each district. Two commissioners are elected countywide and serve as at-large representatives. The county commissioners' districts do not correspond with those of

464-1102: A wrong-way concurrency of 80 and 580 in Berkeley and Emeryville , is served by a frontage which retains the name of the previous road that ran through the corridor: the Eastshore Highway. It is also served by another frontage on the other side of the freeway: West Frontage Road. Interstate 210 in California near Pasadena and Arcadia has frontage roads which include Corson Street in Pasadena (parallel to I-210 West) and Maple Street (parallel to I-210 East) in Pasadena, while Central Avenue (parallel to I-210 West) and Evergreen Avenue (parallel to I-210 East) are in Arcadia. In Orange County, frontage roads exist on sections of these four highways: A short frontage road exists on Interstate 95 in New London just west of

580-550: A backlog of needed road projects throughout the state. The extension was one of six freeway projects under this program, dubbed "Bicentennial Parkways", and was initially expected to cost $ 151.7 million (equivalent to $ 358 million in 2023). The program also proposed that the extension be numbered Interstate 140, which was approved by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) on June 15, 1992, but not allowed to be signed until it

696-642: A connector route to the Interstate to improve access between Oak Ridge and Knoxville, citing inadequacies in the two-lane stretch of SR 62. On December 2, 1965, a delegation of Oak Ridge residents met with the Knox County Highway Technical Advisory Committee and presented their proposal for a new four-lane controlled-access highway to the Interstate, including a new bridge over the Clinch River. During

812-400: A diamond interchange with SR 333 (Topside Road) and crosses a CSX rail line. The Pellissippi Parkway then curves southeast through a cloverleaf interchange with US 129 (Alcoa Highway) north of McGhee Tyson Airport . The freeway then has a southbound-only exit and northbound-only entrance with Cusick Road and crosses a final Norfolk Southern rail line before reaching its terminus at

928-477: A disadvantage, as building a highway with frontage roads can be more expensive than building a highway alone. A different alternative to the concept of frontage roads in urban freeways is the local–express system, which is designed to handle closely spaced interchange ramps without disrupting through traffic. Unlike frontage roads, the local lanes are typically high-speed fully controlled-access lanes, conforming to freeway requirements. These local lanes will run along

1044-570: A dual purpose, they are an inexpensive way to create routes in cycling network, compared to cycletracks or stand-alone bike paths. Extensive amounts of information on frontage roads can be found on Northeastern's webpage. In the People's Republic of China mainland , roads running next to expressways , taking outgoing traffic and feeding incoming traffic, are called either service roads or auxiliary roads ( fudao locally). Where expressways cross larger urban areas, such frontage roads may run next to

1160-480: A female householder with no husband present, and 36.20% were non-families. 29.60% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.34 and the average family size was 2.92. In the county, the population was spread out, with 22.30% under the age of 18, 11.60% from 18 to 24, 30.40% from 25 to 44, 23.10% from 45 to 64, and 12.70% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age

1276-609: A half diamond interchange with SR 33 (Old Knoxville Highway) near the Eagleton Village community. This interchange is graded to allow future extension of the parkway. When Oak Ridge was established by the federal government in 1942 for the uranium enrichment operations of the Manhattan Project , SR 62 became the main route between Oak Ridge and Knoxville. After the completion of the adjoining section of I-40/I-75 in 1961, Oak Ridge officials began pushing for

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1392-527: A length of 11.17 miles (17.98 km) from the junction with I-40 and I-75 to US 129 in Alcoa. The southern segment of SR 162 begins at US 129 and runs 2.74 miles (4.41 km) to SR 33 within Alcoa. The entire highway is a part of the National Highway System . The northernmost 4.6 miles (7.4 km) of the parkway is a four-lane limited-access highway , and the remainder

1508-466: A log house built in the same year by Nicholas Gibbs both still stand in the northern part of the county. Campbell's Station, a fort and stagecoach stop located in what is now Farragut , was built by Captain David Campbell (1753–1832) in 1787. John Sevier established a plantation, known as Marble Springs , in the southern part of the county in the 1790s. He was active in leading raids against

1624-602: A margin of 3,108 to 1,226. Prior to secession, Unionists from Knox County collaborated with other East Tennessee Unionists in an attempt to secede from Tennessee itself and remain part of the Union. Oliver Perry Temple , a Knoxville lawyer, was named to a three-man commission to appear before the General Assembly in Nashville and request East Tennessee and pro-Union Middle Tennessee counties be allowed to secede from

1740-609: A number of science and technology firms. The central portion of the Pellissippi Parkway is included in the Interstate Highway System and is designated Interstate 140 ( I-140 ), while the remainder is designated as State Route 162 ( SR 162 ). The entire highway is part of the National Highway System , a national network of roads identified as important to the national economy, defense, and mobility. It takes its name from an older name for

1856-523: A police department independent of the county sheriff. The property assessor's office, tax offices, and the Metropolitan Planning Commission are combined between the city and county governments. All Knox County elections are conducted on a partisan basis. The county mayor is the head of the executive branch of Knox County Government. The current county mayor is Glenn Jacobs , better known by his WWE persona Kane. According to

1972-454: A population of 20,020 white citizens and 2,370 enslaved African Americans. The lack of slavery combined with the vestiges of a once-strong abolitionist movement were two reasons most residents of Knox County, along with much of East Tennessee, were pro-Union. In February 1861, 89% of Knox Countians voted for the pro-Union ballot in a statewide referendum on secession . On June 8, 1861, the county voted against Tennessee's Ordinance of Secession by

