The Pierre Shale is a geologic formation or series in the Upper Cretaceous which occurs east of the Rocky Mountains in the Great Plains , from Pembina Valley in Canada to New Mexico .
21-624: The Pierre Shale was described by Meek and Hayden in 1862 in the Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences (Philadelphia). They described it as a dark-gray shale , fossiliferous, with veins and seams of gypsum , and concretions of iron oxide . The Pierre Shale is about 3,138 feet (956m) thick at the type locality. It overlies the Niobrara division and underlies the Fox Hills beds. It
42-622: A result of Hayden's extensive geological work, he uncovered numerous dinosaur fossils which he brought back east with him for further scientific study. Much of what he brought back is still housed in the collection of the Smithsonian Institution . American paleontologist Joseph Leidy obtained most of his fossil specimens from Hayden. Hayden Valley in Yellowstone is named after him. In 2018, Native American leaders have called for it to be renamed, because he "advocated for
63-771: A young boy he was fascinated with all nature and wildlife, which led him into the field of medicine. He worked in Cleveland under Jared Potter Kirtland and thereafter in Albany, NY, where he worked under James Hall , of the Geological Survey of New York . He graduated from Oberlin College in 1850 and from the Albany Medical College in 1853, where he attracted the notice of Professor James Hall, state geologist of New York, through whose influence he
84-654: Is interred at Congressional Cemetery . Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden (September 7, 1829 – December 22, 1887) was an American geologist noted for his pioneering surveying expeditions of the Rocky Mountains in the late 19th century. He was also a physician who served with the Union Army during the Civil War . Ferdinand Hayden was born in Westfield, Massachusetts . As
105-1212: The Boulder Oil Field in Boulder County, Colorado . More recently, natural gas has been extracted in the Raton Basin in southern Colorado . The shale formation is usually too impermeable for hydrocarbon extraction, but produces in areas where it is naturally fractured or fractured by artificial means . Brodavis B. varneri South Dakota Sharon Springs Member. B. sp. Manitoba Pembina Member. Hesperornis H. bairdi South Dakota Sharon Springs Member. H. chowi Manitoba & South Dakota Pembina, Millwood, & Sharon Springs Members. H. lumgairi Manitoba Pembina Member. H. macdonaldi Manitoba & South Dakota. Gammon, Pembina, Millwood(?), & Sharon Springs Members. H. mengeli Manitoba & South Dakota. Pembina & Sharon Springs Members. Manitoba, South Dakota, & Kansas Gammon, Pembina, & Sharon Springs Members. Fielding Bradford Meek Fielding Bradford Meek (December 10, 1817 – December 22, 1876)
126-811: The Civil War he served as an army surgeon. He rose to be chief medical officer of the Army of the Shenandoah and received a brevet to lieutenant colonel. After the American Civil War Hayden led geographic and geologic surveys of the Nebraska and Western Territories for the United States Government. In 1867 he was appointed geologist-in-charge of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of
147-829: The Fox Hills Formation . Most of the formation was deposited in the Campanian Age of the late Cretaceous . However, the discovery of fossils of Baculites baculus in the uppermost beds of the Pierre Shale in the Raton, New Mexico area show that deposition continued here into the early Maastrichtian . The Pierre Shale is the host formation for commercial petroleum deposits in the Florence and Canon City fields in Fremont County, Colorado , and
168-822: The Megatherium Club at the Smithsonian Institution. In 1867, he was elected as a member of the American Philosophical Society . Besides many separate contributions to science, he prepared with WM Gabb (1839–1878) two volumes on the palaeontology of California (1864–1869) and a Report on the Invertebrate Cretaceous and Tertiary Fossils of the Upper Missouri Country (1876). He died of tuberculosis at Washington in 1876 and
189-585: The United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories as an assistant to D. D. Owen in Iowa , and subsequently in Wisconsin and Minnesota . In 1852 he became assistant to Professor James Hall at Albany, New York , and worked at palaeontology with him until 1858. He received training in illustration from Frederick Swinton. Meanwhile, in 1853 he accompanied FV Hayden in an exploration of
210-502: The badlands of Dakota and brought back valuable collections of fossils. In 1858 following clashes with Hall he went to Washington, D.C. , where he devoted his time to the palaeontological work of the United States geological and geographical surveys, his work bearing the stamp of the most faithful and conscientious research, and raising him to the highest rank as a palaeontologist. About this time, both he and Hayden joined
