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A transverse engine is an engine mounted in a vehicle so that the engine's crankshaft axis is perpendicular to the direction of travel. Many modern front-wheel drive vehicles use this engine mounting configuration. Most rear-wheel drive vehicles use a longitudinal engine configuration, where the engine's crankshaft axis is parallel with the direction of travel, except for some rear-mid engine vehicles, which use a transverse engine and transaxle mounted in the rear instead of the front. Despite typically being used in light vehicles, it is not restricted to such designs and has also been used on armoured fighting vehicles to save interior space.

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47-485: (Redirected from RS-3 ) RS3 or RS-3 may refer to: Vehicles [ edit ] Automobiles [ edit ] Audi RS3 , a 2011–present German compact performance car Baojun RS-3 , a 2019–present Chinese subcompact SUV Other [ edit ] RS3 (sail) , a windsurfing sail ALCO RS-3 , diesel locomotive built by American Locomotive Company and Montreal Locomotive Works Aprilia RS Cube , also known as

94-468: A Bose sound system, boot/trunk or in-dash mounted 6-disc CD changer, metallic paint, 18-inch 9-spoke RSTT wheels, glass sunroof, centre arm rest, privacy glass (B-pillar backwards), auto-dimming rear-view mirror, parking assist, luggage net, heated front seats, cruise control, aluminium door mirror casings and part leather/Alcantara (blue/silver/yellow) combination seat coverings. Some of these items are standard in certain export markets. The engines used in

141-582: A 1.9 L TDI diesel with unit injector "Pumpe Düse" (PD) technology and a variable geometry turbocharger . The four-wheel drive A3 1.8T Quattro used either the 150 PS (110 kW; 148 hp) or 180 PS (132 kW; 178 hp) engine, and the same Haldex Traction -based quattro system as the Audi S3 and Audi TT . In late 2000, the A3 range was updated with new headlights and taillights, an improved interior, and other minor cosmetic changes alongside

188-472: A Euro NCAP rating of 4 out of 5 stars. Their evaluation concluded "the column lock, adjuster lever and bracket presented hazards in the knee impact area for the driver. These could cause high loads on his upper legs and damage to his knees." The A3 also provided minimal protection for pedestrians, and received two stars out of a possible four. Audi released the A3-derived S3 in 1999. Only available as

235-409: A new five-segment spoke design, full Vienna leather upholstery, S line safety and entertainment features with xenon plus headlights with LED daytime running lamps, DVD-based satellite-navigation, Audi Music Interface iPod connection, a BOSE sound system. In January 2007, the naturally-aspirated 2.0 FSI was replaced by a new turbocharged 1.8 TFSI engine rated 160 PS (118 kW; 158 hp). It

282-512: A red rim flange) with 235/35 front and 225/35 rear tires, 370 mm (14.57 in) front and 310 mm (12.20 in) ventilated brake discs, aluminum brake disk covers, four-piston fixed calipers in high-gloss black with RS logos, electronic stabilization program with Sport mode, flared front fenders made of carbon-fibre-reinforced plastic (CFRP), prominent sill panels and exterior-mirror casings in matte aluminum, roof spoiler, high-gloss black diffuser insert, two elliptical exhaust tailpipes on

329-483: A redesigned and more spacious interior, new petrol engines with Fuel Stratified Injection (FSI), and standard six-speed manual gearboxes (except on the base 1.6 petrol and 1.9 diesel). In mid-2003 the line was updated with two sports-oriented models, a 2.0 Turbo-FSI version rated 200 PS (147 kW; 197 hp), and a 3.2 L VR6 engine (for the first time) with 250 PS (184 kW; 247 hp). Haldex Traction-based quattro on-demand four-wheel drive, and

