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82-594: The Pepsi Number Fever , also known as the 349 incident , was a promotion held by PepsiCo in the Philippines in 1992, which led to riots and the death of at least five people. It also existed in Poland in 1995, known as Numeromania , and the person announcing the winning numbers was Piotr Fronczewski . However, it didn't cause as much controversy. In February 1992, Pepsi Philippines (PCPPI) announced that they would print numbers, ranging from 001 to 999, inside

164-701: A marketing company , which in turn is booked by the brand to represent the product or service. Person-to-person interaction, as opposed to media-to-person involvement, establishes connections that add another dimension to promotion. Building a community through promoting goods and services can lead to brand loyalty . Examples of traditional media include print media such as newspapers and magazines, electronic media such as radio and television , and outdoor media such as banner or billboard advertisements. Each of these platforms provides ways for brands to reach consumers with advertisements. Digital media, which includes Internet, social networking and social media sites,

246-565: A consumer group, the 349 Alliance, which organized a boycott of Pepsi products, and held rallies outside the offices of PCPPI and the Philippine government. Most protests were peaceful, but on February 13, 1993, a schoolteacher and a 5-year-old child were killed in Manila by a homemade bomb thrown at a Pepsi truck. In May, three PCPPI employees in Davao were killed by a grenade thrown into

328-458: A department of justice, with complete administrative and governmental control of all judicial offices. In subsequent cédulas and royal orders, it was made the responsibility of all officials to enforce all laws and ordinances issued for the benefits of the locals. This often failed to occur. In a 1583 letter written by Bishop Domingo de Salazar to King Philip II , Bishop Salazar noted different acts of oppression and injustice committed against

410-515: A grave abuse of discretion amounting to lack or excess of jurisdiction on the part of any branch or instrumentality of the Government . The definition, in effect, diluted the political question doctrine, that it is best to submit specific questions or issues specific questions to the political wisdom of the people, and thus, as a result, are beyond the review of the courts. Furthermore, the present Constitution provided for safeguards to ensure

492-638: A list of nominees made by the Judicial and Bar Council . An appointment to the Supreme Court needs no confirmation of the Commission on Appointments as the nomination is already vetted by the Judicial and Bar Council , a constitutionally-created body which recommends appointments within the judiciary. Upon a vacancy in the Court, whether for the position of Chief Justice or Associate Justice ,

574-401: A majority vote, and in case of a tie, an advocate was chosen for the determination of the case. The audiencia would later on be dissolved through the royal cédula of August 9, 1589. The audiencia would later on be reestablished through the royal decree of May 25, 1596, and on May 8, 1598, it had resumed its functions as a high court. By its reestablishment, the audiencia was composed of

656-461: A participatory media culture, social media platforms or social networking sites are forms of mass communication that, through media technologies, allow large amounts of product and distribution of content to reach the largest audience possible. However, there are downsides to virtual promotions as servers, systems, and websites may crash, fail, or become overloaded with information. You also can stand risk of losing uploaded information and storage and at

738-572: A president as represented by the governor, four associate justices, prosecuting attorney with the office of protector of the Indians, the assistant prosecuting officers, a reporter, clerk and other officials. By a royal order of March 11, 1776, the audiencia was reorganized; it consisted of the president, a regent, the immediate head of the audiencia , five oidores or associate justices, two assistant prosecuting attorneys, five subordinate officials, and two reporters. It had also been allowed to perform

820-469: A promotion and thus its promotional plan can have a wide range, including: sales increases, new product acceptance, creation of brand equity , positioning , competitive retaliations or creation of a corporate image . The term 'promotion' tends to be used internally by the marketing function. To the public or the market, phrases like " special offer " are more common. Examples of fully integrated, long-term, and large-scale promotions are My Coke Rewards in

902-418: A use can also be effected by a number of outside variables. Brands can explore different strategies to keep consumers engaged. One popular tool is branded entertainment, or creating some sort of social game for the user. The benefits of such a platform include submersing the user in the brand's content. Users will be more likely to absorb and not grow tired of advertisements if they are, for example, embedded in

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984-434: A user's initial attention to the ad. However, this may be seen as a distraction to the user if they are trying to absorb a different part of the site such as reading text. Additionally, when brands make the effort of overtly collecting data about their consumers and then personalizing their ads to them, the consumer's relationship with the advertisements, following this data collection, is frequently positive. However, when data

