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72-467: The first film in the series derives its name from a pink diamond that has enormous size and value. The diamond is called the "Pink Panther" because the flaw at its center, when viewed closely, is said to resemble a leaping pink panther . The phrase reappears in the title of the fourth film The Return of the Pink Panther , in which the theft of the diamond is again the center of the plot. The phrase

144-606: A classification that was accepted by IUCN Red List assessors in 2008. Based on genetic research , it was suggested to group all living sub-Saharan lion populations into P. l. leo . Results of phylogeographic studies indicate that the Western and Central African lion populations are more closely related to those in India and form a different clade than lion populations in Southern and East Africa ; southeastern Ethiopia

216-628: A complete ban on the growing of Turkish poppies for the production of opium , effective June 29, 1971. During these protracted negotiations, law enforcement personnel went into action. One of the major roundups began on January 4, 1972, when agents from the U.S. Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs (BNDD) and French authorities seized 110 pounds (50 kg) of heroin at the Paris airport. Subsequently, traffickers Jean-Baptiste Croce and Joseph Mari were arrested in Marseille. One such French seizure from

288-520: A different continuity. Martin also stars in the sequel, The Pink Panther 2 , released in 2009. The opening title sequence in the original 1963 The Pink Panther film was such a success with the United Artists executives that they decided to adapt the title sequence into a series of theatrical animated shorts . DePatie–Freleng Enterprises , run by former Warner Bros. Cartoons personnel David H. DePatie and Isadore "Friz" Freleng , produced

360-486: A lower resistance to airflow; it was therefore proposed to be retained in the genus Uncia . Panthera species can prusten , which is a short, soft, snorting sound; it is used during contact between friendly individuals. The roar is an especially loud call with a distinctive pattern that depends on the species. The geographic origin of the Panthera is most likely northern Central Asia . Panthera blytheae , possibly

432-835: A meeting between Sicilian Mafia and American Mafia members was held at the Grand Hotel et des Palmes in Palermo to discuss the international illegal heroin trade in the French Connection. The first major French Connection seizure in the 1960s began in June, when an informant told a drug agent in Lebanon that Mauricio Rosal, the Guatemalan Ambassador to Belgium , the Netherlands and Luxembourg ,

504-440: A new series of misadventures for the inept Sergeant Sleigh, the film's dismal box-office performance and critical drubbing, along with a complicated series of lawsuits between Edwards and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , led to a decade-long hiatus of the series. The lawsuit was eventually settled out of court in 1988, around the time Edwards came up with one final film idea that would ultimately become the unofficial series finale. In Son of

576-426: A number of extinct species, including the cave lion and American lion . The word panther derives from classical Latin panthēra , itself from the ancient Greek pánthēr ( πάνθηρ ). In Panthera species, the dorsal profile of the skull is flattish or evenly convex. The frontal inter orbital area is not noticeably elevated, and the area behind the elevation is less steeply sloped. The basic cranial axis

648-596: A remake of the original film, it forms a new starting point for a contemporary series, introducing the Clouseau and Dreyfus characters along with the famous diamond to a new generation. The film was panned by most critics, and grossed $ 164.1 million against an $ 80 million budget. The sequel to Steve Martin's 2006 film. Martin reprises his role, but John Cleese replaces Kevin Kline as Chief Inspector Dreyfus. This film received negative reviews and meager box office, grossing

720-515: A rift between Blake Edwards and Sellers, Edwards would not have directed the film. The basic plot was to involve Inspector Clouseau becoming smitten with a cat burglar called "the Frog", played by Pamela Stephenson . Shortly after Sellers' death in July 1980, it was reported that Dudley Moore might play Clouseau, but Blake Edwards instead chose to introduce a new character in the series, rather than recast

792-583: A somewhat jarring contrast of styles which is typical of Edwards's films. The popularity of Clouseau caused him to become the main character in subsequent Pink Panther films, which were more straightforward slapstick comedies. Mancini's theme, with variations in arrangement, is used at the start of all but the first two of the subsequent films. Mancini's other themes for the first film include an Italian-language set-piece called " Meglio stasera ", whose purpose seems primarily to introduce young actress Fran Jeffries . Portions of an instrumental version also appear in

