61-618: Phoenix Theatre may refer to: Places [ edit ] England [ edit ] Cockpit Theatre , 17th century theatre in London called the Phoenix after a fire Phoenix Cinema , London Phoenix Dance Theatre , a dance company in Leeds Phoenix Picturehouse , Oxford Phoenix Theatre, London , a West End theatre Sue Townsend Theatre , formerly
122-457: A pike . On Sunday 8 May 1603 Henry exercised in the castle garden, watched by his mother, played billiards after dinner, and after supper "ran and played at the boards". Henry had a huntsman, Thomas Pott , who continued to serve him in England. Pott travelled abroad several times, taking gifts of dogs from the young prince to European rulers. Henry was tutored in music by Alfonso Ferrabosco
183-495: A biographer of Charles I, who describes Henry as an "obdurate Protestant". In addition to the alms box to which Henry forced swearers to contribute, he made sure his household attended church services. His religious views were influenced by the clerics in his household, who came largely from a tradition of politicised Calvinism . Henry listened humbly, attentively, and regularly to the sermons preached to his household, and once told his chaplain, Richard Milbourne, that he esteemed most
244-502: A ceremony in a new Chapel Royal at Stirling purpose-built by William Schaw . James VI set a tax of £100,000 for the expenses. Textiles and costume for the event were bought using Anne's dowry of £100,000 Scots which had been in the safekeeping of various towns. In the month before the baptism, there were rumours at the Scottish court that James VI was jealous of Anne of Denmark and thought that Ludovic Stewart, Duke of Lennox might be
305-549: A court for "pall-mall", laid out at St James's Fields, north of St James's Palace . It was a long alley surfaced with cockle shells crushed into clay or loam. In 1607 Henry sought permission to learn to swim, but the Earls of Suffolk , and Shrewsbury , wrote to Newton that swimming was a "dangerous thing" that their own sons might practise "like feathers as light as things of nought", but was not suitable for Princes as "things of great weight and consequence". A riding school, one of
366-415: A cure. It was reported that his last words were to ask for his sister Princess Elizabeth, who was discouraged from visiting him by their parents' order for fear of contagion. After Henry's death, his brother Charles fell ill but was the chief mourner at the funeral, which King James (who detested funerals) refused to attend. The body lay in state at St. James's Palace for four weeks. On 7 December, over
427-593: A dowry than a Florentine princess ( Caterina de' Medici ) with any amount of gold. With Henry Frederick's death in 1612, Christine of France instead married Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy on 10 February 1619 at the Louvre in Paris , France . Charles, Duke of York , who became the heir apparent to the throne of England and Scotland on his brother's death, fulfilled their mother's wishes by wedding Henrietta Maria of France in 1625. Henry died from typhoid fever at
488-544: A hunting coat of green chamlet lined with velvet. The prince was supplied with perfumed gloves made of stag's leather, perfumed gloves from Córdoba , and embroidered waistcoats "wrought very curiously in colour silks". Prince Henry was introduced to a variety of sports at Stirling Castle. In September 1600 he was bought two golf clubs, two staffs, and four rackets. The handles were covered with velvet and dressed with metal passementerie . In September 1601, an English visitor, Thomas Musgrave , saw Henry dance, leap, and wield
549-457: A little coffer worth £8 Scots for the Prince's clothes. Adam Newton became his schoolmaster or tutor. William Keith of Delny and then George Lauder were his legal tutors, administrators of his estates and incomes. In 1596 Queen Elizabeth , via Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex , and his secretary Anthony Bacon , sent her miniature portrait by Nicholas Hilliard to Prince Henry, and this
610-411: A long robe to hide his ugly rickety legs. Charles stamped on the cap and had to be dragged off in tears. With his father's accession to the throne of England in 1603, Henry at once became Duke of Cornwall . In 1610 he was further invested as Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester , thus for the first time uniting the six automatic and two traditional Scottish and English titles held by heirs-apparent to