1066-626: A warehouse. PCPPI executives received death threats, and as many as 37 company trucks were overturned, stoned or burned. One of the three men accused by the NBI of orchestrating the bombings claimed they had been paid by Pepsi to stage the attacks , in order to frame the protesters as terrorists. Then-senator Gloria Macapagal Arroyo suggested that the attacks were being perpetrated by rival bottlers attempting to take advantage of PCPPI's vulnerability. The Philippine Senate 's Committee on Trade and Commerce accused Pepsi of "gross negligence" and noted that it

1148-708: Is a modern way for brands to interact with consumers as it releases news, information and advertising from the technological limits of print and broadcast infrastructures. Digital media is currently the most effective way for brands to reach their consumers on a daily basis. Over 2.7 billion people are online globally, which is about 40% of the world's population. 67% of all Internet users globally use social media. Mass communication has led to modern marketing strategies to continue focusing on brand awareness, large distributions and heavy promotions. The fast-paced environment of digital media presents new methods for promotion to utilize new tools now available through technology. With

1230-452: Is also one of the elements in the promotional mix or promotional plan. These are personal selling , advertising , sales promotion , direct marketing , publicity , word of mouth and may also include event marketing , exhibitions and trade shows. A promotional plan specifies how much attention to pay to each of the elements in the promotional mix, and what proportion of the budget should be allocated to each element. Promotion covers

1312-410: Is between datus or between members of different barangays, the dispute is settled through arbitration with some other datus or elders, from other barangays, serving as arbiters or mediators. All trials are held publicly. When a datu is in doubt as to who between the parties is guilty, the parties are subject to trial by ordeal this is a common practice in criminal cases. An accused who was innocent

1394-494: Is covertly collected, consumers can quickly feel like the company betrayed their trust. It is important for brands to utilize personalization in their ads, without making the consumer feel vulnerable or that their privacy has been betrayed. Sponsorship generally involves supplying resources (such as money) to a group or an event in exchange for advertising or publicity. Company will often help fund athletes, teams, or events in exchange for having their logo prominently visible. This

1476-652: Is done through the use of product placement or by placing logos on team uniforms/equipment. Supreme Court of the Philippines The Supreme Court ( Filipino : Kataas-taasang Hukuman ; colloquially referred to as the Korte Suprema (also used in formal writing), is the highest court in the Philippines . The Supreme Court was established by the Second Philippine Commission on June 11, 1901 through

1558-422: Is exercised through the judiciary's primary role of adjudication, which includes the "duty of the courts of justice to settle actual controversies involving rights which are legally demandable and enforceable, and to determine whether or not there has been a grave abuse of discretion amounting to lack or excess of jurisdiction on the part of any branch or instrumentality of the government." The definition reaffirms

1640-422: Is founded in the interests of good government and the administration of justice, with the same authority and preeminence as each of the royal audiencias in the town of Valladolid and the city of Granada . The audiencia was composed of a president, three oidores or auditors, a fiscal or prosecuting attorney, and the necessary auxiliary officials, such as the court's secretaries and clerks. The first president

1722-598: The Audiencia Territorial of Manila and those of the audiencia to the Supreme Court of Spain . These audiencias would still continue to operate even until the outbreak of the Filipino rebellion in 1896. From the start of occupation by United States forces on August 13, 1898, the audiencias of Cebu and Vigan ceased to function; the judges had fled for safety. The following day, Wesley Merritt ,

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1804-778: The Jones Act of 1916 , both passed by the U.S. Congress , ratified the jurisdiction of the Courts vested by Act No. 136. The Philippine Organic Act of 1902 further provides that the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court and its six Associate Justices shall be appointed by the President of the United States with the consent and advice of the U.S. Senate . The enactment of the Administrative Code of 1917 made

1886-618: The Judiciary Law of the Second Philippine Commission . The said law reorganized the judicial system and vested the judicial power to the Supreme Court, Courts of First Instance and Justice of the Peace courts. The said law also provided for the early composition of the said High Court, having one Chief Justice and six Associate Justices—all appointed by the commission. The Philippine Organic Act of 1902 and