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864-604: A street value of $ 50 million. In a 14-month period, starting in February 1972, six major illicit heroin laboratories were seized and dismantled in the suburbs of Marseille by French national narcotics police in collaboration with agents from the United States Drug Enforcement Administration . On February 29, 1972, French authorities seized the shrimp boat, Caprice des Temps , as it put to sea near Marseille heading towards Miami . It

936-479: A worldwide total of $ 76 million against a budget of $ 70 million. In March 2014, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer announced plans to develop a new live-action/CGI hybrid feature film starring the Pink Panther , which was set to be directed by David Silverman , with Walter Mirisch and Julie Andrews serving as producers. Andrews, who is the widow of Blake Edwards, would be creatively involved in the process of developing

1008-630: Is an admixture region between North African and East African lion populations. Black panthers do not form a distinct species, but are melanistic specimens of the genus, most often encountered in the leopard and jaguar. The following list of the genus Panthera is based on the taxonomic assessment in Mammal Species of the World and reflects the taxonomy revised in 2017 by the Cat Classification Task Force of

1080-499: Is nearly horizontal. The inner chamber of the bullae is large, the outer small. The partition between them is close to the external auditory meatus . The convexly rounded chin is sloping. All Panthera species have an incompletely ossified hyoid bone and a specially adapted larynx with large vocal folds covered in a fibro-elastic pad; these characteristics enable them to roar . Only the snow leopard cannot roar, as it has shorter vocal folds of 9 mm (0.35 in) that provide

1152-470: Is the first to feature a different lead character, blundering American detective Sgt. Clifton Sleigh, portrayed by Ted Wass . Inspector Clouseau and the Pink Panther diamond, both of which had disappeared in Trail , are pursued by Sleigh. Clouseau returns, after having plastic surgery to disguise his identity, in a cameo appearance by Roger Moore (who is credited as "Turk Thrust II"). Although intended to spawn

1224-562: The American lion ( P. atrox ) is a sister lineage to Panthera spelaea (the Eurasian cave or steppe lion) that diverged about 0.34  million years ago , and that both P. atrox and P. spelaea are most closely related to lions among living Panthera species. The snow leopard is nested within Panthera and is the sister species of the tiger. Results of a 2016 study based on analysis of biparental nuclear genomes suggest

1296-1047: The Cat Specialist Group : [REDACTED] P. l. melanochaita ( Smith , 1842) including: [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Indian leopard P. p. fusca ( Meyer , 1794) Javan leopard P. p. melas ( G. Cuvier , 1809) Arabian leopard P. p. nimr ( Hemprich and Ehrenberg ), 1833 P. p. tulliana ( Valenciennes , 1856), syn. P. p. ciscaucasica ( Satunin , 1914), P. p. saxicolor Pocock, 1927 Amur leopard P. p. orientalis ( Schlegel , 1857), syn. P. p. japonensis ( Gray , 1862) Indochinese leopard P. p. delacouri Pocock, 1930 Sri Lankan leopard P. p. kotiya Deraniyagala, 1956 [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Sunda Island tiger P. t. sondaica Temminck, 1844) including [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Other, now invalid, species have also been described, such as Panthera crassidens from South Africa, which

1368-581: The 1930s, reached its peak in the 1960s, and was dismantled in the 1970s. It was responsible for providing the vast majority of the heroin used in the United States at the time. The operation was headed by Corsicans Antoine Guérini and Paul Carbone (with associate François Spirito ). It also involved Auguste Ricord , Paul Mondoloni and Salvatore Greco . Illegal heroin labs were first discovered near Marseille , France , in 1937. These labs were run by Corsican gang leader Paul Carbone . For years,

