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88-899: Former NLL professional box lacrosse team [REDACTED] This article does not cite any sources . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed . Find sources:   "Pittsburgh Bulls"  –  news   · newspapers   · books   · scholar   · JSTOR ( December 2009 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message ) Pittsburgh Bulls [REDACTED] Sport Box lacrosse Founded 1990 Disbanded 1993 League Major Indoor Lacrosse League Division National Location Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania Arena Pittsburgh Civic Arena Colors Black, Gold     Championships 0 The Pittsburgh Bulls were

176-508: A shot clock and the attacking team must take a shot on goal within 30 seconds of gaining possession of the ball. In addition, players must advance the ball from their own defensive end to the offensive half of the floor within 10 seconds (8 in NLL). For most penalties, the offending player is sent to the penalty box and his team has to play without him and with one less player for a short amount of time. Most penalties last for two minutes unless

264-440: A 30-second shot clock , which is similar to a professional or collegiate basketball shot clock. The clock starts its countdown once one team gets possession of the ball. If the offense does not shoot the ball in time, they lose possession. However, if the offense shoots on goal and then retrieves the ball, the shot clock is restarted. Fighting is a 5-minute major penalty and does not result in an automatic ejection. Each team in

352-472: A ball in his own team's crease). In the NLL, a penalty shot is awarded against any team taking a too-many-men penalty in the final two minutes of the game or overtime. Similar to fighting in ice hockey , fighting is tolerated in professional box lacrosse. Professional players are not automatically subject to ejection, but incur a five-minute major penalty. In Canadian Lacrosse Association play, players are assessed

440-464: A five-minute major penalty plus a game misconduct. Fighting in youth or club level box lacrosse is typically penalized with expulsion and suspensions. In 1990, when the Six Nations created the new Mohawk lacrosse league, fighting was specifically targeted as unacceptable. Violators were ejected from the game in which the altercation occurred and given a minimum three-game suspension. Box lacrosse

528-407: A game misconduct is ejected and may not return to play. Receiving two major penalties in a game risks a game misconduct. A penalty shot, where a player from the non-offending team is given an attempt to score a goal without opposition from any defending players except the goaltender, may be awarded under certain circumstances. By rule, teams must have at least three runners in play. If a team commits

616-530: A major penalty has been assessed. The team that has taken the penalty is said to be playing shorthanded while the other team is on the power play . A two-minute minor penalty is often called for lesser infractions such as slashing, tripping, elbowing, roughing, too many players, illegal equipment, holding, or interference. Five-minute major penalties are called for especially violent instances of most minor infractions that result in intentional injury to an opponent, as well as for fighting. Players are released from

