Misplaced Pages

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97-577: In the prime access timeslots, stations were expected to schedule local programming; the FCC prohibited reruns of networked programming from airing in the prime access timeslots. In practice, the early-evening fringe became a lucrative time slot for first-run syndicated programming, including game shows , entertainment series, and variety shows . A second regulation—the Financial Interest and Syndication Rules (fin-syn)—was introduced alongside

194-555: A 2 hour, 27 minute delay caused by severe cleanup caused by a jet dryer explosion on Lap 160. In 2020 (when the suspended race resumed on Lap 21) and 2024 , Fox started the rescheduled races at 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time. The 2020 race ended into the Prime Time Access Rule hour, and the 2024 race ended in primetime hours because of cleanup related to a red flag caused by a Lap 192 crash. In 2014 and 2015, CBS moved its Thursday primetime to start at 7:30 p.m. for

291-408: A compromise. While the networks hoped to have PTAR done away with entirely, their affiliates opposed such a move due to profitable local spot ad revenues on Mondays through Saturdays, so they settled for a revision by the FCC instead in 1975. That modification allowed networks to reclaim the hour on Sunday nights lost in 1971, from 7 to 11 p.m. (6 to 10 Central). Then as now, the night of the week with

388-489: A different approach: the network completely preempted its lineup until the last game it held the right to broadcast in each region had finished until 2004, after which it joined its primetime lineup in progress (preempting portions or even the entirety of programs scheduled to air between 7 and 8 p.m. following the game's designated time slot). Similarly, if necessary, major tournaments in professional golf are also treated in this manner; since 1987 (the year Daylight Saving Time

485-450: A distributor that does not hold syndication rights to the program (such as Shout! Factory ) secures the rights for future DVD releases. TV Guide originally used the term "rerun" to designate rebroadcast programs, but abruptly changed to "repeat" between April and May in 1971. Other TV listings services and publications, including local newspapers, often indicated reruns as "(R)"; since the early 2000s, many listing services only provide

582-440: A full hour on Sundays, between 7 and 7:30 p.m. (6 to 6:30 Central) and 10:30 to 11 p.m. (9:30 to 10 Central). Because it would have represented a large if not prohibitive loss of advertising exposure for the networks to have their programs excluded from the largest stations (and thus not reaching half or more of the U.S. population), the networks opted to relinquish those timeslots to all their stations, not just those required by

679-431: A half-hour from 7:30 p.m., where it had aired from 1971 to 1975. By 1981, the ratings lead of 60 Minutes was so strong that NBC canceled Disney after a 20-year run there, with CBS picking it up for a Saturday-night slot that fall. ABC, and NBC after 1981, attempted numerous shows that made little or no impact upon the 60 Minutes stronghold on viewers in the late 1970s and 1980s. The 1990s brought some stability to

776-501: A handful of smaller markets, its nationwide clearance (especially in the access hour) rapidly increased over the course of its first two seasons. By 1986, Wheel had become the highest-rated syndicated program on American television. In 1984, King World launched an Alex Trebek -hosted revival of Griffin's former NBC quiz show Jeopardy! , with a number of stations pairing it in the access hour with Wheel to build upon its ratings strength. In New York City, Jeopardy! initially aired in

873-490: A late-night time slot on New York City's WNBC . After ABC's soap opera The Edge of Night was cancelled in December 1984, a deal was reached to move Jeopardy! to the soap's former 4 p.m. time slot on WABC-TV . On December 15, 1986, WABC moved The Oprah Winfrey Show (also distributed by King World) from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. to provide a stronger lead-in for its 5 p.m. newscast. Jeopardy! would move to 7:00 p.m. as

970-456: A lead-in for The New Hollywood Squares (which had held its own against Wheel on WCBS in the ratings), ABC World News Tonight was moved from 7:00 p.m. to 6:30 p.m., and WABC cut its 6 p.m. newscast to a half hour. The new scheduling proved successful for WABC, and prompted other stations (including WCBS and WNBC) to adopt a similar pattern—eventually making it commonplace. The ABC owned-and-operated stations later acquired

1067-656: A long period of time without losing its cultural relevance. Game shows , variety shows , Saturday morning cartoons , and to a lesser extent, newsmagazines , tabloid talk shows , and late-night talk shows (often in edited form) have been seen less commonly in reruns; game shows can quickly become dated because of inflation , while talk shows often draw humor from contemporary events. Tabloid talk shows, with episode archives of thousands of episodes, tend to do well in reruns compared to talk shows without an element of conflict. Newsmagazines, especially those that focus on evergreen stories such as true crime , are easily repackaged for