671-679: A man with a baboon. He revealed an interest in Venetian maritime power and had a plan of the fortification of Palmanova . As an indoor amusement, Henry played chess. In England, his writing masters included Peter Bales, who practiced "small writing" and made a miniature copy of the king's book of advice, the Basilicon Doron for him to wear as a tablet book. Bales encouraged Henry to copy improving Latin phrases, known as sententiae . Henry translated works by Guy Du Faur, Seigneur de Pibrac and sent them to his mother, Anne of Denmark. He
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#1732772322280732-699: A note to the Earl of Mar in June 1595 instructing him, in the event of his death, not to deliver Henry to Anne of Denmark or the Parliament of Scotland until he was 18 and gave the order himself. Anne of Denmark was reluctant to go to Stirling and was said to be afraid that her enemies would give her a poisoned posset at the Castle. James VI frequently visited the Prince, and travelled to Stirling for his son's first birthday. As early as August 1595, James VI encouraged
793-556: A position as a courtier in the household of Henry, to help him in his struggles against officials in Ireland . Unknown to Sir Cahir, on 19 April 1608, the day he launched O'Doherty's Rebellion by burning Derry , his application was approved. Henry took an interest in the Kingdom of Ireland and was known to be supportive of the idea of a reconciliation with the former rebel Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone , who had fled into exile during
854-460: A regional community theatre in Coniston, Wollongong See also [ edit ] Cockpit Theatre in London (extant 1616 – c. 1665), formally named The Phoenix Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Phoenix Theatre . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to
915-514: A rumour, spread by James's friends, that Anne of Denmark was cruel and ambitious, and hoped to rule Scotland as Regent or Governor for Henry after the death of her husband. James became King of England in 1603 at the Union of the Crowns and his family moved south. Anne of Denmark came to Stirling to collect her son, and after an argument with the Prince's keepers, Marie Stewart, Countess of Mar and
976-404: A series of sermons about the young man's death. (Price borrowed from John Donne 's unrelated The first Anniversary , published in 1611, and The second Anniversary , published in 1612, for some of his language and ideas.): Price also wrote two prose "Anniversaries" on the death: Within a few months of the prince's death, at least 32 poets had versified on it. In addition to those listed below,
1037-594: A theatre in Lincoln's Inn Fields that was once Lisle's Tennis Court , and Killigrew in 1660 to Gibbon's Tennis Court in Vere Street. The Cockpit was also used in this era by the companies of John Rhodes and George Jolly . Samuel Pepys wrote in his diary of several visits to the theatre between 1660 and 1663. In 1663, Killigrew's King's Company opened the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane nearby. The Cockpit
1098-444: A thousand people walked in the mile-long cortège to Westminster Abbey . On top of the coffin there was a wooden effigy of the prince made by Richard Norris, with lifelike features modelled in wax by Abraham van der Doort , clothed in robes of crimson velvet edged with fur. The Archbishop of Canterbury, George Abbot , gave a two-hour sermon. As Henry's body was lowered into the ground, his chief servants broke their staves of office at
1159-570: A time ca. 1615). Queen Henrietta's Men had a long run at the Cockpit, from 1625 to 1636. The last troupe to occupy the Cockpit in Beeston's lifetime was one of his own creation, the King and Queen's Young Company, colloquially known as Beeston's Boys — the last assembly of boy actors in the period. They would continue in the theatre under the management of his son William . William Beeston
1220-609: A trotting horse, as well as Giambologna , a famous sculptor, to the English court in 1611. However, Henry unexpectedly died in 1612, before the marriage negotiations could be finalized. Caterina instead married Ferdinando Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua and Montferrat in 1617. In May 1612, the Duke of Bouillon came to London as the ambassador of Marie de' Medici , dowager queen of France, and cousin to Cosimo II de' Medici through their paternal grandfather, Cosimo I de' Medici . According to
