/ Highway 407
64-768: Pickering ( 2021 population 99,186) is a city located in Southern Ontario , Canada, immediately east of Toronto in Durham Region . Beginning in the 1770s, the area was settled by primarily British colonists. An increase in population occurred after the American Revolutionary War , when the Crown resettled Loyalists and encouraged new immigration. Many of the smaller rural communities have been preserved and function as provincially significant historic sites and museums. The city also includes
128-519: A number of complementary courses and classes. At the time of its opening, it was the only public post-secondary institution in the Province of Ontario with a direct connection to public transit. 2021 Canadian census The 2021 Canadian census was a detailed enumeration of the Canadian population with a reference date of May 11, 2021. It follows the 2016 Canadian census , which recorded
192-583: A number of smaller communities exist throughout northern Pickering, such as Greenwood . John Diefenbaker , a Prime Minister of Canada, lived in Greenwood for a number of years. The abandoned ghost town of Altona is located there. Cherrywood, another hamlet in Pickering, is one of the few areas that are protected within the Greenbelt . The communities of Kinsale in the northeast and Green River on
256-405: A population of 35,151,728. The overall response rate was 98%, which is slightly lower than the response rate for the 2016 census. It recorded a population of 36,991,981, a 5.2% increase from 2016. It will be succeeded by Canada's 2026 census . Consultation on census program content was from September 11 to December 8, 2017. The census was conducted by Statistics Canada , and was contactless as
320-516: A population of 35,151,728. Three provinces' and one territory's population grew faster than Canada's overall population increase: Yukon – a 12.1 per cent increase, Prince Edward Island – an 8 per cent increase, British Columbia – a 7.6 per cent increase, and Ontario – a 5.8 per cent increase. The rapid growth in Yukon is largely credited to immigration and migration from within Canada. At the other end of
384-449: A result of construction of mill dams and clearing of forests for farming. The dams also cut off the salmon from their spawning grounds. Pickering Village , a settlement initially known as "Duffins Creek", developed along the stream, in what is now Ajax. The first mill in the new settlement was established in 1810 by Timothy Rogers on the banks of Duffins Creek. At the time of Rogers's arrival, thousands of salmon from Lake Ontario came to
448-609: A result of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada . The agency had considered delaying the census until 2022. About 900 supervisors and 31,000 field enumerators were hired to conduct the door-to-door survey of individuals and households who had not completed the census questionnaire by late May or early June. Canvassing agents wore masks and maintained a physical distance to comply with COVID-19 safety regulations. In early May 2021, Statistics Canada began sending mailings to households throughout Canada containing instructions for completing
512-792: A separate municipality. Several sawmills , gristmills , taverns, and other businesses operated in the area. During the War of 1812 , the maintenance of the Kingston Road improved because of the increased military traffic and further contributed to the development of the area. In the 19th century, several other small communities developed in the Duffins Creek watershed , within the Pickering Township. These included Whitevale , Brougham , Green River , Claremont , Altona , Greenwood , and Balsam. A few communities also developed in
576-804: Is a founding member of the Durham Strategic Energy Alliance or DSEA. The nucleus of the DSEA is primarily Pickering businesses, such as Ontario Power Generation, Veridian, Siemens/Trench, Tetra Tech WEI, AECL, Intellimeter, Areva and Eco-Tec Inc. Other notable organizations with headquarters in Pickering include: Municipal Property Assessment Corporation . MPAC performs value assessment for property tax purposes for all municipalities in Ontario. In 2012 Search Engine People, Canada's largest Internet-marketing company, moved to Pickering's downtown. The International Institute of Business Analysis
640-646: Is a waterway in the eastern end of the Greater Toronto Area in Ontario , Canada. The watershed of the Duffins Creek is part of the Durham Region ( Uxbridge , Pickering and Ajax ) and the York Region ( Markham and Whitchurch-Stouffville ). Augustus Jones , who surveyed the area for the Government of Upper Canada in 1791, states that the native ( Mississauga Anishinaabek ) name for