2088-769: A shopping center. A few miles later the Pellissippi Parkway veers south onto a peninsula within Toole's Bend, a bend of the Tennessee River, then curves southeast and crosses the Fort Loudoun Lake impoundment of the river, which forms the Knox–Blount County line, on the Lt. Alexander "Sandy" Bonnyman Memorial Bridge . On the east side of the river, the highway enters the northern outskirts of the city of Alcoa, within which it remains to its eastern end. The freeway has

2204-448: A standard road, street, or avenue . A backage road is a similar concept to a frontage road, but lies on the back side of the land parcels that abut the controlled access's right of way. Like the frontage road, it serves mainly to provide access to those parcels as an alternative to a frontage road. Regardless of which direction the businesses face, the difference is that backage roads will sandwiched between businesses and be separated from

2320-559: A variety of reasons including, but not limited to when neither the primary road nor the crossing is elevated, or gaps in traffic are few and the intervals between those gaps is long. Such examples include: A complex example is US 77 /Commerce ( 34°10′49″N 97°08′35″W  /  34.1802°N 97.1430°W  / 34.1802; -97.1430 ) in Ardmore, Oklahoma , particularly at the Grand Avenue intersection. Right turns from

2436-505: A variety of regional flights to Midwestern and Southern cities. Knox County School District operates public schools in the county. Tennessee School for the Deaf is a state operated school in the county. 35°59′N 83°56′W  /  35.99°N 83.94°W  / 35.99; -83.94 Frontage road A frontage road (also known as an access road , outer road , service road , feeder road , or parallel road )

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2552-663: Is a RIRO interchange to the service roads, signed as to Canal Road, to access the farms of the Holland Marsh and the town of Bradford West Gwillimbury. Although not considered a service road, Lake Shore Boulevard in downtown Toronto has several slip ramps that weave in and out of the parallel Gardiner Expressway , in a similar fashion as a service road. List of service roads on the QEW: List of service roads on ON-400: List of service roads on ON-403: List of RIRO intersections on ON-427: Quebec: Many autoroutes in

2668-481: Is a controlled-access highway . Running in a diagonal southeast–northwest alignment, the I-140 stretch is signed as an east–west route, and both SR 162 sections are signed as north–south. In 2022, annual average daily traffic volumes ranged from 69,195 vehicles north of I-40/I-75 to 14,905 vehicles at the eastern terminus. The Pellissippi Parkway begins at a directional interchange with SR 62 (Oak Ridge Highway) at

2784-489: Is a local road running parallel to a higher-speed, limited-access road . A frontage road is often used to provide access to private driveways, shops, houses, industries or farms. Where parallel high-speed roads are provided as part of a major highway, these are also known as local lanes . Sometimes a similar arrangement is used for city roads; for example, the collector portion of Commonwealth Avenue in Boston, Massachusetts,

2900-579: Is currently planned to be extended approximately 4 miles (6.4 km) to US 321 . This plan has been the subject of intense community opposition from locals, however, and has been repeatedly delayed as a result. The Pellissippi Parkway comprises I-140 and two sections of SR 162 that seamlessly extend from either end of the Interstate Highway segment. The northern segment of SR 162 runs 5.84 miles (9.40 km) from SR 62 at Solway south to I-40 and I-75 in Knoxville . I-140 has

3016-479: Is known as a carriage road . Frontage roads provide access to homes and businesses which would otherwise be cut off by a limited-access road and connect these locations with roads which have direct access to the main roadway. Frontage roads give indirect access to abutting property along a freeway , either preventing the commercial disruption of an urban area that the freeway traverses or allowing commercial development of abutting property . At times, they add to

3132-491: Is land and 18 square miles (47 km ) (3.4%) is water. The county lies amidst the Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians , which are characterized by long, narrow ridges, oriented northeast-to-southwest, alternating with similarly shaped valleys. Notable ridges in the county include Bays Mountain , McAnnally Ridge, Beaver Ridge, Sharp's Ridge and Copper Ridge. House Mountain , at 2,064 feet (629 m),

3248-557: Is largely due to the influence of Knoxville, which has had a recent tendency to vote Democratic in statewide races, has elected Democratic mayors and regularly sends Democrats to the state legislature. However, the suburban and rural areas are among the most Republican areas of Tennessee and the South. Presidentially, Franklin Roosevelt carried the county in three of his four presidential elections, while several nearby counties are among

3364-529: Is less common. In Argentina , especially around Buenos Aires , frontage roads known as colectoras can be found next to freeways. Examples include Avenida General Paz , Ruta 8 , and Ruta 9 coming into Buenos Aires. Ontario: A freeway with a significant remaining network of service roads is the Queen Elizabeth Way (QEW) . However, most of the slip ramps between St. Catharines and Mississauga were removed during major reconstruction in

3480-464: Is no formal (frontage road) alternative. There are also some disadvantages to using frontage roads. When frontage roads are used without controlling the access to the primary road, at every intersection where an intersecting road runs across the primary, the number of conflict points increases one fold for each frontage road, since each frontage road is itself another intersection. A highway with frontage roads can be difficult for pedestrians to cross, for