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1164-457: A news magazine that CBS had run in irregular timeslots since its inception in 1968, was designated as the replacement, beginning on December 7. By the end of the season in early 1976, it had become the top-rated program on Sunday nights, a highly unusual occurrence at the time for a news-based broadcast. Its main competition in the early years was NBC's long-running The Wonderful World of Disney , which appealed to family viewers, having moved ahead

1261-555: A notation if an episode is new -"(N)", with reruns getting no notation. Reruns are often carried by Canadian broadcasters in much the same way as they are in the United States, especially on specialty television channels that rely largely on off-network or library rights to programs (and in many cases, may originate little to no first run programming of their own). Reruns of a broadcaster's own library programs are often used to comply with Canadian content regulations enforced by

1358-499: A primetime lineup on Sunday nights. Unlike its previous effort to program that night from the network's launch in September 2006 (a byproduct of originally adopting co-predecessor The WB 's 30-hour weekly base schedule upon The CW's launch) until it ceded the timeslot to its affiliates in September 2009, The CW opted to only to offer programming during the "common prime" slot (8 to 10 pm. ET/PT) offered on weekdays and Saturdays by

1455-924: A program more than once. Seasonal programming such as How the Grinch Stole Christmas , The Ten Commandments , It's A Wonderful Life , or the Charlie Brown television specials are normally reshown each year, for the appropriate holiday season . A television program goes into syndication when many episodes of the program are sold as a package. Generally, the buyer is either a cable channel or an owner of local television stations. Often, programs are not particularly profitable until they are sold for syndication. Since local television stations often need to sell more commercial airtime than network affiliates , syndicated shows are usually edited to make room for extra commercials. Often, about 100 episodes (four to five seasons' worth) are required for

1552-411: A public-affairs or educational orientation, particularly in the 7:30 p.m. time slot on weekdays and Saturdays. In practice, the weekday and Saturday access slot was often used for first-run syndicated game shows ; they were often "nighttime" versions of network daytime game shows, usually with different hosts and higher prize budgets to differentiate them from the network versions (such as The Price

1649-546: A rights fee. Free ad-supported streaming television (FAST) relies on the barter model for its revenue. With the growing availability of cable and satellite television channels, as well as over-the-air digital subchannels , combined with a growing body of available postsyndication programming, a handful of specialty channels have been built solely or primarily to run former network programming, which otherwise would no longer be in syndication. Branded as "classic television", these often carry reruns of programming dating back to

1746-721: A season similar to the American format. As in the U.S., fewer new episodes are made during the summer. Until recently, the BBC , ITV and Channel 4 commonly repeated classic shows from their archives, but this has more or less dried up in favor of newer (and cheaper) formats such as reality shows, except on the BBC, where older BBC shows, especially sitcoms , including Dad's Army and Fawlty Towers , are frequently repeated. Syndication did not exist as such in United Kingdom until

1843-475: A time slot for a year without rerunning any episode more than once) in the 1970s. Specials typically pad out the remainder of the schedule. Often, if a television special such as Peter Pan or a network television broadcast of a classic film such as The Wizard of Oz is especially well received, it will be rerun from time to time. Before the VCR era, this would be the only opportunity audiences had of seeing

1940-594: A two-year absence due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Preliminary attendance figures indicated the show attracted more than 50,000 visitors from 155 countries. In 1952, the NAB created the Code of Practices for Television Broadcasters , which banned profanity, the negative portrayal of family life, irreverence for God and religion, illicit sex, drunkenness and biochemical addiction, presentation of cruelty, detailed techniques of crime,

2037-412: A weekly series to be rerun in daily syndication (at least four times a week). Very popular series running more than four seasons may start daily reruns of the first seasons, while production and airings continue of the current season's episodes; until around the early 1980s, shows that aired in syndication while still in production had the reruns aired under an alternate name (or multiple alternate names, as

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2134-521: Is Right with Dennis James ; CBS had passed on James in favor of Bob Barker to host the daytime version), as well as revivals of former network shows such as To Tell the Truth ( Garry Moore ) and Truth or Consequences (Bob Barker) . Many of the game shows were distributed by companies that before 1971 had been subsidiaries owned by the networks (such as the former CBS property Viacom and former ABC property Worldvision Enterprises ) and packaged by

2231-452: Is a weekly rerun that is broadcast on a Sunday afternoon on the original channel/network. It only broadcasts the past week's episodes back-to-back. When used to refer to the rebroadcast of a single episode, Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz are generally credited as the inventors of the rerun. It was first used for the American television series I Love Lucy (1951–57) during Ball's pregnancy. Prior to I Love Lucy rerunning its episodes during

