Misplaced Pages

#871128

46-769: The name is derived from the Snake Indians word for the Perideridia plant, which has an edible root. John C. Frémont was among the first to record the name 'Yampah' in entries of his journal from 1843 , as he found the plant was particularly abundant in the watershed. The headwaters of the Yampa are in the Park Range in Routt County, Colorado as the confluence of the Bear River and Phillips Creek, near

92-674: A branch of the Utes moved into the Yampa River basin. The White River Utes inhabited the valleys of the Yampa and White Rivers and the Rockies of northwestern Colorado. The band living in the Yampa River valley was known as the Yamparika or Yapudttka Utes. At times the river also served as a boundary between the Utes and Shoshone peoples to the north; there was also a band of Shoshone called

138-539: A limited impact on its flow). In December, 2006, a report proposed to pump water from the Yampa River 200 miles east, under the Continental Divide , to the state's major cities along the Front Range . The diversion was proposed to start near Maybell , 20 miles (32 km) downstream of Craig, Colorado . The proposal faces widespread opposition because it could lower river flows in late summer due to

184-628: A rare riparian forest type consisting of narrowleaf cottonwood , box elder and red-osier dogwood that was once more common in the Upper Colorado River Basin. The Yampa's warm, silty waters are an ideal spawning ground for native fish such as the Colorado pikeminnow and humpback chub which have largely disappeared from dammed waterways in other parts of the Colorado River system. Archaeological studies conducted in

230-566: A riparian zone. The word riparian is derived from Latin ripa , meaning " river bank ". Riparian is also the proper nomenclature for one of the terrestrial biomes of the Earth . Plant habitats and communities along the river margins and banks are called riparian vegetation, characterized by hydrophilic plants . Riparian zones are important in ecology , environmental resource management , and civil engineering because of their role in soil conservation , their habitat biodiversity , and

276-540: A riverbank, taking valuable grasses and soils downstream, and later allowing the sun to bake the land dry. Riparian zones can be restored through relocation (of human-made products), rehabilitation, and time. Natural Sequence Farming techniques have been used in the Upper Hunter Valley of New South Wales , Australia, in an attempt to rapidly restore eroded farms to optimum productivity. The Natural Sequence Farming technique involves placing obstacles in

322-415: A role in lowering nitrate contamination in surface runoff, such as manure and other fertilizers from agricultural fields , that would otherwise damage ecosystems and human health. Particularly, the attenuation of nitrate or denitrification of the nitrates from fertilizer in this buffer zone is important. The use of wetland riparian zones shows a particularly high rate of removal of nitrate entering

368-427: A setback zone. "Riparian zones play a crucial role in preserving the vitality of streams and rivers, especially when faced with challenges stemming from catchment land use, including agricultural and urban development. These changes in land utilization can exert adverse impacts on the health of streams and rivers and, consequently, contribute to a decline in their reproductive rates." The protection of riparian zones

414-523: A social aspect, riparian zones contribute to nearby property values through amenity and views, and they improve enjoyment for footpaths and bikeways through supporting foreshoreway networks. Space is created for riparian sports such as fishing, swimming, and launching for vessels and paddle craft. The riparian zone acts as a sacrificial erosion buffer to absorb impacts of factors including climate change , increased runoff from urbanization , and increased boat wake without damaging structures located behind

460-503: A stream and thus has a place in agricultural management. Also in terms of carbon transport from terrestrial ecosystems to aquatic ecosystems, riparian groundwater can play an important role. As such, a distinction can be made between parts of the riparian zone that connect large parts of the landscape to streams, and riparian areas with more local groundwater contributions.    - Riparian forests are primarily situated alongside rivers or streams, with varying degrees of proximity to

506-408: Is important to maintaining geomorphology . Riparian zones also act as important buffers against nutrient loss in the wake of natural disasters, such as hurricanes. Many of the characteristics of riparian zones that reduce the inputs of nitrogen from agricultural runoff also retain the necessary nitrogen in the ecosystem after hurricanes threaten to dilute and wash away critical nutrients. From

SECTION 10

#1732764637872

552-459: Is often a consideration in logging operations. The undisturbed soil, soil cover, and vegetation provide shade, plant litter, and woody material and reduce the delivery of soil eroded from the harvested area. Factors such as soil types and root structures, climatic conditions, and vegetative cover determine the effectiveness of riparian buffering. Activities associated with logging, such as sediment input, introduction or removal of species, and