3596-515: Is the county's highest point, and is the focus of a state natural area. The Holston and French Broad rivers join to form the Tennessee River in the eastern part of the county, an area known as "Forks-of-the-River." This section of the river is part of Fort Loudoun Lake, which is created by Fort Loudoun Dam on the river several miles downstream in Lenoir City . Cherokee Caverns is 14 miles west of Knoxville and can be accessed by Highway 62. It

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3712-633: The Cherokee people , who for years resisted with force American settlement in their territory. Important railroad lines passed through Knox County, making it a strategic area both for Union and for Confederate forces throughout the Civil War . Since the mountainous terrain of East Tennessee was mostly unsuitable for plantation crops such as cotton , slavery was not as prevalent as it was in Middle and West Tennessee. The US 1860 census of Knox County showed

3828-536: The Clinch River of Native American origin. The Pellissippi Parkway was initially constructed between I-40/I-75 and Solway from 1970 to 1973 in order to improve access between Knoxville and Oak Ridge. A proposal to extend the highway to US 129 arose while the initial section was under construction, and this occurred in multiple segments between 1987 and 1996. The parkway was extended to its current eastern terminus in two sections, which opened in 1996 and 2005, and

3944-909: The Filinvest City exit. Other major roads in the country with two-way service roads include Roxas Boulevard , with service roads catering to local establishments along the thoroughfare. The East Service Road runs from Kalaw Avenue in Ermita , Manila to C. Rivera Street in Pasay while the shorter West Service Road runs from Vicente Sotto Street to Gil Puyat Avenue within Bay City . Ortigas Avenue in Greenhills, San Juan contains two service roads. The eastbound one-way service roads from Roosevelt Street to Wilson Street, and from Wilson Street to Connecticut Street provide access to establishments along

4060-670: The Gold Star Memorial Bridge and the interchange with Connecticut Route 32 , serving two shopping plazas and nearby suburbs. U.S. Route 1 also connects to the Interstate via this frontage road, at the western end of the concurrency of the two routes along the bridge. Other frontage roads existing along I-95 at the New Haven/East Haven city line, and along Interstate 91 north of Hartford . Frontage roads are common in Chicago , where they usually have

4176-581: The Mabry Hood House , an antebellum home located on Kingston Pike that was demolished in 1983 after falling into disrepair. The contract for the last major section of the extension, located between Kingston Pike and I-40/I-75, was awarded in September 1993 and included construction of part of the interchange with I-40/75. After repeated delays, this section opened on December 16, 1996, along with four ramps connecting to I-40/75, one of which

4292-738: The Seward Highway ( Alaska Route 1 ) with Homer Drive running south (from Tudor Road to Dimond Boulevard) and Brayton Drive running north (from DeArmoun Road to Tudor Road); and the Minnesota Drive Expressway (from West 100th Ave to Dimond Boulevard) in South Anchorage. Also, the George Parks Highway ( Alaska Route 3 ) has two-way frontage roads running along it from the Trunk Road exit to

4408-528: The Tennessee River . The parkway crosses a Norfolk Southern Railway line and the Sinking Creek arm of Fort Loudon Lake ahead of its diamond interchange with Westland Drive. A short distance later, the freeway curves east within a diamond interchange with SR 332 (Northshore Drive); the interchange includes a ramp from the eastbound parkway to Town Center Boulevard, providing access to

4524-530: The Yamuna Expressway , the frontage roads remain separate from the main carriageway throughout the road's length. Retrofitted and previously non-access controlled roads, such as most National Highways , only have service lanes on stretches where fly-overs (overpasses) are built over junctions or through towns. In Guadalajara , the López Mateos, Vallarta and Mariano Otero avenues (the latter in

4640-405: The poverty line , including 14.50% of those under age 18 and 9.70% of those age 65 or over. As of the census of 2010, there were 432,226 people, 177,249 households, and 110,757 families residing in the county. The population density was 821.72 persons per square mile (317.27 persons/km ). The average housing unit density was 348.92 units per square mile (134.72/km ). The racial makeup of

4756-798: The 1.1-mile (1.8 km) segment between US 129 and Cusick Road, was contracted in December 1995 and opened on December 19, 1996, and was partially funded by the city of Alcoa. Work on the next section, located between Cusick Road and SR 33, began in November 2000 and was completed on August 15, 2005. The final section is a proposed 4.4-mile (7.1 km) extension past SR 33 to US 321, which would include an interchange with US 411 . This final section has been met with much controversy and opposition from locals, causing multiple delays, redesigns, and court reviews. In 1999, TDOT conducted an environmental assessment to evaluate alternatives to

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4872-530: The 1970s and 1990s. Service roads are no longer able to directly access the QEW; they have been rerouted to intersections with other major roads which have interchanges with the QEW. Nonetheless, the service roads are positioned too close to the QEW to easily widen the freeway unless all the private properties along the service road are bought out. This would be unlikely in the current political environment. The only remaining slip ramps connecting to service roads are on

4988-838: The Bond Quarry in Concord , an Evans Company quarry near Forks-of-the-River, and the Ross-Republic quarries near Island Home Park in South Knoxville . Finishing centers were located in Lonsdale and at the Candoro Marble Works in South Knoxville. According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the county has a total area of 526 square miles (1,360 km ), of which 508 square miles (1,320 km )

5104-733: The FHWA notified TDOT that they were withdrawing the FONSI, but this action was blocked by the District Court on October 1, due to TDOT's intent to proceed with the project without federal funding. On July 7, 2004, the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals reversed the District Court's ruling and modified the injunction one month later to allow TDOT to prepare an environmental impact statement. On September 27, 2004, TDOT announced plans to do so. The draft environmental impact statement