376-938: A smaller four-cylinder engine. The S3's quattro system utilises a Haldex Traction coupling to adjust the bias of torque distribution from the front to rear axle as grip requirements change. Due to this, the S3 typically operates in front-wheel-drive in most conditions The S3 was sold in Europe, Japan, Mexico, South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. In 2002, the S3 received a facelift, receiving revised front wings, rear lights clusters, single-piece headlight and indicator units, and minor interior trim updates. Standard features include xenon HID headlamps with high pressure washers and auto levelers, front fog lamps, 17" "Avus" alloy wheels with 225/45R17 tyres, electrically adjustable Recaro leather seats, climate control, an alarm and electronic stability control with traction control . Options include

423-422: A three-door hatchback, the S3 was powered by a turbocharged 1.8 L 20v inline four-cylinder. Early models (1999–2001) produced 210 PS (154 kW; 207 hp), with later models (2001–2003) receiving variable valve timing which increased output to 225 PS (165 kW; 222 hp). The engine had a maximum torque output of 280 N⋅m (210 ft⋅lbf). The S3 was the first Audi S-series car to utilise

470-680: Is a version of the A3 Cabriolet Sport model for the UK market, commemorating the end of the A3 Cabriolet's production run. It included Vienna leather upholstery, front seat heating, rear parking sensors, automatic headlight and wiper activation, cruise control, a Bluetooth mobile phone interface. S line Final Edition is based on the A3 Cabriolet Sport Final Edition model, with 18-inch S line alloy wheel with

517-432: Is available in front-wheel drive only. In late 2007, Audi introduced a new 125 PS (92 kW; 123 hp) 1.4 L TFSI engine for the A3, replacing the 1.6 L FSI engine, and a new diesel "e"-model. The "e"-model, Audi's equivalent of Volkswagen's BlueMotion , is available with the 1.9 L TDI engine, and offers a more ecological car, with a CO 2 emission below 120 g/km. Audi released two models of

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564-628: Is derivative of the A3 Sportback with a 5-cylinder , 2,480 cc (151 cu in) turbocharged engine rated at 340 PS (250 kW; 335 hp) and 450 N⋅m (332 lb⋅ft), vermicular-graphite cast iron crankcase, seven-speed S tronic transmission with two automatic modes and one manual mode, Quattro on-demand four-wheel drive system, widened track to 1,564 mm (61.57 in), MacPherson strut in aluminum, lowered body by 25 mm (0.98 in), 19-inch cast aluminum wheels in machine-polished titanium styling (optional black with

611-589: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Audi RS3 The Audi A3 is a subcompact executive / small family car ( C-segment ) manufactured and marketed by the German automaker Audi AG since September 1996, currently in its fourth generation. The first two generations of the Audi A3 were based on the Volkswagen Group A platform , while

658-452: The A8 W12 , which was later adopted across the whole A3 range. In August 2006, Audi introduced the second generation S3. Offered in three- and five-door body styles, the second generation— Typ 8P—S3 is powered by a modified and uprated Volkswagen Group-sourced 2.0-litre turbocharged FSI petrol engine, with a maximum output of 195 kW (265 PS; 261 bhp). As with all Audi S models,

705-486: The Audi Q7 TDI in 2008. It is a FWD vehicle with S-Tronic transmission with Hill-hold assist, Sirius satellite radio, Leather seats and steering wheel, Auxiliary audio input, Dual-zone climate control, 17-inch (430 mm) alloy wheels. The vehicle was unveiled at the 2009 North American International Auto Show . This US model would begin sale in the first quarter of 2010 as a 2010 model year vehicle. In March 2011,

752-569: The Daimler Motor Company in 1899, had a transverse engine with belt drive to the rear axle. The first successful transverse-engine cars were the two-cylinder DKW F1 series of cars, which first appeared in 1931. During WWII, transverse engines were developed for armored vehicles, with the Soviet T-44 and T-54/T-55 tanks being equipped with transverse engines to save space within the hull. The T-54/55 eventually became

799-653: The S-Tronic semi-auto gearbox were introduced as options (quattro is standard on the VR6) on models with engines over 140 PS (103 kW; 138 hp). In 2005 the "S line" trim level, offering new decorative elements, became available and the three-door A3 received the same front-end styling features as the Sportback model. For the first time, the A3 became available in the North American market, exclusively with

