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60-513: The organisation describes itself as “having the heart of a charity and the mind-set of a business”. Catch22 was formed in 2008 by the merge of UK young people's organisations Rainer and Crime Concern. Catch22's 1500 staff and volunteers work at every stage of the social welfare cycle, supporting 160,000 individuals annually from cradle to career. Today the organisation delivers alternative education , apprenticeships and employability programmes, justice and rehabilitation services (in prisons and in

120-603: A guru ("teacher" in Sanskrit ). Progress was based on tests given by the gurus, and the system aimed to nurture students' creativity and personality development. Although mainstream education in India is based on the system introduced by Lord Macaulay , a few projects aim to rejuvenate the earlier method. Some students in these (and similar) projects conduct research in Sanskrit studies , Vedic studies, Vedic science , yoga and ayurveda . Others, after completing their education in

180-458: A sense of community . The legal framework for such education varies by locality, and determines any obligation to conform with mainstream standard tests and grades. Alternative pedagogical approaches may include different structures, as in the open classroom , different teacher-student relationships, as in the Quaker and free schools , and/or differing curricula and teaching methods, as in

240-561: A 'Good' inspection grade following an Ofsted visit. February 2016: The independent school, include Salisbury, which offers alternative education under the proprietorship of Catch22, gained a 'Good' Ofsted rating. February 2016: Ofsted rated children's services in Cheshire West and Chester, where Catch22 delivers the Pan Cheshire Missing and Child Sexual Exploitation (CSE) service, as 'good'. December 2015: Ofsted,

300-448: A competitive entrance examination and charge tuition , with few scholarships available. Interest in alternative education was sparked during the 1980s by student violence and bullying , school refusal , social anxiety disorder and, in the worst cases, suicide ; the desire to enable young people to keep up with a globalized economy is an additional impetus. A free school is a non-profit group (or independent school) which specializes in

360-487: A different and less stressful learning environment. It integrates traditional courses with strategies that focus on enhancing the learner's bond with nature and aboriginal culture. Another example is the so-called "third-way" education that serves the needs of students that are not local but also not foreign such as the Taipei American School, which provides instruction to Taiwanese students with family in

420-641: A duty to provide education for school age children. Education in Canada falls under the jurisdiction of the provincial government . Alternative education is provided in some public schools, such as Mountainview Montessori School and Trille des Bois Waldorf school in Ottawa, as well as in independent schools, such as Toronto Montessori Schools and Vancouver Waldorf School . Alternative education in Canada stems from two philosophical educational points of view, Progressive and Libertarian. According to Levin, 2006

480-494: A finalist in the national ERSA (Employment Related Services Association) Employability Awards 2016. November 2015: Catch22 – in partnership with public service provider Interserve , and social finance experts Clubfinance – was announced as the winner of Big Society Capital 's Business Impact Challenge. November 2015: The Pan Cheshire Missing From Home and CSE service won the Partnership Working Award at

540-563: A governor supported by an entire local community, creating a sense of ownership and responsibility for what happens to those who end up incarcerated. May 2016: A new report from Catch22's Dawes Unit explored the extent and ways in which pupil gang involvement raises challenges for schools and identified best practice for schools in responding. The 'Safer Schools' report provided a first-of-its kind insight into pupil gang involvement in Alternative Provision (AP) schools, presenting

600-457: A gurukula, enter mainstream higher education. Japanese education is a nationwide, standardized system under the Ministry of Education . The only alternative options have been accredited, private schools with more freedom of curricula (including textbook choice; public schools are limited to government-approved textbooks), teaching methods and hiring guidelines. Nearly all private schools require

660-660: A missionary to Southwark court, who became the basis for the London Police Court Mission (LPCM). Between 1880 and 1902 eight full-time LPCM missionaries were appointed and the Mission opened homes and shelters to provide vocational training. In 1907 the LPCM missionaries were appointed officers of the court who were later to be known as probation officers . The Children and Young Person's Act (1933) introduced juvenile courts for children of 17 and younger and

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720-570: A natural evolution of education to offer options and not a regimented one size fits all approach. Most alternative high schools falling under public jurisdiction offered independent study programs, basic-skills programs, and were mini-high schools with a mixture of conventional and nonconventional courses, and schools with an arts focus. They also offered smaller classes, closer and more informal relations with teachers, and greater flexibility in course selection and timetabling. The most recent development within alternative education in Canada may be to follow