704-9419: A member of the Major Indoor Lacrosse League from 1990 to 1993 .They were based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania . The National Lacrosse League would return to Pittsburgh in 2000 with the Pittsburgh CrosseFire , but the team would only stay for one season before moving to become the Washington Power . All time record [ edit ] Season Division W-L Finish Home Road GF GA Coach Playoffs 1990 3–5 5th 2–2 1–3 86 86 Dennis Wey Missed playoffs 1991 National 3–7 2nd 1–4 2–3 125 158 Dennis Wey Missed playoffs 1992 National 3–5 4th 2–2 1–3 97 121 Dennis Wey Missed playoffs 1993 National 1–7 4th 0–4 1–3 97 108 Dennis Wey Missed playoffs Total 4 seasons 10–24 5–12 5–12 405 473 See also [ edit ] Lacrosse in Pennsylvania v t e Defunct National Lacrosse League teams Albany Attack Anaheim Storm Arizona Sting Baltimore Thunder Boston Blazers Charlotte Cobras Chicago Shamrox Columbus Landsharks Detroit Turbos Edmonton Rush Minnesota Swarm Montreal Express New England Blazers New Jersey Saints New Jersey Storm New York Riptide New York Saints New York Titans Ontario Raiders Orlando Titans Ottawa Rebel Panther City Lacrosse Club Philadelphia Wings (2nd incarnation) Pittsburgh Bulls Pittsburgh CrosseFire Portland LumberJax Rochester Knighthawks (original) San Jose Stealth Syracuse Smash Vancouver Ravens Washington Power Washington Stealth Washington Wave v t e Defunct sports teams based in Pennsylvania Baseball Major leagues American League Philadelphia Athletics American Association Philadelphia Athletics Federal League Pittsburgh Rebels NABBP Athletic of Philadelphia National Association of Professional Base Ball Players Philadelphia White Stockings Philadelphia Centennials Negro leagues Harrisburg Giants Hilldale Daisies Homestead Grays Philadelphia Giants Philadelphia Pythians Philadelphia Stars Philadelphia Tigers Pittsburgh Crawfords Pittsburgh Keystones Players' League Philadelphia Quakers Pittsburgh Burghers Union Association Altoona Mountain Citys Philadelphia Keystones Pittsburgh Stogies Minor Leagues Atlantic League Lehigh Valley Black Diamonds Pennsylvania Road Warriors Blue Ridge League Chambersburg Maroons Chambersburg Young Yanks Gettysburg Patriots Gettysburg Ponies Hanover Hornets Hanover Raiders Waynesboro Villagers Waynesboro Red Birds Eastern League Allentown Brooks Allentown Cardinals Allentown Chiefs Allentown Red Sox Hazleton Red Sox Johnstown Johnnies Johnstown Red Sox Lancaster Red Roses Reading Brooks Reading Red Sox Scranton Miners Scranton Red Sox Wilkes-Barre Indians York Pirates York White Roses Interstate League Reading Chicks Sunbury Senators Sunbury Indians Sunbury Yankees Sunbury Reds Sunbury A's York Bees International Association for Professional Base Ball Players Pittsburgh Allegheny New York–Penn League Bradford Blue Wings Erie Cardinals Erie Orioles Erie Sailors Erie Tigers Williamsport Astros Williamsport Red Sox Northern League Allentown Ambassadors Basketball NBA Philadelphia Warriors ABA Pittsburgh Pipers Pittsburgh Condors ABL Pittsburgh Rens ABA (est. 2000) Pittsburgh Phantoms BAA Pittsburgh Ironmen CBA Allentown Jets Lancaster Red Roses Pittsburgh Piranhas Pittsburgh Xplosion Scranton Miners Wilkes-Barre Barons NABL Philadelphia Tapers USBL Northeast Pennsylvania Breakers Philadelphia Aces Philadelphia Spirit Pennsylvania ValleyDawgs Football NFL Frankford Yellow Jackets Pennsylvania Keystoners Pottsville Maroons NFL World War II Mergers Phil-Pitt "Steagles" (1943) Chicago-Pittsburgh "Card-Pitt" (1944) AFL (1926) Philadelphia Quakers AFL (1936) Pittsburgh Americans USFL Philadelphia Stars Pittsburgh Maulers World Football League Philadelphia Bell NFL (1902) Philadelphia Athletics Philadelphia Phillies Pittsburgh Stars AA Bethlehem Bulldogs Wilkes-Barre Bullets Erie Vets AL Coaldale Big Green Gilberton Cadamounts Shenandoah Yellow Jackets Wilkes-Barre Barons ELPF Bethlehem Bears All-Lancaster Red Roses Mount Carmel Wolverines Shenandoah Red Jackets EPFL Hazleton Redskins Reading/Shenandoah Rams Wilkes-Barre Panthers Scranton Miners Independents Allegheny Athletic Association Conshohocken Athletic Club Duquesne Country and Athletic Club Franklin Athletic Club Glassport Odds Greensburg Athletic Association Holmesburg Athletic Club Homestead Library & Athletic Club Jeannette Athletic Club J.P. Rooneys Latrobe Athletic Association McKeesport Olympics Oil City Athletic Club Pitcairn Quakers Pittsburgh Athletic Club Pittsburgh Lyceum Union Club of Phoenixville Union Quakers of Philadelphia Arena-Indoor Football AFL Pittsburgh Gladiators Pittsburgh Power AIFA/AIFL/AIF Central Penn Capitals Erie Freeze Pittsburgh RiverRats / Erie Explosion Johnstown Riverhawks Harrisburg Stampede Philadelphia Yellow Jackets Reading Express NIFL Johnstown J Dogs Hockey NHL Philadelphia Quakers Pittsburgh Pirates AHL Erie Blades Philadelphia Firebirds Philadelphia Arrows Philadelphia Ramblers Philadelphia Rockets Pittsburgh Hornets EHL Johnstown Jets Johnstown Red Wings ECHL Erie Panthers Johnstown Chiefs MAHL Mon Valley Thunder IHL Pittsburgh Shamrocks Pittsburgh Yellow Jackets IPHL Pittsburgh Professionals WPHL Duquesne Athletic Club Duquesne Country and Athletic Club Pittsburgh Athletic Club Pittsburgh Bankers Pittsburgh Keystones Pittsburgh Lyceum Pittsburgh Pirates Pittsburgh Victorias NAHL Keystone Ice Miners Pittsburgh Forge RHI Philadelphia Bulldogs Pittsburgh Phantoms USAHA Pittsburgh Yellow Jackets Fort Pitt Hornets Lacrosse NLL Pittsburgh Bulls Pittsburgh CrosseFire Soccer USL-2 Philadelphia Freedom MISL Philadelphia Fever Pittsburgh Spirit CSL Pittsburgh Stingers NPSL Philadelphia Spartans Pittsburgh Phantoms NASL Philadelphia Atoms Philadelphia Fury Australian rules football USAFL Lehigh Valley Crocs Pittsburgh Wallabies Category: Defunct sports clubs and teams in Pennsylvania v t e Sports in Pittsburgh Dapper Dan Grand Prix Great Race Head of

792-407: A men's sport. Women who played the sport of lacrosse typically played the women's field lacrosse version. Recently, Ontario , Alberta , Nova Scotia and British Columbia have established girls' and women's box lacrosse leagues. During the 2003 NLL season , goaltender Ginny Capicchioni appeared in two preseason and one regular season games to become the only woman to make an appearance in

880-657: A one-goal game. After the season, the league announced that the champion Saints would relocate to the Nassau Coliseum on Long Island and be called the New York Saints beginning in the 1989 season. Moreover, the league itself would be changing its name, adopting the more conventional Major Indoor Lacrosse League (MILL) name, as the spiritual implications of its original name proved too cryptic for most people to understand. The MILL announced that it awarded expansion teams to Detroit and Boston, to begin play in