1968-524: The President fills the vacancy by appointing a person from a list of at least 3 nominees prepared by the Judicial and Bar Council . The 1987 Constitution of the Philippines provides that: " SECTION 11. The Members of the Supreme Court xxx shall hold office during good behavior until they reached the age of seventy years or become incapacitated to discharge the duties of their office. " Supreme Court Justices are obliged to retire upon reaching

2050-754: The caps (crowns) of Pepsi , 7-Up , Mountain Dew and Mirinda bottles. Certain numbers could be redeemed for prizes, which ranged from 100 pesos (about US$ 4) to 1 million pesos for a grand prize, roughly US$ 40,000 in 1992, equivalent to 611 times the average monthly salary in the Philippines at the time. Pepsi allocated a total of US$ 2 million for prizes. Marketing specialist Pedro Vergara based Pepsi Number Fever on similar, moderately successful promotions that had been held previously in Vergara's geographic area of expertise, Latin America. Pepsi Number Fever

2132-486: The 14th century. The use of the term promotion to refer to "advertising or publicity" is very modern and was first recorded in 1925. It may be a contraction of a related term, sales promotion, which is one element in the larger set of tools used in marketing communications. The terms, promotion and marketing communications can be used synonymously, but in practice, the latter is more widely used. There are three objectives of promotion. These are: The purpose of

2214-498: The 1935 Constitution was revised and was replaced by the 1973 Constitution. Under the said Constitution, the membership of the court was increased to its current number, which is fifteen. All members are said to be appointed by the President alone, without consent, approval, or recommendation of a body or officials. The 1973 Constitution also vested in the Supreme Court administrative supervision over all lower courts which heretofore

2296-606: The American colonial government in Manila. Notable in the Philippine version of the chant is the use of the more familiar term " hear ye " over the archaic Law French term oyez . The honorable, the Chief Justice and the Associate Justices of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. Hear ye, hear ye, hear ye! All persons having business before the honorable Supreme Court of the Philippines shall give their attention, for

2378-584: The American military government. In January 1899, the civil jurisdiction of the audiencia in Manila was suspended. It was restored in May 29, 1899 after it was reestablished as the Supreme Court of the Philippine Islands under General Order No. 40 . The criminal jurisdiction was also restored to the newly reformed civil high court. On June 11, 1901, the current Supreme Court was officially established through enactment of Act No. 136, otherwise known as

2460-540: The Court is now in session. After the announcement, the Chief Justice bangs the gavel , and typically, first calls the clerk of court , who describes the first case on the calendar and calls the attorneys who will be making oral arguments to speak. The powers of the Supreme Court are defined in Article VIII of the 1987 Constitution . These functions may be generally divided into two— judicial functions and administrative functions . The administrative functions of

2542-470: The Court pertain to the supervision and control over the Philippine judiciary and its employees, as well as over members of the Philippine bar . Pursuant to these functions, the Court is empowered to order a change of venue of trial in order to avoid a miscarriage of justice and to appoint all officials and employees of the judiciary. The Court is further authorized to promulgate the rules for admission to

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2624-692: The Court temporarily transferred to Mabini Hall of the Malacañang Palace due to the destruction of the Old Legislative Building and the Ayuntamiento. In 1951, the Court transferred back to what is now the Court's Old Building, originally built to house of School of Fine Arts and Conservatory of Music of the University of the Philippines. The façade of this building displays the busts of the first nine Chief Justices of

2706-623: The Japanese military government. He was captured on April 11, 1942 in the province of Cebu and was executed on May 7, 1942 in the town of Malabang in Lanao del Sur . After the end of the Japanese occupation during World War II, Philippines was granted its independence on July 4, 1946 from the United States. The grant of independence was made through the Treaty of Manila of 1946 . In the said treaty, it provides that: ARTICLE V. – The Republic of

2788-590: The Office of the Bar Confidant. It is a part of the Supreme Court's Strategic Plan for Judicial Innovations. Alexander Gesmundo also inaugurated in Tawi-Tawi the "Remote Hearing and Equal Access to Law and Justice" (REAL Justice) program of the 2004 Justice on Wheels. The new program consists of 3 parts—"the deployment of retrofitted buses to the territorial jurisdiction of courts which are difficult to reach,

2870-526: The Philippines and the United States of America agree that all cases at law concerning the Government and people of the Philippines which, in accordance with section 7 (6) of the Independence Act of 1934, are pending before the Supreme Court of the United States of America at the date of the granting of the independence of the Republic of the Philippines shall continue to be subject to the review of

