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38-449: The town occupies tambon Nai Wiang of Mueang Phrae District and has an area of nine km with a population of 15,316 (2019). The town is known for its rich history, textile industry and temple architecture, as well as offering a blend of both Isan and Lan Na culture and cruisine. The town was first established in 1371. During the late 1800s, Phrae served as a major center for the teak trade, with numerous foreign companies operating around

76-531: A tambon may either be administered by a Subdistrict (Tambon) Administrative Organization (SAO or TAO, Thai : องค์การบริหารส่วนตำบล ) or a Tambon Council (TC, Thai : สภาตำบล ). However, since 2001 all of the Tambon Councils have been upgraded to Tambon Administrative Organizations. The TAO council consist of two representatives from each administrative village in the subdistrict, and one directly elected president. The subdistrict area which belongs to

114-494: A municipality ( thesaban ) is administered by the municipal council. In the event only part of the subdistrict is within a municipality, the remaining part is administered by a TAO. Adjoining subdistricts of a single district can also have a joint TAO. In 2001, Thai Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra started a project in which every tambon would select a typical, distinctive local product. The project then aids in promoting

152-734: A northeast–southwest direction. These ranges cover an extensive area and are often separated by intermontane basins or lowlands. They end in the west with the Khun Tan Range , in the east with the Luang Prabang Range , and with the Central Plain of Siam in the south. The northern tip is bound by the Mekong River . There are columnar basalt formations in Mon Hin Kong ( Thai : ม่อนหินกอง ) in an area in

190-693: A number of lesser mountains with the name ' Doi Luang ' throughout the range. Other noteworthy peaks are: The Phi Pan Nam range of mountains is not as high as neighboring mountain systems. It is, however, significant from the hydrographic point of view. These mountains divide the Mekong from the Chao Phraya watershed and important rivers of Thailand have their source in the Phi Pan Nam area. Its name in Thai "ทิวเขาผีปันน้ำ" roughly means "the mountains of

228-429: A population of 17,971. In 2019, it declined to 15,316 with females making up 53.4% of the population. Phrae has a tropical savanna climate ( Köppen climate classification Aw ). Winters are dry and warm. Temperatures rise until April, which is very hot with the average daily maximum at 37.6 °C (99.7 °F). The monsoon season runs from May through October, with heavy rain and somewhat cooler temperatures during

266-584: A small section in the northeast is within Sainyabuli and Bokeo provinces of Laos . In Thailand the range extends mainly across Chiang Rai , Phayao , Lampang , Phrae , Nan , Uttaradit and Sukhothai Provinces , reaching Tak Province at its southwestern end. The population density of the area is relatively low. Only two sizable towns, Phayao and Phrae , are within the area of the mountain system and both have fewer than 20,000 inhabitants each. Larger towns, like Chiang Rai and Uttaradit , are near

304-465: A subdistrict in Thailand is about 70.72 km (27.31 sq mi), while its average population of a subdistrict in Thailand is about 9,637 people. The tambon as a subdivision has a long history. It was the second-level subdivision of the area administered by a provincial town in the 19th century. The governor of the province was supposed to appoint a communal elder, kamnan or phan . In

342-577: A wide range of animal and plant species. The whole area of the range is part of the Central Indochina dry forests ecoregion . There are a number of protected areas in the Phi Pan Nam mountains, mostly encompassing mountainous terrain. These are patchily distributed across the range, and the largest national parks are in its central part, roughly around Phayao town. Protected sectors are typically surrounded by agricultural zones, often near roads and villages and thus with vast surfaces under

380-506: Is Route 101, which begins in Nan to the north, passes through Phrae, and leads to Sawankhalok , Sukhothai , and finally Kamphaeng Phet . The town is served by Phrae Airport , a small airport in Mueang Mo, on the east side of town. It handles only domestic flights from and to Don Mueang (DMK) by Nok Air . Tambon Tambon ( Thai : ตำบล , pronounced [tām.bōn] )