704-631: Is also a private elementary and junior high school there called Montessori Learning Centre. Also serving the Durham Region is Durham Secondary Academy and Middle School, an inspected private high school and middle school for grades 5 to 12. In September 2012, the Durham College/Centennial College Joint Learning Site opened at the north terminus of the pedestrian bridge. The Joint Learning Site offers primarily graduate certificate programs, with
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#1732779886433768-461: Is also headquartered in Pickering. In 2006, Profit magazine recognized Pickering as one of the top 10 cities in Canada for growing a business. In 2013, the Region of Durham released its Business Count (Employment Survey), which indicated that Pickering has the most jobs amongst Durham Region municipalities, with 29,000+ positions. This figure represents a near 1/3 ratio of jobs to residents. With
832-500: Is divided into following neighbourhoods: In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , Pickering had a population of 99,186 living in 33,425 of its 34,327 total private dwellings, a change of 8.1% from its 2016 population of 91,771 . With a land area of 231.1 km (89.2 sq mi), it had a population density of 429.2/km (1,111.6/sq mi) in 2021. The city has estimated that by 2031, Pickering will be home to 131,608 residents. In 2021, 16.5% of
896-409: Is now cut off from the lake by a waste water treatment plant. The northern part of the municipality is mainly rural , primarily used for agricultural purposes. However, a number of residential developments are found in this area, and the locally controversial Seaton area also falls within this part of the city. The primary rural communities in Pickering are Claremont , Brougham , and Whitevale ;
960-635: Is served by the Durham District School Board , the Durham Catholic District School Board , the Conseil scolaire Viamonde and the Conseil scolaire de district catholique Centre-Sud . As of early 2007, the public board operates 17 elementary schools and two secondary schools, Dunbarton High School and Pine Ridge Secondary School ( Pickering High School was previously located in Pickering, but
1024-525: The Archaic period (7000 BCE-1000 BCE). Detailed excavations have not been carried out at these sites, so little information is available about the pre-historic residents of the area. Several sites dated to the early and middle Woodland period (1000 BCE-700 CE) exist along the Duffins Creek, but not much research has been done on them. The sites from the Late Woodland period (700-1651 CE) indicate
1088-650: The Oak Ridges Moraine area, within the boundaries of Uxbridge , Pickering , Markham , and Whitchurch-Stouffville . The mouth of the stream is located in Ajax . The Duffins Creek drains an area of 283 sq. km., much of which is owned by the government. The federal government owns around 75 sq. km., the provincial government of Ontario owns around 28 sq. km., and the Toronto and Region Conservation Authority (TRCA) owns around 23 sq. km. Although Duffins Creek
1152-646: The Pickering Village (now in Ajax ), possibly in the 1770s. The other candidate is Benjamin Wilson of Vermont , who probably lived in Pickering for sometime, before moving to Whitby in 1794. In the 1780s, the present-day Pickering area was a part of the Nassau District of the Province of Quebec . In 1791, Augustus Jones undertook a survey of the area, establishing the baseline and some of
1216-530: The United States (1.7%). The median total income of households in 2020 for Pickering was $ 118,000. As per the 2021 census, the most common ethnic or cultural origins in Pickering are English (14.0%), Irish (11.5%), Scottish (11.0%), Canadian (10.6%), Indian (9.6%), Italian (5.6%), German (5.0%), Jamaican (4.3%), Filipino (4.3%), Chinese (3.9%), British Isles (3.6%), Pakistani (3.5%), Sri Lankan (3.3%), and French (3.3%). Indigenous people made up 1.1% of
1280-469: The Wendat (Huron) from what is now southern Ontario . The Iroquois Seneca people established river-side villages in nearby areas, such as Ganatsekwyagon on Rouge and Teiaiagon on Humber . However, the Duffins Creek was not as attractive for building a settlement, because a sand bar at its mouth prevented boats from entering it. Moreover, it was navigable for canoes only for 6 km upstream. When
1344-466: The concessions . The same year, the District was transferred to the newly created province of Upper Canada . In 1792, the district was renamed Home District, and Pickering was established as a township . The township was originally called "Edinburgh" but in 1792 was renamed after Pickering, North Yorkshire . Pickering Village, now part of Ajax, emerged as the major population and commercial centre of
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#17327798864331408-454: The 14 lanes of highway 401 was a recent development that has contributed to Pickering's push for more density downtown. The project Durham Live in south Pickering received approval for construction in 2017. It will include a water park, film studio, five star hotel, performing arts theater and possibly a casino. The city council consists of a mayor, three regional councillors, and three city councillors. The mayor and regional councillors sit on