846-499: The Typ 8L range are also used in a range of other Volkswagen Group vehicles. At the 2003 Geneva Motor Show , Audi launched the second generation of the A3, the Typ 8P, designed by Gary Telaak during 2000 (however, the final design was frozen in 2001). Originally launched only as a three-door hatchback with four-cylinder engines, it featured a new automobile platform (the PQ35 platform),

893-591: The Volkswagen Golf Mk4 , which arrived a year later. Within three years of the A3's launch, the PQ34 platform was utilised by seven different vehicles. Initially, the A3 was only available as a three-door hatchback; this was done to give the model a sportier image and differentiate it from the Golf. Offered with transversely mounted inline four-cylinder engines in both front and quattro four-wheel drive ,

940-635: The Yellow Coach 719, using Dwight Austin's V-drive; they continued in common use until the 1990s, though shorter V-configuration engines in a longitudinal "T-drive" configuration became common in the 1960s. Transverse engines were also used in the British Leyland Atlantean , in many transit buses, and in nearly all modern double decker buses . They have also been widely used by Scania , MAN , Volvo and Renault 's bus divisions. Engines may be placed in two main positions within

987-542: The 1.6 L eight-valve petrol engine was replaced by a turbocharged 1.2 TFSI engine already found in VW's Polo and Golf models. This engine is rated at 105 PS (77 kW; 104 hp) and 175 N⋅m (129 lb⋅ft), emitting 127 g/km of CO 2 . The A3 2.0 TDI clean diesel is a version of Audi's A3 2.0 TDI for the North American market, making it the second Audi TDI vehicle sold in North America, following

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1034-618: The A3 1.6 TDI for the European market. The first uses Audi's start/stop and energy recovery system, and produces 105 PS (77 kW; 104 hp). This engine achieves approximately 4.1 L/100 km (69 mpg ‑imp ; 57 mpg ‑US ). The second engine does not use the same efficiency systems and will produce 90 PS (66 kW; 89 hp) will get 4.5 L/100 km (63 mpg ‑imp ; 52 mpg ‑US ). They went on sale in June 2009. In 2009,

1081-406: The A3 and S3 in 2008. These include revised nose and tail styling, with a modified grille and daytime running lights, common rail 2.0 TDI engines, seven-speed S tronic dual clutch transmission availability for the smaller non-U.S. engines, and optional "magnetic ride" adaptive shock absorbers. In addition, the range now includes an S3 Sportback model. Also, a cabriolet version was introduced. It

1128-488: The A3 was Audi's eighth model to have five valves per cylinder. The dashboard was also used by the first generation SEAT León and second generation SEAT Toledo . The United Kingdom received the Audi A3 in November 1996. In 1999, Audi expanded the A3 range with the introduction of a five-door hatch and two new engine options; a 1.8 L turbocharged inline four-cylinder rated at 180 PS (132 kW; 178 hp), and

1175-504: The RS, a 2002–2004 Italian MotoGP race bike Video games [ edit ] Racing Simulation 3 , a 2002 racing video game Romancing SaGa 3 , a 1995 role-playing video game RuneScape 3 , a 2013 fantasy massively multiplayer online role-playing video game Other uses [ edit ] Resistant starch RS3 , a prebiotic starch formed when starch-containing foods are cooked and cooled [REDACTED] Topics referred to by

1222-603: The S3. The spring ratings and dampers were revised, along with the body kit. Like its predecessor, although badged a "Quattro" model, the S3 does not employ a Torsen centre differential (as in other common Quattro models), but instead uses the Swedish Haldex Traction system in its on-demand four-wheel drive transmission, due to the transverse engine layout. Euro NCAP tested a second-generation Audi A3 with front airbags, side airbags, seatbelt pretensioners , and load limiters as standard. Despite Audi increasing

1269-439: The Sportback body, with the base 2.0 inline-four FSI introduced in 2005 as a 2006 model, and the 3.2 VR6 Quattro following. The five-door "Sportback" model was introduced in June 2004. The A3 Sportback is 80 mm (3.1 in) longer than the base three-door body, and includes improved rear cabin space and a larger luggage compartment (370 litres). It also received the new "single frame" front grille originally introduced in