1440-459: The 1960s was Corsican Jean Jehan. Although Jehan is reported to have arranged the famous 1962 deal gone wrong of 64 pounds of "pure" heroin, he was never arrested for his involvement in international heroin smuggling. According to Grosso, all warrants for the arrest of Jehan were left open. For years thereafter, Jehan was reported to be seen arranging and operating drug activities at will throughout Europe. According to William Friedkin , director of

1512-608: The 1971 film The French Connection , Jehan had been a member of the French Resistance to Nazi Occupation during World War II and, because of that, French law enforcement officials refused to arrest him. Friedkin was told that Jehan died peacefully of old age at his home in Corsica. Following five subsequent years of concessions, combined with international cooperation, the Turkish government finally agreed in 1971 to

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1584-765: The Corsican underworld had been involved in the manufacturing and trafficking of heroin, primarily to the United States . It was this heroin network that eventually became known as "the French Connection". The Corsican Gang was protected by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the SDECE after World War II in exchange for working to prevent French Communists from bringing the Old Port of Marseille under their control. Historically,

1656-514: The Dark as the best film in the series. In the original film, released in 1963, the main focus was on David Niven 's role as Sir Charles Litton, the infamous jewel thief nicknamed "the Phantom", and his plan to steal the Pink Panther diamond. Inspector Clouseau was only a secondary character as Litton's incompetent antagonist and provided slapstick to an otherwise subtle, lighthearted caper film ,

1728-562: The East Coast of the United States during the early 1970s, which in turn led to a major New York Police Department (NYPD) corruption scheme. The scope and depth of this scheme are still not known, but officials suspect it involved corrupt NYPD officers who allowed Papa, Alessi, and Loria access to the NYPD property/evidence storage room, where hundreds of kilograms of heroin lay seized from the now-infamous French Connection bust, and from which

1800-479: The European jaguar) Jaguar [REDACTED] Leopard [REDACTED] Lion [REDACTED] † Panthera spelaea (cave lion or steppe lion) [REDACTED] † American lion ( Panthera atrox ) French Connection The French Connection was a scheme through which heroin was smuggled from Indochina through Turkey to France and then to the United States and Canada . The operation started in

1872-636: The French Connection in 1973 netted 210 pounds (95 kg) of heroin worth $ 38 million. In February 1972, French traffickers offered a United States Army sergeant $ 96,000 (equivalent to $ 699,265 in 2023) to smuggle 240 pounds (109 kg) of heroin into the United States. He informed his superior who in turn notified the BNDD. As a result of this investigation, five men in New York and two in Paris were arrested with 264 pounds (120 kg) of heroin, which had

1944-648: The French liner St. Tropez . On January 7, 1949, more than 50 pounds (22.75 kg) of opium and heroin were seized on the French ship Batista . After Paul Carbone's death, the Guérini clan was the ruling dynasty of the Unione Corse and had systematically organized the smuggling of opium from Turkey and other Middle Eastern countries . The Guérini clan was led by Marseille mob boss Antoine Guérini and his brothers, Barthelemy, Francois and Pascal. In October 1957,

2016-513: The Phantom/Sir Charles Lytton, portrayed by David Niven . It is set in the ski resort of Cortina d'Ampezzo . Peter Sellers's performance was so popular that the resulting series was built on the Clouseau character rather than the Phantom character. Niven and Sellers's co-stars included Capucine , Robert Wagner , and Claudia Cardinale . A Shot in the Dark (1964) was released less than a year after The Pink Panther , and

2088-621: The Pink Panther (1982) and Curse of the Pink Panther (1983). It also appears in the revival of the Inspector Clouseau character in the Steve Martin reboot films The Pink Panther (2006), and its sequel The Pink Panther 2 (2009). The name "the Pink Panther" became attached to Inspector Clouseau in much the same way that Frankenstein has been used in film titles to refer to Dr. Frankenstein's creation , or The Thin Man

2160-475: The Pink Panther (1978) pitted Clouseau against the French Connection . It is the last in which Sellers played Clouseau. It co-starred Dyan Cannon , Robert Webber , Robert Loggia and Graham Stark . Trail of the Pink Panther (1982) was the first Pink Panther film made after Peter Sellers' death in 1980. Sellers' role is created by using scenes cut from Strikes Again , as well as flashbacks from