5220-616: The FONSI violated provisions of the National Environmental Policy Act that require an environmental impact statement . On June 22, the FHWA informed TDOT of an intent to suspend federal funding for the extension in response to the lawsuit. On July 17, Judge Todd J. Campbell of the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee issued an injunction against TDOT, prohibiting them from proceeding with construction activities. On August 29,

5336-501: The Knox County Commission. A majority-plus-one vote is required to override a mayoral veto, unless the vetoed legislation was required to have a two-thirds vote for original passage. In such cases, a two-thirds vote of the commission is required to override the veto. Executive branch departments The Knox County Board of Commissioners is the legislative body of Knox County and consists of 11 members: nine elected at

5452-897: The Montreal area (including the A-40 , A-520 , A-13 , A-15 and A-25 ) maintain networks of frontage roads along at least some of their lengths as they pass through urban/developing areas. British Columbia: Bi-directional frontage roads exist both on the North and South sides of the Trans-Canada highway through Abbotsford in the Fraser Valley. In India, frontage roads or Service lanes (sometimes called नल्ला "Nullah" in Hindi) exist on most high density dual carriageway roads and dual carriageway highways. On Access controlled Expressways like

5568-459: The QEW running through St. Catharines . These dangerous low-standard ramps (due to lack of acceleration/deceleration lanes) are due to be replaced in a planned extensive reconstruction of the QEW that is currently underway. Similar service roads and slip ramps exist along Highway 401 through Oshawa , but like through St. Catharines, these are also in the process of being replaced with modern ramps. Highway 427 had its service roads replaced with

5684-590: The Seward Meridian Parkway exit (Fireweed Road on the south side and Blue Lupine Drive on the north side) in Wasilla. Frontage roads are not very common in Arizona but do exist along certain freeways. In metropolitan Phoenix, the state's first freeway, Interstate 17 has a frontage road (Black Canyon Highway); some sections of the frontage road was reduced to a single lane in the 1990s when I-17

5800-689: The Tennessee Department of Highways, the predecessor agency to the Tennessee Department of Transportation (TDOT), to construct the route as a fully controlled-access highway, but they chose a limited-access design that incorporated both interchanges and at-grade intersections. Work on the first section, located between I-40/I-75 and Hardin Valley Road, began in June ;1970 and was completed in late 1972. This section

5916-414: The Tennessee General Assembly passed a resolution authorizing TDOT to study the possibility of extending the route to US 129. Environmental reviews and location studies began in late 1980, and the first public hearings were held in January 1981. Then-Governor Lamar Alexander included the extension as part of a plan to develop a science and technology corridor in the region in the early 1980s. The extension

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6032-428: The Upper Tennessee Valley, now within the boundaries of Knox County. White moved to what is now the Riverdale community in the eastern part of the county in 1785, and the following year constructed a fort a few miles to the west. A community developed around the fortified trading post, ultimately becoming the city of Knoxville. Governor Blount designated the fort as the capital of the Southwest Territory in 1790, and gave

6148-484: The Yankees have come! The flag's come back to Tennessee!' Such were the welcomes all along the road, as we entered Knoxville, it was past all description. The people seemed frantic with joy. I never knew what the Love of Liberty was before. The old flag has been hidden in mattresses and under carpets. It now floats to the breeze at every staff in East Tennessee. Ladies wear it – carry it – wave it! Little children clap their hands and kiss it. With

6264-412: The area. In addition, some critics alleged that Alexander, who is from Maryville, was pushing the extension for his personal financial benefit, citing land he co-owned nearby. Alexander denied these allegations—stating that he purchased the land for preservation, not development—and pointed out that the extension had been proposed since before his Governorship began. On December 21, 1984, the alignment for

6380-408: The at-grade intersection. As part of this project, the flyover ramp from the southbound lanes of the parkway was rebuilt, nearby frontage roads were modified, the at-grade intersection with Dutchtown Road was converted into an interchange, and the nearby Mabry Hood Road interchange on I-40/75 was removed. Although the initial plan was to extend the Pellissippi Parkway to US 129, a concept for extending

6496-419: The bridge over the Tennessee River was dedicated as the Alexander "Sandy" Bonnyman Medal of Honor Memorial Bridge in honor of a United States Marine Corps officer who was killed in action in the Battle of Tarawa during World War II . Between December 2, 2009, and June 30, 2010, the southbound on-ramp from SR 131 was lengthened and straightened, which required closing the ramp to all traffic and widening of

6612-425: The central carriageways are not allowed; a slip ramp must be taken to the two-way frontage road, where the turning traffic must yield to the through traffic. Only then can a vehicle make a right turn from the signal on the frontage road. Furthermore, frontage roads can increase urban sprawl . Land along highways is made open for development, allowing shopping centers and other buildings to sprawl. Cost can also be

6728-460: The central lanes; drivers wishing to make a turn must leave the central lanes and make the turn from the lateral lanes. Frontage roads are common in the Netherlands and detailed in the Dutch national design manual for bicycle traffic as per pages 121 and 127 where they are referred to as parallel roads. In the Netherlands, engineers have used frontage roads to benefit cyclists as well as automobiles. Because frontage roads only carry local traffic,

