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54-547: As part of its annual fund-raising efforts, the Foundation promotes Deckchair Dreams , through which artists donate individual works of art for the canvases of deck chairs which are reproduced and distributed through the Parks. Among the artists and celebrities who have contributed to the scheme are Damien Hirst , Will Young , Antony Worrall Thompson , Tracey Emin , Alexander McQueen , and Raymond Briggs . Deckchairs from

108-646: A BDSM style. They come in a variety of colors and patterns; one of the most common patterns being tartan . Bondage pants also come in a variety of styles, including tight or baggy, long, short or Capri . They are primarily worn by members of youth subcultures , including punks , ravers , goths and otaku . The most popular style of bondage pants is the 'original' black style, with white topstitching, although different colored versions including white, hot pink, blue, and green have been made with equally varying colors of topstitching. They were developed by British designers Vivienne Westwood and Malcolm McLaren in

162-469: A Mini car that he had decorated for charity with his trademark spots was being exhibited as a serious artwork. The show also scuppered a prospective Hirst retrospective at Tate Modern . He said Saatchi was "childish" and "I'm not Charles Saatchi's barrel-organ monkey ... He only recognises art with his wallet ... he believes he can affect art values with buying power, and he still believes he can do it." In September 2003, he had an exhibition Romance in

216-474: A Thousand Years . As a result of the show, Hirst was nominated for that year's Turner Prize , but it was awarded to Grenville Davey . Hirst's first major international presentation was in the Venice Biennale in 1993 with the work, Mother and Child Divided , a cow and a calf cut into sections and exhibited in a series of separate vitrines. He curated the show Some Went Mad, Some Ran Away in 1994 at

270-619: A clear display case. In September 2008, Hirst made an unprecedented move for a living artist by selling a complete show, Beautiful Inside My Head Forever , at Sotheby's by auction and bypassing his long-standing galleries. The auction raised £111 million ($ 198 million), breaking the record for a one-artist auction as well as Hirst's own record with £10.3 million for The Golden Calf , an animal with 18-carat gold horns and hooves, preserved in formaldehyde. Since 1999, Hirst's works have been challenged and contested as plagiarised 16 times. In one instance, after his sculpture Hymn

324-510: A country as big as America. So on one level they kind of need congratulating, which a lot of people shy away from, which is a very dangerous thing. The next week, following public outrage at his remarks, he issued a statement through his company, Science Ltd: I apologise unreservedly for any upset I have caused, particularly to the families of the victims of the events on that terrible day. In 2002, Hirst gave up smoking and drinking after his wife Maia had complained and "had to move out because I

378-566: A cover image for the Band Aid 20 charity single featuring the " Grim Reaper " in late 2004, and image showing an African child perched on his knee. This design was not to the liking of the record company executives, and was replaced by reindeer in the snow standing next to a child. In December 2004, The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living was sold by Saatchi to American collector Steve Cohen, for $ 8 million, in

432-870: A deal negotiated by Hirst's New York agent, Gagosian. Cohen, a Greenwich hedge fund manager, then donated the work to The Metropolitan Museum of Art , New York. Sir Nicholas Serota had wanted to acquire it for the Tate Gallery, and Hugo Swire , Shadow Minister for the Arts, tabled a question to ask if the government would ensure it stayed in the country. Hirst exhibited 30 paintings at the Gagosian Gallery in New York in March 2005. These had taken 3½ years to complete. They were closely based on photos, mostly by assistants (who were rotated between paintings) but with

486-612: A disused London Port Authority administrative block in London's Docklands . He gained sponsorship for this event from the London Docklands Development Corporation . The show was visited by Charles Saatchi , Norman Rosenthal and Nicholas Serota , thanks to the influence of his Goldsmiths lecturer Michael Craig-Martin . Hirst's own contribution to the show consisted of a cluster of cardboard boxes painted with household paint. After graduating, Hirst

540-617: A final finish by Hirst. Also in 2005, Hirst founded the art book publisher Other Criteria. In February 2006, he opened a major show in Mexico, at the Hilario Galguera Gallery, called The Death of God, Towards a Better Understanding of Life without God aboard The Ship of Fools , an exhibition that attracted considerable media coverage as Hirst's first show in Latin America. In June that year, he exhibited alongside

594-479: A head in 2003 and the relationship ended. Death is a central theme in Hirst's works. He became famous for a series of artworks in which dead animals (including a shark, a sheep, and a cow) are preserved, sometimes having been dissected, in formaldehyde . The best-known of these was The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living , a 14-foot (4.3 m) tiger shark immersed in formaldehyde in