1472-475: The 1980s, due to the quality of the historical buildings and untouched nature of the landscape. The television shows Hannibal (2013–2015) Suits (2011–2019), and American Gods (2017) have filmed extensively in Whitevale and in other locations in Pickering. Nautical Village is located at Frenchman's Bay and features entertainment, a playground, a boardwalk, restaurants, shops and an art gallery. The city
1536-483: The 2021 census are: Statistics Canada links income and related information obtained from the Canada Revenue Agency , and immigration status obtained from Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada , to the census responses. The 2021 Canadian census included new questions "critical to measuring equity, diversity and inclusivity". For the first time, questions were asked about commuting methods and
1600-432: The 21st century, but as of 2022, only 1,549 of the 20,989 planned units had been built. The city also considered the development of a new community called Veraine, to be built in northeastern Pickering. The city also saw a rise in the number of high-rise condos . The city covers an area of 231 square kilometres (89 sq mi) with an elevation of 89 metres (292 ft). Toronto, Markham , and Rouge Park border Pickering on
1664-650: The Bay Shores dial-a-bus, which began in 1970–1973. In 2001 Pickering Transit merged with former Ajax Transit to form the Ajax-Pickering Transit Authority (APTA). In 2006, the regional transit system Durham Region Transit took over operations in the Durham Regional Municipality . The Pickering GO station offers public rail transit on an east–west axis. In 2012, Pickering's landmark bridge opened – connecting
1728-526: The Duffins Creek watershed in the early 19th century: During 1825-1900, population of the Duffins Creek watershed increased substantially because of growth in farming and other businesses. After 1850s, several smaller communities declined as people migrated to larger centres located along the Grand Trunk Railway . Pickering Village and Stoufville, where several mills had earlier been established and which were now accessible by railway, emerged as
1792-596: The Duffins Creek watershed. Around Lake Ontario , the indigenous peoples have been commonly associated with the lake shore, which fluctuated because of the melting glaciers. At the end of the Last Glacial Period , the Duffins Creek met Lake Ontario at a point located 10-20 m below the present surface level. So, any evidence of indigenous activity at the mouth of the Duffins Creek would be under water now. Scattered remains of chert ( flint ) tools and flakes have been discovered at several inland sites dated to
1856-530: The Duffins Creek, but did not settle there. In the 1770s, Mike Duffin, an Irish fur trader, became the first person of European descent to settle in the Duffins Creek area. He built a cabin on the east side of the Creek, north of a trail that later became the Kingston Road . At the beginning of the 19th century, the Duffins Creek was navigable as far up as Kingston Road. Later, the water flow decreased as
1920-493: The Duffins Creek. By the time of his death in 1834, the salmon had practically disappeared from the stream. The growth of Pickering Township (which included Pickering Village) was slow compared to the other parts of Greater Toronto Area, because much of the land was held by absentee landlords (such as the Smith family ), or held as Crown and Clergy reserves . Apart from Pickering Village, several other communities developed in
1984-575: The Europeans arrived in present-day Ajax, at least one Ojibwe family resided in area, as attested by Arthur Field. This family lived at the east edge of the Duffins Creek marshes until the mid-19th century. Unlike the Rouge River watershed, where a well-established trail ran along the stream, the Duffins Creek watershed remained largely ignored by the early European visitors in the area. In 1670, French missionaries from Ganatsekwyagon reached
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2048-749: The Five Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy . The Onondaga (and other Iroquois) generally occupied territory to the south and west of Lakes Ontario and Erie in present-day New York that extended into Pennsylvania and the Ohio Valley, where they maintained hunting grounds. (The Seneca were located farther west, near Seneca Lake , among the Finger Lakes . Fenelon wintered at the village and started missionary work with this people.) The British took over Canada in 1763 following defeat of