2328-447: Is broadcast. The term "rerun" can also be used in some respects as a synonym for " reprint ", the equivalent term for print items; this is especially true for print items that are part of ongoing series such as comic strips . ( Peanuts , for instance, has been in reruns since the retirement and death of creator Charles M. Schulz ). In South Africa , reruns of the daily soap opera 7de Laan and others are called an omnibus. The omnibus

2425-785: Is the NAB Show . It typically draws over 100,000 industry professionals. NAB also manages the NAB Radio Show which is held each autumn and draws over 3,000 radio professionals. At the 2010 and 2011 NAB shows, popular technology included stereoscopic video and editing software—a demand inspired by James Cameron's Avatar ; point-of-view cameras, and DSLR cameras boasting shallow Depth of Field. Other strides in nonlinear editing technology included archival film restoration, digital audio mixing improvements, motion stabilization of hand-held footage and rotoscoping with one click. The annual NAB Show returned to Las Vegas April 23-27, 2022, after

2522-408: Is the preferred term for an entire series/season. A "repeat" is a single episode of a series that is broadcast outside its original timeslot on the same channel/network. The episode is usually the "repeat" of the scheduled episode that was broadcast in the original timeslot earlier the previous week. It allows viewers who were not able to watch the show in its timeslot to catch up before the next episode

2619-473: The CRTC , requiring that a minimum of the broadcaster's programming be dedicated to programming that is produced by Canadians. In the United Kingdom, most drama and comedy series run for shorter seasons – typically six, seven, or thirteen episodes – and are then replaced by others. An exception is soap operas , which are either on all year-round (for example, EastEnders and Coronation Street ), or are on for

2716-1386: The Hallmark Channel . Equity Media Holdings had been using low-power television stations to carry its own Retro Television Network in various markets; those stations were, as a result of Equity going bankrupt, sold to religious broadcaster Daystar Television Network . Since the early 2010s, the growth of digital subchannel networks has allowed for increasing specialization of these classic networks: in addition to general-interest program networks such as MeTV , MeTV+ , getTV , Antenna TV and Rewind TV , there exist networks solely for comedies ( Catchy Comedy and Laff ), game shows ( Buzzr ), ethnic-oriented programs ( Bounce TV and TheGrio ), lifestyle and reality programming ( Story Television , TBD , TrueReal , Defy TV , Twist , and Quest ), westerns ( Grit , and Heroes & Icons ), music programming ( Circle ), sports programming ( Stadium and SportsGrid ), sci-fi and action programming ( Comet and Charge! ), true crime and court programming ( True Crime Network , Court TV , Ion Mystery , and Start TV ), news programming ( Newsy ), and feature films ( Movies! , and This TV ). Traditionally, shows most likely to be rerun in this manner are scripted comedies and dramas. Such shows are more likely to be considered evergreen content that can be rerun for

2813-639: The Hampton, GA 2024 round that ended with a dramatic finish, in order to lead into their primetime programming. Before that, the 7 p.m. hour on Fox was used similarly to that of the Friday night death slot on all of the networks, as several shows near the end of their runs (such as Malcolm in the Middle , Family Guy and Futurama ) were assigned to air in the time period but ultimately got preempted by Fox's NFL coverage. This tradition has continued during

2910-795: The Nixon Administration and its sympathizers in the FCC (and the U.S. Congress ) to deprive them of ad revenues, as a political retaliation against their news divisions' generally adverse coverage of the White House 's policies on the Vietnam War and against the social turbulence of the time. Also, ABC, CBS, and NBC were especially sensitive to declining ad sales due to the Federal Government's prohibition of broadcast cigarette advertising (with loopholes permitting other tobacco products to continue commercials until

3007-469: The West Coast . These kinescopes, along with previously filmed shows, and later, videotape , paved the way for extensive reruns of syndicated television series. In the United States, currently running shows rerun older episodes from the same season to fill the time slot with the same program during the "off-season" period when no new episodes are being made. Shows tend to start rerunning episodes after

Prime Time Access Rule - Misplaced Pages Continue

3104-654: The black-and-white television era and are promoted as nostalgia. The corresponding radio format would be that of an oldies , classic rock , classic hits , or adult standards station. Depending on the programs chosen for a classic network, running the format can be very inexpensive, due to many shows beginning to fall into the public domain . On cable and satellite, channels that devote at least some of their program schedule to postsyndication reruns include Nick at Nite , TV Land , TBS , USA Network , WGN America , Logo TV , Pop , Discovery Family , Game Show Network , Boomerang , Nicktoons , INSP , fetv , RFD-TV , and

