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44-707: The name Queqiao ("Magpie Bridge") was inspired by and came from the Chinese tale The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl . Queqiao was designed to function as a communication relay for the Chang'e 4 mission to the far side of the Moon, as well as a deep space radio astronomy observatory for the Chinese space program . Direct communication with Earth is impossible on the far side of the Moon , since transmissions are blocked by

88-551: A gravity assist at the Moon to save propellant. On 14 June 2018, Queqiao finished its final adjustment burn and entered the mission orbit, about 65,000 kilometres (40,000 mi) from the Moon. This is the first lunar relay satellite ever placed in this location. In addition to its communication relay equipment, Queqiao carries the Netherlands-China Low Frequency Explorer (NCLE), a radio-astronomy experiment to detect faint radio signals from

132-895: A group of American missionaries in 1888. The university has the largest affiliated hospital system in China, including Sun Yat-sen University First Hospital, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital (or Sun Yat-sen University Second Hospital), Sun Yat-sen University Third Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Fourth Hospital (has merged into the First Hospital), Sun Yat-sen University Fifth Hospital (or Zhuhai Hospital), Sun Yat-sen University Sixth Hospital (or Sun Yat-sen University Gastrointestinal & Anal Hospital), Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University Stomatologic Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Ophthalmologic Center, Sun Yat-sen University Seventh Hospital (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University Eighth Hospital (Shenzhen). All eight general hospitals,

176-641: A pilot study for the TianQin gravitational-wave observatory project. A pair of scientific microsatellites, Longjiang-1 and Longjiang-2 , has been launched with the Queqiao as a secondary payload. The microsatellites weigh 45 kg each and measure 50x50x40 centimeters. Developed at the Harbin Institute of Technology , the microsatellites were to fly in formation in a 300x3000 km orbit to perform ultra-long-wavelength astronomical interferometry. Contact

220-626: A satellite in orbit not around the Moon itself, but around an equilibrium point of the Earth-Moon system on the far side of the Moon (L 2 ) becomes an attractive option. The types of orbits near the equilibrium points, include Lyapunov orbits , halo orbits , Lissajous orbits , and quasi-halo orbits . Lyapunov orbits pass behind the Moon, restricting communication opportunities with Earth for long periods of time, and as such were not considered. Lissajous orbits require less stationkeeping than halo orbits, but suffer from occasionally passing behind

264-762: Is located at Tang Jia Wan, Zhuhai City, and covers an area of 3.48 square kilometers. Freshmen and sophomores of some disciplines in liberal arts, natural sciences, and medical sciences are currently living and studying on campus with students from the School of Network Education and Continuing Education. Add: Tang Jia Wan, Zhuhai 519082, P. R. China The Shenzhen Campus is located at Guangming District in Shenzhen City, and covers an area of 3.217 square kilometers, it's under construction from 2016 and proposed to open at September 2018. Since 2017, at least 36 billionaires graduated from Sun Yat-sen University, putting it

308-763: Is located at the north end of the Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center in Xiaoguwei, Panyu, and covers an area of 1.13 square kilometers. The Guangzhou University City is a major development made by the People's Government of Guangdong Province in an effort to implement the strategy of building Guangdong through science and education. The first batch of students started school there in September 2004. Add: Xiaoguwei Island, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China The Zhuhai Campus

352-596: Is located in Haizhu District, Guangzhou, and covers a total area of 1.17 square kilometers. It mainly hosts disciplines in sciences and humanities. Add: No. 135, Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China The North Campus is located in Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, and covers an area of 0.39 square kilometers. It is a campus mainly for disciplines in medical sciences. Add: No. 74, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510085, P. R. China The East Campus

396-700: Is now one of the top schools of economics and management in China. Sun Yat-sen University is ranked as one of the top universities in China by all the most influential and widely observed international university rankings, for example, #7 nationwide in Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2015, #6 nationwide in the Academic Ranking of World Universities 2015, and #8 nationwide in U.S. News Global University Ranking 2015. The Times Higher Education 2011 placed Sun Yat-sen University 171st in

440-702: Is one of the largest in China. By December 2012, it held more than 6 million paper volumes, including periodicals. In June 2005, Harvard College Library of Harvard University donated 158,000 volumes in Hilles Library to Sun Yat-sen University. Developed over a century, the collection is composed of titles in the humanities and social sciences, primarily in English, but also in Western foreign languages. Sun Yat-sen University has established five Confucius Institutes since 2006: According to statistics of