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648-484: A photograph of Away from the Flock was reproduced in the 1997 book by Hirst I want to spend the rest of my life everywhere, with everyone, one-to-one, always, forever, now, the vandalism was referenced by allowing the tank to be obscured by pulling a card, reproducing the effect of ink being poured into the tank; this resulted in Hirst being sued by Bridger for violating his copyright on Black Sheep. In 1995, Hirst won

702-537: A reported £1m) was given pole position at the show Ant Noises (an anagram of "sensation") in the Saatchi Gallery. Hirst was then sued himself for breach of copyright over this sculpture (see Appropriation below). Hirst sold three more copies of his sculpture for similar amounts to the first. In September 2000, in New York, Larry Gagosian held the Hirst show, Damien Hirst: Models, Methods, Approaches, Assumptions, Results and Findings . 100,000 people visited

756-607: A very strong way." Responding to this show at the Rijksmuseum and to the piece more generally in a feature-length article on the entwined histories of European art and double-entry bookkeeping , the art historian Rachel Cohen wrote: Two years [after the sale of For the Love of God ], with financial markets imploding on every side, it was reported that the work had in fact been sold to a holding company that turned out to consist of Hirst's gallerist, his business manager, his friend

810-408: A white minimal box, turn into flies, then feed on a bloody, severed cow's head on the floor of a claustrophobic glass vitrine. Above, hatched flies buzz around in the closed space. Many meet a violent end in an insect-o-cutor; others survive to continue the cycle. A Thousand Years was admired by Bacon, who in a letter to a friend a month before he died, wrote about the experience of seeing the work at

864-596: Is an English artist and art collector. He is one of the Young British Artists (YBAs) who dominated the art scene in the UK during the 1990s. He is reportedly the United Kingdom's richest living artist, with his wealth estimated at US$ 384 million in the 2020 Sunday Times Rich List . During the 1990s his career was closely linked with the collector Charles Saatchi , but increasing frictions came to

918-400: Is of a girl in leg irons holding a collecting box. In Hirst's version the collecting box is shown broken open and is empty. Charity was exhibited in the centre of Hoxton Square , in front of White Cube. Inside the gallery downstairs were 12 vitrines representing Jesus's disciples, each case containing mostly gruesome, often blood-stained, items relevant to the particular disciple. At the end

972-568: The Hayward Gallery in 1983. Davison created abstract collages from torn and cut coloured paper which, Hirst said, "blew me away", and which he modelled his own work on for the next two years. He worked for two years on London building sites, then studied Fine Art at Goldsmiths College (1986–89), although again he was refused a place the first time he applied. In 2007, Hirst was quoted as saying of An Oak Tree by Goldsmiths' senior tutor, Michael Craig-Martin : "That piece is, I think,

1026-555: The Paul Stolper Gallery titled: 'Schizophrenogenesis'. In April 2016, a study published in Analytical Methods claimed Hirst's preserved carcasses leaked formaldehyde gas above legal limits at Tate Modern ; however, this study was shown to be flawed. Bondage trousers Bondage pants or bondage trousers are trousers with zippers , straps, chains, rings and buckles, giving an appearance of

1080-474: The Serpentine Gallery in London, where he exhibited Away from the Flock (a sheep in a tank of formaldehyde). On 9 May, Mark Bridger, a 35-year-old artist from Oxford, walked into the gallery and poured black ink into the tank, and retitled the work Black Sheep . He was subsequently prosecuted, at Hirst's wish, and was given two years' probation. The sculpture was restored at a cost of £1,000. When

1134-410: The goth , heavy metal , gamer , and raver subcultures. Such pants were a popular sell for chain stores such as Hot Topic and Spencer's Gifts , and ranged from observable to ubiquitous at alternative music (especially Electronic music and Hard Rock) nightclubs and anime conventions prior to a gradual decline in popularity and visibility from the late 2000s through early 2010s. However, during

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1188-602: The 1970s punk subculture . The trousers were made popular by people such as the Sex Pistols , Jordan and Adam Ant who originally had to get them from Westwood/McClarens shop SEX , later to become Seditionaries, in World's End, Chelsea , London . The original drainpipe design was an anti fashion statement against the flares of the time. The men's variety tend to feature baggier legs, larger pockets and more metal details such as chains, skulls, mock handcuffs and D-rings while