3201-422: The longest-running first-run syndicated programs —such as Entertainment Tonight, Wheel of Fortune , and Jeopardy!— are still often broadcast in the "prime access hour", and have earned audiences equal to or greater than many network shows. Though the syndicators who distribute those shows are now also owned by the same networks (all three of the mentioned programs are distributed by the syndication arm of CBS ),

3298-415: The " rural purge "—in an attempt to revamp their lineups. The networks aimed to appeal more to younger, urban and suburban viewers with more disposable income and less product brand loyalty than older, non-metropolitan Americans—two things advertisers of the time strongly desired. The FCC and supporters of the ruling had hoped, at least publicly, that stations would make every effort to air programs of either

3395-442: The 1980s and beyond, it is still expensive to repeat archive television series on British terrestrial television , as new contracts have to be drawn up and payments made to the artists concerned. Repeats on multichannel television are cheaper, as are reshowings of newer programs covered by less strict repeat clauses. However, programs are no longer destroyed, as the historical and cultural reasons for keeping them have now been seen and

3492-565: The 1980s) in January 1971, once a lucrative source of revenue, and the beginning of the recessions that would plague the next dozen years after that. As such, the networks resolved to agitate for either outright repeal of PTAR or to get back one or more nights per week of the time lost in 1971. The window of opportunity for that opened when Richard Nixon left office in 1974 due to the Watergate scandal . During that time, Nixon's animosity toward

3589-510: The 1990s made preservation far more economical) and the Copyright Act of 1976 extended copyright terms to much longer lengths, eliminating the need for renewal. Once a series is no longer performing well enough to be sold in syndication, it may still remain in barter syndication, in which television stations are offered the program for free in exchange for a requirement to air additional advertisements (without compensation) bundled with

3686-551: The 7:00 p.m. slot to form a full " prime access hour ". Even with the repeal of the PTAR, the Big Three networks did not reclaim the 7:00 p.m. hour on weekdays in part because the repeal of fin-syn allowed the networks to purchase the syndicators who were filling the airtime, meaning they would profit either way; they have largely maintained a status quo in the time periods to avoid confusing (and losing) viewers by changing

3783-661: The Administration's Digital-to-Analog Converter Box Coupon Program . The NAB has lobbied against the use of white spaces , unused broadcast spectrum lying between broadcast channels, for wireless broadband internet and other digital use. The NAB has claimed that use of white space will interfere with existing broadcast spectrum, even though tests by the Federal Communications Commission at levels far stronger than that being advocated for in policy circles have not supported such claims. Indeed,

3880-467: The American media was discredited due to revelations of his and his associates' abuse of power which, in turn, vindicated to many Americans (though not all) the critical stance the networks appeared to take toward him over the years. With a more media-friendly president, Gerald Ford , in office, and probably new appointees on the FCC, the networks thus gained leverage to attempt to restore their lost air time. In Ford's first year in office, it happened through

3977-577: The Association for Maximum Service Television Stations, Inc. (MSTV), commenced development of a prototype high quality, low cost digital-to-analog converter box for terrestrial digital television reception. The result of this project was a specification for the converter box, which was then adopted by the National Telecommunications and Information Administration as a technical requirement for eligible converter boxes for

Prime Time Access Rule - Misplaced Pages Continue

4074-477: The Best Sitcoms ever. In 2019, the series was ranked 6th on The Guardian ' s list of the 100 best TV shows of the 21st century. Early on in the history of British television, agreements with the actors' union Equity and other trade bodies limited the number of times a single program could be broadcast, usually only twice, and these showings were limited to within a set time period such as five years. This

4171-419: The FCC has recommended the use of white spaces for broadband and other digital use. In 2011 the NAB funded an advertising campaign titled "The Future of TV", advocating for the private ownership of the spectrum, framed as a threat to free television. In mid-2014, an NAB advertising campaign against a Congressional threat appeared, advocating viewers to defeat a cable-TV lobby. NAB's annual spring convention

4268-506: The FCC, which deemed it to be no longer necessary. The regulations had a major impact on the television industry, with some of its effects still felt in the present day: the PTAR moved the traditional start of prime time programming on the Big Three networks on weekdays and Saturdays from 7:30 p.m. to 8:00 p.m.—a scheduling pattern that has remained to this day, and was adopted by later entrants such as Fox and The CW . The PTAR

4365-526: The NFL broadcasting contracts require its games to air in their entirety (this happened as a result of the infamous " Heidi Game " in November 1968, in which NBC cut away from an Oakland Raiders - New York Jets game to air the television film Heidi , prior to a Raiders' comeback late in the fourth quarter). While CBS shifts its Sunday evening schedule to start after its NFL coverage concludes, Fox has utilized