418-533: Is a local governmental unit in Thailand . Below district ( amphoe ) and province ( changwat ), they form the third administrative subdivision level. As of 2016 there were 7,255 tambons, not including the 180 khwaeng of Bangkok , which are set at the same administrative level, thus every district contains eight to ten tambon. Tambon is usually translated as " township " or "subdistrict" in English —

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456-693: The Wiang Ko Sai National Park but there have been no sightings in recent years. The green peafowl , now rare in the wilderness and threatened by habitat destruction throughout Southeast Asia , breeds in the central mountains of the range from January to March. Among the other animals, the Indian muntjac , Burmese hare , Indian hare , Indochinese flying squirrel , black giant squirrel , Java mouse-deer , jungle cat , mainland serow , masked palm civet , Asian palm civet , Malayan civet , bamboo rat and northern treeshrew , as well as

494-601: The 1950s and the 1970s. There is now a historical site and a forest park at Doi Phaya Phipak, also known as Phaya Phipak. A controversial dam was planned in the central area of the range on the Yom River in Kaeng Suea Ten in 1991 but this project was later abandoned in the face of popular opposition. The debate about the dam, however, resumed in 2011. Two smaller dams on the Yom River may be built instead of

532-476: The 362.4 m Khao Phlueng Tunnel in Uttaradit and Phrae Provinces. In the mountains north of Thoeng , at the northeast end of the range, Hmong people live in small villages such as Ban Saen Than Sai and Ban Phaya Phripak, the latter on top of a mountain pass. The Phi Pan Nam Range is composed of many smaller mountain chains roughly aligned in a north–south direction in its northern part and, further south, in

570-502: The Kaeng Suea Ten mega-dam. Generally the forested areas of the Phi Pan Nam are known for their teak and bamboo forest. The mountain ranges are covered with tropical dry broadleaf forests , including sections of moist evergreen forest , mixed deciduous forest , dry deciduous forest , as well as hill evergreen forest at higher altitudes. There is great biodiversity in these mountains and their few unspoilt valleys, with

608-718: The United Kingdom, United States and Denmark. It also led to an influx of Christians and Christian missionaries, such as the American Presbyterian mission. The last chao luang (king) of Phrae, Piriya Thepwong, ascended the throne upon his father's death on 5 April 1889. In 1891, the former treasurer of Phrae constructed the Wichai Racha Residence, which would act as a safehouse during the Ngiao rebellion and World War II. In 1892, Khum Chao Luang

646-491: The administrative reforms started in 1892 under Prince Damrong Rajanubhab , the first Thai Minister of the Interior , the three levels of subdivision of provinces were continued, i.e., starting from district to tambon to the lowest level called muban . The subdistricts are subdivided into administrative villages (muban, หมู่บ้าน ) as the lowest administrative subdivision. Usually these are referred to much more often by

684-693: The areas that have become " degraded forest ". Owing to the relative isolation of the area there was Communist insurgency in the mountainous forests of the Phi Pan Nam Range during the Cold War . A memorial was erected on 1,118 m high Doi Phaya Phipak (ดอยพญาพิภักดิ์) to commemorate the victims of the battles between troops of the Royal Thai Armed Forces and the insurgents of the Communist Party of Thailand between

722-552: The day, although nights remain warm. Phrae is home to many notable Buddhist temples, including Wat Phrathat Cho Hae, Wat Pongsunan (Temple of the Tortoise), Wat Chorm Sawan, Khum Chao Luang, and Wat Phra That Cho Hae. The latter is on a hill, nine km away from the town center. During the 1800s, two teak bungalows were built by Christians in place of churches and are still present in the town. (Birth–Death) (1919-1978) วรวัจน์ เอื้ออภิญญกุล (1959) The main road through Phrae

760-595: The fragmented, although relatively undisturbed Phi Pan Nam forests are the fishing cat , sun bear , Asiatic black bear , Chinese pangolin , Indochinese tiger , sambar deer , gaur , Bengal slow loris , Sunda pangolin , as well as the Asiatic softshell turtle and the big-headed turtle . There are also Asian elephants in their natural habitat in a few protected areas, such as in the Si Satchanalai National Park . Formerly there were also in