1281-479: A young age studied naval and military affairs and national issues, about which he often disagreed with his father. He also disapproved of the way his father conducted the royal court, disliked Robert Carr, Earl of Somerset , a favourite of his father, and esteemed Walter Raleigh , wishing him to be released from the Tower of London . The prince's popularity rose so high that it threatened his father. Relations between
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#17327723222801342-686: The English Restoration in 1660, when Charles II granted Letters Patent to two companies to perform "legitimate drama" in London: the Duke's Company , led by Davenant, and the King's Company , led by Thomas Killigrew . Both companies briefly made use of the earlier generation of theatres including the Cockpit and the Salisbury Court Theatre , but quickly moved to newer and more fashionable venues — Davenant in 1661 to
1403-554: The Flight of the Earls . Because of this Tyrone and his entourage mourned when the Prince met his early death. In 1611, King James gave Woodstock Palace in Oxfordshire to Prince Henry. Henry had a banqueting house built of leafy tree branches in the park, in which he held a dinner for his parents and his sister Princess Elizabeth . David Murray paid 110 shillings for transporting musical instruments from London to Woodstock for
1464-532: The Master of Mar , was allowed to take Henry to Edinburgh on 28 May. On the following Sunday Anne took him to St Giles Kirk in her silver coach. Anne and Henry arrived in England, at the fortified town of Berwick-upon-Tweed , on 1 June. Henry's tutor Adam Newton continued to serve the Prince, and several Scottish servants from the Stirling household were retained, including the poet David Murray . The prince
1525-535: The Red Bull , the outdoor theatre then home to his acting troupe, Queen Anne's Men . A winter venue was needed to compete with the Blackfriars Theatre in the possession of their rival troupe, the King's Men . After a rocky start, the company proved successful in their new locale. Wickham attributes the success more to the theatre's location and comfort and to the flair of its manager, Beeston, than to
1586-769: The Virginia Company of London 's struggling colony in North America. The city of Henricus in colonial Virginia was named in his honour in 1611; his name also survives in Henrico County, Virginia and Cape Henry . He was the "Supreme Protector" of the Company of Discoverers of the Northwest Passage , and a patron of Robert Harcourt's expedition to Guiana . The Irish Gaelic lord of Inishowen , Sir Cahir O'Doherty , had applied to gain
1647-512: The English, Irish, and Scottish thrones. Henry was born on 19 February 1594 at Stirling Castle , Scotland, and became Duke of Rothesay , Earl of Carrick , Baron of Renfrew , Lord of the Isles , and Prince and Great Steward of Scotland automatically on his birth. His nurses included Mistress Primrose and Mistress Bruce. Henry's baptism on 30 August 1594 was celebrated with complex theatrical entertainments written by poet William Fowler and
1708-808: The Phoenix Theatre, in Leicester United States [ edit ] Phoenix Theatre (New York City) , an off-Broadway theatre (1953–1982) Phoenix Theatre (Indianapolis) , a professional alternative theatre Phoenix Theatre (Phoenix) , a regional theatre Phoenix Theater , an all-ages club in Petaluma, California Canada [ edit ] Phoenix Concert Theatre , Toronto Italy [ edit ] La Fenice (The Phoenix), an opera house in Venice, Italy Australia [ edit ] Phoenix Theatre, Coniston ,
1769-536: The Prince in England were managed by the Cofferer of the Household , Henry Cocke and after 1610 David Foulis . David Murray of Gorthy was keeper of the Prince's privy purse and his accounts reveal some details of Henry's interests. Two Scottish tailors, Alexander Wilson and Patrick Black, moved to London and made the prince's clothes. Wilson made him doublets and hose from cloth supplied by Robert Grigge, and
1830-478: The Venetian ambassador Nicolò Molin and other diplomats. This was the first time he had made an appearance and dined outside the royal household, and his father joked that Henry was the ambassador's prisoner. On 15 March 1604, Henry rode on horseback behind his father through the streets of London during the delayed Royal Entry . From 1604 onwards, Henry often stayed at St James's Palace . The gardens were improved for him by Alphonsus Fowle. The daily expenses of
1891-451: The Venetian ambassador he would learn modern Italian. Esther Inglis presented him with miniature manuscript books, including A Book of the Armes of England , as a New Year's Day gift for which he rewarded her £5. The Venetian ambassador, Nicolò Molin , judged that Henry learnt under the impetus of his father's spur, rather than his own inclination, and his brother, Charles, Duke of York ,