4462-420: The November sweeps period (the ratings that determine the cost of a commercial run during that time slot), and usually show only reruns from mid-December until mid-January or even February sweeps . This winter (or "mid-season") phase is also used to try out new shows that did not make it onto the fall schedule to see how they fare with the public. These series usually run six to 13 episodes. If they do well with

4559-492: The PTAR applied for live sports telecasts that overran into the access slots, and "special news, documentary and children's programming, and certain sports and network programming of a special nature". With fewer time slots available, networks issued a higher-than-normal number of cancellations in the summer of 1971. The networks, CBS in particular, disproportionately removed shows that were popular among rural and older audiences as part of their cancellations—a phenomenon known as

4656-399: The PTAR, which prohibited the major networks from owning their prime time programs or having co-owned syndication divisions. The PTAR was partially loosened in 1975, allowing the networks to re-claim an hour of programming it had lost on Sunday evenings, provided that the 7:00 p.m. hour be used to schedule either news-based or family-oriented programming. In 1996, the PTAR was repealed by

4753-593: The PTAR, with Hee Haw , Welk , and the newly established Soul Train (which focused on R&B , soul , and hip hop music targeting an African American audience) usually airing on Saturday nights. Some stations used the timeslot to present a locally produced newsmagazine; KSL-TV in Salt Lake City aired such a program—fittingly titled Prime Time Access ( PTA )—until 1988. Television critics almost uniformly denounced PTAR, holding that its stated aim to improve and diversify programming had backfired (i.e.,

4850-593: The UK (for example, Gold ) repackage and rebroadcast "classic" programming from both sides of the Atlantic. Some of these channels, like their U.S. counterparts, make commercial timing cuts; others get around this by running shows in longer time slots, and critics of timing cuts see no reason why all channels should not do the same. It has been common practice by networks, notably the BBC, to rerun some series after they have not fared particularly well on their original run. This

4947-429: The aforementioned Dateline NBC ). Such programs are usually either reruns of shows that have aired in weekday Primetime which are re-edited to conform to the standards of the time slot, or theatrical films intended for family viewing (such as animated films). Even today, some networks still air aural and/or visual bumpers (i.e. "We'll return after these messages") in the 7/6 p.m. timeslot for younger viewers to understand

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5044-515: The arrival of satellite , cable, and later, from 1998 on, digital television, although many ITV programs up to the early 1990s, particularly imported programming, were syndicated in the sense that each ITV region bought some programs independently of the ITV Network, and in particular many programs out of primetime made by smaller ITV stations were "part-networked" where some regions would show them and others would not. Nowadays, many channels in

5141-501: The conventional broadcast networks that have launched on U.S. television since Fox's expansion to include prime time program offerings in April 1987. This move marked the first such instance of a major U.S. television network not programming that hour since the 1975 PTAR revision was implemented. By the early 1980s, the weeknight PTAR slots had changed from a predominance of weekly game shows and feature programming and sitcom reruns (many in

5238-444: The copyright expired; many shows did not even have their copyrights renewed and others were systematically destroyed , such was the lack of awareness of the potential for revenue from them. This situation went unchanged until the mid-1970s, when contracts for new shows extended residual payments for the performers, regardless of the number of reruns, while tape recycling effectively came to an end (rapid advancements in digital video in

5335-571: The cost to maintain archives is now far less, even if the programs have little or no repeat value. National Association of Broadcasters The National Association of Broadcasters ( NAB ) is a trade association and lobby group representing the interests of commercial and non-commercial over-the-air radio and television broadcasters in the United States . The NAB represents more than 8,300 terrestrial radio and television stations as well as broadcast networks . As of 2022,

5432-426: The difference between a program and a commercial (as if the show aired on Saturday mornings)—such bumpers, one of the original requirements of the timeslot, are not required for news and information programs such as the aforementioned 60 Minutes and Dateline NBC , since those shows are mainly watched by an adult audience. The slot has been used by the networks to broadcast run-over programming from NFL games, since

5529-534: The diversity of programs available to the public, especially in the evening hours when most households were watching. To ensure that independent companies would have access, the Financial Interest and Syndication Rules (commonly known as "fin-syn") were instituted at the same time by the FCC. This prohibited networks from owning syndication arms. Networks that did operate existing syndication divisions were forced to divest them, converting them into new companies independent from network management (such as Viacom , which

5626-412: The final game ends, since NFL games with a 4:25 p.m. (Eastern) start time almost always end by 8 p.m., even if the game goes into overtime . Fox has continued the practice for NASCAR Cup Series races, where most of their races on the schedule start after 3 p.m. ET in order to ensure the finish of the race will finish just before or enter into the 7 p.m. hour (such as their West Coast races,