1316-493: The design was done in-house by quattro GmbH . The engine features uprated high-performance pistons, revised boost/fuel mapping, increased turbocharger size ( KKK K04) and larger intercooler . The most powerful form of this engine, and quattro four-wheel drive, makes for a 0–100 km/h (0–62 mph) time of 5.7 seconds, and an electronically limited top speed of 250 km/h (155 mph). Audi offers both six-speed manual and six-speed S-Tronic automatic transmissions with

1363-485: The engine to its gearbox by a shaft and set the differential off-center so that it could be connected to the gearbox more easily. The half shafts from the differential to the wheels therefore differed in length, which would have made the car's steering asymmetrical were it not for their torsional stiffness being made the same. Giacosa's layout was first used in the Autobianchi Primula in 1964 and later in

1410-541: The gearbox-in-sump arrangement meant that an 848 cc four-cylinder water-cooled engine could be fitted to the Mini, providing strong performance for a car of its size. Coupled to the much greater amount of interior space afforded by the layout (the entire drivetrain only took up 20% of the car's length), this made the Mini a genuine alternative to the conventional small family car. This design reached its peak starting with Dante Giacosa 's elaboration of it for Fiat . He connected

1457-511: The introduction of a six-speed manual gearbox on the 180 PS (132 kW; 178 hp) 1.8T and new 130 PS (96 kW; 128 hp) 1.9 TDI. With this update, Audi's electronic stability control , traction-control, and brake force distribution systems became standard in some countries. Although the first generation Audi A3 was replaced in Europe in 2003, it continued to be sold in select markets; Brazilian production of Typ 8L A3 continued until 2006. The first generation A3 received

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1504-788: The left, black interior, sports seats upholstered in Nappa leather with silver contrasting stitching, inlays in Piano black finish or Aluminum Race colour, flat-bottomed leather multifunction sports steering wheel, choice of five body colours are available with an unlimited selection of custom paint finishes. Its acceleration is quoted as 0 to 100 km/h (0 to 62 mph) in 4.6 seconds, with an electronically limited top speed of 250 km/h (155 mph). Optional features included front bucket seats, roof rails in matte aluminum look, styling packages in black or matte aluminum. First deliveries started in early 2011. The A3 Cabriolet Sport Final Edition

1551-510: The line-up was expanded with the introduction of a more powerful 2.0 TDI with 170 PS (125 kW; 168 hp). The 2.0 TDI engine was included in the engines found by the United States Environmental Protection Agency to use software intentionally designed to turn off emission control systems except when undergoing emission testing. Models made from 2009 to 2015 were affected. The vehicle

1598-525: The most produced tank in history. After the Second World War , Saab used the configuration in their first model, the Saab 92 , in 1947. The arrangement was also used for Borgward 's Goliath and Hansa brand cars. The East German -built Trabant , which appeared in 1957, also had a transverse mounted two stroke engine, and this design was kept until the end of production, in 1991. However, it

1645-520: The motor car: Space allowed for engines within the front wheel wells is commonly limited to the following: The description of the orientation of V-twin and flat-twin motorcycle engines sometimes differs from the convention as stated above. Motorcycles with a V-twin engine mounted with its crankshaft parallel to the direction of travel, e.g. the AJS S3 V-twin , Indian 841 , Victoria Bergmeister , Honda CX series and several Moto Guzzis since

1692-444: The odd, and enlarging air intakes. Bolt-on fender flares and a large rear spoiler have been added. The interior changes include sport seats and a flat-bottomed steering wheel. Audi claims performance of 0 to 62 mph (0 to 100 km/h) in 6.6 seconds with a top speed of 240 km/h (149 mph). It is expected to get approximately 40 miles per US gallon (5.9 L/100 km; 48 mpg ‑imp ). The Audi RS 3