968-418: A player makes contact with the opposition player in order to slow him down), and stick checking (where a player makes contact with the opposition player's stick in order to knock the ball loose). A transition player is a player whose responsibility is primarily to play during defensive situations with an offensive mindset. The goal of this player is to create fast breaks and scoring opportunities. An attack

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1056-636: A postseason that saw all four teams qualify for a single knockout tournament, which ended with the Baltimore Thunder being crowned as the EPBLL's first champion. Coached by Bob Griebe, the Baltimore Thunder defeated the Washington Wave by a score of 11–10 to capture the league's first championship. The league announced that a total of 124,536 fans attended Eagle Pro Box Lacrosse League games in its first season. The same four teams played in

1144-703: A team, Detroit set records for goals scored with 184, assists with 227, and total points with 411. The Turbos went on to defeat the Thunder 14–12 to claim their first championship. The championship game was attended by 10,814 at the Baltimore Arena. Final league attendance numbers for the 1991 season reached 287,654. On 20 April 1991, the National Division All-Stars defeated the American Division All-Stars, 25–20, in

1232-405: A third penalty resulting in a "three man down" situation a penalty shot is awarded in favour of having the offending player serve in the penalty box. A penalty shot may also be awarded, at the referee's discretion, if a defensive player causes a foul to prevent a goal (by throwing his stick, holding, tripping, or by deliberately displacing the goal, or a defensive player intentionally falls and covers

1320-528: Is a modern version of the game that was invented in Canada during the 1920s and 1930s. The roots of indoor lacrosse are obscure, but its invention has been attributed to one Paddy Brennan, a field lacrosse player and referee from Montreal , who, being annoyed by the constant slowing of play from balls going out of bounds in the field game, experimented with indoor games at the Mount Royal Arena during

1408-411: Is a player position on the field whose responsibility is primarily offensive. Typically, an Attack is dominant throwing with one hand or the other, and will primarily play on that side of the floor. Some players, known as creasemen, do not focus on one side or the other. These players instead focus their offensive attention near the crease area in front of the goaltender. The playing area of box lacrosse

1496-403: Is a player position whose primary responsibility is to prevent the opposing team from scoring. Unlike in field lacrosse where some defensive players carry longer sticks, all box lacrosse defenders play with a maximum 46 inches (1.2 m) long stick. Defensive tactics include cross checking (where a player uses the shaft of his stick to push the opposition player off balance), body checking (where

1584-549: Is different from Wikidata Articles lacking sources from December 2009 All articles lacking sources Box lacrosse Box lacrosse , also known as boxla , box , or indoor lacrosse , is an indoor version of lacrosse played mostly in North America. The game originated in the 1930s in Canada , where it is more popular than field lacrosse . Lacrosse is Canada's official national summer sport. Box lacrosse

1672-442: Is done by the two players pushing the heads of their sticks together with the game ball in the middle. A scrum-like match usually happens when the players on either team try and win the ball. If a game is tied after regulation, the two teams play sudden death overtime . Each team may take a 45-second timeout per half. Each team dresses 19 players: 2 goaltenders and 17 "runners". NLL goals are 4'9" wide and 4' tall. The NLL uses

1760-406: Is played between two teams of five players and one goalie each, and is traditionally played on an ice hockey rink once the ice has been removed or covered. The playing area is called a box, in contrast to the open playing field of field lacrosse. The object of the game is to use a lacrosse stick to catch, carry, and pass the ball in an effort to score by shooting a solid rubber lacrosse ball into

1848-457: Is restarted with a face-off . If a ball travels over the boards and outside of the playing area, play is restarted by possession being awarded to the opposing team to that which last touched the ball. During play, teams may substitute players in and out freely. Sometimes this is referred to as "on the fly" substitution. Substitution must occur within the designated exchange area in front of the players bench in order to be legal. The sport utilizes

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1936-857: Is the most popular version of the sport in the Czech Republic . It is also played to a marginal degree in Australia , primarily by players who have played field lacrosse . Club level box lacrosse leagues in the United States have increased the number of players exposed to the sport, including the: Baltimore Indoor Lacrosse League, the Philadelphia Box Lacrosse Association, and the Metro Area Box Lacrosse League. The first world championship of box lacrosse, "The Nations in 1980",

2024-422: Is to prevent the opposition from scoring goals by directly defending the net. Box lacrosse goaltenders equipment includes upper body gear (measuring no more than 3 inches (7.6 cm) up and 5 inches (13 cm) out off the shoulder—much larger than similar gear for field lacrosse or ice hockey goaltenders), large shin guards that must measure no more than 11 inches (28 cm) at the knee, 9 inches (23 cm) at

2112-412: Is typically an ice hockey rink during the summer months. The playing surface is usually the concrete floor underneath the melted ice. Generally the playing area is 180 feet (55 m) to 200 feet (61 m) in length and 80 feet (24 m) to 90 feet (27 m) in width. The NLL plays on artificial turf placed on top of the ice. Some leagues, and teams that have dedicated box lacrosse arenas (such as

2200-502: The 2024 season , the playoffs feature the top 8 teams in the standings. The first round is single-elimination, and the Conference Finals and Championship rounds are best-of-three. The NLL adopted a soft salary cap of US$ 400,000 per team for the 2013 season. The average base salary as of the 2013 season was $ 19,135. The maximum salary for a franchise player is approximately $ 34,000. Most NLL players have full-time jobs off