2952-1072: The Supreme Court Main Building along Padre Faura Street , between the Department of Justice and the University of the Philippines Manila 's Rizal Hall. The Court first met in 1901 at the Ayuntamiento de Manila in Plaza Roma , Intramuros with the Salas De Sessiones serving as the Session Hall. The Court eventually transferred to the Old Legislative Building together with Philippine Legislature in 1941 under Chief Justice José P. Laurel . During World War II ,

3034-479: The Supreme Court and the statues of Lady Justice and Moses at its entrance. The Court transferred to its current address in 1991, after the Department of Foreign Affairs , which previously occupied the edifice, transferred to the old headquarters of the Asian Development Bank along Roxas Boulevard , Pasay City , as the latter has relocated to Mandaluyong City . The current main building of

3116-515: The Supreme Court of Spain. By the royal decree of October 24, 1870, the audiencia was branched into two chambers; these two branches were later renamed as sala de lo civil and sala de lo criminal by virtue of royal decree of May 23, 1879. On February 26, 1886, the territorial audiencia of Cebu was established through a royal decree, and covers the jurisdiction of the islands of Cebu, Negros , Panay , Samar , Paragua , Calamianes , Masbate , Ticao , Leyte , Jolo and Balabac , including

3198-409: The Supreme Court of the United States of America for such period of time after independence as may be necessary to effectuate the disposition of the cases at hand. The contracting parties also agree that following the disposition of such cases the Supreme Court of the United States of America will cease to have the right of review of cases originating in the Philippine Islands . In effect of the treaty,

3280-479: The Supreme Court the highest tribunal. It also increased the total membership of the Supreme Court, having one Chief Justice and eight Associate Justices. With the establishment of the Commonwealth of the Philippines through the ratification of the 1935 Constitution , the Supreme Court's composition was increased to eleven, with one Chief Justice and ten Associate Justices. The 1935 Constitution provided for

3362-404: The Supreme Court was designed by the Filipino architect Antonio Toledo in accordance with the 1905 Burnham Plan of Manila . It originally housed the library of the University of the Philippines Manila . The four pillars at the façade represent the four levels of the hierarchy of the judiciary. The bronze seated figures of Chief Justices Cayetano Arellano and José Abad Santos guard each side of

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3444-477: The Supreme Court, he must be: An additional constitutional requirement, though less precise in nature, is that a judge "must be a person of proven competence, integrity, probity, and independence." Pursuant to Article VIII of the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines , the Court is composed of the Chief Justice and of the fourteen Associate Justices , all of whom are appointed by the President from

3526-499: The USA or Coke Zone in the UK and Pepsi Stuff . There have been different ways to promote a product in person or with different media. Both person and media can be either physically real or virtual/electronic. Promotions can be held in physical environments at special events such as concerts , festivals, trade shows , and in the field, such as in grocery or department stores. Interactions in

3608-622: The United States Supreme Court ceased to have appellate power to review cases originating from the Philippines after its independence, with exception of those cases pending before the United States Supreme Court filed prior to the country's independence. On June 17, 1948, the Judiciary Act of 1948 was enacted. The law grouped cases together over which the high court could exercise its exclusive jurisdiction to review on appeal, certiorari , or writ of error. In 1973,

3690-500: The amount involved and the dignity of the parties might be tried in a superior court; and of criminal cases which may arise in the place where the audiencia might meet. The decisions of the audiencia in both civil and criminal cases were to be executed without any appeal, except in civil cases were the amount was so large as to justify an appeal to the King; such appeal to the King must be made within one year. All cases were to be decided by

3772-688: The amounts printed on the crowns to their holders. Nor is PCPPI liable for damages thereon", and that "the issues surrounding the 349 incident have been laid to rest and must no longer be disturbed in this decision." To commemorate the promotion, the Ig Nobel Prize , a spoof of the Nobel Prizes organized by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology 's Journal of Irreproducible Results , awarded its 1993 Peace prize to PCPPI for "bringing many warring factions together for

3854-413: The confusion. After an emergency meeting of PCPPI and PepsiCo executives at 3:00   a.m. on the 27th, the company offered 500 pesos ($ 18) to holders of mistakenly printed bottle caps, as a "gesture of goodwill". This offer was accepted by 486,170 people, costing PepsiCo US$ 8.9 million (240 million pesos). Many irate 349 bottle cap holders refused to accept PCPPI's settlement offer. They formed