598-727: The Snake War . From 1688-1720s, when the British Empire first came into prolonged trade contact with the Western Cree and Blackfoot , both of these groups were united in a war against "the Snake Indians" of Canada. It is not clear if this term (used in this period of Canadian history) is meant to refer to the Northern Paiute people , inaccurate, or perhaps entirely unrelated. In modern Plains Cree language ,

644-655: The Colorado– Utah border. The Yampa drains 7,660 square miles (19,800 km) of mostly semi-arid plateau country in northwestern Colorado and a small portion of southern Wyoming. The bulk of the watershed is located between the Park Range, to the east; the Flat Tops, to the south; and the Uinta Mountains , to the west. The Great Divide Basin , an area of closed drainage , borders the Yampa River basin to

690-605: The Dinosaur National Monument have revealed evidence of human habitation up to 7000 BC. The Fremont culture or Desert Archaic people inhabited the Yampa River basin starting about 800 AD, but disappeared for reasons uncertain during the 1400s. The Fremont created petroglyphs along the Yampa River Canyon, of which more than 300 are still visible today. After the collapse of the Fremont culture,

736-690: The Ibadan region of Oyo state. Ibadan, one of the oldest towns in Africa, covers a total area of 3,080 square kilometers and is characterized by a network of perennial water streams that create these valuable riparian zones. In the research conducted by Adeoye et al. (2012) on land use changes in Southwestern Nigeria, it was observed that 46.18 square kilometers of the area are occupied by water bodies. Additionally, most streams and rivers in this region are accompanied by riparian forests. Nevertheless,

782-617: The Shoshone people. The term "Snakes" is also used to refer to the Shoshone by British explorers David Thompson and Anthony Henday . The term was also used by Plains Tribes to refer to the Shoshone. They called the Shoshone "snake" referring to the Shoshone sign in Plains Indian Sign Language for the Shoshone people. The sign was used for salmon but the fish was unknown on the Great Plains . This term

828-471: The Yamparika. The name Yamparika is a Snake Indians word meaning "yampa eaters", "yampa" referring to the edible roots of the Perideridia plant. "Yampa" itself probably meant "water-plant" or "common plant". In 1843 explorer John C. Frémont was among the first to record the name "Yampah", finding this plant to be of particular abundance in the watershed. Some fur traders in the 1800s thought Yampa

874-615: The area adjacent to a watercourse has standing water or saturated soil for as long as a season, it is normally termed a wetland because of its hydric soil characteristics. Because of their prominent role in supporting a diversity of species , riparian zones are often the subject of national protection in a biodiversity action plan . These are also known as a "plant or vegetation waste buffer". Research shows that riparian zones are instrumental in water quality improvement for both surface runoff and water flowing into streams through subsurface or groundwater flow. Riparian zones can play

920-461: The compromise to preserve Echo Park, the controversial Glen Canyon and Flaming Gorge dam projects were allowed to move forward, damming the Colorado and Green Rivers, respectively. Today the Yampa remains the only major tributary in the Colorado River system without a single large dam along its course (the moderately sized Stagecoach Dam , built 1989 and several others on the headwaters have only

966-478: The confluence of the Green is 2,154 cubic feet per second (61 m/s), averaging 5,400 cu ft/s (153 m/s) during the spring runoff of April–July, and falling below 500 cu ft/s (14 m/s) during late summer and autumn. The upper section of the river freezes over between December and March. According to a U.S. Geological Survey stream gage at Deerlodge Park, about 50 miles (80 km) above

SECTION 20

#1732764637872

1012-521: The diversion. Snake Indians Snake Indians is a collective name given to the Northern Paiute , Bannock , and Shoshone Native American tribes . The term was used as early as 1739 by French trader and explorer Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, Sieur de la Verendrye when he described hearing of the Gens du Serpent ("Snake people") from the Mandans. This is probably the first written mention of

1058-796: The extraction of water for irrigation purposes have led to diminished water flows and changes in the riparian environment. Herbaceous Perennial : Herbaceous Perennial : In western North America and the Pacific coast, the riparian vegetation includes: Riparian trees Riparian shrubs Other plants In Asia there are different types of riparian vegetation, but the interactions between hydrology and ecology are similar as occurs in other geographic areas. Typical riparian vegetation in temperate New South Wales, Australia include: Typical riparian zone trees in Central Europe include: Land clearing followed by floods can quickly erode