2288-725: The Charlotte Cobras , who would play out of Charlotte, North Carolina. For 1996, the league schedule expanded to 10 games. A crowd of 16,818, the fourth largest in league history, watched the Wings defeat the Charlotte Cobras at CoreStates Spectrum in Philadelphia. The Cobras went on to post the first winless season in league history, and subsequently folded after only one year of play. The Wings advanced to their fifth consecutive league championship game by defeating

2376-593: The Mann Cup , the most prestigious lacrosse trophy in Canada, was contended for under box lacrosse rules for the first time. Previously, the national senior men's lacrosse championship, awarded since 1901, was competed for under field lacrosse rules. The Mann Cup is an annual tournament that presents the champion of the Western Lacrosse Association and Major Series Lacrosse in a best of seven national championship. A few years later, in 1937,

2464-1067: The Minto Cup , began being awarded under box lacrosse rules to the junior men's champions. Currently the Canadian Lacrosse Association oversees the Mann Cup, the Minto Cup, the Presidents Cup (Senior B national championship) the Founders Cup (Junior B national championship) all under box lacrosse rules. Briefly in 1939, a professional box lacrosse league started up in California, called the Pacific Coast Lacrosse Association . This four team league also folded shortly after opening. Professional box lacrosse did not return to

2552-544: The New York Saints 11–10. After the championship game, the league announced expansion into Pittsburgh, with a team called the Pittsburgh Bulls . The new team effectively replaced the Washington Wave, who closed operations after three seasons. In 1990, each of the six teams played an eight-game schedule. Near of the end of the season, the New York Saints defeated the Philadelphia Wings 8–5 before

2640-641: The Philadelphia Wings , New Jersey Saints , Washington Wave , and Baltimore Thunder , and unlike box lacrosse generally, was played during the winter. The league rebranded itself as the Major Indoor Lacrosse League (MILL) immediately after its inaugural season, and in 1998 renamed itself again, this time to the NLL. In 1998, the NLL entered into the Canadian market for the first time with the Ontario Raiders . Although five of

2728-864: The World Indoor Lacrosse Championships held. Canada has yet to lose an international game in box lacrosse. Other international tournaments have been played. Annually, the European Lacrosse Federation holds the Aleš Hřebeský Memorial tournament in Prague . This is the largest European box lacrosse tournament. In 2002 and 2004, the Heritage Cup was played between the United States and Canada featuring mostly players that were members of NLL teams. Historically, box lacrosse has been exclusively

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2816-601: The second season of the EPBLL. The teams expanded to an eight-game schedule, and set up a three-team playoff with the regular season winner claiming a bye to the title game. The New Jersey Saints became the second league champions by defeating the Washington Wave 17–16 before 8,125 fans at the Capital Centre . For the Wave, it was the second time in as many years they reached the championship game, only to lose

2904-640: The 1975 season, Rochester moved to Boston, Syracuse moved to Quebec City, and Toronto moved to Long Island. Thus, by its second year, the original NLL was playing in all major league arenas: the Colisée de Québec , the Montreal Forum , the Boston Garden , Nassau Coliseum , the Spectrum , and the Capital Centre . When the two wealthier '75 NLL franchises, Philadelphia and Maryland, finished out of

2992-754: The 1989 season. The Detroit team was named the Turbos , and played at Joe Louis Arena ; the Boston entry was called the New England Blazers and they played their home games at the Worcester Centrum . Each of the six teams played an eight-game schedule in 1989, with an even four home and road games. In its first ever regular season game, 12,171 fans watched the expansion Turbos defeat the Washington Wave 11–9 in Detroit to start 1989 season. As

3080-602: The Americas represented themselves in an athletic world championship competition. The second international box lacrosse tournament was held in 2003 , with the inaugural World Indoor Lacrosse Championships . The competitors were national teams from Australia , Canada, the Czech Republic , the Iroquois Nationals, Scotland , and the United States. The 2015 WILC was hosted by the Onondaga Nation in

3168-758: The Bandits' new home, the Marine Midland Arena , in front of a new league record crowd of 18,595 fans. The Rochester Knighthawks, coached by Barry Powless, claimed their first MILL championship in front of the second largest crowd in MILL history, 18,055, also played at the Marine Midland Arena, defeating the Bandits 15–12. In 1997, the Major Indoor Lacrosse League was renamed the National Lacrosse League, and announced that

3256-676: The Boston Blazers 10–8 in the final MILL game to be played in their historic home arena. However, the Buffalo Bandits played spoiler to the Wings and denied them a third consecutive title, defeating Philadelphia 15–10 in the championship game in front of a sold-out Memorial Auditorium in Buffalo. The Bandits picked up their third championship, and said goodbye to their own arena at the end of the season. The 11th season opened with three games, including Rochester playing Buffalo at

3344-474: The Detroit Turbos against the Baltimore Thunder. The Philadelphia Wings denied the Buffalo Bandits a third consecutive championship by defeating the Bandits 26–15 in front of a sellout crowd of 16,284 at Memorial Auditorium. The win gave the Wings its third league championship, the most of any team. ESPN broadcast the game live from Buffalo, marking the first live telecast by ESPN of a league game. After