3936-415: The conquest of Spain, the islands of the Philippines were composed of independent barangays , each of which is a community composed of 30 to 100 families. Typically, a barangay is headed by a datu or a local chief who exercises all functions of government: executive, legislative and judicial; he is also the commander-in-chief in times of war. Each barangay has its own laws. Laws may be oral laws, which are

4018-420: The customer. Facebook , Snapchat , Instagram , Twitter , Pinterest , Tumblr , as well as alternate audio and media sites like SoundCloud and Mixcloud allow users to interact and promote music online with little to no cost. You can purchase and buy ad space on social media platforms. Additionally, you can buy artificial Likes , Followers, and Clicks on your pages and posts with the use of third parties. As

4100-432: The duties of a probate court in special cases. When the high court is acting as administrative or advisory body, the audiencia acted under the name of real acuerdo . Later on the governor-general was removed as the president of the audiencia and the real acuerdo was abolished by virtue of the royal decree of July 4, 1861. The same royal decree converted the court to a pure judicial body, with its decisions appealable to

4182-568: The enactment of its Act No. 136, an Act which abolished the Real Audiencia de Manila , the predecessor of the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court compound is located in what was formerly a part of the University of the Philippines Manila campus. It occupies the corner of Padre Faura Street and Taft Avenue in Ermita , Manila , with the main building sited directly in front of Philippine General Hospital 's cancer institute. Prior to

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4264-634: The entrance to the Court. Upon entering the building, the main lobby features the logo of the Court in the middle. To the right is the Dignitaries' Lounge and to the left is the Division Hearing Room. The second floor houses the portrait gallery of chief justices and the session hall, as well as the offices of the Chief Justice and 2 most senior associate justices. Since 1948, The Supreme Court has held its summer sessions in Baguio during

4346-437: The field allow immediate purchases. The purchase of a product can be incentive with discounts (i.e., coupons), free items, or a sweepstakes prize draw . This method is used to increase the sales of a given product. Interactions between the brand and the customer are performed by a brand ambassador or promotional model who represents the product in physical environments. Brand ambassadors or promotional models are hired by

4428-537: The first American Military Governor , ordered the suspension of the territorial jurisdiction of the colonial Real Audiencia of Manila , and of other minor courts in the Philippines. All trials of committed crimes and offenses were transferred to the jurisdiction of the court-martial or military commissions of the United States . On October 7, 1898, the civil courts throughout the islands, which were constituted under Spanish laws prior to August 13, were permitted to resume their civil jurisdiction, subject to supervision by

4510-526: The first time in their nation's history." In the immediate aftermath of the scandal, sales of Pepsi products in the Philippines plunged to 17% of the total market share but recovered to 21% by 1994. The incident is discussed in the 2022 Netflix documentary Pepsi, Where's My Jet? as a precedent in the Leonard v. Pepsico, Inc. lawsuit in the United States that also involved purportedly false advertising by Pepsi. Promotion (marketing) Promotion

4592-545: The game as opposed to a bothersome pop-up ad. Personalizing advertisements is another strategy that can work well for brands, as it can increase the likelihood that the brand will be personified by the consumer. Personalization increases click-through intentions when data has been collected about the consumer. Brands must navigate the line between effectively promoting their content to consumers on social media and becoming too invasive in consumers' lives. Vivid Internet ads that include devices such as animation might increase

4674-424: The grand prize number for that day was 349. Grand prize-winning bottle caps were tightly controlled by PepsiCo. Two bottles with caps with that day's winning number printed inside of them, as well as a security code for confirmation, had been produced and distributed. However, before the contest was extended to add new winning numbers, 800,000 regular bottle caps had already been printed with the number 349, but without

4756-549: The independence of the Judiciary. It also provided for the Judicial and Bar Council , a constitutionally-created body that recommends appointees for vacancies that may arise in the composition of the Supreme Court and other lower courts. The SC Public Information Office announced the opening on March 1, 2024 the creation of a One-stop shop housing the Judicial Records office, Fiscal Management and Budget Office and

4838-399: The independence of the judiciary, the security of tenure of its members, prohibition on diminution of compensation during their term of office, and the method of removal of the justices through impeachment . The Constitution also transferred the rule-making of the legislature to the Supreme Court on the power to promulgate rules concerning pleading, practice, court procedures, and admission to