6844-400: The city of Knoxville , which has its own mayor and city council. Residents of the county living within Knoxville city limits vote both in city and in county elections, are represented by city and county mayors, and pay city and county taxes. While the administration appears to be duplicated, services tend to be separated. Knox County runs the local school and library systems. Knoxville maintains

6960-415: The controlled-access section begins at a partial cloverleaf interchange with Dutchtown Road. Here, the Pellissippi Parkway enters the western end of the city of Knoxville and is paralleled on both sides by frontage roads south for about one mile (1.6 km) to a large interchange with I-40 and I-75. This interchange is a near-complete cloverleaf interchange , with three loop ramps and a flyover ramp from

7076-439: The cost of building an expressway due to costs of land acquisition and the costs of paving and maintenance. However, the benefits of developing nearby real estate can more than offset the cost of building the frontage roads. Furthermore, a frontage road may be a part of an older highway , so the expense of building a frontage road may be slight. And finally, the cost to purchase access rights from adjacent property may exceed

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7192-410: The costs to build frontage roads. Conversely, the existence of a frontage road can increase traffic on the main road and be a catalyst for development; hence there is sometimes an explicit decision made to not build a frontage road. A frontage lane is a paved path that is used for the transportation and travel from one street to another. The difference is that typically a frontage road will follow along

7308-572: The county was 86.78% White, 8.8% Black or African American, 0.29% Native American, 1.87% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, and 1.91% multiracial. Hispanics and/or Latinos (of any race) were 3.47% of the population. Out of all the households, 29.68% had children under the age of 18 living in them, 47.04% were family households, 3.95% had a male householder with no wife present, 11.49% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.51% were non families. 29.65% of all households were made up of individuals living alone, and 9.14% had someone living alone who

7424-420: The county was 88.10% White , 8.63% Black or African American , 0.26% Native American , 1.29% Asian , 0.03% Pacific Islander , 0.50% from other races , and 1.18% from two or more races. 1.26% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 157,872 households, out of which 28.50% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.80% were married couples living together, 10.90% had

7540-431: The county's charter, the mayor is the chief financial officer of the county, which includes developing the county's annual budget, approving county contracts, etc. Other responsibilities of the county mayor's office include maintaining county roads, highways and bridges, codes enforcement and operating the county's health department and library system. The mayor has the authority to veto resolutions and ordinances passed by

7656-402: The district level and two elected countywide to serve at-large. Commissioners meet multiple times each month, with their primary business meetings being a monthly work session and a monthly voting meeting. During the work session, commissioners generally debate items on the monthly agenda and take a non-binding vote on each item in advance of the more formal voting meeting, which is generally held

7772-608: The east end of the unincorporated community of Solway in western Knox County. This is on the east side of the Clinch River a short distance from Oak Ridge. Here, there is no direct access from westbound SR 62 to the parkway. The parkway then heads southeast as a limited-access four-lane divided highway. It crosses Beaver Creek and has a five-ramp partial cloverleaf interchange with Hardin Valley Road, which provides access to Pellissippi State Community College . The Pellissippi Parkway then has another partial cloverleaf interchange with SR 131 (Lovell Road). A short distance later,

7888-483: The expressway itself. Much of the Beijing portion of the Jingkai Expressway , for example, has, in fact, China National Highway 106 acting as a split-direction frontage road. Many newer urban highways are entirely elevated, with parallel access roads running beneath the entire length. The North Luzon Expressway maintains two-way service roads that run along both sides of the expressway within Metro Manila limits, which extend from exits and merge into local roads. To

8004-427: The extension was selected using a combination of two of the four proposed routings. This route had been determined to circumvent all dangerous sinkholes and caves and was judged to have the least detrimental environmental impact. The final environmental impact statement was approved on September 25, 1985, and funding for the extension was authorized under the Better Roads Program of 1986, an initiative by Alexander to fund

8120-405: The following week. The Board of Commissioners approves resolutions, ordinances, honorariums, road names, as well as most county contracts and large expenditures. Resolutions require a single vote for passage, while ordinances require two votes, or "two readings". The County Commission also serves as the appropriating body of the county and must approve an annual budget – presented by

8236-400: The following year, the extension began to be listed as a long-term plan and was first added to the Knoxville Regional Transportation Planning Organization's long-range transportation plan in 1995. After the completion of the stretch to US 129, Alcoa officials began lobbying for the extension to US 321, arguing that the eastern terminus had become a bottleneck. The first stretch of this extension,

8352-481: The freeway, whereas frontage roads will be right beside a freeway. Some make a distinction between frontage roads and parallel roads. Frontage roads may more commonly refer to the one-way roads alongside a freeway, whereas parallel roads more commonly refer to the two-way roads running alongside a freeway. There are several advantages to using frontage roads. One advantage is to separate local traffic from through traffic. When frontage roads are lacking in an urban area,

8468-417: The frontage road for North Lantau Highway , Hiram's Highway for New Hiram's Highway, and Tai Wo Service Road West and Tai Wo Service Road East for Fanling Highway . Castle Peak Road serves the purpose as a frontage road of Tuen Mun Road to some extent. Alaska Though Alaska has very few roads that are built to freeway standard, a couple of the highways that are do have frontage roads; notably along

8584-412: The highway is used as a local road, reducing speeds and increasing congestion. Another advantage occurs when the highway is closed or just obstructed. This pushes traffic off the highway. Where an urban area has frontage roads, the traffic can easily bypass the obstruction or closure on the frontage road. Where an urban area has no frontage road, traffic is diverted onto and congests local roads, since there