231-535: The Territories . In 1869, Hayden led an expedition along the Front Range to Denver and Santa Fe. In 1870 he received a $ 25,000 governmental grant to lead a 20-man expedition to South Pass, Fort Bridger, Henry's Fork, and back to Cheyenne. About this time, he also became identified with the Megatherium Club at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. To measure distances during their journeys into
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#1732791944026252-487: The United States Geological Survey of Montana and Portions of Adjacent Territories; Being a Fifth Annual Report of Progress was instrumental in convincing Congress to establish Yellowstone as the first U.S. National Park , aided by Jackson's stunning large-format photographs and Moran's dramatic paintings. These publications also encouraged the westward expansion of the United States. Hayden
273-500: The extermination of tribal people who refused to comply with federal dictates". The town of Hayden, Colorado , located in the Yampa River valley, is named for him. Many mountain peaks bear his name as well. The sedge Carex haydeniana was named for him by Stephen Thayer Olney, in 1871. A subspecies of garter snake, Thamnophis radix haydenii , was named for him by Robert Kennicott in 1860. A land snail, Oreohelix haydeni ,
294-467: The geologists. He died in Philadelphia on December 22, 1887, and is interred at The Woodlands Cemetery . From his twelve years of labor and annual survey journeys there resulted a most valuable series of volumes in all branches of natural history and economic science; and he issued in 1877 his Geological and Geographical Atlas of Colorado . The last of the annual survey journeys was in 1878. As
315-668: The northern Missouri River areas. In 1856 and 1857, Hayden accompanied exploration expeditions led by Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren and in 1859, the Raynolds Expedition of 1860 led by Captain William F. Raynolds , both of the Topographical Engineers . One result of the expedition was his Geological Report of the Exploration of the Yellowstone and Missouri Rivers in 1859–1860 (1869). During
336-797: The western frontier Hayden employed the use of an odometer , a device used by mappers to estimate distances traveled. The device was mounted on a mule-drawn cart that measured distances as the cart wheels rolled along. Because of rough terrain the device was accurate to within about 3%. In 1871, Hayden led America's first federally funded geological survey into the Yellowstone region of northwestern Wyoming , given directions by President Ulysses S. Grant 's Secretary of Interior Columbus Delano . The survey consisted of some 50 men which included notables such as painter Thomas Moran and famous frontier/Civil War photographer William Henry Jackson . The following year, Hayden and his work, Preliminary Report of
357-512: Was an American geologist and a paleontologist who specialized in the invertebrates. The son of a lawyer, he was born in Madison, Indiana . In early life he was in business as a merchant, but he became deaf and spent his leisure hours devoted to collecting fossils and studying the rocks of the neighborhood of Madison. Being unsuccessful in business with delicate health he turned his whole attention to science, and in 1848 he gained employment on
378-740: Was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1860. He was made professor of geology at the University of Pennsylvania in 1865 with the help of Leidy. Hayden was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1873. He was elected a Foreign Member of the Geological Society of London in 1879. Upon the reorganization and establishment of the United States Geological Survey in 1879 he acted for seven years as one of
399-528: Was induced to join in an exploration of Nebraska Territory , with Fielding B. Meek to study geology and collect fossils. Hall sent him on his first geological venture in the summer of 1853. Being of independent mind Hayden ended his commission with Hall, and with the encouragement of S. F. Baird, and a partial sponsorship from the Smithsonian Institution, he spent the remainder of the 1850s on various exploring and collecting expeditions in
420-824: Was named for an occurrence near Fort Pierre on the Missouri River in South Dakota . The Pierre Shale is of marine origin and was deposited in the Western Interior Seaway . It is correlative with other marine shales that occur farther west, such as the Bearpaw Shale , Mancos Shale and the Lewis Shale . It correlates with the Lea Park Formation in central Alberta . The Pierre is overlain by marginal marine deposits of
441-650: Was named for him by William Gabb in 1869. Hayden Hall at the University of Pennsylvania which formerly housed the dental school now houses the bioengineering and earth sciences departments. Hayden was eulogized by United States Geological Survey Director John Wesley Powell in an annual report to the United States Secretary of the Interior in 1889. With FB Meek , he wrote ( Smithsonian Institution Contributions , v. 14. Art. 4) "Palaeontology of
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