1104-468: The fish that live within rivers, such as brook and charr. Impacts on riparian zones can affect fish, and restoration is not always sufficient to recover fish populations. They provide native landscape irrigation by extending seasonal or perennial flows of water. Nutrients from terrestrial vegetation (e.g. plant litter and insect drop) are transferred to aquatic food webs, and are a vital source of energy in aquatic food webs. The vegetation surrounding

1150-597: The flow of water, which reduces soil erosion and flood damage. Sediment is trapped, reducing suspended solids to create less turbid water, replenish soils, and build stream banks. Pollutants are filtered from surface runoff, enhancing water quality via biofiltration. The riparian zones also provide wildlife habitat , increased biodiversity, and wildlife corridors , enabling aquatic and riparian organisms to move along river systems avoiding isolated communities. Riparian vegetation can also provide forage for wildlife and livestock. Riparian zones are also important for

1196-725: The influence they have on terrestrial and semiaquatic fauna as well as aquatic ecosystems , including grasslands , woodlands , wetlands , and even non-vegetative areas. Riparian zones may be natural or engineered for soil stabilization or restoration . These zones are important natural biofilters , protecting aquatic environments from excessive sedimentation , polluted surface runoff , and erosion . They supply shelter and food for many aquatic animals and shade that limits stream temperature change. When riparian zones are damaged by construction , agriculture or silviculture , biological restoration can take place, usually by human intervention in erosion control and revegetation. If

1242-464: The input of polluted water all degrade riparian zones. The assortment of riparian zone trees varies from those of wetlands and typically consists of plants that are either emergent aquatic plants, or herbs , trees and shrubs that thrive in proximity to water. In South Africa's fynbos biome, Riparian ecosystem are heavily invaded by alien woody plants . Riparian plant communities along lowland streams exhibit remarkable species diversity, driven by

1288-519: The land from drying. The weeds will improve the streambeds so that trees and grasses can return, and later ideally replace the weeds. There are several other techniques used by government and non-government agencies to address riparian and streambed degradation, ranging from the installation of bed control structures such as log sills to the use of pin groynes or rock emplacement. Other possible approaches include control of invasive species, monitoring of herbivore activity, and cessation of human activity in

1334-535: The mouth, the average river flow was 2,082 cu ft/s (59.0 m/s) between 1983 and 2013. The highest annual mean was 4,431 cu ft/s (125.5 m/s) in 2011, and the lowest 678 cu ft/s (19.2 m/s) in 2002. Monthly recorded average flows were highest in May at 8,200 cu ft/s (230 m/s) and lowest in September at 342 cu ft/s (9.7 m/s). The highest recorded peak flow

1380-548: The namesake mountain. Below Cross Mountain the Yampa enters the open valley of Lily Park, where it is joined by its largest tributary, the Little Snake River . Further west it enters Dinosaur National Monument , where it traverses more than 40 miles (64 km) of rugged canyons and rapids. The Yampa joins the Green in Echo Park at Steamboat Rock deep within the national monument, about 5 miles (8.0 km) from

1426-633: The north. The Continental Divide runs along the north and east sides of the Yampa basin, separating it from the headwaters of the North Platte River , which flows into the Mississippi River system. On the south, the Yampa River basin is bordered by that of the White River , which like the Yampa flows in a westerly direction to join the Green. The Yampa River is a typical Western snow-fed stream, but unlike most other rivers in

Yampa River - Misplaced Pages Continue

1472-571: The presence of water bodies.    - The vegetation in riparian forests exhibits a multi-layered structure.    - Moisture-dependent trees are the dominant feature, giving these forests a unique appearance, especially in savanna regions.    - These moisture-dependent trees define the landscape, accompanied by a variety of mesic understorey , shrub, and ground cover species.    - Riparian forests often host plant species that have high moisture requirements.    - The flora typically includes species native to

1518-448: The region, adapted to the moist conditions provided by proximity to water bodies. In summary, riparian forests are characterized by their location along waterways, their intricate interplay with water and soil dynamics, a diverse array of vegetation layers, and a plant composition favoring moisture-dependent species. Riparian zones dissipate stream energy. The meandering curves of a river, combined with vegetation and root systems, slow

1564-496: The riparian forests may face further depletion, potentially leading to their complete disappearance by the year 2040. Riparian zones can also be found in Cape Agulhas region of South Africa. Riparian areas along South African rivers have experienced significant deterioration as a result of human activities. Similar to many other developed and developing areas worldwide, the extensive building of dams in upstream river areas and

