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37-659: The main MIPT campus is located in Dolgoprudny , a northern suburb of Moscow. However the Aeromechanics Department is based in Zhukovsky , a suburb south-east of Moscow. In international rankings, the university was ranked 44th by The Three University Missions Ranking in 2022, In 2020 and 2021, Times Higher Education ranked MIPT #201 in the world, in 2022 QS World University Ratings ranked it #290 in

74-601: A piece in the Soviet weekly Literaturnaya Gazeta in 1947, which denounced the claimed expressions of rootless cosmopolitanism as inimical to Soviet culture. From 1949 onwards, then, a new series of openly antisemitic purges and executions began across the Soviet Union and its satellite countries, when Jews were charged explicitly with harbouring an international Zionist cosmopolitanist conspiracy. According to Margarita Levantovskaya: The campaign against cosmopolitanism of

111-570: Is a town in Moscow Oblast , Russia, located about 20 kilometers (12 mi) north of Moscow city center. The town's name is derived from Russian " Долгий пруд " ( dolgy prud , lit. "long pond")—a long and narrow pond situated in the northeastern part of the town. The town's name is sometimes colloquially shortened as Dolgopa . Population: 120,907 ( 2021 Census ) ; 90,956 ( 2010 Census ) ; 68,792 ( 2002 Census ) ; 70,751 ( 1989 Soviet census ) . The territory of

148-465: Is being extensively developed with much commercial and residential construction due to its favorable location and following the growing demand for real estate in the suburbs of Moscow. Rootless cosmopolitanism Rootless cosmopolitan ( Russian : безродный космополит , romanized :  bezrodnyi kosmopolit ) was a pejorative Soviet epithet which referred mostly to Jewish intellectuals as an accusation of their lack of allegiance to

185-465: Is optional, while seminar and lab attendance affects grades. Andre Geim, a graduate and Nobel prize winner stated "The pressure to work and to study was so intense that it was not a rare thing for people to break and leave and some of them ended up with everything from schizophrenia to depression to suicide." MIPT follows a semester system. Each semester includes 15 weeks of instruction, two weeks of finals and then three weeks of oral and written exams on

222-557: The Moscow Metro . The Dmitrovskoye highway connecting Moscow with Dmitrov and Dubna passes just east of the town. A settlement of Vinogradovo situated in the place of the modern town was known at least since the 17th century. Then a railway was built in the 1900s (decade) and a railway platform was built in 1914. The settlement started to develop as an airship manufacturing plant was built there in 1931. The aeronautic engineer Umberto Nobile worked there for five years during

259-592: The Phystech System . In a letter to Stalin in February 1946, Kapitsa argued for the need for such a school, which he tentatively called the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology , to better maintain and develop the country's defense potential. The institute would follow the principles outlined above and was supposed to be governed by a board of directors of the leading research institutes of

296-551: The Russian Academy of Sciences . At the time of enrollment, each student is assigned to a base that matches his or her interests. Starting with the third year, a student begins to commute to their base regularly, becoming essentially a part-time employee. During the last two years, a student spends 4–5 days a week at their base institute and only one day at MIPT. The base organization idea is somewhat similar to an internship in that students participate in "real work." However,

333-645: The Soviet Union , especially during the antisemitic campaign of 1948–1953. This campaign had its roots in Joseph Stalin 's 1946 attack on writers who were connected with "bourgeois Western influences", culminating in the "exposure" of the non-existent Doctors' Plot in 1953. The term is considered to be an antisemitic trope . The expression was coined in the 19th century by Russian literary critic Vissarion Belinsky to describe writers who lacked Russian national character. According to

370-557: The USSR Academy of Sciences . On March 10, 1946, the government issued a decree mandating the establishment of a "College of Physics and Technology" ( Russian : Высшая физико-техническая школа ). For unknown reasons, the initial plan came to a halt in the summer of 1946. The exact circumstances are not documented, but the common assumption is that Kapitsa's refusal to participate in the Soviet atomic bomb project and his disfavor with

407-528: The former Soviet Union . Nikolay Kudryavtsev (Кудрявцев Николай Николаевич]), the president of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology has signed a letter of support for the Russian invasion of Ukraine . The rector Dmitry Livanov did not sign it. In late 1945 and early 1946, a group of Soviet scientists, including the future Nobel Prize winner Pyotr Kapitsa , lobbied the government for

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444-466: The 1930s. For a few years during the 1930s, the settlement was renamed Dirizhablestroy (meaning "airship building"). In 1951, the famous Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology or Phystech, moved to Dolgoprudny, and a construction of its present campus started in the southern part of the town, inspired by the Nobel Prize winners Pyotr Kapitsa , Lev Landau , and Nikolay Semyonov . Town status