780-437: A particular program (such as the performing arts ). Independent, or private, schools have flexibility in staff selection and educational approach. Many are Montessori and Waldorf schools (the latter also known as Steiner schools, after their founder Rudolf Steiner ). Other independent schools include democratic or free schools, such as Clonlara School , which is the oldest, continually operating K-12 alternative school in

840-620: A result, social investment has become a popular funding method. Catch22 has been using social investment to finance several projects and to develop social impact bonds . For Catch22 social enterprise offers innovative ways and self-sustaining opportunities to build on young people's strengths while opening up routes into work and self-employment. Examples of social enterprises Catch22 has developed are: Launch22, Auto22 and Propeller. Catch22 have been actively using its position to support selected organisations and individuals. MAC-UK: In June 2014 Dr Charlie Howard, founding director of MAC-UK became

900-687: A space) may also refer to a community interest company based in Seven Sisters ( Tottenham ), London called Catch 22 Academy . Catch 22 Academy is a journalism school founded in 2006. Alternative education Alternative education encompasses educational philosophy differing from mainstream pedagogy and evidence-based education . Such alternative learning environments may be found within state , charter , and independent schools as well as home-based learning environments. Many educational alternatives emphasize small class sizes , close relationships between students and teachers and

960-480: A variety of ways. Trade schools and vocational colleges are also an alternate route to four year traditional college programs. Public-school alternatives in the U.S. include separate schools, classes, programs and semi-autonomous "schools within schools". Public school-choice options are open to all students, although some have waiting lists. Among these are charter schools , combining private initiatives and state funding, and magnet schools , which attract students to

1020-435: Is unschooling , an approach based on interest rather than a curriculum. Others enroll in umbrella schools which provide a curriculum. Homeschool courses give students in-depth, personal attention in any subject with which they struggle or excel. Some homeschool families form a cooperative, where parents with expertise in a subject may teach children from a number of families while their children are taught by other parents. There

1080-415: Is achieved through: running a Multi Academies Trust, running independent schools and delivering post-16 provision and National Citizen Service (NCS) projects. In 2015 Catch22 partnered with Impetus-PEF to develop a blueprint for excellent alternative education provision. Catch22 is a provider delivering a number of apprenticeships and employability programmes. The programmes were created to be relevant to

1140-638: Is also the case of the Caterpillar, which – like the Forest School – is housed in an unconventional campus and follows a creative and more fluid curriculum. Both these schools charge expensive tuition fees but more personalized instruction. There is also alternative education that caters to learners with special needs such as the Taipei County 's Seedling Elementary School, which opened in 1994. This school caters to native students, who need

1200-513: Is great variation amongst families who homeschool, from parents who set up in-home "classrooms" and hold class for a set amount of time each day, to families that focus on experiential learning opportunities. Self-directed inquiry is recognized at all levels of education, from the "unschooling" of children to the autodidacticism of adults, and may occur separately from (or with) traditional forms of education. Church of England Temperance Society Too Many Requests If you report this error to

1260-466: Is patron of the organisation. The Princess Royal attends regular events organised by Catch22 where she often speaks on social issues such as child sexual exploitation and young people's mental health. Inspired by the Joseph Heller novel, the organisation's name refers to the catch-22 situation faced by many of the people with whom it works. The name change took place in 2008 after the merger of

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1320-431: Is rooted in the belief to uphold the individual freedom and the innate goodness of the child against institutional and social conformity and the corrupting influences of modern society." The 1980s saw a shift to special schools and/or programs for those students that excelled in academia, were artistically talented, or through programs linking schooling with the workplace in a co-operative venture. It might be considered as

1380-611: The American transcendentalists Amos Bronson Alcott , Ralph Waldo Emerson , and Henry David Thoreau ; founders of progressive education John Dewey and Francis Parker , and educational pioneers such as Friedrich Fröbel , Maria Montessori and Rudolf Steiner believed that education should cultivate the developing child on many levels: not only intellectually , but also morally and spiritually , emotionally and psychologically , and physically . After World War II an alternative Reggio Emilia approach to early-childhood education

1440-609: The Children & Young People Now Awards. The awards are described by Children & Young People Now as a 'gold standard for everyone who works with children, young people and families'. July 2014: Catch22 was one of ten finalists in the UK shortlisted for the 2014 Google Impact Challenge. From May 2015 to May 2016, Catch22 resettlement services received 'Good' ratings from Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Prisons (HMIP) for all four unannounced inspections. The company name Catch22 (without