5723-436: The first eight weeks of the season to allow for a full pregame show for Thursday Night Football , a move which was emulated for NBC and Fox's carriage of the same package. Smaller networks such as Pax TV launched with full 24-hour schedules after the rule change. Some networks, though, had programmed the access hour even while the rule was still in effect, particularly Spanish-language networks that hold responsibility for

5820-491: The first run as people who had missed the first airing a month prior tuned in to catch the reairing. In the United States , most television shows from the late 1940s and early 1950s were performed live, and in many cases, they were never recorded. However, television networks in the United States began making kinescope recordings of shows broadcast live from the East Coast . This allowed the show to be broadcast later for

5917-522: The free program during other shows (barter syndication is far more common, if not the norm, in radio, where only the most popular programs charge rights fees). The Program Exchange was once the most prominent barter syndicator in United States television, offering mostly older series from numerous network libraries. Barter syndicated series may be seen on smaller, independent stations with small budgets or as short-term filler on larger stations; they tend not to be as widely syndicated as programs syndicated with

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6014-479: The group split off in 1941. Many satellite radio enthusiasts have criticized the NAB for lobbying against legislation approvals for those services. The NAB protested the FCC's approval of both satellite radio services in the United States— XM and Sirius —and furthermore criticized the 2008 merger of the two companies , calling the merged company a "potential monopoly ". In 2005, the NAB, together with

6111-491: The largest potential audience was Sunday, due to competing forms of entertainment (e.g., movie theaters, nightclubs) being mostly closed on that night in much of the country because of long-standing religious-inspired blue laws , and the networks, if forced to choose only one day of the week for restoration, would certainly choose it. The Sunday return of network time came with one overweening condition: programs between 7 and 8 (6 to 7 Central) or, if necessary, beyond 8/7 Central if

6208-406: The late 1990s primarily due to lack of demand, which had only a DVD set of the first and second seasons released due to the expensiveness of relicensing songs used in later seasons of the series that are performed by the show's two lead characters . In some cases, series whose later season releases have been held up for these reasons may have the remaining seasons made available on DVD, often after

6305-638: The latter category moving to independent stations), to nightly versions of games such as Family Feud and Tic Tac Dough and magazine-format programs such as the Group W -founded PM Magazine , and Entertainment Tonight . This transition bolstered viewer interest and station revenues, meaning that the networks were extremely reluctant to upset affiliate relations by attempting to scale back PTAR further. A syndicated version of Merv Griffin 's NBC daytime game show Wheel of Fortune —distributed by King World Entertainment —premiered in 1983; initially airing in

6402-480: The majority of their affiliates' programming schedules, such as Univision and Telemundo . Rerun A rerun or repeat is a rebroadcast of an episode of a radio or television program . The two types of reruns are those that occur during a hiatus and those that occur when a program is syndicated . In the United Kingdom , the word "repeat" refers only to a single episode; "rerun" or "rerunning"

6499-455: The network airs Football Night in America in the slot as a pre-game show to its NBC Sunday Night Football broadcasts, and starting in January 2026, Basketball Night in America before its NBC Sunday Night Basketball NBA games. During most of the winter and spring, NBC (as well as ABC and Fox) has aired programming in this time slot that is not a news or information program (such as

6596-434: The networks other than CBS. Because of realignment, CBS was relegated into minor-network status, and lost its lead-in to 60 Minutes . ABC has programmed America's Funniest Home Videos in the slot for much of the time since 1993 (except for a period from 1997 to 2002, when ABC broadcast The Wonderful World of Disney in the 7:00 p.m. hour, where NBC had carried it in the late 1970s), while CBS has shown 60 Minutes in

6693-418: The off-season, with the most recent examples of shows burned off on Sundays at the 7 p.m. half-hour being 'Til Death and Sons of Tucson during the spring and summer of 2010, and Mulaney in 2014. Often, reruns of programming from earlier in the week are used as expendible programming in case an NFL or NASCAR event creeps past the 7 p.m. ET hour. On October 7, 2018, The CW resumed programming

6790-656: The president and CEO of the NAB is Curtis LeGeyt. The NAB was founded as the National Association of Radio Broadcasters ( NARB ) in April 1923 at the Drake Hotel in Chicago . The association's founder and first president was Eugene F. McDonald Jr. , who also launched the Zenith corporation . In 1951 it changed its name to the National Association of Radio and Television Broadcasters ( NARTB ) to include