481-490: The 1940s and 1950s [...] defined rootless cosmopolitans as citizens who lacked patriotism and disseminated foreign influence within the USSR, including theater critics, Yiddish-speaking poets and doctors. They were accused of disseminating Western European philosophies of aesthetics, pro-American attitudes, Zionism, or inappropriate levels of concern for Jewry and its destruction during World War II. The phrase "rootless cosmopolitan"

518-583: The 2010 winners of the Nobel Prize in Physics . The key principles of the Phystech System, as outlined by Kapitsa in his 1946 letter arguing for the founding of MIPT: In 2016, a large-scale reform took place, and MIPT has since been divided into Phystech schools, created from the ex-faculties: Despite the formation of new departments, students and teachers of the Institute often continue to use

555-517: The Master's thesis). The full course of education at MIPT takes six years to complete, just like an American bachelor's degree followed by a master's degree. The MIPT curriculum is more extensive compared to an average American college according to the school. There is an opinion at the school that an MIPT specialist/Master's diploma may be roughly equivalent to an American PhD in physics. In 2020 and 2021, Times Higher Education ranked MIPT #201 in

592-508: The Qualification Committee consisting of both MIPT faculty and the base organization staff. Defending the thesis is a requirement for graduation. As of 2005, MIPT had 103 base organizations. The following list of institutes is currently far from being complete: In addition, a number of Russian and Western companies act as base organizations of MIPT. These include: Before 1998, students could graduate only after completing

629-444: The creation of a higher educational institution radically different from the type established in the Soviet system of higher education. Applicants, selected by challenging examinations and personal interviews, would be taught by and work together with, prominent scientists. Each student would follow a personalized curriculum created to match his or her particular areas of interest and specialization. This system would later become known as

666-559: The faculty. In recent years, oral exams have been eliminated, but the interview remains an important part of the selection process. The strongest performers in national physics and mathematics competitions and IMO / IPhO participants are granted admission without exams, subject only to the interview. In accordance with the traditions of the Soviet education system , education at MIPT is free for most students. Further, students receive small scholarships (as of 2020, $ 70–105 for bachelor's and $ 110–140 for master's degree per month, depending on

703-410: The first three years. A typical course load during the first and second years can be over 48 hours a week, not including homework. Classes are taught five days a week, beginning at 9:00 am or 10:30 am and continuing until 5:00 pm, 6:30 pm, or 8:00 pm. Most subjects include a combination of lectures and seminars (problem-solving study sessions in smaller groups) or laboratory experiments. Lecture attendance

740-486: The full six-year curriculum and defending their thesis. Upon graduation, they were awarded a specialist degree in Applied Mathematics and Physics and, beginning in the early 1990s, a Master's degree in Physics. Since 1998, students have been awarded a Bachelor's degree diploma after four years of study and the defense of a Bachelor's "qualification work" (effectively a smaller and less involved version of

777-506: The government (in 1950 he was essentially under house arrest) and anti-semitic repressions of the late 1940s made Phystech an easy target of intrigues and accusations of "elitism" and " rootless cosmopolitanism ." In the summer of 1951, the Phystech department at MSU was shut down. A group of academicians, backed by Air Force general Ivan Fedorovich Petrov, who was a Phystech supporter influential enough to secure Stalin's personal approval on

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814-490: The government and communist party that followed, cast a shadow over an independent school based largely on his ideas. Instead, a new government decree was issued on November 25, 1946, establishing the new school as a Department of Physics and Technology within Moscow State University . November 25 is celebrated as the date of MIPT's founding. Kapitsa foresaw that within a traditional educational institution,

851-655: The issue, succeeded in re-establishing Phystech as an independent institute. On September 17, 1951, a government decree re-established Phystech as the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology. Apart from Kapitsa, other prominent scientists who taught at MIPT in the years that followed included Nobel prize winners Nikolay Semyonov , Lev Landau , Alexandr Prokhorov , Vitaly Ginzburg ; and Academy of Sciences members Sergey Khristianovich , Mikhail Lavrentiev , Mstislav Keldysh , Sergey Korolyov and Boris Rauschenbach . MIPT alumni include Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov ,

888-548: The journalist Masha Gessen , a concise definition of rootless cosmopolitan appeared in an issue of Voprosy istorii ( The Issues of History ) in 1949: "The rootless cosmopolitan [...] falsifies and misrepresents the worldwide historical role of the Russian people in the construction of socialist society and the victory over the enemies of humanity, over German fascism in the Great Patriotic War ." Gessen states that