2232-405: The Pink Panther (1993), Blake Edwards made one final attempt to revive the Pink Panther series, this time by casting Italian actor Roberto Benigni as Gendarme Jacques Gambrelli, Inspector Clouseau's illegitimate son by Maria Gambrelli, the murder suspect from A Shot in the Dark (1964). Once again, regular Panther co-stars return – Herbert Lom , Burt Kwouk , and Graham Stark , and a star of

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2304-575: The Pink Panther character on movie screens and on the airwaves, including The Inspector , featuring a comical French police officer based on the Jacques Clouseau character. Traditionally mute, the Pink Panther was given the voice of actor Matt Frewer for a 1993-1995 animated TV series . The animated Pink Panther character has also appeared in computer and console video games, as well as advertising campaigns for several companies, most notably for Owens Corning Fiberglass insulation. There

2376-439: The Pink Panther. The series was encouraged by the success of Who Framed Roger Rabbit , but for unknown reasons, it was not greenlit. Panthera Panthera is a genus within the family Felidae , and one of two extant genera in the subfamily Pantherinae . It contains the largest living members of the cat family. There are five living species: the jaguar , leopard , lion , snow leopard and tiger , as well as

2448-481: The United States annually from France. The French traffickers continued to exploit the demand for their illegal product, and by 1969, they were supplying the United States with 80 percent of its heroin. On April 26, 1968, a record setting seizure was made, 246 lb (111.6 kg) of heroin smuggled to New York concealed in a Citroën DS on the SS France (1960) ocean liner. The total amount smuggled during

2520-404: The animated Pink Panther character was subsequently featured in a series of theatrical cartoons , starting with The Pink Phink in 1964. The cartoon series gained its highest profile on television, aired on Saturday mornings as The Pink Panther Show . The character returned to the film series opening sequences in 1975. The Pink Panther (1963), the original film of the series, centered on

2592-615: The busiest ports in the western Mediterranean Sea , known for shipping all types of illegal goods. The Marseille heroin was considered high quality. The convenience of the port at Marseille and the frequent arrival of ships from opium-producing countries made it easy to smuggle the morphine base to Marseille from the Far East or the Near East . The French underground would then ship large quantities of heroin from Marseille to New York City . The first significant post-World War II seizure

2664-470: The camera zooms in on the diamond to reveal the blurry flaw, which focuses on the cartoon Panther (though not actually leaping) to begin the opening credits sequence. (This is also done in The Return of the Pink Panther [1975].) The plot of the first film is based on the theft of this diamond. The diamond reappears in several later films in the series, The Return of the Pink Panther (1975), Trail of

2736-501: The cartoon series, Mancini composed different theme music for A Shot in the Dark ; this theme was later adopted by the animated spin-off series The Inspector . Although official, the live-action film Inspector Clouseau (1968) starring Alan Arkin as Clouseau, is generally not considered by fans to be part of the series canon , since it involved neither Sellers nor Edwards. However, some elements of Arkin's performance and costuming of Clouseau were retained when Peter Sellers resumed

2808-404: The credits sequences, the theme often accompanies any suspenseful sequence in the first film and in most of the subsequent films featuring the character of Clouseau. The "Pink Panther" of the title is a diamond supposedly containing a flaw that forms the image of a "leaping panther" which can be seen if held up to the light in a certain way. This is explained at the beginning of the first film, and

2880-407: The end of the 1960s, after Robert Blemant's assassination by Antoine Guérini, a gang war started in Marseille, caused by competition over casino revenues. Blemant's associate Marcel Francisci continued the war over the next years. Former New York City Police Department Narcotics Bureau detective Sonny Grosso has stated that the kingpin of the French Connection heroin ring during the 1950s into

2952-431: The film's musical score several times. Other segments include "Shades of Sennett ", a " honky-tonk " piano number introducing the film's climactic chase scene through the streets of Rome . Most of the remaining tracks on the soundtrack album are the early 1960s orchestral jazz pieces, matching the style of the era. Although variations of the main theme would reprise for many of the Pink Panther series entries, as well as