8700-517: The historic tribe who occupied this area at the time of European encounter. Indian artifacts located in the cave indicate that another entrance to the cave existed at some time in the past. As of the census of 2000, there were 382,032 people, 157,872 households, and 100,722 families residing in the county. The population density was 751 people per square mile (290 people/km ). There were 171,439 housing units at an average density of 337 units per square mile (130/km ). The racial makeup of

8816-599: The mayor – which includes funding for the various county departments, including the Knox County Schools . The body also sets the property tax rate for the county. The Knox County Sheriff serves as the top law enforcement office of the county, and is elected countywide. The sheriff is responsible for overseeing the county jail, providing courtroom officers , serving warrants and providing general law enforcement functions, such as patrol and criminal investigation. On February 11, 2017, Brandon Lambert

8932-462: The name evolved through other variant forms, such as "Polesipi", "Peleson", "Pele Sipi", and "Pere Sipi", and eventually stabilized to the "Pelisipi/Pelisippi/Pellissippi" form; these names were variously applied back and forth between the Ohio and Clinch rivers. Knox County, Tennessee Knox County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee . As of the 2020 census , the population

9048-784: The name of the street in its place had before the adjacent expressway was constructed. Parts of the Edens Expressway , the Dan Ryan Expressway , the Eisenhower Expressway , and the Kennedy Expressway use frontage roads. In addition, the stretches of Interstate 290 and the Elgin–O'Hare Expressway in Schaumburg have frontage roads. Interstate 69 between Indianapolis and Bloomington

9164-492: The new town the name "Knoxville" after his superior, Henry Knox. Blount began construction of his house, Blount Mansion , in the early 1790s. This is one of a number of late eighteenth-century structures that have been preserved in the county. The house still stands in downtown Knoxville. The Alexander McMillan House , built in the mid-1780s by Alexander McMillan (1749–1837), still stands in eastern Knox County. The Alexander Bishop House , built by Stockley Donelson in 1793, and

9280-531: The only Democrats since then to come reasonably close to carrying the county, losing it by single-digit margins; in Clinton's case with Tennessean Al Gore on the ticket. Gore lost the county by 17 points in 2000 during his own bid for president, but still managed 40 percent. The Democrats would not cross the 40 percent threshold again until 2020 , when Joe Biden received over 41 percent of the county's vote. The government of Knox County, Tennessee operates under

9396-473: The only counties in the nation to have never supported a Democratic candidate for president in their entire existence. Nevertheless, Democratic candidates have crossed the 40-percent mark only seven times since Roosevelt's death. In 1964, it was nearly swept up in Lyndon Johnson 's national landslide; Johnson lost the county by only 334 votes. Jimmy Carter in 1976 and Bill Clinton in 1992 and 1996 are

9512-406: The outside of the inner express lanes. The outer lanes may also be known as a collector/distributor road where slip ramps provide access to and from the inner mainline lanes. This distinction is usually made when the outer lanes are only present by an interchange and not the full length of the highway. For even more capacity, frontage roads may feed into and from freeway local lanes although this

9628-422: The overpass, removing a hazardous accident-prone merge with the parkway. In June 2020, work began to modify the interchange with Hardin Valley Road by lengthening and straightening the ramps, adding turn lanes to the ramps, removing an intersection with the northbound ramps, placing a concrete island between the on- and off-ramps, and adding a new northbound entrance ramp from Hardin Valley Road westbound. The project

9744-516: The planning phase, a decision was made to have the route terminate with SR 62 at Solway. The new bridge over the Clinch River would then replace the two-lane bridge on SR 62 in a separate project. The route's alignment was approved on January 25, 1967, by the Knoxville-Knox County Highway Coordinating Committee, which allowed for it to be budgeted by the state. Other alignments would have had

9860-423: The population was below the poverty line. As of the 2020 United States census , there were 478,971 people, 191,925 households, and 118,160 families residing in the county. Like most counties in heavily- Unionist East Tennessee, Knox County has historically been strongly Republican. Although it is somewhat conservative for an urban county, it is notably less Republican than most of the rest of East Tennessee. This

9976-584: The project. On April 24, 2002, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) issued a " finding of no significant impact " (FONSI), which would have allowed TDOT to proceed with the project. On June 7, 2002, a group of local citizens, who had reorganized Citizens Against the Pellissippi Parkway Extension (CAPPE), filed a lawsuit against TDOT, the FHWA, and the U.S. Department of Transportation , arguing that

10092-800: The road while serving as bus stops for bus routes along Ortigas Avenue. A westbound one-way service road from Connecticut Street to Club Filipino Avenue is primarily a local-express road setup which distributes traffic to the Greenhills Shopping Center and pass-through traffic along Ortigas Avenue. Quezon Avenue in Quezon City runs an eastbound one-way service road from West Avenue and East Avenue to its intersection with EDSA . Frontage roads exist both in city and along major expressways between new towns. Gloucester Road has frontage road running parallel of it from east to west. Cheung Tung Road  [ zh ] serves as

10208-514: The route terminate at I-40/75 near the interchanges with SR 131 and Cedar Bluff Road, respectively. Initially referred to as the "Oak Ridge Connector", the highway was named the "Pellissippi Parkway" by an act of the Knox County Commission on December 7, 1971, which was subsequently recognized by the Tennessee General Assembly on March 15, 1976. Local officials and residents in 1968 and 1969 unsuccessfully tried to pressure