925-447: The most important subjects covered in the preceding semester. Starting with the third year, the curriculum matches each student's area of specialization and also includes more elective courses. Most importantly, starting with the third year, students begin work at base institutes (or "base organizations," usually simply called bases ). The bases are the core of the Phystech system. Most of them are research institutes, usually belonging to

962-546: The new school would encounter bureaucratic obstacles, but even though Kapitsa's original plan to create the new school as an independent organization did not come to fruition exactly as envisioned, its most important principles survived intact. The new department enjoyed considerable autonomy within Moscow State University. Its facilities were in Dolgoprudny (the two buildings it occupied are still part of

999-471: The old names of faculties. For example, LPR students are usually called "fopfs" ( Russian : фопфы ) in honor of the former Department of General and Applied Physics (DGAP, Russian : Факультет общей и прикладной физики , ФОПФ). Most students apply to MIPT immediately after graduating from high school at the age of 18. Traditionally, applicants were required to take written and oral exams in both mathematics and physics, write an essay and have an interview with

1036-525: The present day campus), away from the MSU campus. It had its own independent admissions and education system, different from the one centrally mandated for all other universities. It was headed by the MSU "vice rector for special issues"—a position created specifically to shield the department from the university management. As Kapitsa expected, the special status of the new school with its different "rules of engagement" caused much consternation and resistance within

1073-527: The same are from Moscow region ; the rest come from all over the former Soviet Union. The student population is almost exclusively male, with the female/male ratio in a department rarely exceeding 15% (seeing 2–3 women in a class of 80 is not uncommon). In 2009 more than 20% of first year students were females. There are no reliable statistics on the careers of MIPT graduates. Nobel Prize winners Dolgoprudny Dolgoprudny ( Russian : Долгопру́дный , Russian pronunciation: [dəlɡɐˈprudnɨj] )

1110-441: The similarity ends there. All base organizations also have a curriculum for visiting students and besides their work, the students are required to take those classes and pass exams. In other words, a base organization is an extension of MIPT, specializing in each particular student's area of interests. While working at the base organization, a student prepares a thesis based on his or her research work and presents ("defends") it before

1147-405: The student's performance) and rather cheap (as of 2020, $ 13–20 per month, depending on location and comfort) housing on campus. It normally takes six years for a student to graduate from MIPT. The curriculum of the first three years consists exclusively of compulsory courses, with emphasis on mathematics, physics and English. There are no significant curriculum differences between the departments in

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1184-483: The term used for "Russian" is an exclusive term that means ethnic Russians only and so they conclude that "any historian who neglected to sing the praises of the heroic ethnic Russians [...] was a likely traitor". According to Cathy S. Gelbin: From 1946 onwards, then, when Andrei Zhdanov became director of Soviet cultural policy, Soviet rhetoric increasingly highlighted the goal of a pure Soviet culture freed from Western degeneration. This became apparent, for example, in

1221-639: The town borders with Moscow in the south and in the east, Khimki in the southwest, and is limited by the Moscow Canal in the west and by the Klyazminskoye Reservoir in the north. The town can be reached by suburban train from the Savyolovsky Terminal of Moscow in about twenty minutes to one of the three platforms: Novodachnaya , Dolgoprudnaya , or Vodniki , or by bus shuttle from Khovrino and Altufyevo stations of

1258-421: The university. The immediate cult status that Phystech gained among talented young people, drawn by the challenge and romanticism of working on the forefront of science and technology and on projects of "government importance," many of them classified, made it an untouchable rival of every other school in the country, including MSU's own Department of Physics. At the same time, the increasing disfavor of Kapitsa with

1295-532: The world, in 2022 U.S. News & World Report ranked it #475 in the world, and in 2022 Academic Ranking of World Universities ranked it #501 in the world. As Phystech's founder, Pyotr Kapitsa , designed the institute inspired by and in accordance with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology model, Phystech is commonly hailed as the "MIT of Russia" and is considered to be the leading specialized technical institution of higher education in

1332-414: The world, in 2022 QS World University Ratings ranked it #290 in the world, in 2026 U.S. News & World Report ranked it #475 in the world, and in 2022 Academic Ranking of World Universities ranked it #501 in the world. Traditional university rankings are often based in part on the universities' research output and prizes won by faculty. About 15% of all students are residents of Moscow and nearly

1369-415: Was granted in 1957. Within the framework of administrative divisions , it is incorporated as Dolgoprudny Town Under Oblast Jurisdiction —an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts . As a municipal division , Dolgoprudny Town Under Oblast Jurisdiction is incorporated as Dolgoprudny Urban Okrug . Now the town has machinery-building, engineering, and chemical industries. It

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