2112-638: The French in the Seven Years' War , known in Colonial America as the French and Indian War . They likely completed survey of the township about 1776. British colonial settlers were steadily migrating into the area from eastern areas of Canada. There is some controversy over the identity of the earliest European settler in the area. One of the candidates is Mike Duffin, who settled in what later became
2176-551: The Pickering GO station to the city's downtown core. Durham Regional Roads serve the city, north and south. Highway 401 runs near the south end of Pickering and Highway 407 ETR runs through the mid-north of the city. Pickering Airport was a planned second major airport for the Greater Toronto Area. Lands were expropriated in north Pickering in 1972 but the plan was stopped. As of 2021 no firm plans for
2240-461: The Pickering Township in the early 19th century. The conversion of a local trail into the Kingston Road in 1799 contributed greatly to the increased settlement in the area. In 1807, Quakers led by Timothy Rogers settled in the area, and by 1809, the population of Pickering Township consisted of 180 people, most of whom lived along the Duffins Creek . In 1811, the Pickering Township became
2304-472: The Pickering Township was severed from the York County , and became a part of the newly established Ontario County . In the later decades of the 19th century, a fall in the demand for wheat led to economic decline in the primarily-agricultural township. The township lost over 40% of its population in the second half of the 19th century, and the decline continued in the first half of the 20th century. In
2368-696: The Township. On 1 January 1974, the Ontario County was dissolved, and the area became part of the Regional Municipality of Durham . The southeastern portion of the Pickering Township, including the Pickering Village and Pickering High School , became part of the independent town of Ajax . The rest of the township became the Town of Pickering, which in 2000, became the City of Pickering. In
2432-512: The York-Durham town line are other small communities in Pickering, with a population each of between 50 and 100 people. Most of these communities were founded in the 1700s and 1800s and have churches and historic estates that have been restored through government funding. Dixie is a small rural community situated in rural Pickering, with more contemporary buildings. The film industry has been very active in communities such as Whitevale , since
2496-560: The airport exist. Police services in Pickering are provided by the Durham Regional Police from a division office located in the eastern section of the city. Officers from this location also patrol Ajax. Pickering Fire Services operates from four stations with a force of all full-time firefighters. Claremont Fire Hall is now fully staffed by full-time firefighters 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Ambulance/emergency medical services are provided by Durham Region. Pickering
2560-423: The census counted transgender people and people of non-binary gender . Canada has been noted in this instance to be the first country to provide census data on transgender and non-binary people. The 2021 census recorded a total federal population of 36,991,981, living in 14,978,941 of its 16,284,235 private dwellings. With a land area of 8,788,702.80 km (3,393,337.12 sq mi), its population density
2624-783: The census questionnaire. The questionnaires could be completed by returning the paper questionnaire, or by phone or online by using an access code provided in the mailing. Statistics Canada expected about 80% of households to complete the questionnaire online. It was also available in large-print , braille , audio, and video formats. The questionnaire questions were available in a number of languages ( Arabic , simplified and traditional Chinese, Italian , Korean , Persian , Portuguese , Punjabi , Russian , Spanish , Urdu , and Vietnamese ) and indigenous languages ( Atikamekw , Denesuline , Nunavik and Nunavut Inuktitut , Mohawk , Montagnais , Naskapi , Northern Quebec Cree , Ojibwe , Oji-Cree , Plains Cree , Swampy Cree , and Tłı̨chǫ ), but
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2688-475: The council and also represent the city at Durham Regional Council. The city councillors sit on city council only. Pickering is divided into three wards of roughly equal population, with one city councillor and one regional councillor elected to represent each ward, in what are known as single-member districts . The current mayor, Kevin Ashe, has held the mayoralty since 2022. Transit service began in Pickering with
2752-695: The development of Durham Live , a multi-billion-dollar casino complex. The present-day Pickering was Aboriginal territory for thousands of years. The Wyandot (called the Huron by Europeans), who spoke an Iroquoian language , were the historical people living here in the 15th century. Archeological remains of a large village have been found here, known as the Draper Site . Later, the Wyandot moved northwest to Georgian Bay , where they established their historic homeland. There they encountered French explorers in