484-507: Is the first and leading advanced ophthalmic center and the last resort for advanced eye care in China, integrating eye care, teaching, eye research and blindness prevention. It is also one of the 20 largest general ophthalmic centers in the world. In 2006, Sun Yat-sen University Ophthalmic Center was approved to be the State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, the only one of its kind in China. The university's system of libraries

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528-621: The Academic Ranking of World Universities , #106 by U.S. News Global University Ranking , #113 by Center for World University Rankings , #267 by QS World University Rankings , and #201 by Times Higher Education . Regarding scientific research output, the Nature Index 2024 ranked SYSU the No. 7 university in the Asia Pacific region, and 8th in the world among the global universities. The 2023 CWTS Leiden Ranking ranked SYSU 9th in

572-656: The Ministry of Education , and co-funded by the Ministry of Education, SASTIND , and Guangdong Provincial Government. The university is part of Project 211 , Project 985 , and the Double First-Class Construction . The university was founded in 1924 by and named after Sun Yat-sen , a revolutionary and the founder of the Republic of China . The university's main campus, commonly referred to as

616-1047: The Essential Science Indicators (ESI) database from January 2003 to February 2013, the total number of citations of papers in 15 disciplines of Sun Yat-sen University entered global top 1%. Following Peking University , Sun Yat-sen University ranked 2nd in universities in China, tied with Fudan University , Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Zhejiang University . The 15 disciplines include Chemistry, Clinical Medicine, Physics, Biology and Biochemistry, Materials Science, Molecular Biology & Genetics, Engineering, Plant and Animal Science, Environment/Ecology, Pharmacology & Toxicology, Neuroscience & Behavior, Mathematics, Microbiology, Agricultural Sciences, and Social Sciences, General. Nature Publishing Index shows both Research Articles (Articles, Letters & Brief Communications) and Reviews, published in Nature and/or Nature research journals. The rankings are based on

660-467: The Faculty of Natural Sciences, the Faculty of Engineering, the Faculty of Information Science and Technology, and the Faculty of Medicine. These schools are spread across five campuses. Since 2015, Lingnan (University) college is also triple-accredited by AACSB , EQUIS and AMBA . The college is originated from Lingnan University (Chinese: 岭南大学 ), a renowned private university established by

704-688: The Foreign Missions Board of the Presbyterian Church (USA) , with the support of the Lafayette Avenue Presbyterian Church of Brooklyn, New York, of which David Gregg was pastor The college was dedicated in 1902 and offered a four-year medical curriculum. At the end of 1932, the medical center was registered and put under the control of the Chinese government. Furthermore, it affiliated with Guangzhou Hospital and Lingnan University to form

748-416: The Moon as well. Their non-periodicity–a trait shared with quasi-halo orbits–further complicates maintaining the pointing of antennas and solar arrays. Thus a halo orbit was chosen, at the cost of greater stationkeeping expense. An L 2 halo orbit as a communications relay for an Apollo mission to the far side of the Moon was first suggested in 1966 by Robert W. Farquhar . In the end, no relay satellite

792-479: The Moon. Communications must go through a communications relay satellite , which is placed at a location that has a clear view of both the landing site and the Earth. A circular orbit, while easy to achieve, would periodically carry the satellite out of sight of either the lander or the Earth. A constellation of multiple satellites can solve this problem at the cost of greater expense and risk. With this in mind, placing

836-519: The South Campus, is located in Haizhu , Guangzhou, inheriting the campus from the former Lingnan University (est. 1888). The university has five campuses in the three cities of Guangzhou, Zhuhai and Shenzhen , and ten affiliated hospitals. The SYSU organised centennial celebration conference on November 12, 2024 where a number of initiatives were announced for the furue. Originally, each of

880-780: The Sun Yat-Sen Medical College in 1936. Lingnan University was incorporated into Sun Yat-sen University in 1953 under the order of the Communist Party's government. Members of the university moved to Hong Kong and founded the Lingnan School in Wan Chai in 1967, which was relocated to Tuen Mun in the mid-1990s and renamed Lingnan University in 1999. In 1988, Lingnan College was reestablished within Sun Yat-sen University and

924-746: The Sun Yat-sen Universities were adopted a statism educational model, ( 中山大學模式 ) and based on Sun Yat-sen 's political philosophy , present-day Sun Yat-sen University is the result of multiple mergers as well as splits and restructurings that have involved more than a dozen academic institutions over time. The most recent merger happened in 2001, when Sun Yat-sen University of Medical Science merged with Sun Yat-sen University and became Sun Yat-sen College of Medical Science. In 1924, Sun Yat-sen founded National Kwangtung University ( 國立廣東大學 ) in Canton and inscribed in his own handwriting

