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29-415: [REDACTED] Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pershing Square . Pershing Square may refer to: Pershing Square , a plaza in downtown Los Angeles Pershing Square Building (Los Angeles) , kitty-corner from Pershing Square in downtown Los Angeles Pershing Square, Manhattan Pershing Square Capital Management Pershing Square Foundation ,

58-502: A Hungarian immigrant who had owned a cigar store across from the square, donated $ 30,000 for twin reflecting pool water features in honor of his late wife and to thank Los Angeles for the opportunities that the city provided him. The Roth fountains were designed by architect Stiles O. Clements . The park continued to be neglected for safe uses. Its problems were noted during the 1960 Democratic National Convention , with nominee and future president John F. Kennedy headquartered at

87-701: A statue of Ludwig van Beethoven was added to honor William Andrews Clark, Jr. , founder of the Los Angeles Philharmonic . “His statue faces the former Philharmonic Auditorium across Fifth Street, which reverted to church use after the new Music Center opened.” The park was in heavy use during World War II for rallies and recruitment. After the war , the park began to decline as commercial decentralization and suburbanization took hold in Greater Los Angeles Area , and Downtown lost importance and intensity of use. Many of

116-536: A 10-story purple bell tower , fountains , and a walkway representing an earthquake fault line (by artist Barbara McCarren), concert stage, and perimeter seating. Pavement covered almost the entire block, with copses of trees placed in raised planters. In 1994, the park was featured in Visiting... with Huell Howser Episode 208. In 2000, a monument was installed to honor local veteran Eugene A. Obregon . Pershing Square regularly hosts seasonal events such as

145-417: A historic-cultural monument in 1990. In 1910 the park was renovated under a design by John Parkinson , who later designed Los Angeles City Hall and Union Station . Parkinson's design featured a three-tier fountain sculpted by Johan Caspar Lachne Gruenfeld, braced by four life-size concrete cherubs supporting a vase of cascading water. In November 1918, a week after Armistice Day ended World War I ,

174-856: A private family foundation ran by the CEO of Pershing Square Capital Management Pershing Square Building in Manhattan Pershing Square Viaduct , another name for the Park Avenue Viaduct, Manhattan Pershing Square (train) , a named passenger train of the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad, see List of named passenger trains of the United States (N–R) Pershing Square Cafe in Manhattan – see Pershing Square, Manhattan Topics referred to by

203-517: A problem: a burgeoning population that threatened the city's water supply. Desperate to find a new water source for the city, Eaton recalled a camping trip in the Sierras where he "gazed down upon the Owens Lake and thought about all the freshwater flowing into it and going to waste. Yes, Los Angeles was some 200 miles away, but it was all downhill. All one would have to do to move it to the city

232-715: A temporary Ice rink in the winter and DTLA Proud Festival and live concert performances in the summer. Permanent and temporary public art has been placed in Pershing Square since 1900, beginning with Los Angeles' oldest public art sculpture, the Spanish American War Memorial. The area is served by the Pershing Square station of the Metro B and D lines. The 2013 videogame Grand Theft Auto V features Legion Square, which

261-459: Is based on Pershing Square. Frederick Eaton Frederick Eaton (1856 – March 11, 1934) was a major individual in the transformation and expansion of Los Angeles in the latter 19th century through early 20th century, in California. Eaton was the political mastermind behind the early 20th century Los Angeles Aqueduct project, designed by William Mulholland . Frederick Eaton

290-664: Is on Wikidata Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Pershing Square (Los Angeles) In the 1850s, the location was used as a camp by settlers from outside the Pueblo de Los Angeles , which lay to the northeast around the Our Lady Queen of the Angels' church , the Los Angeles Plaza , and present-day Olvera Street . Surveyors drew

319-469: The Biltmore Hotel facing the park. By the 1984 Summer Olympics the park had become a serious eyesore , leading the city to spend $ 1 million for a temporary renovation. In 1992, the park was closed for a major $ 14.5-million redesign and renovation by Mexican architect and landscape architect Ricardo Legorreta and U.S. landscape architect Laurie Olin . The redesigned park opened in 1994 with

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348-705: The Los Angeles City Water Company by age 19 in 1875. As head of the Water Company, in 1878 Eaton first hired William Mulholland as a ditch-digger for distribution canals from the Los Angeles River to the city. In 1886 Eaton redesigned and renovated Los Angeles Park, present day Pershing Square , with an 'official park plan,' and it was renamed 6th Street Park. Eaton was the Los Angeles mayor from 1898 to 1900. For

377-472: The Owens River Gorge and Owens Valley, and an excellent site to purchase. Eventually, Eaton's demands for a million dollars to sell it became so entrenched that they ruptured his relationship with Mulholland. William Mulholland refused to authorize the purchase and explored other areas to build the reservoir. Eventually he settled on an area which he had considered for a potential dam site during

406-520: The cattle which I had been compelled to take in making the deals . . . and mountain pasture land of no value except for grazing purposes." A portion of the land owned by Eaton was originally planned by Mulholland and Los Angeles to be used to build a storage reservoir . The Round Valley , Eaton's "mountain pasture land," was strategically located on the Owens River in Inyo County upstream of