4920-547: The mandatory retirement age of 70. Some Justices have opted to retire before reaching the age of 70, such as Florentino Feliciano, who retired at 67 to accept appointment to the Appellate Body of the World Trade Organization and Alicia Austria-Martinez who retired at 68 for health reasons. Since 1901, Associate Justice Austria-Martinez was one of the first to opt for an early retirement from

5002-567: The methods of communication that a marketer uses to provide information about its product . Information can be both verbal and visual . The term promotion derives from the Old French, promocion meaning to "move forward", "push onward" or to "advance in rank or position" which in turn, comes from the Latin, promotionem meaning "a moving forward". The word entered the English language in

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5084-505: The national language. Twelve stenographers from Branches 6, 80 and 81, as model courts, had undergone training at Marcelo H. del Pilar College of Law of Bulacan State University College of Law following a directive from the Supreme Court of the Philippines. Chief Justice Reynato Puno envisioned to implement the policy in other areas such as Laguna , Cavite , Quezon , Nueva Ecija , Batangas , Rizal , and Metro Manila . Spanish has also been used in court proceedings, particularly in

5166-471: The native Filipinos and said that the decrees of the King, which were designed to protect them, were generally disregarded by the Governor-General and his subordinates. As a result of these developments, the first real audiencia (which is the Real Audiencia of Manila ) or high court was established in the Philippines through the royal decree of May 5, 1583. The decree stated that "the court

5248-440: The overthrow of President Ferdinand Marcos in 1986, President Corazon Aquino , using her emergency powers, promulgated a transitory charter known as the "Freedom Constitution" which did not affect the composition and powers of the Supreme Court. The Freedom Charter was replaced by the 1987 Constitution which is the fundamental charter in force in the Philippines at present. Under the current Constitution, it retained and carried

5330-486: The plaintiffs in one of the lawsuits 10,000 pesos (about US$ 380) each in "moral damages". Three dissatisfied plaintiffs appealed, and on July 3, 2001, the appellate court awarded these three plaintiffs 30,000 pesos (about US$ 570) each, as well as attorneys' fees. PCPPI appealed against this decision. The suit reached the Philippines Supreme Court , which in 2006 ruled that "PCPPI is not liable to pay

5412-404: The power of the Supreme Court to engage in judicial review , a power that had traditionally belonged to the Court even before this provision was enacted. Still, this new provision effectively dissuades from the easy resort to the political question doctrine as a means of declining to review a law or state action, as was often done by the Court during the rule of President Ferdinand Marcos . As

5494-457: The practice of law, for legal assistance to the underprivileged, and the procedural rules to be observed in all courts. The more prominent role of the Court is located in the exercise of its judicial functions. Section 1 of Article VIII contains definition of judicial power that had not been found in previous constitutions. The judicial power is vested in "one Supreme Court and in such lower courts as may be established by law." This judicial power

5576-662: The practice of law. Within the brief Japanese occupation of the Philippines , the Court remained with no substantial changes in its organizational structure and jurisdiction. However, some acts and outlines of the Court were required to be approved first by the Military Governor of the Imperial Japanese Force . In 1942, José Abad Santos —the fifth Chief Justice of the Supreme Court—was executed by Japanese troops after refusing to collaborate with

5658-481: The providing alternative modes of transportation in order to bring technology to far-flung areas that could not be reached by buses and the use of the buses as mobile courts where bail procedures can be conducted on days when the court is not in session, "so that those who are arrested would be able to post bail when necessary," Marvic Leonen said. According to the Constitution, for a person to be appointed to

5740-560: The provision in the 1935 and 1973 Constitutions that "judicial power is vested in one Supreme Court and in such lower courts as may be established by law." However, unlike the previous Constitutions, the current Constitution expanded the Supreme Court's judicial power by defining it in the second paragraph of Section 1, Article VIII as: SECTION 1. — xxx Judicial power includes the duty of the courts of justice to settle actual controversies involving rights which are legally demandable and enforceable, and to determine whether or not there has been

5822-464: The rise of technological advances, promotions can be done outside of local contexts and across geographic borders to reach a greater number of potential consumers. The goal of a promotion is then to reach the most people possible in a time efficient and a cost efficient manner. Social media, as a modern marketing tool, offers opportunities to reach larger audiences in an interactive way. These interactions allow for conversation rather than simply educating