3432-543: The Iroquois), have outfitted their playing surface with artificial turf similar to the NLL. Box lacrosse goal dimensions are traditionally 4 feet (1.2 m) wide by 4 feet (1.2 m) tall. In the NLL, the dimensions are slightly larger at 4 feet 9 inches (1.45 m) wide by 4 feet (1.2 m) tall. These nets are significantly smaller than field lacrosse nets which measure 6 feet (1.8 m) wide by 6 feet (1.8 m) tall. A traditional game played under

3520-545: The NLL plays eighteen games during the regular season, nine each at home and away. The league has one standings table for its 14 teams. NLL games are typically played on Fridays, Saturdays, and Sundays while some weekends see teams play twice. The regular season begins in December and ends in April. Starting in 2018, the league announced that the playoffs would be expanded to eight teams to accommodate expansion. Beginning with

3608-479: The NLL, the five "runners" wear helmets specifically designed for box lacrosse. These helmets consist of a hockey helmet with a box lacrosse face mask attached instead of a hockey cage. During a typical game the number of officials can range from one to three, depending on the league and level of play. In most games there are at least two referees: a lead official and a trail official. In NLL games there are three officials per game. The goaltender's responsibility

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3696-478: The NLL. Women's Box Lacrosse (News and Articles) National Lacrosse League The NLL currently has fourteen teams: eight in the United States and six in Canada. The NLL ranks third in average attendance for pro indoor sports worldwide, behind only the NHL and NBA . Unlike other box lacrosse leagues, which play in the summer, the NLL plays its games in the winter and spring, from December to June. Each year,

3784-3302: The Ohio Lore Marathon Mylan Classic Regatta WPHL Baseball Pirates Wild Things Panthers Dukes Basketball Yellow Jackets Panthers (m) Panthers (w) Dukes (m) Dukes (w) Colonials (m) Colonials (w) Football Steelers Panthers Maulers Steeler Nation heritage Colts Force Passion Renegades Hockey Penguins Colonials (m) Colonials (w) Three Rivers Classic Soccer Riverhounds SC Riveters SC Other Sledgehammers Bulls Harlequins PCC Thunderbirds Triangles Wallabies Studio Wrestling Dirty Dozen Venues PPG Paints Arena Acrisure Stadium PNC Park Clearview Arena Fitzgerald Field House Highmark Stadium Joe Walton Stadium Petersen Events Center Petersen Sports Complex Rooney Field Trees Hall UPMC Cooper Fieldhouse UPMC Events Center Historical Baseball Chronicle-Telegraph Cup Allegheny Burghers Champions Crawfords Filipinos Grays Hardhats Keystones Stogies Rebels Basketball Roundball Classic Condors Ironmen Loendi Monticello Phantoms Pipers Piranhas Pirates Rens Xplosion Football 1898 All-Stars Allegheny Americans Duquesne C&AC Gladiators Homestead Lyceum Maulers PAC Power Odds Olympics Quakers JP Stars Early Pro Football Circuit Hockey Bankers Cougars Duquesne AC Duquesne C&AC Ft. Pitt Hornets Keystones Lyceum PAC Phantoms Pirates Pirates (WPHL) Pros Shamrocks Victorias Winter Garden Yellow Jackets Soccer Beadling Cannons Hurricanes Phantoms Spirit Venues Central Park Civic Arena Duquesne Gardens Exposition Park Forbes Field Josh Gibson Field Greenlee Field Motor Square Garden Pitt Stadium Recreation Park Schenley Gardens Sewall Center Three Rivers Winter Garden Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pittsburgh_Bulls&oldid=1190280991 " Categories : Defunct sports clubs and teams in Pittsburgh Lacrosse clubs established in 1990 Lacrosse clubs disestablished in 1993 Lacrosse teams in Pennsylvania 1990 establishments in Pennsylvania 1993 disestablishments in Pennsylvania Defunct National Lacrosse League teams Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description

3872-587: The Philadelphia Wings 20–11 in their first ever sellout of 16,325 at Memorial Auditorium. It marked the second sellout in league history. The Bandits also defeated the Baltimore Thunder in front of a second sellout crowd, marking the first time a team sold out two games in the same season. The Bandits advanced to the league championship game by defeating the Detroit Turbos 19–16 to win the National Division crown. The Philadelphia Wings defeated

3960-460: The Plaza (Wattle Path Palais) ballroom at St Kilda on 1 July 1931. After a lightning six-a-side (outdoor) tournament format was successfully carried out a few weeks prior, it was decided to play six-a-side for this exhibition game between MCC and a composite team from other clubs, with players wearing rubber shoes and using a softer ball for the match. Newspaper articles at the time suggest that

4048-593: The Raiders moved to Toronto and were renamed the Toronto Rock . The Rock finished the season with a perfect home record, going a combined 8–0 (regular season and playoffs) after a 13–10 win over the Rochester Knighthawks in the championship game before a sellout crowd of 15,691 at Maple Leaf Gardens. The game was televised throughout Canada by CTV SportsNet, and in the United States on ESPN2. After

4136-563: The Saints 8–6 to capture the American Division Championship. Buffalo defeated Philadelphia 11–10 in overtime, marking the first time an expansion team won the league title. Buffalo won their second consecutive championship with a 13–12 comeback victory over the Philadelphia Wings before 16,325 in the sold-out Memorial Auditorium. The Bandits kept their 18-game winning streak alive, the longest in professional sports at