435-508: The inference that his activity in the valley was related to the government project." In addition to knowingly withholding information, Eaton used inside information from Joseph Lippincott, the regional engineer of the Reclamation Service, to help gain the water rights. The underhanded process of Los Angeles gaining the water rights for Owens Valley angered many residents. By 1924, when Los Angeles had taken so much water from

464-399: The office, he ran on the platform of establishing a new municipal water system for the city of Los Angeles. One year later in 1899, a 2.09 million US dollar bond measure was approved by city voters for the purchase of Los Angeles City Water Company's system. (the private water company that leased the city's waterworks and provided water to the city) A few years later, Los Angeles was faced with

493-412: The owner of a nearby beergarden , German immigrant George "Roundhouse" Lehman, planted small native Monterey cypress trees, fruit trees , and flowering shrubs in the park and maintained them until his death in 1882. In 1867, St. Vincent's College, present-day Loyola Marymount University , was situated across the street, and so the park informally became known as St. Vincent's Park . In 1870, it

522-466: The palm trees that were excavated in the 1950s were sent to be used in the Disneyland ride The Jungle Cruise. The entire park was demolished and excavated in 1952 to build a three-level underground parking garage . Atop the garage, concrete was covered by a thin layer of soil with a broad expanse of lawn . Entry and exit ramps cut the square off from the sidewalks around it. In 1954, Kelly Roth,

551-473: The park was renamed Pershing Square , in honor of Gen. John J. Pershing . A plaque was added in his honor some four decades later. In the 1920s and 1930s tropical plants were added to the park. In 1924, a life-size bronze of a World War I doughboy , sculpted by Humberton Pedretti, was unveiled, flanked by old cannons. In 1935, a bronze cannon from the USS Constitution was added. In 1932,

580-617: The process of designing and building the Los Angeles Aqueduct , a section of San Francisquito Canyon located north of the present day Santa Clarita Valley , and built the St. Francis Dam . In March 1928, the dam catastrophically failed due to unknown weak bedrock formations. The flood caused much destruction and many deaths downstream along the Santa Clara River . Eaton's finances crumbled, also in 1928, and his ranch

609-470: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Pershing Square . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pershing_Square&oldid=1232058572 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Commons category link

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638-469: The site as 10 individual plots of land, but in practicality it was a single 5-acre (20,000 m ) parcel. A waterway called Arroyo de Los Reyes ran through what is now the square. Canals distributing water from the Zanja Madre were adjacent. In 1866 the site was dedicated as a public square by Mayor Cristobal Aguilar ; it was called La Plaza Abaja (Spanish for "the lower plaza")." At some point

667-642: The valley that Owens Lake dried up, the farmers and ranchers rebelled. They turned to violence and dynamited the aqueduct's concrete canal. Fred Eaton used his inside advance information about the aqueduct project to enrich himself and his associates at the expense of the city of Los Angeles and the Owens Valley landowners. Eaton claimed in a 1905 interview with the Los Angeles Express that he turned over all his water rights to Los Angeles without being paid for them, "except that I retained

696-448: Was also in the process of reclaiming land in that area for a large irrigation system in response to the newly signed Newlands Reclamation Act . Many local farmers willingly gave up their land to make this project possible. However, since Eaton was also buying thousands of acres of land at the same time, "it was a common but ill-founded assumption in the valley that Eaton was representing the Reclamation Service. Eaton did nothing to correct

725-530: Was born in Los Angeles in 1856, into a prominent family who were among those that founded what has become the city of Pasadena . As an adult Eaton was a Radical Republican . He was a promoter of the Civil War Reconstruction , new railroads , and Southern California water supplies. He became the Mayor of Los Angeles . Fred Eaton taught himself engineering and was the superintendent of

754-522: Was completed in 1913. The Aqueduct brought plentiful water to Los Angeles, which supplied its explosive population growth. It also diverted the Owens River and its tributaries , taking water away from the Owens Valley , eventually disabling the farms and communities there. During the time that Eaton was surveying the Owens Valley land for his personal water project, the federal government

783-508: Was dig some canals, lay some pipe and let gravity do the rest." In other words, Eaton realized an opportunity to sustain Los Angeles' growth and took matter into his own hands to save the city. In 1906, the Board of Water Commissioners created the Bureau of Los Angeles Aqueduct. They appointed William Mulholland as chief engineer, who planned and developed the Los Angeles Aqueduct . The aqueduct

812-406: Was officially named Los Angeles Park . In 1886 it was renamed 6th Street Park , and it redesigned with an "official park plan" by Frederick Eaton . In the early 1890s it was renamed Central Park . During this period a bandstand pavilion was added for concerts and orators . The plantings became sub-tropically lush, and the park became a shady oasis and an outdoor destination. In 1894 the park

841-430: Was used as the staging area for the annual crowning of the queen of 'La Fiesta de Los Angeles. A monument to California's twenty Spanish–American War dead was erected in 1900; it is said to be modeled after a Spanish–American War veteran, 7th California Infantry volunteer Charlie Hammond of San Francisco, and it is believed to be the oldest work of public art in Los Angeles. The Los Angeles City Council declared it

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