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1952-453: The Venetian ambassador, Antonio Foscarini , his instructions included a proposal of marriage between Christine of France , the daughter of King Henry IV of France and sister of King Louis XIII of France , and Henry, the Prince of Wales. Anne of Denmark , the queen consort and Henry's mother, told one of the Duke's senior companions that she would prefer Henry married a French princess without
2013-444: The age of 18 on 6 November 1612, during the celebrations that led up to the wedding of his sister Elizabeth . (The diagnosis can be made with reasonable certainty from written records of the post-mortem examination, which was ordered to be carried out in order to dispel rumours of poisoning.) His mother, Anne of Denmark, had sent requests to Walter Raleigh in the Tower of London for his special "great cordial", which failed to effect
2074-471: The construction work prompted complaints by neighbors, which left traces in the legal records of the time. The resulting theatre was, by one estimate, 52 feet (16 m) by 37 feet (11 m), "noticeably smaller than the Blackfriars ." The architect commissioned for the renovation is not known for a certainty, but circumstantial evidence points to Inigo Jones . Two sheets drawn by Jones and showing
2135-510: The event. In between 1610 and 1612, potential brides from across Europe were considered for Henry. In particular, Cosimo II de' Medici of the House of Medici , and the ruler of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany in what is now Italy , hoped to arrange a royal marriage between Henry and his sister, Caterina de' Medici . To this end, Cosimo II sent fifteen small bronze statutes, including one of
2196-443: The father of Prince Henry. His father placed him in the care of John Erskine, Earl of Mar , and his mother Annabell Murray , at Stirling Castle , out of the care of the boy's mother. James VI worried that the mother's tendency toward Catholicism might affect the son. The child's removal to Stirling caused enormous tension between Anne and James, and Henry remained there under the care of Mar's family until 1603. James VI wrote
2257-462: The first in England, was built for him at St James's Palace in 1607. Henry competed at running at the ring with foreign visitors and diplomats including Louis Frederick, Duke of Württemberg-Montbéliard , in April and May 1610. Henry talked of the merits of various breeds of horses and his own Barbary horses to the Venetian ambassador Antonio Foscarini in 1611. In March 1609, he was entertained by
2318-514: The grave. Prince Henry's death was widely regarded as a tragedy for the nation. According to Charles Carlton, "Few heirs to the English throne have been as widely and deeply mourned as Prince Henry." Henry's titles of Duke of Cornwall and Duke of Rothesay passed to Charles, who until then had lived in Henry's shadow. Four years later, Charles, then 16 years old, was created Prince of Wales and Earl of Chester. Henry's chaplain, Daniel Price, delivered
2379-422: The infant to hold a pen and make a penstroke on a document, which the king humorously certified, "I will testify this is the prince's own mark". The Prince had silver candlesticks, a silver cup and a silver plate with a salt cellar. Elizabeth I contributed to the expenses at Stirling, paying £5000 Scots in 1595. At this time, Patrick Gray, Master of Gray was keeper of Henry's wardrobe, and took delivery of
2440-501: The intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phoenix_Theatre&oldid=1230921982 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Lists of theatres Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Cockpit Theatre The Cockpit was a theatre in London , operating from 1616 to around 1665. It
2501-532: The interior and exterior design of some theatre have survived; John Orrell makes the case that the theatre is the Cockpit, while allowing that he cannot produce conclusive evidence to that end. (In 1629, Inigo Jones would design another "Cockpit" theatre, a private one within Whitehall called the Cockpit-in-Court or Royal Cockpit.) Beeston intended the Cockpit to serve as an indoor complement to