1242-502: The 2008 collection were recycled into sling bags, made by designer Bill Amberg . The 2010 collection of deckchairs draws on themes of nuts, fruits and seeds in the parks, and represents a partnership with the Shanghai Botanical Gardens, including designs by British and Chinese artists. British designers include the milliner Philip Treacy , Rob Kesseler , cartoonists Ronald Searle and Alexander Williams , and

1296-501: The Age of Uncertainty at Jay Jopling's White Cube gallery in London, which made him a reported £11m, bringing his wealth to over £35m. It was reported that a sculpture, Charity , had been sold for £1.5m to a Korean, Kim Chang-Il, who intended to exhibit it in his department store's gallery in Seoul . The 22-foot (6.7m), 6-ton sculpture was based on the 1960s Spastic Society's model, which

1350-574: The Rest of My Life Everywhere, with Everyone, One to One, Always, Forever, Now , was published. With Alex James of the band Blur and actor Keith Allen , he formed the band Fat Les , achieving a number 2 hit with a raucous football-themed song Vindaloo , followed up by Jerusalem with the London Gay Men's Chorus . Hirst also painted a simple colour pattern for the Beagle 2 probe. This pattern

1404-510: The Russian billionaire art collector Viktor Pinchuk, and Hirst himself. There were then those who, staring at their own newly empty stock portfolios, found in the title apt expression of their feelings. The work itself, with its diamond-laden eye sockets and its original inhabitant's grinning teeth, seems unperturbed by any hollowness of value in the financial or art markets. It does not matter to this cynical epitome of our glittering age whether it

1458-416: The Saatchi Gallery in London. Margarita Coppack notes that "It is as if Bacon, a painter with no direct heir in that medium, was handing the baton on to a new generation." Hirst has openly acknowledged his debt to Bacon, absorbing the painter's visceral images and obsessions early on and giving them concrete existence in sculptural form with works like A Thousand Years . Hirst gained the world record for

1512-464: The Saatchi Gallery opened at new premises in County Hall, London , with a show that included a Hirst retrospective. This brought a developing strain in his relationship with Saatchi to a head (one source of contention had been who was most responsible for boosting their mutual profile). Hirst disassociated himself from the retrospective to the extent of not including it in his CV. He was angry that

1566-535: The Turner Prize. New York public health officials banned Two Fucking and Two Watching featuring a rotting cow and bull, because of fears of "vomiting among the visitors". There were solo shows in Seoul , London and Salzburg . He directed the video for the song " Country House " for the band Blur . No Sense of Absolute Corruption , his first solo show in the Gagosian Gallery in New York was staged

1620-573: The early 1990s for rather less, his first installations costing under £10,000. On 24 May 2004, a fire in the Momart storage warehouse destroyed many works from the Saatchi collection, including 17 of Hirst's, although the sculpture Charity survived, as it was outside in the builder's yard. That July, Hirst said of Saatchi, "I respect Charles. There's not really a feud. If I see him, we speak, but we were never really drinking buddies." Hirst designed

1674-645: The following year. In London the short film, Hanging Around , was shown—written and directed by Hirst and starring Eddie Izzard . In 1997 the Sensation exhibition opened at the Royal Academy in London. A Thousand Years and other works by Hirst were included, but the main controversy occurred over other artists' works. It was nevertheless seen as the formal acceptance of the YBAs into the establishment. In 1997, his autobiography and art book, I Want To Spend

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1728-427: The greatest piece of conceptual sculpture. I still can't get it out of my head." While a student, Hirst had a placement at a mortuary , an experience that influenced his later themes and materials. While an art student, Hirst was an assistant at Anthony d'Offay ' s gallery. In July 1988, in his second year at Goldsmiths College, Hirst was the main organiser of an independent student exhibition, Freeze , in

1782-780: The moment if I did certain things people would look at it, consider it and then say 'f off'. But after a while you can get away with things." 1987 – Damien Hirst and Holden Rowan, Old Court Gallery, Windsor Arts Centre, Windsor, UK – Curator Derek Culley 1988 – Damien Hirst: Constructions and Sculpture, Old Court Gallery, Windsor, UK -Curator Derek Culley 1988 – Freeze, Surrey Docks, London, UK 1989 – New Contemporaries, Institute of Contemporary Arts, London, UK 1990 – Modern Medicine, Building One, London, UK 1990 – Gambler, Building One, London, UK 1990 – Building One, Emmanuel Perrotin Gallery, Paris, FR His first solo exhibition, organised by Tamara Chodzko – Dial, In and Out of Love ,