4224-543: The U.S. Beginning with the 2024 NLL season , the league eliminated its East and West Conferences that existed during the 2023 NLL season and all teams play in a single division with every team playing every other team at least once. Beginning in the 2025 Season, the New York Riptide will relocate to Ottawa, Canada, and rename themselves to the Ottawa Black Bears . An asterisk (*) denotes

4312-639: The United States again until 1968 when the Portland Adanacs and Detroit Olympics franchises played in the National Lacrosse Association , a circuit that folded after one summer season. A new professional indoor lacrosse league was created in the 1970s with the formation of the original National Lacrosse League . This league opened in 1974 with teams in Montreal, Toronto, Rochester, Syracuse, Philadelphia, and Maryland. For

4400-418: The United States which marks the first time an international sporting event has been held on indigenous land. Thirteen teams competed in the championship: Australia, Canada, Czech Republic, England, Finland, Germany, Iroquois Nationals, Ireland, Israel, Serbia, Switzerland, Turkey, and the United States. Canada, Iroquois Nationals and the United States have won gold, silver, and bronze respectively in each of

4488-470: The Wings defeat the Baltimore Thunder in the regular season finale. The 1995 season marked the first time that Paul and Gary Gait played on different teams, with the former playing for Rochester and the latter for Philadelphia. The Philadelphia Wings won a second-consecutive and fourth overall championship by defeating the Knighthawks 15–14 in overtime. After the season the league another expansion team,

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4576-410: The early 1920s. Joseph Cattarinich and Leo Dandurand , owners of the National Hockey League 's Montreal Canadiens in the 1920s, led the participating ice hockey arena owners to introduce the new sport. In the 1930s, 6 v 6 indoor lacrosse came to be played in the summer in unused hockey rinks. Canadians adopted the new version of the sport quickly. Eventually, it became the more popular version of

4664-548: The field when the ball moves from one end to the other. When the sport originated teams played with six runners. However, in 1953 the sixth runner, a position called rover, was eliminated. The goalkeeper can be replaced by another runner, often when a delayed penalty has been called on the other team or at the end of games by teams that are behind to help score goals. A player's lacrosse stick must be between 40 inches (1.0 m) and 46 inches (1.2 m) in length (youth levels may use shorter sticks). In most box lacrosse leagues,

4752-444: The first sellout and the largest crowd in league history: 17,177 at the Spectrum in Philadelphia . The Saints' victory forced a playoff rematch the following week. However, the Wings won that game and later went on to become the first team to win a second league championship, defeating the New England Blazers 17–7 in front of 11,479 fans for their second consecutive title. The league announced that attendance for 26 total games during

4840-403: The floor, such as Buffalo's John Tavares , a high school teacher in Mississauga , Ontario . As of 2018, the NLL salary cap was $ 415,000, with Buffalo Business First reporter Paul Lane citing the following pay scale: Although eight of the fourteen teams are based in the U.S., less than 7% of players are American. Approximately 83% are Canadian and 10% are Haudenosaunee , from either Canada or

4928-410: The franchise moved to its present location and has been in one or more previous locations in its history (see franchise timeline below or team pages for relocation history). The following lists franchises that are no longer active in the NLL. The rebirth of major professional box lacrosse in the United States came on March 13, 1986, with the formation of the Eagle Pro Box Lacrosse League (EPBLL), which

5016-422: The game 14–8 in front of a new record NLL crowd. The Toronto Rock won their second consecutive championship when Kaleb Toth beat Knighthawks goaltender Pat O'Toole with 1.1 seconds remaining in regulation time of the title match to give the Rock a 14–13 victory. Considered to be among the best lacrosse games ever played, the 2000 Final was the last sporting event to be held in the historic Maple Leaf Gardens. After

5104-446: The inaugural League All-Star Game at the Spectrum in Philadelphia. After the season, the league announced that Buffalo had been awarded an expansion team for the 1992 season. The team was named the Bandits . The league reverted to an eight-game schedule for the 1992 season, with four home games and four road games. The Blazers moved from Worcester to Boston and were rebranded as the Boston Blazers. The expansion Buffalo Bandits defeated

5192-475: The league from nine to thirteen teams, more than three times the number of teams that played the inaugural season in 1987. The expansion teams were the Montreal Express , the New Jersey Storm , the Calgary Roughnecks , and the Vancouver Ravens . With thirteen teams, the league established a divisional format with Eastern, Central, and Northern divisions. The Vancouver Ravens played their inaugural home game at General Motors Place in Vancouver. The Ravens defeated

5280-407: The league's largest crowd in history, the Philadelphia Wings won their sixth league championship with a 9–8 win over the Toronto Rock at the Air Canada Centre in front of 19,409 fans. Wings goaltender Dallas Eliuk was named Most Valuable Player. The league announced a major expansion after the season, awarding new franchises to Montreal, New Jersey, Calgary, and Vancouver for the 2002. This would take

5368-560: The league's nine teams are based in American cities, more than two-thirds of the players are Canadian. On June 29, 2022, a group of Lacrosse fans announced a new league the Professional Box Lacrosse Association . The league spokesperson identified nine teams which will be in cities in the United States. During play, a team consists of six players: a goaltender and five "runners". A runner is any non-goalkeeper position player, including forwards, transition players, and defenders. Runners usually specialize in one of these roles and substitute off