10324-750: The route to US 321 (Lamar Alexander Parkway) near Walland has existed since March 1977, when Blount County, Maryville, and Alcoa officials jointly requested funding for the then-proposed extension from the Tennessee General Assembly. The approximately 7-mile (11 km) extension to US 321 was included in a preliminary draft of the Better Roads Program in January 1986 but was removed by Governor Alexander two months later, who stated that it would not be included in any proposals during his administration. After Alexander left office

10440-409: The section between the river and SR 332. On December 4, 1992, the 6.6-mile (10.6 km) segment between US 129 in and SR 332 opened. The next segment completed was the four-mile (6.4 km) segment between SR 332 and US 11/US 70 (Kingston Pike), which was contracted in November 1990 and opened on October 6, 1993. This segment was constructed on the former location of

10556-430: The side of a highway, whereas a frontage lane is a short connection between two different roads. Frontage lanes, closely related to a frontage road, are common in metropolitan areas and in small rural towns. Frontage lanes are technically not classified as roads due to their purpose as a bridge from one road to another, and due to the architectural standards that they are not as wide as a standard road, or used as commonly as

10672-631: The south, the South Luzon Expressway 's Metro Manila Skyway and Pres. Sergio Osmeña Sr. Highway segments (both are apparently local and express roads) has two two-way service roads and the PNR running alongside the road. The tracks are between the East Service Road and the highway, giving access to train stations from Pasay Road railway station to Bicutan railway station . The service roads begin at Gil Puyat Avenue up until

10788-409: The southbound lanes of the parkway to eastbound I-40/northbound I-75, which head concurrently toward downtown Knoxville. The Pellissippi Parkway continues south through a near-complete cloverleaf interchange with Kingston Pike about 1 ⁄ 2 mile (0.80 km) beyond, which carries U.S. Routes 11 and 70 . Here, the city limits of Knoxville begin snaking along the freeway's right-of-way to

10904-517: The speed on these roads is low (their speed limit is 30 km/h), making them an ideal environment for bicyclists. Because the speed and volume is so low, no additional treatments are needed to make a service road a safe bike facility. In the Netherlands, service roads are often linked together with bike paths to help create a comprehensive bicycle route, with the bike path links serving as barriers to through motor traffic. Since service roads serve

11020-558: The state. The attempt failed. After the second state referendum for secession passed in 1861, Knox County and the rest of Tennessee joined the Confederacy. Knox County remained under Confederate control until September 3, 1863, when General Ambrose Burnside and the Union army marched into Knoxville unopposed. Parts of Middle Tennessee had been occupied by Union troops since 1862. Union Colonel William Harris, son of New York Senator Ira Harris , wrote his father: 'Glory be to God,

11136-442: The stretch between López Mateos to Niños Héroes) are two-lane avenues surrounded by two one-way frontage roads. Lázaro Cárdenas Expressway is similar, but with three lanes in both the central road and the frontage roads. Because these frontage roads are considered as part of the avenue itself, the central road is known locally as the "central lanes", whereas the frontage roads are known as "lateral lanes". Turns are always forbidden in

11252-854: The success of Burnside's troops in the Knoxville Campaign , and especially during the decisive Battle of Fort Sanders , Knox County remained under Union control for the duration of the Civil War. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Knox County was an important venue for the quarrying and finishing of Tennessee marble , a type of limestone used in monument construction across the United States and Canada. Eleven quarries were operating in Knox County in 1882, and within ten years that number had doubled. Notable quarries in Knox included

11368-512: The time of death. Binkley was pronounced dead within an hour of being stopped. An autopsy revealed Binkley to have elevated levels of multiple illegal substances in his system at his time of death. Binkley's mother sued the Sheriff's department. The wrongful death suit was settled for $ 750,000 in March 2021. Knoxville Area Transit provides city bus service, while McGhee Tyson Airport features

11484-642: The type exist in the Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy Greenway Surface Road, Cross street, and Atlantic Avenue in downtown Boston. As a result of the Big Dig , the carriageways of these streets were re-aligned to function as a two-way service road system through downtown Boston with the Rose Kennedy Greenway park system as their 'median', and the expressway underground. In this special case of a service road,

11600-415: Was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.10 males. The median income for a household in the county was $ 37,454, and the median income for a family was $ 49,182. Males had a median income of $ 35,755 versus $ 25,140 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 21,875. About 8.40% of families and 12.60% of the population were below

11716-624: Was 478,971, making it the third-most populous county in Tennessee. Its county seat is Knoxville , which is the third-most populous city in Tennessee. Knox County is included in the Knoxville metropolitan area . The county is located at the geographical center of the Great Valley of East Tennessee . Near the heart of the county is the origin of the Tennessee River , at the confluence of the Holston and French Broad rivers. Knox County

11832-438: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.95. 21.86% of the population was under the age of 18, 65.07% from ages 18 to 64, and 13.05% aged 65 and older. The median age was 37.2 years. 51.39% of the population was female, and 48.61% was male. The median household income was estimated to be $ 52,458, and the per capita income was estimated to be $ 30,541. Approximately 13.5% of

11948-476: Was accessed via a partial Y-interchange along I-40/I-75 adjacent to the interchange with Mabry Hood Road; the Pellissippi Parkway was only accessible from the westbound lanes of the Interstate, and only the eastbound Interstate lanes were accessible from the Pellissippi Parkway. The section between Hardin Valley Road and SR 62 in Solway was completed in late 1973, after months of delays caused by rain. The highway