1836-641: The most expensive work of art by a living artist —his Lullaby Spring in June 2007, when a 3-metre-wide steel cabinet with 6,136 pills sold for 19.2 million dollars to Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani , the Emir of Qatar . In June 2007, Beyond Belief , an exhibition of Hirst's new work, opened at the White Cube gallery in London. The centre-piece, a Memento Mori titled For the Love of God ,

1890-478: The new work, then that's all you need for copyright infringement... Quantitatively about 80% of the skull is in the second image." In April – September 2009, the exhibition Requiem took place in the Victor Pinchuk art centre. In October 2009, Hirst revealed that he had been painting with his own hand in a style influenced by Francis Bacon for several years. His show of these paintings, No Love Lost ,

1944-590: The result was showcased in 1992 in the first Young British Artists exhibition at the Saatchi Gallery in North London. Hirst's work was titled The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living and was a shark in formaldehyde in a vitrine, and sold for £50,000. The shark had been caught by a commissioned fisherman in Australia and had cost £6,000. The exhibition also included In

1998-451: The second show in a green Rolls-Royce and, according to Freedman, stood open-mouthed with astonishment in front of (and then bought) Hirst's first major "animal" installation, A Thousand Years , consisting of a large glass case containing maggots and flies feeding on a rotting cow's head. They also staged Michael Landy 's Market . At this time, Hirst said, "I can't wait to get into a position to make really bad art and get away with it. At

2052-518: The show in 12 weeks and all the work was sold. On 10 September 2002, on the eve of the first anniversary of the 9/11 World Trade Center attacks, Hirst said in an interview with BBC News Online: The thing about 9/11 is that it's kind of like an artwork in its own right. It was wicked, but it was devised in this way for this kind of impact. It was devised visually... You've got to hand it to them on some level because they've achieved something which nobody would have ever have thought possible, especially to

2106-565: The wildlife sculptor Simon Gudgeon . Treacy's design features an illustration of model Linda Evangelista wearing one of his hats. Around 700 chairs have been made available across Kensington Gardens , Hyde Park , Green Park , St. James's Park and Regent's Park . Sara Lom of the Royal Parks Foundation said it had been "wonderful to partner with Shanghai" on the project. Damien Hirst Damien Steven Hirst ( / h ɜːr s t / ; né Brennan ; born 7 June 1965)

2160-753: The women's styles are usually more tailored and have less metal hardware decoration than the men's styles but occasionally have details of lace, ribbon or tartan making them seem more feminine. In the late 1990s and early-to-mid 2000s, Tripp NYC 's signature design that combined the chains and straps of bondage pants with the baggy legs and bright linings of phat pants became incredibly popular amongst U.S. teenagers, although they also held some minor popularity amongst college students then in their early 20s, and were worn on stage by members of some nu-metal , industrial rock , and darkwave bands. Additionally, during that time period this style of phat pants -inspired bondage pants became frequently observable among members of

2214-400: The work of Francis Bacon ( Triptychs ) at the Gagosian Gallery, Britannia Street, London, an exhibition that included the vitrine, A Thousand Years (1990), and four triptychs: paintings, medicine cabinets and a new formaldehyde work entitled The Tranquility of Solitude (For George Dyer) , influenced by Bacon. A Thousand Years (1990) contains an actual life cycle. Maggots hatch inside

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2268-424: The £200 he had made; he said, "I met Christian Zimmermann [from DACS] who told me Hirst personally ordered action on the matter." In June 2009, copyright lawyer Paul Tackaberry compared the two images and said, "This is fairly non-contentious legally. Ask yourself, what portion of the original–and not just the quantity but also the quality–appears in the new work? If a 'substantial portion' of the 'original' appears in

2322-425: Was a human skull recreated in platinum and adorned with 8,601 diamonds weighing a total of 1,106.18 carats. Approximately £15,000,000 worth of diamonds were used. It was modelled on an 18th-century skull, but the only surviving human part of the original is the teeth. The asking price for For the Love of God was £50,000,000 ($ 100 million or 75 million euros). It didn't sell outright, and on 30 August 2008