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2562-446: The loss of his son Absalom in battle; it is thought that both settings were directly inspired by the death of the prince. The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography refers to a mourning song in memory of Prince Henry by John Ward remaining unpublished during the composer's lifetime; however, a "newly composed" song on the same subject was included in his First Set of Madrigals (1613). Henry Frederick as Prince of Wales bore
2623-498: The preachers whose attitude suggested, "Sir, you must hear me diligently: you must have a care to observe what I say." Henry is said to have disliked his younger brother, Charles, and to have teased him, although this derives from only one anecdote: when Charles was nine years of age, Henry snatched the hat off a bishop and put it on the younger child's head, then told his younger brother that when he became king he would make Charles Archbishop of Canterbury , and then Charles would have
2684-490: The quality of its performers. Beeston would oversee several different troupes in the Cockpit before his death in 1639. Queen Anne's Men were there from 1617 to 1619; when that company dissolved upon the death of Anne of Denmark in 1619, their place was taken by Prince Charles's Men from 1619 to 1622. Lady Elizabeth's Men were there from 1622 to 1624, and perhaps for sporadic periods as early as 1619 (the two companies, Prince Charles's and Lady Elizabeth's, had combined for
2745-581: The rioters, killing three. The apprentices entered the building and cut up the costumes. Beeston's rapid restoration of the playhouse after the riot may explain why it was sometimes called the Phoenix. Like earlier theatres, such as The Theatre in Shoreditch and The Globe in Southwark , the location was just outside the jurisdiction of the City of London . Beeston expanded the original small building;
2806-577: The supervision of John Best, "cockmaster" to Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales , King James I's eldest son and heir). In August 1616, Christopher Beeston acquired the lease to the building and converted it to an indoor playhouse. In March 1617, rioting apprentices attempted to destroy the playhouse, probably out of anger that their favorite plays had been removed from the Red Bull outdoor amphitheater, which charged only one penny for admission, to this more expensive (six-penny) venue. The actors shot at
2867-489: The theatre was in Cockpit Alley, which ran from Drury Lane to Great Wild Street; the present-day Martlett Court is off Drury Lane roughly opposite where the entrance to Cockpit Alley was. 51°30′47″N 0°07′14″W / 51.51306°N 0.12056°W / 51.51306; -0.12056 Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales , KG (19 February 1594 – 6 November 1612),
2928-669: The theatre, in the hope that he would be able to start performances there again — though the hope proved illusory. In the last years of the English Interregnum , under the common conceit that music was not acting, Davenant was permitted to present two licensed operas in the Cockpit: The Cruelty of the Spaniards in Peru in 1658 and Sir Francis Drake in 1659. The theatres were permitted to reopen after
2989-411: The two could be tense, and on occasion surfaced in public. At one point, they were hunting near Royston when James criticised his son for lacking enthusiasm for the chase, and initially moved to strike his son with his cane, but Henry rode off. Most of the hunting party then followed the son. "Upright to the point of priggishness, he fined all who swore in his presence", according to Charles Carlton,
3050-426: The two thrones. The ceremony of investiture was celebrated with a pageant London's Love to Prince Henry , and a masque, Tethys' Festival , during which his mother gave a sword encrusted with diamonds, intended to represent justice. As a young man, Henry showed great promise and was beginning to be active in leadership matters. Among his activities, he was responsible for the reassignment of Sir Thomas Dale to
3111-441: The writers included Sir Walter Raleigh (a friend), John Donne , Edward Herbert , Thomas Heywood and Henry King . These poems were published in 1612 (see 1612 in poetry ): These poems and songs were published in 1613 (see 1613 in poetry ): In addition to the above verse-setting by Coperario, both Thomas Tomkins and Thomas Weelkes composed settings of "When David heard", a Biblical passage in which King David laments
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#17327723222803172-556: The younger , Nicholas Villiard, and Walter Quinn. Thomas Giles taught him to dance. In August 1604 Henry danced for the Spanish envoy, the Constable Velasco , and showed him military pike exercises in the palace garden. Charles Guerolt taught Henry the "science of defence", fencing . At Oatlands in 1603 Prince Henry told Scaramelli , a Venetian diplomat, about his interests in dancing, tennis and hunting. George Moncrieff