6887-442: The prior season between the end of that season and the beginning of the next. Some television programs that are released on DVD (particularly those that have been out of production for several years) may not have all of the seasons released, either due to poor overall sales or prohibitive costs for obtaining rights to music used in the program; one such incidence is Perfect Strangers , which has seldom been in wide syndication since

6984-407: The public, they may get a renewal for a half (13 weeks) or full season in the new schedule. Shows that are already popular return from February sweeps until the end of the season (which sometimes ends before May sweeps) with only limited reruns used. The number of episodes per season, originally well over 30 episodes during the 1950s and 1960s, dropped below 26 (the number of episodes required to fill

7081-490: The quality and future potential of radio broadcasting. Not having the political connections, resources, or publicity of the NAB and the commercial radio industry, the non-profit coalition eventually lost the fight with the passage of the Communications Act of 1934 . The National Independent Broadcasters were formed in 1939 as part of the NAB, to represent stations that were not associated with any network, but

7178-465: The rights to both Wheel and Jeopardy! , where they have aired ever since. The PTAR was eliminated on August 30, 1996, the commission having determined it was "no longer necessary" as a tool to promote independent production or affiliate autonomy. The major networks did not reclaim the traditional access period in early primetime due to pressure from affiliates to retain control of one of the more profitable parts of their programming schedules. Several of

7275-474: The same issues reality shows face, have found a niche on multichannel television and free ad-supported streaming television. With the rise of the DVD video format, box sets featuring season or series runs of television series have become an increasingly important retail item. Some view this development as a rising new idea in the industry of reruns as an increasingly major revenue source in themselves instead of

7372-518: The same production companies at the same studios as their daytime counterparts. Depending on the frequency of their production, those shows were aired either on a weekly basis, (allowing a different program to air each night, not unlike the networks' own schedule), or as a daily "strip". After their cancellations in the "rural purge", series such as Lassie , Hee Haw , and The Lawrence Welk Show successfully migrated to first-run syndication. All three shows often aired in fringe timeslots created by

7469-468: The schedules of established syndicated hits. The PTAR was issued in 1970 and was implemented at the beginning of the 1971–1972 television season (the week of September 13–19, 1971). It was re-examined periodically, and it underwent several modifications since its initial implementation. The PTAR was instituted over a stated concern, by television-reform activists and other parties, that the three major television networks ( ABC , CBS , and NBC ) dominated

7566-621: The selection of material relating to violence, drug abuse, and sex. On March 1, 2022 the NAB called "on broadcasters to cease carrying any state-sponsored programming with ties to the Russian government" in response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine the week prior. The NAB presents several annual awards: Organizations similar to the NAB exist in individual U.S. states , including Georgia Association of Broadcasters (GAB) in Georgia , and

7663-451: The show continued, had to either have news/informational content or appeal primarily to a family audience with children, meaning that adult subject matter (especially sexuality and violence) was not permitted during that time period. Beginning on September 14, 1975, CBS debuted a family drama, Three for the Road , at 7 p.m. That show ran only 12 episodes before being canceled. 60 Minutes ,

7760-562: The slot consistently since 1975 except on very rare occasions, usually years when CBS has the rights to the Super Bowl or the AFC Championship Game, which kicks off at approximately 6:30 p.m. (5:30 Central); prior to 1978, the contest aired on a Sunday afternoon in January. NBC has mostly broadcast Dateline NBC in the slot since 1996, though since regaining NFL broadcasting rights in 2006, during football season

7857-401: The standard business model as a draw for audiences for advertising. While there were videotape releases of television series before DVD, the format's limited content capacity, large size and reliance on mechanical winding made it impractical as a widespread retail item. Many series which continue to air first-run episodes (such as Modern Family and Grey's Anatomy ) may release DVD sets of

7954-405: The substituted programming basically circumvented the purpose of the ruling since most of the shows were not particularly original) due to economic realities, things they and others felt the FCC had not taken into consideration when enacting the regulation. Needless to say, the networks were not pleased with the results, either, believing the true motivation behind PTAR was nothing more than a plot by

8051-442: The summer, shows typically went on a summer hiatus and were replaced with summer replacements, generally lower-priority programs; this strategy has seen increased use in the 21st century as fewer episodes have been produced each season and in-season reruns have increased. Rod Serling 's 1955 teleplay Patterns was credited with proving reruns' viability. Buoyed by strong word of mouth , the rerun of Patterns drew more viewers than

8148-574: The syndication market, which (along with much lower residuals compared to a scripted series with star talent) can also make them cheaper than a first-run program or scripted reruns. Most variants of reality television have proven to be a comparative failure in reruns, due to a number of factors (high cast turnover, loss of the element of surprise, overall hostility toward the format , and lack of media cross-promotion among them); some self-contained and personality-driven reality shows have been successfully rerun. Reruns of sports broadcasts, which face many of