1500-550: The Royal Philanthropic Society (RPS) and became known as Rainer RPS. Later the RPS was dropped. Catch22's vision is a strong society where everyone has a good place to live, a purpose and good people around them (The “3 P's”). The organisation exists to ensure that these are achievable for everyone, no matter what their background. The Catch22 vision for public services is a system that is more human, unlocks

1560-650: The Temperance movement . In the letter attached to the gift Rainer asked "can nothing be done for him whose foot has once slipped". Originally the Missionaries, later called Probation Officers, were recruited from the 'respectable' classes. In 1907 under the aegis of the Probation of offenders Act, these missionaries became known as probation officers . The LPCM was renamed the Rainer Foundation in

1620-485: The Waldorf and Montessori schools . Synonyms for "alternative" in this context include "non-traditional" and "non-conventional". Alternative educators use terms such as " holistic ". Alternative education grew up in response to the establishment of standardized and compulsory education over the last two to three centuries. Educators including Jean-Jacques Rousseau , Swiss humanitarian Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi ;

1680-545: The elementary , secondary and tertiary level in four categories: school choice , independent schools and home-based education . The U.S. Department of Education's document State Regulation of Private Schools reports on the legal requirements that apply to K-12 private schools in each of the states, including any curriculum requirements. The report states that it is intended as a reference for public and nonpublic school officials and state policy-makers. The report confirms that similar areas of education are approached in

1740-506: The 1960s. In the early 1980s, the foundation developed a number of innovative schemes for young offenders influenced greatly by research carried out at Lancaster University . Under the leadership of its Director Richard Kay, the Foundation continued to develop innovative services for young 'offenders', young homeless people and young survivors of sexual abuse. In 1996 the Rainer Foundation merged with an even older philanthropic organization

1800-595: The Charities Commission as Rainer , in recognition of Frederic Rainer's donation. In 2008 Rainer merged with Crime Concern, another long established charity working with young people in the criminal justice system to become Catch22 The Rainer Foundation was originally formed as the London Police Court Mission (LPCM) as a result of a 5 shilling gift made by Fredric Rainer in 1876 to Church of England Temperance Society part of

1860-459: The Future?'. The authors challenge traditional approaches, critique current practice and put forward a range of ideas for the transformation of children's social care for the next decade and beyond. July 2015: Catch22 Dawes Unit in partnership with Missing People launched a new report which provides evidence of gang-involved young people going missing as they are caught up in 'drug lines'. 'Running

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1920-553: The Philanthropic Society's Redhill Farm School was given approved school status. In 1938 the Home Office assumed control of the probation service and the LPCM began to concentrate on hostels for probation trainees and to set up homes for children at risk, sexually abused children and for young mothers. In 1952 the Philanthropic Society was granted royal status. In 1964 the Philanthropic Society registered with

1980-461: The Risks: The links between gang-involvement and young people going missing', revealed how gangs are setting children up in flats for weeks at a time to sell drugs in provincial areas. It called for gang-involved young people who go missing from home or care to be treated as victims rather than criminals. In June 2016, include Bristol, part of Catch22's network of independent schools, was awarded

2040-824: The Steiner Academy Frome, Somerset, and the Steiner Academy Hereford . The United Kingdom also has alternative provision schools and centres, designed to prevent exclusions from mainstream school, or improve behavioural problems so that students can re-access mainstream education. Since 1993, some of the centres have been referred to as Pupil Referral Units (PRU). These units are run by the local authority. In recent years, in addition to Pupil Referral Units, many privately funded units (operated by businesses or charities) have set up versions of PRUs. These are known as private providers of alternative provision. The influx of private businesses entering

2100-825: The United States in their "Charter School" movement. In the US specific states have passed legislation permitting their departments of education or local school boards to issue "charters" directly to individual schools wishing to operate autonomously. Alberta is the first province that has already embraced this model. Since the early 20th century, educators have discussed and implemented alternative forms of education, such as Rabindranath Tagore 's Visva-Bharati University , Sri Aurobindo 's Sri Aurobindo International Centre of Education , Jiddu Krishnamurti Schools . Traditional learning in India involved students living in gurukulas , where they received free food, shelter and education from