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968-656: The Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center and Sun Yat-sen University Ophthalmology Center are 3A class hospitals. The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University was established in 1910, initially called the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Public Institution of Medicine. As a 3A hospital (the top level in China), the hospital is the largest and the most comprehensive one among all affiliated hospitals of SYSU, as well as one of

1012-552: The Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.133 via cp1102 cp1102, Varnish XID 524449761 Upstream caches: cp1102 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 05:33:46 GMT Sun Yat-sen University Sun Yat-sen University ( 中山大学 ; SYSU ) is a public research university in Guangzhou , Guangdong , China. It is affiliated with

1056-957: The current Nanjing University , Southeast University , and National Central University ). The Nationalist government also planned to organize the National Fifth Sun Yat-sen University in Zhengzhou , but end up naming it as the Henan Provincial Sun Yat-sen University (the current Henan University ). In the 1930s, there were seven schools in the University: the Schools of Arts, Sciences, Law, Engineering, Agricultural Studies, Medicine and Education. In 1935, National Sun Yat-sen University, concurrently with National Tsinghua University and National Peking University , set up

1100-433: The early universe. The instrument is intended to perform a wide range of observations in the low-frequency radio regime, such as studying space weather and characterizing the radio background environment at L 2 . The far side of the Moon is an ideal environment for radio astronomy, because the Moon can shield instruments from man-made radio frequency interference coming from the Earth. While Queqiao's primary mission will keep

1144-418: The end of 2022, Sun Yat-sen University has implemented a three-tier academic governance system consisting of "University-Faculties-Schools(Departments)." As of now, the university comprises a total of 67 schools (including directly affiliated departments and teaching units), which are divided among seven faculties: the Faculty of Humanities, the Faculty of Social Sciences, the Faculty of Economics and Management,

1188-570: The far side of the lunar surface at 14:20 UTC, 31 July 2019. China and Radboud University of Netherland collaborated on the Netherlands-China Low Frequency Explorer (NCLE), a radio-astronomy experiment. China has also agreed to a request from NASA to use the Chang'e 4 probe and Queqiao relay satellite in future U.S. Moon missions. The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl Too Many Requests If you report this error to

1232-502: The first graduate schools in China and began to enroll graduate students. In 1949, the University removed its prefix "National" and has been thereafter referred directly to Sun Yat-sen University ( 中山大学 ). In the 1950s, colleges, schools and departments were readjusted nationwide, and Sun Yat-sen University became a national top-tier comprehensive university with the liberal arts and sciences as its backbone disciplines. One of

1276-421: The instrument constantly in line of sight of the Earth, and expose it to radio interference from the primary communication relay hardware, the accumulated experience and data from NLCE will serve as a pathfinder for future deep space radio astronomy instruments. NLCE successfully deployed its antennas on 27 November 2019. Queqiao is additionally fitted with a laser reflector developed by Sun Yat-sen University as

1320-524: The kidney disease of internal medicine, organ transplant, infectious liver disease, biological medical project and molecular medical science. In 2001, Sun Yat-sen University of Medical Science merged with Sun Yat-sen University and became Sun Yat-sen College of Medical Science. Lingnan University ( Chinese : 嶺南大學 ) was a private university established by Andrew Happer, MD and a group of American missionaries in Guangzhou in 1888. At its founding it

1364-478: The lander and up to 285 kbit/s for the rover. Data transmission to the Earth operates in the S band in BPSK modulation mode, using a single mid-gain helix antenna at a data rate of up to 10 Mbit/s. On 20 May 2018, several months before the Chang'e 4 mission, the Queqiao was launched from Xichang Satellite Launch Center in China, on a Long March 4C rocket. The spacecraft took 24 days to reach L 2 , using

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1408-526: The largest hospitals in the country. Founded as Ophthalmic Hospital in Canton by American Peter Parker in 1835. It originally dealt with diseases of the eye, but later treated other ailments. It later became the Canton Hospital . Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center is a level III (highest rank in China) and class A hospital. It was awarded as “key subject of China” in 2001. In 1980, SYSUCC

1452-408: The lunar surface is accomplished in the X band , using a high-gain 4.2 metres (14 ft) deployable parabolic antenna, the largest antenna used for a deep space exploration satellite. The lunar link uses PCM/PSK/PM modulation in the forward link and BPSK in the backward link. The forward link data rate of the lander and the rover is 125 bit/s. The return link data rate is up to 555 kbit/s for