8245-470: The syndicators have historically been resistant to bring the shows in-network, since part of the shows' successes are tied to continuity being on the same channels for decades, even before the networks owned their own syndication deals; a long-standing agreement by King World before CBS acquired it in 2000 has carried over a carriage agreement for Wheel and Jeopardy! to air on the owned-and-operated stations of its rival ABC for that reason. In 2010, Fox

8342-566: The television industry. In 1958 it adopted its current name, "National Association of Broadcasters". The NAB worked to establish a commercial radio system in the United States. The system was set up in August 1928 with the establishment of General Order 40—a radio reallocation scheme by the Federal Radio Commission which awarded the choicest frequencies and broadcast times to the then-emerging commercial radio industry. In

8439-424: The television program production market, controlled much of the programming presented to the public, and inhibited the development of competing program sources, especially independent syndicators and local stations. The FCC believed that PTAR would ultimately increase the level of competition in program production , reduce the networks' control over programming decisions made by their affiliates, and thereby increase

8536-453: The text of PTAR. Regardless of the night of the week, the National Association of Broadcasters instituted a decree that the early evening programs not portray violent, sexual, or profane content unsuitable for younger audiences. This was made in conjunction with the family viewing hour networks were encouraged to program in the hour following access; this decree was ruled to have been made under illegal duress in fall 1976. Exceptions to

8633-478: The use of horror for its own sake, and the negative portrayal of law enforcement officials, among others. It was enforced by a committee appointed by President of the NAB. After the courts struck down the Code as unconstitutional in 1983, the NAB board of directors issued a brief "Statement of Principles of Radio and Television Broadcasters" that encourages broadcasters to "exercise responsible and careful judgment" in

8730-485: The wake of General Order 40, a loose coalition of educators, nonprofit broadcasters, labor unions , and religious groups coalesced to oppose the NAB and their allies through the 1920s and 1930s, and to develop a public, nonprofit, license-funded radio system without commercials (similar to what happened with the BBC). The coalition claimed that the commercial industry would only promote profitable programming, thereby reducing

8827-450: Was a factor in the mass cancellation of various programs popular among older and rural audiences , as the networks sought to target younger audiences more desirable to advertisers. Some of these cancelled shows—such as Hee Haw , Lassie , and The Lawrence Welk Show — resurfaced in first-run syndication, and were often picked up in the slots created by the PTAR. By the mid-1980s, many stations began to also air syndicated programming in

8924-516: Was allowed to present World Series games that started around 7:30 p.m. Eastern Time, presumably under the hope that games would not run into the 11:00 p.m. (Eastern) hour (though in practice, this still consistently occurs despite the early start). In 2012, Fox did the same with the Daytona 500 that was delayed 30 hours by weather, with a 7:00 p.m. Eastern Time start, although that race ended after midnight Eastern Time Tuesday because of

9021-403: Was due to the unions' fear that the channels filling their schedules with repeats could put actors and other production staff out of work as fewer new shows would be made. It also had the unintentional side effect of causing many programs to be junked after their repeat rights had expired, as they were considered to be of no further use by the broadcasters. Although these agreements changed during

9118-554: Was moved to an earlier start), the Masters Tournament has frequently not finished until that hour. The U.S. Open and Men's PGA Championship, depending on the region, also can be overrun into the timeslot, with Pacific Time Zone tournaments allowing networks to run into well past 8 p.m. Since 2005, Fox has aired the post-game show , The OT , in the slot as filler programming between its NFL coverage and The Simpsons at 8 p.m., with its length depending on how late

9215-437: Was originally created by CBS to distribute its content and eventually expanded outside of program syndication and distribution in the succeeding years after the spinoff). Initially, the rule required the commercial networks to cede one half-hour of their nightly programming to their affiliates (or owned-and-operated stations) in the 50 largest markets, Mondays through Saturdays, from 7:30 to 8 p.m. Eastern (6:30 to 7 Central), and

9312-413: Was particularly common with sitcoms such as The Office , which had very low ratings in its first series, as well as a poor reception from both critics and focus groups and was almost cancelled. The series started to gain traction once the BBC decided to repeat it in a different timeslot and The Office went on to be an award-winning and critically acclaimed show which has regularly featured in lists of

9409-399: Was the case with Death Valley Days ) to differentiate the reruns from the first-run episodes. Few people anticipated the long life that a popular television series would eventually have in syndication, so most performers signed contracts that limited residual payments to about six repeats. After that, the actors received nothing and the production company would keep 100% of any income until

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