2160-754: The United States or those with occupations that took them, including their children, abroad. In 2003, there were about 70 schools in the United Kingdom offering education based on philosophies differing from that of the mainstream pedagogy, about half of which are Steiner-Waldorf schools . Summerhill School, established by A.S. Neill in 1921, was the first democratic school ; most have since closed, except for Summerhill, Sands School , Hebden Bridge School and democratic schools for children and young people. Though most alternative schools were until recently all fee-paying, state-funded Free Schools were introduced in 2011, only two of which alternative education:

2220-473: The business in the long term. Central to Catch22's vision for good public services is a move away from central policy making and budgetary accountability. For example, the organisation has welcomed the announcement that prison governors will be given control over budgets and rules in May 2016. Drawing from their experience of providing services in prisons, Catch22 has long advocated for local prisons to be governed by

2280-631: The capacity in society, and champions local accountability. Catch22 supports vulnerable young people and their families to feel safe, cared for and find a purpose in life through: strengthening family foundations, supporting children who go missing and/or are victims of sexual exploitation and working with care leavers . Catch22's services also tackle substance misuse , support emotional wellbeing, address youth violence and improve outcomes in youth justice . Catch22 provides young people aged four to 18-year-olds with alternative education so they can progress and succeed in sustained education or employment. This

2340-518: The care and education of children who refuse to attend standard schools. The first democratic school was founded in 1985 as a shelter for children avoiding the school environment, and a number of other such schools have been established. In 1987 the first of seven Waldorf schools in Japan was founded, and other alternatives include a growing homeschooling movement. In 1992 Dr Shinichiro Hori, formerly Professor of Education at Osaka City University, founded

2400-656: The charities Rainer and Crime Concern. Catch22 has its origins in the Philanthropic Society in St. George's Fields formed in 1788. A merger of the Royal Philanthropic Society and The Rainer Foundation took place in 1997 to form RPSRainer. In 2003 it changed its name to Rainer. The Royal Philanthropic Society had its origins in the St Paul's Coffee House in London in 1788 where a group of men met to discuss

2460-519: The community), gangs intervention work, emotional wellbeing and substance misuse, and children's social care programmes. Catch22 is a member of the T2A Alliance, NCVO , CJA and ERSA. Catch22 Chief Executive is Naomi Hulston, who replaced a retiring Chris Wright mid 2022. Hulston was joined by Chief Operating Officer Dan McCormack to complete her executive team in August 2023. HRH Princess Anne

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2520-537: The country, the Sudbury schools , open classroom schools, those based on experiential education and schools using an international curriculum such as the International Baccalaureate and Round Square schools. Families seeking alternatives for educational, philosophical or religious reasons, or if there is no nearby educational alternative may opt for home-based education. A minor branch

2580-562: The courts to send delinquents to the Society's reformatories instead of sending them to prison. Concerned about the lack of hope for those who came before the courts the printer Frederic Rainer, a volunteer with the Church of England Temperance Society (CETS), wrote to them in 1876 with a five shilling donation towards a fund for rescue work in the police courts . In response the CETS appointed

2640-452: The findings of research conducted in five AP schools across three UK cities. While the survey shows that just 31% of teachers work in schools with links to local crime prevention charities, Safer Schools highlights the need for schools to build strong relationships with community organisations. In April 2016, Catch22 together with The National Children's Bureau NCB launched a collection of essays entitled 'Rethinking Children's Services: Fit for

2700-598: The first Fellow in Social Entrepreneurship. The Catch22 Fellowship is an 18-month programme established to financially support outstanding individuals who have already demonstrated success in tackling a social problem , and who are looking to take their ideas to scale. Only Connect: In October 2015 Only Connect was acquired by Catch22. A small London-based charity, Only Connect is recognised for its radical and human approach to rehabilitation. The agreement, which sees Only Connect remain an independent charity,

2760-561: The first, Kinokuni Children's Village in Wakayama Prefecture, of several alternative, democratic schools. In all he created six schools in Fukui prefecture, Kitakyushu, and Yamanashi prefecture. As friend and Japanese translator of A.S. Neill his work has been inspired by Summerhill School . In 2003 Japan introduced Special Zones for Structural Reform ( 構造改革特別区域 ), based on China 's Special Economic Zone policy, which enable

2820-436: The heart. Catch22 has been supporting Unlocked by providing office space, access to networks and staff resource. Catch22 has an ambitious strategy which seeks to ensure public services embrace the opportunity to be bold and innovative. This is reflected in the way the organisation itself does business and it will continue to explore the 'new world' of charity finance, and consider the ways in which social investment could benefit