1739-441: The popular Fiat 128 . With the gearbox mounted separately to the engine, these cars were by necessity larger than the Mini, but this proved to be no disadvantage. This layout, still in use today, also provided superior refinement, easier repair and was better-suited to adopting five-speed transmissions than the original Issigonis in-sump design. The Lamborghini Miura used a transverse mid-mounted 4.0-litre V12 . This configuration

1786-410: The protection inside the car for the driver and passengers, pedestrian safety actually got 33% worse compared to the first generation and Euro NCAP gave criticism for the car offering virtually no protection at all on the front end and scoring just one star from a possible four. "A poor result for a new car" was the verdict given for pedestrian safety after the test. Audi introduced a number of changes to

1833-402: The quattro drive system with a six-speed manual transmission. The chassis has Audi's Magnetic Ride Suspension system, lowering the vehicle 1.4 inches (36 mm) from the base model. It also has ceramic front brakes, a four-link rear suspension and electro-mechanical servo assist for the rack and pinion steering. Exterior modifications include the widening of the three-door's grill, modifying

1880-486: The rear utilizes torsion bar suspension (models with less than 150 PS) or multi-link rear suspension (models with 150 PS or more). The features include: Early German models include 1.4 TFSI (122 PS), 1.8 TFSI (180 PS), and 2.0 TDI (150 PS). 1.2 TFSI (105 PS), 1.4 TFSI (140 PS), 1.8 TFSI quattro (180 PS), 1.6 TDI (105 PS), and 2.0 TDI quattro (150 PS) were added in 2013. Transverse engine The Critchley light car , made by

1927-448: The same term This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title formed as a letter–number combination. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RS3&oldid=1111557666 " Category : Letter–number combination disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

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1974-600: The third and fourth generations use the Volkswagen Group MQB platform . Audi announced the first generation A3 ( Typ 8L) in June 1995. The model was launched for the European market in September 1996 and marked Audi's return to small cars after 19 years, following the demise of the Audi 50 in 1978. The A3 was the first Volkswagen Group model to use the PQ34 (or "A4") platform , bearing close resemblance to

2021-616: The vehicle. This has also allowed for improved safety in a frontal impact, due to more longitudinal engine compartment space being created. The result is a larger front crumple zone . Transverse engines have also been widely used in buses. In the United States, they were offered in the early 1930s by Twin Coach and used with limited success in Dwight Austin's Pickwick Nite-Coach. Transverse bus engines first appeared widely in

2068-508: Was similar in dimensions to the 3-door version, with a two-box design. Audi A3 TDI Clubsport quattro is a concept car unveiled in 2008. Based on the Audi A3 three-door, it is an approach by Audi to address both performance and the environment. The engine in the concept car is a turbocharged 2.0-litre diesel producing 224 hp (167 kW) and 332 lb⋅ft (450 N⋅m) of torque. It produces 113.8 horsepower (84.9 kW) per litre while meeting Euro 5 Diesel emission standards. It uses

2115-471: Was unheard of in 1965, but became more common in the following decades, with cars such as the Lancia Montecarlo , Noble M12 , Toyota MR2 , Pontiac Fiero , and first-generation Honda NSX using such a powertrain design. The Land Rover LR2 Freelander , along with all Volvo models from 1998 on (including V8 models), employ a transversely-mounted engine in order to increase passenger space inside

2162-485: Was unveiled at the 2012 Geneva Motor Show and went on sale in Europe in September 2012. First vehicle using the flexible modular Volkswagen Group MQB platform , the third generation is available as a three-door hatchback, a five-door "Sportback", a four-door saloon to directly rival the Mercedes-Benz CLA-Class , and a two-door Cabriolet. The front suspension is a MacPherson strut set-up while

2209-492: Was with Alec Issigonis 's Mini , introduced by the British Motor Corporation in 1959, that the design gained acclaim. Issigonis incorporated the car's transmission into the engine's sump , producing a drivetrain unit narrow enough to install transversely in a car only 4 feet (1.2 m) wide. While previous DKW and Saab cars used small, unrefined air-cooled two-stroke engines with poor performance,

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