2816-638: The early 17th century, followed by missionaries and fur traders . The first recorded history of this area was made in 1669, when the French Jesuit missionary François de Salignac de la Mothe-Fénelon noted reaching what he called the Seneca (more likely the Onondaga ) village of Gandatsetiagon , on the shores of Frenchman's Bay (for whom it would be named). The Onondaga (and the Seneca) were among
2880-573: The existence of permanent villages that were occupied for 5-30 years. Some of the Iroquoian villages were 3-10 acres in size, and featured longhouses and palisades . The largest site from this period in the Duffins Creek watershed is the Draper Site , which was excavated during the 1970s for the proposed Pickering Airport . In the mid-17th century, the Iroquois people displaced the Petun and
2944-541: The first half of the 20th century, two new communities emerged in the Pickering Township: the cottage community of Pickering Beach and the self-contained community around the federal government-owned Defence Industries Limited Pickering Works munitions plant. Both areas are now part of Ajax. After the World War II , urbanization began in the southern part of Pickering, and later spread to other parts of
3008-561: The first person of European descent to settle in the area. The current name of the stream first appears as "Duffin" on Jones' map in 1791; subsequent records mention the variants "Duffin's" and "Duffins". The Duffins Creek watershed includes 192 archaeological sites tracked using the Borden System . These sites represent both indigenous peoples and early European settlers. Projectile points of "Hi-Lo" style have been discovered at four Late Paleo-Indian (10000-7000 BCE) sites in
3072-454: The implementation of Seaton and downtown intensification, the Province of Ontario's planning anticipates the creation of 40,000 new jobs for Pickering over the next two decades. Pickering has planned a downtown intensification program, which includes new condominium developments around the Pickering GO station and Pickering Town Centre. Pickering Town Centre is a two-story mall located in Pickering. An enclosed pedestrian bridge constructed over
3136-425: The last quarter of the 20th century, much of the government-owned land in northern Pickering sat idle because of uncertainty over the proposed Pickering Airport . That included the land expropriated by the federal government for the airport and the adjacent land expropriated by the provincial government for the proposed Seaton community that would benefit from the airport. The development of Seaton picked up pace in
3200-539: The major population centres of the area. The community around the DIL munitions plant evolved into the town of Ajax in the mid-20th century. The northern part of the Duffins Creek watershed did not develop as rapidly as other watersheds in the Greater Toronto area, because the Government of Canada marked a large portion of land for the proposed Pickering Airport . The headwaters of the Duffins Creek are located in
3264-526: The official languages, 98.6% of the population reported knowing English and 7.3% French. Pickering is home to the Pickering Nuclear Generating Station , an eight-reactor facility with a capacity of 4,120 megawatts. The first station, Pickering A, opened with four reactors in 1971. Ontario Power Generation , the plants' operator, is the largest single employer in the city. In 2001, the wind-powered OPG 7 Commemorative Turbine
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#17327798864333328-472: The population reported no religious affiliation. Others identified as Muslim (12.6%), Hindu (8.3%), Sikh (0.8%), Buddhist (0.5%), and with other religions. The 2021 census found English to be the mother tongue of 69.2% of the population. This was followed by Urdu (3.1%), Tamil (3.0%), Tagalog (1.8%), Arabic (1.2%), Spanish (1.1%), French (1.1%), Italian (1.0%), Gujarati (1.0%), Dari (0.9%), Mandarin (0.8%), and Cantonese (0.8%). Of
3392-527: The population was under 15 years of age, and 16.6% was 65 years and over. The median age in Pickering was 40.8 years. Immigrants made up 36.3% of the population in 2021. The top places of birth of the immigrant population were India (11.2%), Sri Lanka (8.2%), Pakistan (7.9%), Philippines (7.5%), Jamaica (7.2%), the United Kingdom (7.0%), Guyana (6.6%), Trinidad and Tobago (3.7%), China (2.7%), Bangladesh (2.5%), Afghanistan (2.4%), and