798-819: The influence of the edge effect . Besides the national parks and wildlife reserves, there are the Huai Tak Teak Biosphere Reserve in Lampang Province and the Phu Langka Forest Park , located in Chiang Kham District and Pong District of Phrae Province. The main attractions of the forest park are Doi Hua Ling , Doi Phu Lang Ka and Doi Phu Nom ; the latter is a breast-shaped hill rising in an area of grassland . Formerly there were large extensions of teak ( Tectona grandis ) forests in

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836-456: The latter is the recommended translation, though also often used for king amphoe , the designation for a subdistrict acting as a branch (Thai: king ) of the parent district. Tambon are further subdivided into 74,944 villages ( muban ) as of 2008. Tambon within cities or towns are not subdivided into villages, but may have less formal communities called chumchon ( ชุมชน ) that may be formed into community associations . The average area of

874-642: The limits of the Phi Pan Nam Range, in the north and in the south, respectively. Phahonyothin Road , part of the AH2 Highway system, crosses the Phi Pan Nam Range area from north to south, between Tak and Chiang Rai. There are two railway tunnels of the Northern Line across the Phi Pan Nam mountains. Both are on the south side of the range: the 130.2 m Huai Mae Lan Tunnel in Phrae Province and

912-491: The mountains near Na Phun, Wang Chin District , Phrae Province. In Phae Mueang Phi there are mushroom rocks and other bizarre rock formations caused by erosion . The Phi Pan Nam range system is often divided into two physiographic longitudinal sections: The highest point is the 1,694 metres (5,558 ft) high summit known as Doi Luang . It is in the northwestern area of the range near Phayao town, but there are

950-537: The police station in Phrae led by Sala Po Chai and Phaka Mong. The rioters, now numbering around 300, stormed the governor's residence and forced the chao luang to aid the rebellion. They then went about killing ethnic Central Thai residences, including the governor Thongyuu. From 25 July to 16 August, the town remained under Shan control. However, military defeat to the Siamese army led to mass disorganization and anarchy in

988-482: The product, as well as assisting in modernizing production. Shops selling OTOP products are located in each provincial capital. Phlueng Range The Phi Pan Nam Range , also Pee Pan Nam , ( Thai : ทิวเขาผีปันน้ำ , pronounced [tʰīw kʰǎw pʰǐː pān náːm] ) is a 400 km (249 mi) long system of mountain ranges in the eastern half of the Thai highlands . The range lies mostly in Thailand , although

1026-996: The range, including the highly appreciated golden teak variety. These forests are now much reduced. Forest fires are common during the dry season. Some of the other species of trees found in the forests of the mountains are: Afzelia xylocarpa , Ailanthus triphysa , Anisoptera costata , Artocarpus lacucha , Berrya ammonilla , Betula alnoides , Cinnamomum iners , Dalbergia oliveri , Dillenia pentagyna , Dipterocarpus obtusifolius , Dipterocarpus alatus , Dipterocarpus turbinatus , Duabanga grandiflora , Garcinia indica , Hopea odorata , Irvingia malayana , Lagerstroemia loudonii , Lagerstroemia calyculata , Lagerstroemia tomentosa , Lithocarpus densiflorus , Mangifera caloneura , Michelia champaca , Michelia floribunda , Pterocarpus macrocarpus , Schleichera oleosa , Terminalia bellirica , Toona ciliata , Vitex pinnata and Xylia xylocarpa . The endangered animal species sheltered by some of

1064-585: The range. The Sirikit Dam is at the southeastern edge of the Phi Pan Nam mountains. There were formerly large teak forests in some areas of the range. However, at the beginning of the 20th century concessions were given to logging companies and the forest cover dwindled dramatically especially in lowland areas between ranges. Deforestation also has affected areas that were cleared for local agriculture. Often wildfires are deliberately set off by local farmers, as well as by speculators who hire people to set forests on fire in order to claim land title deeds for