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3024-474: The film. The 1968 film Inspector Clouseau stars Alan Arkin as Clouseau, and does not feature any other recurring characters from the rest of the series. Although it was produced by the Mirisch Corporation (who owned the rights to the Pink Panther and Clouseau characters), key people associated with the earlier films, such as Peter Sellers, Blake Edwards, and Henry Mancini, were not involved in

3096-467: The films in the series starred Peter Sellers as Inspector Clouseau and were directed and co-written by Blake Edwards . As detailed in the director's commentary for the first film, the Inspector Clouseau character was originally conceived as a vehicle for David Niven , but once written it was decided he should play the raconteur/thief. Then the role was offered to Peter Ustinov , with Ava Gardner to play his wife. When Gardner dropped out, so did Ustinov, so

3168-597: The following relationships of living Panthera species: The extinct species Panthera gombaszoegensis , was probably closely related to the modern jaguar. The first fossil remains were excavated in Olivola , in Italy, and date to 1.6  million years ago . Fossil remains found in South Africa that appear to belong within the Panthera lineage date to about 2 to 3.8 million years ago . Panthera

3240-405: The lion and leopard subspecies are questionable because of insufficient genetic distinction between them. Subsequently, it was proposed to group all African leopard populations to P. p. pardus and retain eight subspecific names for Asian leopard populations. Results of genetic analysis indicate that the snow leopard (formerly Uncia uncia ) also belongs to the genus Panthera ( P. uncia ),

3312-435: The lists considerably. Reginald Innes Pocock revised the classification of this genus in 1916 as comprising the tiger ( P. tigris ), lion ( P. leo ), jaguar ( P. onca ), and leopard ( P. pardus ) on the basis of common features of their skulls . Since the mid-1980s, several Panthera species became subjects of genetic research , mostly using blood samples of captive individuals. Study results indicate that many of

3384-458: The making of this film. More than a decade after his previous portrayal, Peter Sellers returned as Clouseau in 1975's The Return of the Pink Panther . The film marked the return of the famous "Pink Panther" diamond as well as most of the creative team associated with the prior films, including director Blake Edwards , composer Henry Mancini , Herbert Lom as Dreyfus, Burt Kwouk as Cato and André Maranne as François. David Niven did not reprise

3456-407: The many transatlantic voyages of just this one car was 1,606 lb (728.5 kg) according to arrested smuggler Jacques Bousquet. In an effort to limit the most proximate source of supply to the Corsican cartel, US officials went to Turkey to negotiate the phasing out of opium production. Initially, the Turkish government agreed to limit their opium production starting with the 1968 crop. At

3528-437: The men would help themselves and replace missing heroin with flour and corn starch to avoid detection. The substitution was discovered only when officers noticed insects eating all the bags of "heroin". By that point an estimated street value of approximately $ 70 million worth of heroin had already been taken. The racket was brought to light and arrests were made. Certain plotters received jail sentences, including Papa, who

3600-442: The movie instead with Mirisch and Andrews still producing. The animated Pink Panther character also appeared in a short animated segment on the educational TV series Sesame Street , demonstrating his karate skills to carve the letter K out of a block of stone, only for it to crumble quickly afterward. Romance of the Pink Panther would have been the seventh film in the franchise, and written by Peter Sellers and Jim Moloney. Due to

3672-456: The new project, which unlike previous installments would focus on the titular character instead of the franchise's main character, Inspector Jacques Clouseau. By November 2020, Jeff Fowler had joined the production replacing Silverman as director. Chris Bremner was hired to write the script, while Lawrence Mirisch will serve as an additional producer. The plot will center around the Pink Panther character and Inspector Clouseau. By April 2023, it

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3744-526: The oldest known Panthera species, is similar in skull features to the snow leopard, though its taxonomic placement has been disputed by other researchers who suggest that the species likely belongs to a different genus. The tiger, snow leopard, and clouded leopard genetic lineages dispersed in Southeast Asia during the Miocene . Genetic studies indicate that the pantherine cats diverged from