3456-561: The population, mostly First Nations (0.5%) and Métis (0.5%). Ethnocultural backgrounds in the town included European (47.0%), South Asian (21.2%), Black (11.4%), Filipino (4.1%), Chinese (3.0%), West Asian (2.1%), Arab (1.7%), and Latin American (1.5%). In 2021, 53.7% of the population identified as Christian , with Catholics (25.7%) making up the largest denomination, followed by Anglican (3.9%), Orthodox (3.8%), United Church (3.0%), and other denominations. 23.2% of
3520-432: The questionnaire had to be completed in either English or French. The standard short-form questionnaire was to be completed by 75% of households. The other 25% completed a long-form questionnaire to collect data about the household's economic and social state, information about the occupied dwelling, and other data in addition to age, languages spoken, marital status, religious affiliation, and other basic data collected in
3584-469: The short-form questionnaire. Those who completed the census questionnaire online could listen to a number of soundtracks on Spotify and YouTube prepared by Statistics Canada. Completing the questionnaire is a legal requirement, and those who refuse to do so may be fined up to $ 500. It must be completed by citizens of Canada, permanent residents, refugee claimants, and those with a study or work permit. The release dates for data by release topic from
3648-542: The smaller Carruthers Creek watershed, including Audley (now part of Ajax), Kinsale, and Salem. In 1849, the village of Dunbarton was established along the Dunbarton Creek. The Grand Trunk Railway reached the Township in 1856. Pickering was represented in the Mackenzie Rebellion of 1837. One of its leaders, Peter Matthews , had been one of the most prominent members of the community. In 1851,
3712-596: The spectrum, only one province and one territory saw a decrease in population since 2016: Newfoundland and Labrador – a 1.8 per cent decrease, and the Northwest Territories — a 1.7 per cent decrease. The majority of Canadians identified as female at 50.73%, while 49.27% of the population identified as male. The median age overall was 41.6 years – 40.4 years for males and 42.8 years for females. 59,460 Canadians identify as transgender and 41,355 identify as non-binary. Duffins Creek Duffins Creek
3776-418: The stream was Sin-qua-trik-de-que-onk , meaning "pine wood on side". The Ojibwe Mississauga name of the creek in modern orthography is Zhingwaatigotigweyaa-ziibi . The French missionaries from Ganatsekwyagon , who reached the stream in 1670, called it Riviere au Saumon , meaning the "Salmon River", because of a large number of salmon fish that spawned there. Jones named the stream after Mike Duffin,
3840-543: The war, the few suburban areas in the township were the communities of Dunbarton, Fairport Beach, Liverpool Market, and Rouge Hill. Squires Beach, located by the lake shore in the southeast part of the city, is now a ghost town as the area was cleared from 1966 to make way for the construction of the Pickering Nuclear Generating Station . The only home standing in Squires Beach was built by Timothy Rogers in 1842 and relocated to Montgomery Park Road. Squires Beach Road
3904-419: The west; Ajax and Whitby border Pickering on the east; Uxbridge is to the north; and Lake Ontario forms Pickering's southern boundary. The southern part of the city is mainly suburban , with industrial areas restricted to the area around Pickering Nuclear Generating Station . Most of the suburban areas were built as subdivisions after World War II , starting in the area around Frenchman's Bay. Prior to
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#17327798864333968-502: Was 4.21/km (10.90/sq mi). Canada's most- and least-populated provinces were Ontario and Prince Edward Island , respectively. Amongst the three territories, the Northwest Territories was the largest in terms of population, while Nunavut once again became the smallest territory after briefly overtaking Yukon in 2016. The population of Canada rose by 5.2 per cent federally since the 2016 census, which recorded
4032-560: Was opened on the generating station site. The nuclear power plant is expected to start decommissioning in 2024. A number of manufacturers are also located in the city. Major employers include Yorkville Sound (audio equipment), the Canadian headquarters of Purdue Pharma (pharmaceuticals and health & beauty products), Hubbell Canada (electrical equipment), PSB Speakers – Lenbrook (stereo equipment) and Eco-Tec Inc. (industrial water purification and chemical recovery systems). Pickering
4096-446: Was transferred to Ajax when the city boundaries were changed). The Catholic board runs eight elementary schools and one secondary school, Saint Mary Catholic Secondary School . The French public school board operates École Ronald-Marion, which serves both elementary and secondary students. Blaisdale Montessori School, a private school chain, has several locations throughout Pickering serving children from preschool age to grade 8. There
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