1102-896: The rebellion, the chao luang went into exile in Luang Prabang and the Kingdom of Phrae was ended. During World War II after the Japanese invasion of Thailand and Thailand siding with the Japanese, members of the Free Thai movement operated in Phrae and used the Wichai Racha Residence as a safehouse. Following the 2014 coup, the National Council for Peace and Order ceased all duties of Mayor Chokchai Phanomkwan on 25 June 2015. Prime-minister Prayut Chan-o-cha reinstated Chokchai's duties on 28 August 2020. Chokchai Phanomkwan

1140-878: The spirits dividing the waters", 'spirits' (ผี phi ) here referring to ancient mountain deities of Thai folklore . Among the Thai rivers that originate in the Phi Pan Nam Mountains the main ones are the Wang and Yom River , with their tributaries such as the Ngao , flowing towards the Chao Phraya. The Ing and the Lao , a tributary of the Kok River , flow northwards and are part of the Mekong basin. A great number of smaller rivers have their sources in mountains across

1178-535: The town after the death of their leaders. On August 5, Harold Lyle, the British vice-consul in Nan , moved into the former governor's residence in an attempt to restore order. He however delayed the Siamese and Danish armies from entering the town in fear that a massacre of local and foreign residences would occur. Finally on August 16, Pichai provincial police reclaimed the town before the main Siamese army led by Surasak Montri arrived on August 20. For his involvement in

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1216-643: The town become home to several foreign residences and companies that operated teak farms nearby, such as the East Asiatic company and the Bombay Burmah Trading Corporation . The East Asiatic company began logging in 1897 until it expired in 1936; while the Bombay Burmah was granted in 1889 a logging concession. Increased foreign presence of companies later led to an influx of foreign residences from different nations such as

1254-472: The town. Before centralization reforms by King Chulalongkorn were untertakened, Phrae served as the capital of the Kingdom of Phrae and the seat of the royal family of Phrae. In 1902, the town served as the center for the Shan-led Ngiao rebellion , which aimed to overthrow Central Thai rule over Lan Na before being crushed. Central Thai authority over Phrae was reestablished on 16 August 1902. Phrae

1292-529: The town; the Phlueng Range to the east are higher, reaching about 800 metres (2,600 ft) above sea level, whereas the Phi Pan Nam Range to the west are about 500 metres (1,600 ft) above sea level. At Phae Muang Phi , a few kilometres north of Phrae, there is an impressive landscape of mushroom rocks and distinctive pillars shaped by natural erosive action . In 2005, Phrae had

1330-594: The village number than the actual name, especially as an administrative village may contain more than one settlement, or a large settlement may be split into more than one administrative village. One of the elected village headmen is elected as the subdistrict headman ( Kamnan ). With the Tambon Council and Tambon Administrative Authority Act BE 2537 (1994) and later by the constitution of 1997 , tambon were decentralized into local government units with an elected tambon council. Depending on its size and tax income

1368-473: Was constructed as the royal residence of the chao luang. In 1897, Chinese architects from Guangzhou constructed a pink-white mansion made from teak which served as a wedding present for the king of Phrae to his stepdaughter. Also in the same year, in line with Chulalongkorn centralization reforms, Bangkok appointed Phraya Chaiboon (Thongyuu Suwanbat) as the governor. On 25 July 1902, a group of Shan miners who previously ambushed Siamese police and soldiers, stormed

1406-644: Was constructed during the Sukhothai period. One of the earliest temples to be constructed in Phrae was Wat Phra That Cho Hae around 1336-1338 during the Sukhothai period . During the 1500s, the town served as an outpost controlled by the Kingdom of Lan Na . During the 1800s, the Northern Thailand experienced economic growth through the teak industry. Due to Phrae's location to numerous teak forests,

1444-408: Was removed as mayor of Phrae due to corruption in delaying hotel taxes and parking fee collection on 25 January 2022. Phrae lies on the Yom River , at an elevation of 159 metres (522 ft). The town is mostly built on the east side of the river, but some outlying parts are built on the west side of the river and are connected to the main part by bridges. There are hills both to the east and west of

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