3816-552: The opening sequences, with Freleng as director. United Artists commissioned a long series of The Pink Panther shorts, the first of which, 1964's The Pink Phink , won the 1964 Academy Award for Animated Short Film . This was the first (and to date only) time a studio's first work won an Oscar. By the autumn of 1969, the shorts were being broadcast on NBC during Saturday mornings on The Pink Panther Show ; after 1969, new shorts were produced for both television broadcast and theatrical release. A number of sister series also joined

3888-506: The original 1963 film, Claudia Cardinale . Although intended to relaunch the series with the blundering Jacques as a lead, Son failed both critically and commercially and became the final installment in the original Pink Panther series. It was also the final film for both retiring director Blake Edwards and composer Henry Mancini, who died in 1994. This reboot launches a new Pink Panther film series starring Steve Martin as Inspector Clouseau and Kevin Kline as Chief Inspector Dreyfus. Not

3960-406: The previous Pink Panther films. This movie was intended as a tribute to Sellers, but after its release, Sellers' widow Lynne Frederick successfully sued Edwards and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer for tarnishing her late husband's memory. David Niven and Capucine reprise their original roles from the first Pink Panther film. Trail was a critical and commercial failure. 1983's Curse of the Pink Panther

4032-405: The raw material for most of the heroin consumed in the United States came from Indochina , then Turkey . Turkish farmers were licensed to grow opium poppies for sale to legal drug companies, but many sold their excess to the underworld market, where it was manufactured into heroin and transported to the United States. The morphine paste was refined in Corsican laboratories in Marseille, one of

4104-529: The role of Return in 1975. Despite speculation, Alan Arkin does not appear in Trail of the Pink Panther . The film that launched the second Pink Panther series, The Pink Panther , starring Steve Martin as Clouseau, directed by Shawn Levy and produced by Robert Simonds , was released in February 2006 by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and was co-produced with Columbia Pictures . It is set in the present day and introduces different main characters, therefore belonging to

4176-425: The role of Clouseau went to Sellers. Apparently, the tone of the film changed after Edwards picked up Sellers from the airport, and during the ride to the hotel, they bonded over their mutual love of old film comedians like Harold Lloyd , Buster Keaton and Laurel & Hardy . The role was then modified to include elements of slapstick. The jazz-based Pink Panther Theme was composed by Henry Mancini . In addition to

4248-424: The role of Clouseau. Both Clive Donner and Sidney Poitier were reported at various times to be directing the movie, with Donner's name in that role on the cover sheet of the July 1980 'final draft' script. In the late 1980s, MGM/UA had been developing a live action/animation hybrid Pink Panther TV series, focusing on a young reporter to be portrayed by Charlie Schlatter who is helped in his investigations by

4320-537: The role of Sir Charles Lytton, who is portrayed in the film by Christopher Plummer instead. The film also co-starred Catherine Schell , Peter Arne , and Graham Stark . In The Pink Panther Strikes Again (1976), Dreyfus' insanity reached its zenith, as he tried to blackmail the rest of the world into killing Clouseau. It co-starred Leonard Rossiter , Lesley-Anne Down , Michael Robbins , Colin Blakely , and featured an uncredited cameo by Omar Sharif . Revenge of

4392-519: The subfamily Felinae between six and ten million years ago. The genus Neofelis is sister to Panthera . The clouded leopard appears to have diverged about 8.66  million years ago . Panthera diverged from other cat species about 11.3  million years ago and then evolved into the species tiger about 6.55  million years ago , snow leopard about 4.63  million years ago and leopard about 4.35  million years ago . Mitochondrial sequence data from fossils suggest that

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4464-456: Was also a short-lived animated series called Pink Panther and Pals (2010) which is aimed at younger children. In 2014, MGM announced (see above) that it was planning an animation / live-action hybrid film reboot of the franchise, to be directed by David Silverman and produced by Walter Mirisch and Julie Andrews . But in November 2020, it was later announced that Jeff Fowler will direct