5904-413: The security code. Theoretically, these bottle caps were cumulatively worth US$ 32 billion. Thousands of Filipinos rushed to Pepsi bottling plants to claim their prizes. PCPPI initially responded that the erroneously printed bottle caps did not have the confirmation security code, and therefore could not be redeemed. Newspapers the next morning announced that the winning number was in fact 134, adding to

5986-593: The service. In September 2008, Justice Martinez, citing health reasons, filed a letter with the Court through Chief Justice Reynato Puno , informing her colleagues of her intention to avail of early retirement effective April 30, 2009, or 15 months before her compulsory retirement on December 19, 2010. This was followed by Justice Martin Villarama Jr. , who also retired prior to the age of 70 in January 2016 for health reasons. The Supreme Court currently meets at

6068-699: The smaller and adjacent islands of aforementioned islands. By January 5, 1891, a royal decree had established the territorial audiencias of Manila and Cebu. By virtue of a royal decree, the territorial audiencia in Cebu continued until May 19, 1893 when it ceased to be territorial; its audiencia for criminal cases, however, was retained. From the same royal decree, the audiencia in Vigan was established and covers criminal cases in Luzon and Batanes . These courts decisions are not considered final as they are still appealable to

6150-404: The traditions and customs of the locality handed down from generation to generation, or written laws as promulgated by the datu , who is typically aided by a group of elders. In a confederation of barangays, the laws are promulgated by a superior datu with the aid of the inferior datus . In a resolution of dispute, the datu acts as a judge while a group of elders sits as a jury. If a dispute

6232-462: The whole month of April. The Court is currently in the planning process for its eventual transfer to its new and permanent site. Since the courts' creation, English had been used in court proceedings. But for the first time in Philippine judicial history on August 22, 2007, three Malolos City regional trial courts in Bulacan announced that will use only Filipino in court proceedings to promote

6314-662: The years prior to Philippine independence, with a number of cases having decisions written in the language. Although Spanish is no longer used in the court system, the language has influenced existing Philippine legal terminology . The wording of the session opening announcement, below, is similar to that used by the Supreme Court of the United States . However, several key passages from the U.S. Supreme Court are omitted, including "are admonished to draw near and give their attention" and "God save (name of country) and this Honorable Court." The prewar Philippine Supreme Court tried to inject these passages, but were prohibited from doing so by

6396-489: Was Governor-Captain General Santiago de Vera . The Real Audiencia of Manila had a jurisdiction covering Luzon and the rest of the archipelago. It was given an appellate jurisdiction over all civil and criminal cases decided by the governors, alcaldes mayores and other magistrates of the islands. The audiencia may only take cognizance of a civil case in its first instance when, on account of its importance,

6478-505: Was initially wildly successful, and increased Pepsi's monthly sales from $ 10 million to $ 14 million and its market share from 19.4% to 24.9%. The winning numbers were announced on television nightly. By May, 51,000 prizes had been redeemed, including 17 grand prizes, and the campaign was extended beyond the originally planned end date of May 8 by another 5 weeks. On May 25, 1992, the ABS-CBN evening news program TV Patrol announced that

6560-471: Was involved in a similar fiasco in Chile just a month before the 349 incident. About 22,000 people took legal action against PepsiCo. At least 689 civil suits and 5,200 criminal complaints for fraud and deception were filed. In January 1993, Pepsi paid a fine of 150,000 pesos to the Department of Trade and Industry for violating the approved conditions of the promotion. On June 24, 1996, a trial court awarded

6642-573: Was perceived to be always successful in such ordeals. These pre-Hispanic people believed that the deities or gods would aid the innocent accused to survive the ordeal. In the royal order of August 14, 1569, Miguel López de Legazpi was confirmed as the Governor and Captain-General of the Philippines. He was empowered to administer civil and criminal justice in the islands. Under the same order, Legazpi had original and appellate jurisdiction in all suits and constituted in his person all authority of

6724-464: Was under the Department of Justice . The martial law period brought in many legal issues of transcendental importance and consequence: some of which were the legality of the ratification of the 1973 Constitution, the assumption of the totality of government authority by President Marcos, the power to review the factual basis for a declaration of Martial Law by the Chief Executive. After

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