1496-880: The number of papers that were published during the last 12 months. In time range of 01.07.2013-06.30.2014, Sun Yat-sen University is ranked #5 among Chinese Universities. Sun Yat-sen University has 39 postdoctoral research stations. Sun Yat-sen University publishes altogether 25 scholarly journals, including At present, the university covers a total area of 6.17 square kilometres (2.38 sq mi), and has 5 campuses: Guangzhou South Campus (广州校区南校园) in Haizhu District , Guangzhou North Campus (广州校区北校园) in Yuexiu District , Guangzhou East Campus (广州校区东校园) in Panyu District , Zhuhai Campus (珠海校区), and Shenzhen Campus. The south campus of Sun Yat-sen University

1540-562: The predecessors of the Sun Yat-sen University of Medical Science was the Pok Tsai Medical School, which, founded in 1866, was the earliest institution of learning of western medicine in China, where Sun Yat-sen once studied and engaged in revolutionary activities. The Pok Tsai Medical School evolved into the College of Medicine of Lingnan University in 1936. The Kung Yee Medical School and Hospital in Guangzhou (Canton)

1584-1074: The school motto of "Study Extensively, Enquire Accurately, Reflect Carefully, Discriminate Clearly, Practise Earnestly." After the death of Sun Yat-sen, the Nationalist government that was set up during the first cooperation between the Communists and Nationalists formally decreed to change its name to National Sun Yat-sen University ( 國立中山大學 ) on July 17, 1926, in memory of Sun Yat-sen. In 1926, there were four National Sun Yat-sen Universities: National First Sun Yat-sen University in Canton (the current Sun Yat-sen University), National Second Sun Yat-sen University in Wuhan (the current Wuhan University ), National Third Sun Yat-sen University in Hangzhou (the current Zhejiang University ), National Fourth Sun Yat-sen University in Nanking (the predecessor of

1628-601: The world and 5th in China, and the university is regarded as one of the most reputable Chinese universities by the Times Higher Education World Reputation Rankings where it ranked 151st globally. Sun Yat-sen graduates employability rankings placed at #191 in the world in the QS Graduate Employability Rankings. As of 2024, out of all universities worldwide, the university is ranked #72 by

1672-519: The world by total publications and 40th in the world & 12th in Asia based on the number of their scientific publications belonging to the top 1% in their fields for the time period 2018–2021. Nature Index tracks the affiliations of high-quality scientific articles and presents research outputs by institution and country on monthly basis. Sun Yat-sen University has made several adjustments to its academic departments throughout its history. Starting from

1716-470: Was designated as World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for research on cancer. Since 2003, SYSUCC became a sister institution of the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center . In 2004, SYSUCC has set up a joint laboratory with Karolinska Institutet of Sweden for research in immunotherapy, molecular virology and oncological epidemiology. Sun Yat-sen University Ophthalmologic Center

1760-748: Was founded in 1908. In 1925, the Kung Yee institutions were taken over by the government and became the Medical Department of the National First Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University. In 1953, the Colleges of Medicine in Sun Yat-sen University and Lingnan University merged to form the College of Medicine of South China, which was joined by the Guangdong Guanghua College of Medicine in 1954. The university

1804-577: Was launched for Apollo. Although a number of spacecraft have operated in halo orbits in the Earth-Sun system since then, China was the first to realize Farquhar's original idea of a communications relay satellite in a halo orbit around the Earth-Moon L 2 point. The satellite is based on the Chang'e 2 design. It utilizes the CAST100 small satellite bus with an aluminum honeycomb sandwich plate structure, and several 3D-printed parts. Communication with

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1848-533: Was lost with Longjiang-1 shortly after trans-lunar injection, but Longjiang-2 successfully entered a 350x13700 km altitude lunar orbit on 25 May. Longjiang-2 was equipped with a micro-optical camera provided by King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology , returning color images of the Earth and the lunar surface. On 24 January 2019, Longjiang-2 performed an end-of-mission maneuver, lowering its periapsis to 500 km. The orbit gradually decayed due to gravitational perturbations with the microsatellite impacting

1892-405: Was named Canton Christian College ( 格致書院 ). The Hackett Medical College for Women (夏葛女子醫學院, the first medical college for women in China ) and its affiliated hospital known as David Gregg Hospital for Women and Children ( 柔濟醫院 ), located in Guangzhou, China, were parts of a medical center that was founded by female medical missionary Mary H. Fulton (1854-1927). Fulton was sent by

1936-431: Was renamed Guangzhou College of Medicine and Sun Yat-sen College of Medical Science successively, and finally Sun Yat-sen University of Medical Science in 1985, which has developed steadfastly into a comprehensive medical university with multi-schools and multiple levels, has reached national advanced level and achieved remarkable successes in scientific research in medical genetics, ophthalmology, tumor study, parasite study,

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