4536-422: Was announced that after acquiring MGM, Amazon is developing new additions to the franchise in the form of a movie and television series through their subsidiary Amazon Studios (now called Amazon MGM Studios). It was later reported that Eddie Murphy was in talks to star in the film as Clouseau. This section includes characters who will appear or have appeared in multiple installments in the franchise. Most of

4608-468: Was carrying 915 pounds (415 kg) of heroin. Drug arrests in France skyrocketed from 57 in 1970 to 3,016 in 1972. Also broken up as part of this investigation was the crew of American Mafia Lucchese family mobster Vincent Papa , whose members included Anthony Loria Sr. and Virgil Alessi . The well-organized gang was responsible for distributing close to a million dollars worth of heroin up and down

4680-492: Was later found to be based on a mixture of leopard and cheetah fossils. In 2018, results of a phylogenetic study on living and fossil cats were published. This study was based on the morphological diversity of the mandibles of saber-toothed cats , their speciation and extinction rates . † Panthera palaeosinensis † Panthera blytheae Snow leopard [REDACTED] † Panthera zdanskyi Tiger [REDACTED] † Panthera gombaszoegensis (sometimes called

4752-456: Was later murdered in federal prison in Atlanta, Georgia . Ultimately, the Guérini clan was exterminated during internecine wars within the French underworld. In 1971, Marcel Francisci was accused by the U.S. Bureau of Narcotics of being involved in the trafficking of heroin between Marseilles and New York City. On 16 January 1982, Marcel Francisci was shot to death as he was entering his car in

4824-429: Was made in New York on February 5, 1947, when seven pounds (3 kg) of heroin were seized from a Corsican sailor disembarking from a vessel that had just arrived from France. It soon became clear that the French underground was increasing not only its participation in the illegal trade of opium, but also its expertise and efficiency in heroin trafficking. On March 17, 1947, 28 pounds (13 kg) of heroin were found on

4896-537: Was named and described by Lorenz Oken in 1816 who placed all the spotted cats in this group. During the 19th and 20th centuries, various explorers and staff of natural history museums suggested numerous subspecies, or at times called "races", for all Panthera species. The taxonomist Reginald Innes Pocock reviewed skins and skulls in the zoological collection of the Natural History Museum, London , and grouped subspecies described, thus shortening

4968-514: Was smuggling morphine base from Beirut to Marseille. Narcotics agents had been seizing about 200 pounds (90 kg) of heroin in a typical year, but intelligence showed that the Corsican traffickers were smuggling in 200 pounds (90 kg) every other week. Rosal alone, in one year, had used his diplomatic status to bring in about 440 pounds (200 kg). The Federal Bureau of Narcotics 's 1960 annual report estimated that from 2,600 to 5,000 pounds (1,200 to 2,300 kg) of heroin were coming into

5040-525: Was the first to feature the Clouseau character as the protagonist of the film, investigating a murder set in a mansion in Paris. This film marked the first appearance of many of the tropes and supporting characters long associated with the series, including Commissioner Dreyfus (portrayed by Herbert Lom ), his assistant François (portrayed by André Maranne ), and Clouseau's manservant, Cato (portrayed by Burt Kwouk ). Elke Sommer , George Sanders , Graham Stark , Tracy Reed and Douglas Wilmer also appeared in

5112-402: Was used for all the subsequent films in the series, even when the jewel did not figure in the plot. The jewel ultimately appeared in six of the eleven films. The first film in the series had an animated opening sequence, created by DePatie–Freleng Enterprises , featuring " The Pink Panther Theme " by Mancini, as well as the Pink Panther character . Designed by Hawley Pratt and Friz Freleng ,

5184-409: Was used in a series of detective films. A Shot in the Dark , the second film in the series, was not originally intended to feature Clouseau and is the first of two films in the series (the other being Inspector Clouseau ) that features neither the diamond nor the distinctive animated Pink Panther character in the opening credits and ending. Many critics, including Leonard Maltin , regard A Shot in

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