1610-453: The stream helps to shade the water, mitigating water temperature changes . Thinning of riparian zones has been observed to cause increased maximum temperatures, higher fluctuations in temperature, and elevated temperatures being observed more frequently and for longer periods of time. Extreme changes in water temperature can have lethal effects on fish and other organisms in the area. The vegetation also contributes wood debris to streams, which

1656-472: The study also identified a consistent reduction in the extent of these riparian forests over time, primarily attributed to a significant deforestation rate. In Nigeria, according to Momodu et al. (2011), there has been a notable decline of about 50% in the riparian forest coverage within the period of 1978 to 2000. This reduction is primarily attributed to alterations in land use and land cover. Additionally, their research indicates that if current trends continue,

1702-581: The term "kinêpikoyiniwak / ᑭᓀᐱᑯᔨᓂᐘᐠ", literally translating to "Snake Indian" refers to Shoshone people . This article relating to the Indigenous peoples of North America is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Riparian zone A riparian zone or riparian area is the interface between land and a river or stream . In some regions, the terms riparian woodland , riparian forest , riparian buffer zone , riparian corridor , and riparian strip are used to characterize

1748-470: The town of Yampa . The Bear River, larger of the two, flows from a source of 11,600-foot (3,500 m) at Derby Peak in the Flat Tops Wilderness . The Yampa River then flows north through a high mountain valley, through Stagecoach Reservoir and Lake Catamount, before reaching Steamboat Springs , where it turns sharply west. Below Steamboat Springs, the Yampa flows through a wider valley in

1794-477: The unique environmental gradients inherent to these ecosystems. Riparian forest can be found in Benin, West Africa. In Benin, where the savanna ecosystem prevails, "riparian forests" include various types of woodlands, such as semi-deciduous forests, dry forests, open forests, and woodland savannas . These woodlands can be found alongside rivers and streams. In Nigeria, you can also discover riparian zones within

1840-484: The water's edge.    - These ecosystems are intimately connected with dynamic water flow and soil processes, influencing their characteristics.    - Riparian forests feature a diverse combination of elements, including:    - Mesic terrestrial vegetation (vegetation adapted to moist conditions).    - Dependent animal life, relying on the riparian environment for habitat and resources.    - Local microclimate influenced by

1886-415: The water's pathway to lessen the energy of a flood, and help the water to deposit soil and seep into the flood zone. Another technique is to quickly establish ecological succession by encouraging fast-growing plants such as "weeds" ( pioneer species ) to grow. These may spread along the watercourse and cause environmental degradation , but may stabilize the soil, place carbon into the ground, and protect

Yampa River - Misplaced Pages Continue

1932-497: The western United States its seasonal discharge patterns are not affected by large dams and water projects. The river forms a noticeably wide, shallow braided stream throughout much of its course. The lower three fourths of the Yampa, from the Elk River down, are navigable by small craft. However the meandering, shallow nature of the river can render the river unnavigable during late summer in low water years. The average flow at

1978-612: The western foothills of the Rockies. It receives the Elk River from the north, then passes the towns of Milner and Hayden . After entering Moffat County the Yampa passes Craig and is joined by the Williams Fork . West of Craig, the Yampa crosses arid, sparsely populated sagebrush country for about 50 miles (80 km) before reaching Cross Mountain Canyon, where the river slices a 1,000 ft (300 m) deep gap through

2024-563: Was 33,200 cu ft/s (940 m/s) during the record snowmelt of May 18, 1984. Because the Yampa River maintains a relatively natural flow pattern, it supports a productive riparian zone environment along much of its course. In addition, much of the river is unconstrained by levees allowing it to maintain its natural floodplain . This is also true of its main tributary, the Little Snake River. The Yampa River Preserve 17 miles (27 km) west of Steamboat Springs protects

2070-511: Was the Ute word for "bear", and the Yampa was often called the Bear River on early maps. During the 1960s, the Yampa and Green River canyons were slated to be flooded under a reservoir created by Echo Park Dam , a U.S. Bureau of Reclamation water project. Due to environmentalists' opposition, this dam was never built, and the free-flowing character of the Yampa was retained. However, as part of

2116-820: Was widely used by American immigrants on the Oregon Trail in the Snake River and Owyhee River valleys of southern Idaho and Eastern Oregon . The term "Snake Indian" later included the Northern Paiute tribes found in the basins between the Cascade Mountains and these valleys in Oregon and northern Nevada and northeastern California . These people were the opponents of the California , Oregon , and Washington Volunteers and US Army , in

#871128