12064-535: Was approved on April 14, 2010. On July 27, 2013, TDOT announced that the alignment for the extension, which includes a westward shift of the southern end from the original plan, had been chosen. The final environmental impact statement was approved on September 10, 2015, and the FHWA approved the route on August 31, 2017. This extension, which TDOT is not expected to be able to begin construction on until at least 2025, has continued to be met with fierce community opposition, however. On September 7, 1997,

12180-526: Was built directly over State Road 37 between the two cities. Along that segment, frontage roads were constructed to provide local access. The old State Road 37 roadway makes up some of the I-69 frontage roads between Bloomington and Martinsville . Service roads are relatively uncommon in much of New England, and in Boston in particular, largely due to resistance to expressway construction, which necessitated scaled-back rights of way. Still, some unique examples of

12296-512: Was completed in January 2022. The Pellissippi Parkway, alongside other landmarks throughout Eastern Tennessee, derives its name from an older name for the Clinch River. The name "Pelisipi River" was present on older maps with such variant spellings as "Pelisippi" and "Pellissippi", and the variant form "Fiume Pelissipi". In fact, the Mitchell Map (1755–1757) labels a tributary of the "Pelisipi River" as "Clinch's River". The word "Pellissippi"

12412-538: Was completed in the autumn of 1989 but not opened to traffic; as a result, it faced multiple acts of trespassing and vandalism afterwards. The short segment between Wrights Ferry Road and the Tennessee River was let in May 1988 and completed in August ;1990 but also not opened to traffic. In December 1989, construction began on the short segment between US 129 and Wrights Ferry Road, and eight months later, work began on

12528-796: Was created after the American Revolutionary War on June 11, 1792, by Governor William Blount from parts of Greene and Hawkins counties. It was one of the few counties created when this area was still known as the Southwest Territory . It is one of nine United States counties named for American Revolutionary War general Henry Knox , who was appointed as the first United States Secretary of War . As population increased, parts of Knox County were taken out to form Blount (1795), Anderson (1801), Roane (1801), and Union (1850) counties. In 1783, James White and Francis Alexander Ramsey led an expedition to explore

12644-500: Was dedicated by Governor Winfield Dunn on May 31, 1974. Although intended to initially improve access to Oak Ridge, the Pellissippi Parkway was envisioned from the start to be eventually extended from I-40/I-75 to US 129 in Alcoa in order to provide more efficient access to McGhee Tyson Airport . State plans for extending the Pellissippi Parkway first appeared in a 1973 statewide transportation program, and in April ;1975,

12760-445: Was discovered in 1854 by Robert Crudgington, who noticed fog emerging between rocks on his farm. He dug the entrance open and explored the cave. His daughter Margaret Crudgington opened the cave to the public in 1929 under the name Gentrys Cave; the next year she changed the name to Grand Caverns. The cave has been open to the public, sporadically, ever since, under a variety of names. It is currently called Cherokee Caverns, referring to

12876-464: Was linked to I-40/75. On December 18, 1986, a group of landowners submitted a request to TDOT for an interchange with Tooles Bend Road, but this was rejected on October 27, 1988, after several local residents and the Knox County Commission had expressed opposition earlier that year. Construction on the extension began in January ;1987, with work on the Tennessee River bridge piers. The bridge

12992-665: Was long said to have been the Cherokee name for the river and was purported to mean "winding waters" in the Cherokee language . However, research completed in 2017 instead concludes that the Miami-Illinois name Mosopeleacipi ("river of the Mosopelea " tribe) was first applied to what is now called the Ohio River . Shortened in the Shawnee language to pelewa thiipi , spelewathiipi , or peleewa thiipiiki ,

13108-585: Was subject to strong opposition from some locals. In 1982 a group of local residents opposed to the extension formed the Citizens against the Pellissippi Parkway Extension (CAPPE). They charged that the route would pollute the groundwater and streams in the area and that disruptions to streams would create conditions that could result in widespread flooding. They also expressed concern that the roadbed would likely be plagued by geological problems due to large numbers of sinkholes and unstable geological formations in

13224-551: Was temporary. At this time, an uninterrupted access-controlled connection between the extension and original parkway did not yet exist, requiring traffic north of I-40/75 to enter what was the original parkway connection to I-40/75 via a temporary at-grade intersection. The final phase, which began in June 1995 and was completed in late 1998, after multiple delays, completed the interchange with I-40/75 and constructed new carriageways from this interchange to north of Dutchtown Road, replacing

13340-497: Was wanted on multiple warrants for property crimes. Sheriffs Deputies shot him to death in a Turkey Creek parking lot after, allegedly, his vehicle moved towards them. He was unarmed. There is no video of the shooting or the alleged movement of the vehicle. Knoxville Police Department investigated the incident and cleared all deputies. On July 27, 2019, Johnathan Binkley, age 35, died after being hogtied face down for four minutes. At least seven law enforcement officers were present at

13456-482: Was widened. Several freeways overbuilt existing arterials, which were converted to frontage roads: Price Road (Tempe), Pima Road (Scottsdale) and Beardsley Road (north Phoenix) on the Loop 101 , as well as 59th Avenue on the Loop 202 Ed Pastor (South Mountain) Freeway. In Tucson, I-10 has a two-lane, one-way frontage road, and in between Casa Grande and Tucson, a two-lane, two-way frontage road. The East Shore Freeway ,

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