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5456-402: The league, which had four teams based in Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington, D.C., and East Rutherford, New Jersey. The EPBLL opened play for the 1987 season with two games on 10 January 1987: the Philadelphia Wings at the New Jersey Saints (Philadelphia defeated New Jersey 11–8) and the Baltimore Thunder at the Washington Wave . The four teams contested a six-game regular season before

5544-403: The misconduct (a "two-and-ten" or "five-and-ten"). In that case, the team designates another player to serve the minor or major; both players go to the penalty box, but only the designee may not be replaced, and he is released upon the expiration of the two or five minutes. In addition, game misconducts are assessed for deliberate intent to inflict severe injury on an opponent. A player who receives

5632-687: The new version of the sport with negativity. The first professional box lacrosse games were held in 1931. That summer, the arena owners formed the International Lacrosse League , featuring four teams: the Montreal Canadiens, Montreal Maroons, Toronto Maple Leafs, and Cornwall Colts. The league lasted only two seasons. In the wake of the original International Lacrosse League opened the American Box Lacrosse League featuring six teams: two in New York City, and one each in Brooklyn, Toronto, Boston, and Baltimore. The league played to small crowds on outdoor fields such as Yankee Stadium and Fenway Park , before closing midway through its inaugural season. Lacrosse

5720-427: The opponent's goal. The highest level of box lacrosse is the National Lacrosse League . While there are 62 total members of World Lacrosse , only fifteen have competed in international box lacrosse competition. Only Canada , the Haudenosaunee Nationals and the United States have finished in the top three places at the World Indoor Lacrosse Championships . Lacrosse is a traditional indigenous people 's game and

5808-409: The penalty box when either the penalty time expires, or the opposition scores a goal (or three goals for the instance of a major penalty). At the officials' discretion a ten-minute misconduct penalty may be assessed. These are served in full by the penalized player, but his team may immediately substitute another player on the playing area unless a minor or major penalty is assessed in conjunction with

5896-405: The playoff teams battle for the National Lacrosse League Cup . The NLL has averaged between 8,900 and 10,700 spectators per game each year since 2004. The NLL plays four 15-minute quarters with 2-minute breaks between quarters and a 15-minute half-time . At the start of the each quarter and after every goal, players "face-off" at the center of the field to determine who will get possession. This

5984-449: The playoffs, and with Montreal losing access to the fabled Montreal Forum in the upcoming season due to the 1976 Montreal Olympic Games, the league folded after two seasons due to financial uncertainty. The rebirth of professional box lacrosse in the United States came on March 13, 1986, with the formation of the Eagle Pro Box Lacrosse League, which was incorporated by Russ Cline and Chris Fritz . The league originated with four teams:

6072-425: The regular season. In addition, the playoff format saw a best-of-three championship series with semifinal playoff action still taking place in a single-game elimination format, though sites of all post-season games were based on regular season record. A blockbuster trade saw seven-time All-Pro Paul Gait go to the expansion Syracuse Smash in exchange for draft picks and player compensation. Reigning league MVP Gary Gait

6160-454: The road. In the first game of the regular season, the debut of Detroit rookie twin brothers Paul and Gary Gait was successful, as they paced the Turbos to a 20–16 victory over the Baltimore Thunder. 1991 was a record-breaking year, especially in Detroit. The Gaits set new standards in most offensive categories. Paul scored a record 47 goals, while Gary was second in the league with 32. Gary established new records with 36 assists and 68 points. As

6248-444: The rules of the Canadian Lacrosse Association consists of three periods of 20 minutes each (similar to ice hockey), with the teams changing ends each period. The NLL plays four 15-minute quarters rather than three periods. If the game is tied at the end of regulation play, a 5-minute overtime (15 in NLL) can be played. Overtime may or may not be sudden victory , depending on the league. Each period, and after each goal scored, play

6336-648: The schedule would be expanded from 10 to 12 games. In addition, the league welcomed two new expansion teams, the Syracuse Smash , based in Syracuse, New York, and the Ontario Raiders , based in Hamilton, Ontario, while the Boston Blazers folded after nine seasons. John Livsey Jr. was named as the first Commissioner of the NLL. The 1998 regular season schedule included six home and six road games for each team, with each team facing their six opponents twice during

6424-600: The season was 287,585, increasing the average attendance per game to 11,060. After the season, the MILL announced the signing of twin brothers Paul Gait and Gary Gait , 3-time All-Americans at Syracuse , to the Detroit Turbos after being drafted. The two brothers had won national championships with the Syracuse Orange in 1988, 1989, and 1990. In 1991, the season schedule increased from 8 to 10 games, with each team playing five games at home and five games on

6512-461: The season went on, regular season attendance figures for the league totaled at 230,724 for 24 regular season games, which made an average of 9,614 people in the stands per game. When adding the postseason, the numbers grew to 255,088 total and an average of 9,811 a game. The Philadelphia Wings captured the league championship in front of a record postseason crowd of 16,042 at the Spectrum, defeating