3233-530: Was a patron of Joshua Sylvester , who translated the poems of Guillaume de Salluste Du Bartas . Henry started to translate Sylvester's version into Latin to present to his father. He paid £100 to George Heriot for a diamond ring sent to his friend the essayist John Harington of Kelston , who sent him a translation of the sixth book of the Aeneid with notes referring to his father's Basilicon Doron . Henry seems not to have studied ancient Greek authors, but told
3294-559: Was forced out of the theatre when his choice of plays met with the disapproval of the Court. He was replaced by William Davenant in 1639. All theatres were closed by Parliament in 1642, under the Commonwealth . The Cockpit was used as a schoolroom, but plays continued to be shown illegally. It was raided by Puritan soldiers during a performance in 1649 and the players were imprisoned. In 1651 William Beeston paid £200 for repairs to
3355-595: Was his falconer and kept his hawks. In 1606 the French ambassador Antoine Lefèvre de la Boderie noted that Prince Henry played golf, which he described as a Scottish game not unlike "pallemail" or pall-mall . One of Prince Henry's biographers, "W. H.", mentioned that Henry nearly hit Adam Newton with a golf ball, and Henry said that would have paid him back. Henry also played tennis, and in July 1606 played with his uncle Christian IV of Denmark at Greenwich Palace . He had
3416-595: Was lodged at Oatlands and Nonsuch Palace , and was relocated to Winchester during an outbreak of plague. At Winchester, in September 1603, Anne of Denmark produced a masque to welcome her son, which was controversial. In November 1603 he was staying at Wilton House , and King James joked that a letter presented to Henry by the Venetian diplomats was bigger than he was. Henry rode with the Earl of Nottingham and his governor Sir Thomas Chaloner to Salisbury to dine with
3477-495: Was more earnest in his studies. The king greatly preferred the role of schoolmaster to that of father, and he wrote texts for the schooling of his children. James directed that Henry's household "should rather imitate a College than a Court", or, as Thomas Chaloner wrote in 1607, "His Highness's household [...] was intended by the King for a courtly college or a collegiate court " He passionately engaged in such physical pursuits as hawking, hunting, jousting and fencing, and from
3538-606: Was received by the Earl of Mar at Stirling. It was said that Prince Henry would be godfather to his younger brother Duke Robert , in May 1602, and afterwards stay at Dunfermline Palace with his mother, but James VI forbade this. Alexander Wilson became Henry's tailor. In 1602 it was planned that Henry would visit his mother at Falkland Palace , but this was postponed because of her sickness. The French ambassador in London Christophe de Harlay, Count of Beaumont , reported
3599-455: Was the eldest son and heir apparent of James VI and I , King of England and Scotland ; and his wife Anne of Denmark . His name derives from his grandfathers: Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley ; and Frederick II of Denmark . Prince Henry was widely seen as a bright and promising heir to his father's thrones. However, at the age of 18, he predeceased his father, dying of typhoid fever . His younger brother Charles succeeded him as heir apparent to
3660-468: Was the first theatre to be located near Drury Lane . After damage in 1617, it was named The Phoenix . The original building was an actual cockpit; that is, a staging area for cockfights . Most likely a round building with a peaked roof, about 40 feet (12 m) in diameter, it was erected under Henry VIII, c. 1530-32, as part of a gaming complex. Records indicate a major restoration in 1581-82 and renovations in 1589-90, 1602-3, and 1608-9 (the latter under
3721-459: Was unable to compete with this relatively grand new theatre and was further hamstrung since it was shut out of the monopoly on "legitimate drama" granted to the two patent companies . There is no record of any play being mounted at the Cockpit after 1665; the eventual fate of the structure is unknown. The Phoenix was located in the middle of the area bounded today by Drury Lane, Great Queen Street, Great Wild Street, and Kemble Street. The entrance to
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