2376-461: Was an empty vitrine, representing Christ. Upstairs were four small glass cases, each containing a cow's head stuck with scissors and knives. It has been described as an "extraordinarily spiritual experience" in the tradition of Catholic imagery. At this time Hirst bought back 12 works from Saatchi (a third of Saatchi's holdings of Hirst's early works), through Jay Jopling, reportedly for more than £8 million. Hirst had sold these pieces to Saatchi in

2430-801: Was at the Wallace Collection in London. In 2011, Damien Hirst designed the cover of the Red Hot Chili Peppers album I'm with You . Hirst's representation of the British Union Flag formed the arena centrepiece for the 2012 Summer Olympics closing ceremony in London. In January 2013, Hirst became the third British artist to design the Brit Awards statue using his signature NEO-Pop art style inspired by his 2000 LSD "spot painting." In October 2014, Hirst exhibited big scale capsules, pills and medicines at

2484-657: Was found to be closely based on a child's toy, legal proceedings led to an out-of-court settlement . Hirst was born Damien Steven Brennan in Bristol and grew up in Leeds with his Irish mother who worked for the Citizens Advice Bureau . He never met his father; his mother married his stepfather when Hirst was two, and the couple divorced 10 years later. His stepfather was reportedly a motor mechanic. His mother stated that she lost control of her son when he

2538-737: Was held in an unused shop on Woodstock Street in central London in 1991; already in 1989 he had been part of a group exhibition at the Institute of Contemporary Arts , and the Emmanuel Perrotin Gallery in Paris. The Serpentine Gallery presented the first survey of the new generation of artists with the exhibition Broken English , in part curated by Hirst. In 1991 Hirst met the up-and-coming art dealer, Jay Jopling , who then represented him. In 1991, Charles Saatchi had offered to fund whatever artwork Hirst wanted to make, and

2592-548: Was his only successful educational subject. His art teacher at Allerton Grange School "pleaded" for Hirst to be allowed to enter the sixth form, where he took two A-levels, achieving an "E" grade in art. He was refused admission to Jacob Kramer College when he first applied, but attended the art school after a subsequent successful application to the Foundation Diploma course. He went to an exhibition of work by Francis Davison , staged by Julian Spalding at

2646-575: Was included in New Contemporaries show and in a group show at Kettle's Yard gallery in Cambridge . Seeking a gallery dealer, he first approached Karsten Schubert , but was turned down. Hirst, along with his friend Carl Freedman and Billee Sellman, curated two enterprising "warehouse" shows in 1990, Modern Medicine and Gambler , in a Bermondsey former Peek Freans biscuit factory they designated "Building One". Saatchi arrived at

2700-476: Was made for the love of anything but more zeroes. In December 2008, Hirst contacted the Design and Artists Copyright Society (DACS) demanding action be taken over works containing images of his skull sculpture For the Love of God made by a 16-year-old graffiti artist, Cartrain , and sold on the internet gallery 100artworks.com. On the advice of his gallery, Cartrain handed over the artworks to DACS and forfeited

2754-441: Was so horrible". He had met Joe Strummer (former lead singer of The Clash ) at Glastonbury in 1995, becoming good friends and going on annual family holidays with him. Just before Christmas 2002, Strummer died of a heart attack. This had a profound effect on Hirst, who said, "It was the first time I felt mortal". He subsequently devoted a lot of time to founding a charity, Strummerville , to help young musicians. In April 2003,

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2808-554: Was sold to a consortium that included Hirst himself and his gallery White Cube. In November 2008, the skull was exhibited at the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam next to an exhibition of paintings from the museum collection selected by Hirst. Wim Pijbes, the museum director, said of the exhibition, "It boosts our image. Of course, we do the Old Masters but we are not a 'yesterday institution'. It's for now. And Damien Hirst shows this in

2862-498: Was to be used to calibrate the probe's cameras after it had landed on Mars . He turned down the British Council 's invitation to be the UK's representative at the 1999 Venice Biennale because "it didn't feel right". He threatened to sue British Airways claiming a breach of copyright over an advert design with coloured spots for its low budget airline, Go . In 2000, Hirst's sculpture Hymn (which Saatchi had bought for

2916-424: Was young; he was arrested on two occasions for shoplifting. Hirst sees her as someone who would not tolerate rebellion: she cut up his bondage trousers and heated one of his Sex Pistols vinyl records on the cooker to turn it into a fruit bowl (or a plant pot). He says, "If she didn't like how I was dressed, she would quickly take me away from the bus stop". She did, though, encourage his liking for drawing, which

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