6600-598: The season, it was announced that the charter franchise Baltimore Thunder would move to Pittsburgh and become the Pittsburgh CrosseFire . In addition, the Albany Attack , based in Albany, New York, joined the NLL as an expansion team, bringing the league to eight teams ahead of the 2000 season for the first time. 18,911 fans watched the Philadelphia Wings battle the Pittsburgh CrosseFire. Pittsburgh won

6688-705: The season, the league announced that Rochester, New York , would be awarded an expansion team for the 1995 season, the Rochester Knighthawks . The team would effectively replace the Turbos, who folded after their sixth season, keeping the league at six teams. The expansion Rochester Knighthawks won their inaugural game 12–8 against the New York Saints at the War Memorial. Philadelphia broke the league's attendance record when 17,380 fans watched

6776-810: The season, the league expanded again, with former Commissioner John Livsey leading the establishment of the Columbus Landsharks in Columbus, Ohio. In addition, the Smash relocated north of the border and became the Ottawa Rebel , after three straight last place finishes, while the CrosseFire moved to Washington, D.C., and became the Washington Power . Jim Jennings was named the new Commissioner and announced that league headquarters would be relocated from Buffalo to Lyndhurst, New Jersey. In front of

6864-510: The sport in Canada, supplanting field lacrosse. The form was also adopted as the primary version of the game played on Native American reservations in the US and Canada by Iroquois and other Native peoples. It is the only sport in which the American indigenous people are sanctioned to compete internationally, participating as the Iroquois Nationals. However, many field lacrosse enthusiasts viewed

6952-682: The sport may have even been created in Australia, with P. J. Lally of the famous Canadian lacrosse stick manufacturing company requesting a copy of the rules of the game from the VLA Secretary. By 1933, box lacrosse matches were being played in Adelaide , Brisbane , and Perth . This new version of the game however did not overtake the traditional version of lacrosse in popularity in Australia as happened in Canada. The Canadian Lacrosse Association began sponsoring box lacrosse. In 1932,

7040-501: The time-clock, or a possible two-minute penalty depending on the infraction. Opposing players may not make contact with the goaltender while he is in the crease. Once he leaves the crease, however, he loses all goaltender privileges. Even as box lacrosse grows in the United States, the American goalkeeper is a rarity. The skills required to be a successful field lacrosse goaltender and a successful box lacrosse goaltender are very different and do not lend well to one another. A defender

7128-574: The time. Buffalo joined the Wings as the only team in league history to win back-to-back championships. Business-wise, the League and the Players Association announced a three-year contract agreement and the league signed a six-year agreement with ESPN . The Pittsburgh Bulls folded after their fourth season, having never made the playoffs, bringing the league back to six teams going into 1994. ESPN2 's first Monday night broadcast featured

7216-402: The top of the shin and 7 inches (18 cm) at the ankle, and a field lacrosse helmet or ice hockey goalie mask. The 9 feet (2.7 m) to 9 feet 3 inches (2.82 m) radius area surrounding the net is called the "crease". Players except for the goaltender may not enter the crease while playing the ball. Punishments for crease infractions include a change of possession, resetting of

7304-504: The use of a traditional wooden stick is allowed. However, almost no lacrosse players use wooden sticks any more, preferring aluminum or another metal, and a plastic head. In the NLL, wooden lacrosse sticks are not allowed. Besides a lacrosse stick, each player must also wear a certain amount of protective equipment, including a lacrosse helmet with face mask, lacrosse gloves , arm and shoulder pads, and back/kidney pads. Rib pads are optional in some leagues. In some box leagues, especially

7392-473: Was first encountered by Europeans when French Jesuit missionaries in the St. Lawrence Valley witnessed the game in the 1630s. Lacrosse for centuries was seen as a key element of cultural identity and spiritual healing to the people of Turtle Island . It originated as a field game and was adopted first by Canadian, American, and English athletes as a field game, eventually settling on a 10 v 10 format. Box lacrosse

7480-414: Was incorporated by Russ Cline and Chris Fritz . The "Eagle League" moniker was inspired by a meeting with Iroquois leaders, whose culture views the animal as a tutelary spirit . Previously, in 1985, box lacrosse sponsored an event played at the Spectrum in Philadelphia. The USA/Canada Superseries was an eight-game series seen as a precursor to the new league. Darrell Russell was named Commissioner of

7568-558: Was officially declared Canada's National Summer Sport with the passage of the National Sports Act (Bill C-212) on May 12, 1994. The first box lacrosse match conducted in Australia came about as part of a fund raising appeal for the Queen Victoria Hospital, Melbourne . The Victorian Lacrosse Association was approached by the appeal committee to stage a lacrosse match as part of a multi sport carnival at

7656-400: Was sent to Baltimore in a blockbuster trade involving player and cash compensation. The Philadelphia Wings swept the best-of-three Championship Series with 16–12 and 17–12 victories. The second game marked the first title game appearance by Baltimore since 1991, and the win was Philadelphia's fifth in franchise history. Wings goaltender Dallas Eliuk was named Championship Series MVP. In 1999,

7744-701: Was staged in several arenas in British Columbia , Canada in July 1980 involving teams representing the United States, Australia, Canada East, Canada West and the Iroquois Nationals. Canada West (Coquitlam Adanacs) defeated the Iroquois in the nationally televised world championship game from Pacific Coliseum in Vancouver . This was the first time in history that competitors from the Indigenous peoples of

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