2880-505: The leading organisations in trying to change the way public services are run. Its actions are governed by three main principles: being more human, unlocking capacity and local accountability. It's with these principles in mind that the organisation has been piloting new service models, exploring innovative ways of funding services and acting as a platform to support other organisations. In a changing financial environment, many social enterprises have had to find new ways to fund themselves and as

2940-517: The lifting of martial law in Taiwan, the Forest School  [ zh ] ( 森林 小學 ) was the first alternative education school in Taiwan. It seeks to diverge from traditional Chinese education methodology and requires parents of their students to not hit or scold their children. The term 'forest school' has become a generalized term used by schools with alternative education approaches. There

3000-578: The needs and aspirations of learners and job seekers, as well as the needs of employers and the economy, today and in the future. Catch22 also invests in social enterprise and provides apprenticeships to get young people work ready and improve their employability skills. Catch22 seeks to make the justice system work by delivering effective rehabilitation through meaningful relationships. They operate in areas such as offender management, gangs in custody, victim services, community rehabilitation, veterans in custody and resettlement services. Catch22 has been one of

3060-464: The official Government body for inspecting schools and colleges, rated Catch22's Apprenticeships and Study Programme provision as Good. April 2015: Catch22's independent school in Buckinghamshire gains Good Ofsted rating. include Buckinghamshire is the fifth include school awarded a 'Good' inspection grade across Catch22's network of independent schools. In April 2016 Catch22 was selected as

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3120-587: The opening of government-accredited schools providing alternative education. Two years later, the first such school was founded. Despite the schools' high tuition, some parents send their children to international schools to acquire fluency in a foreign language (usually English). Although international schools are not certified by the Japanese government, many are approved by their native country (the U.S., Canada, Germany, France, Korea and China) and some offer an International Baccalaureate program. Founded after

3180-471: The problems of homeless children who were to be found begging and stealing on the streets. The Society began by opening homes where children in need and young offenders were trained in cottage industries working under the instruction of skilled tradesmen. This was one of the first attempts in the United Kingdom to separate the treatment of young offenders from the adult population. In 1806 the Society

3240-469: The sector has led to concerns being raised by Ofsted and the Department for Education in relation to so called illegal schools operating. Illegal schools refer to alternative provision centres providing students with a full time education without first registering properly as a school. Operating in this way means that providers avoid inspection by Ofsted. A variety of educational alternatives exist at

3300-630: The stages of child development and the gradual integration of the child into adult society through planned experiential learning. The sources of stimulus would be from the philosopher John Dewey in the United States, from post WW1 New Schools in Great Britain and the Steiner/Waldorf schools in Europe. The Libertarian tradition focuses on the rights of the parents and children to make their own educational and life choices. As noted by Levin "It

3360-406: The term "alternative" was adopted partly to distinguish these schools from the independent, parent-student-teacher-run "free" schools that preceded them (and from which some of the schools actually evolved) and to emphasize the boards' commitment to options within the public school system. Progressive educational tradition places emphasis on both the need to incorporate curriculum and teaching to match

3420-469: The viewpoint of liberal and radical politics. The argument for an approach catering to the interests and learning style of an individual is supported by research suggesting that a learner-responsible model is more effective than a teacher-responsible one. Ron Miller has identified five elements common to educational alternatives: In modern times, at least in some localities, the legal right to provide educational alternatives has become established alongside

3480-452: Was developed in Italy , introduced by Loris Malaguzzi . Cultural critics such as John Caldwell Holt , Paul Goodman , Frederick Mayer and George Dennison have examined education from individualist , anarchist , and libertarian perspectives. Other writers, from Paulo Freire to American educators Herbert Kohl and Jonathan Kozol , have criticized mainstream Western education from

3540-451: Was explicitly designed to foster innovation in public service delivery and it is hoped it will pave the way for a new type of relationship between smaller and larger sized charities. Unlocked: In 2016 Catch22 has been incubating Unlocked Graduates, a Teach First-style programme which aims to attract talented graduates to work in prison for an initial two-year period. The goal is to transform prisons into learning environments, with education at

3600-671: Was incorporated by Act of Parliament, sanctioning its work with juvenile delinquents. Archives show that by 1848 1,500 children had been helped and only 1 in 20 committed further offences. In 1849 the Society founded the Farm School for Boys at Redhill in Surrey modelled on the Mettray Penal Colony in France. The Reformatory School Act of Parliament (1854), championed by a movement supported by Charles Dickens , allowed

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