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39-755: Rock River may refer to: Streams [ edit ] United States Rock River (Mississippi River tributary) , a tributary of the Mississippi River in Wisconsin and Illinois Rock River (Big Sioux River tributary) , a tributary of the Big Sioux River in Minnesota and Iowa Rock River (Lake Michigan) , a tributary of Lake Michigan in Michigan Rock River (Lake Superior) ,
78-765: A notable higher western bank, begins with three separate branches that flow into the Horicon Marsh . The northernmost branch, the West Branch, begins just to the west of the village of Brandon in Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin and flows east and then south to Horicon Marsh. The South Branch rises north of Fox Lake in Dodge County and flows east through Waupun to the marsh. The East Branch rises southeast of Allenton in Washington County just west of
117-591: A people along the St. Lawrence River , which is now northern New York. The precise time is unknown, but around the time of the year 1600, they were driven from the area of the St. Lawrence River . Some historians believe that the Sauk migrated to what is now eastern Michigan , where they settled around Saginaw Bay (Ojibwe: Zaagiinaad-wiikwed – "Of the Outlet Bay"). For many years, the Sauk are believed to have prospered in
156-622: A tributary of Lake Superior in Michigan Rock River (Sturgeon River tributary) , a tributary of the Sturgeon River in Michigan Rock River (Lake Champlain) , a tributary of Lake Champlain in northern Vermont Rock River (West River tributary) , a tributary of the West River in southern Vermont Little Rock River , in Minnesota and Iowa in the United States Canada Rock River (Yukon) ,
195-1096: A tributary of the Bell River; see List of rivers of Yukon Communities [ edit ] Rock River, Michigan , in Onota Township, Michigan, USA Rock River Township, Michigan , USA Rock River, Wyoming , USA Rock River, a community in Clarendon, Jamaica Other uses [ edit ] Rock River Arms , an American firearms company Rock River Generating Station , Wisconsin, USA Rock River Hotel , Illinois, USA Rock River Music , music branding agency in San Francisco, CA and Putney, VT Rock River Raptors , professional indoor football team in Rockford, Illinois, USA Rock River Seminary, original name of Mount Morris College in Mount Morris, Illinois, USA Topics referred to by
234-565: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Rock River (Mississippi River tributary) The Rock River is a tributary of the Mississippi River , approximately 299 miles (481 km) long, in the U.S. states of Wisconsin and Illinois . The river was known as the Sinnissippi to Sauk and Meskwaki peoples; the name means "rocky waters". The river, which has
273-773: Is part of the National Water Trails System and the first National Water Trail in Wisconsin and Illinois. Rock River Park is on County Road B about a half mile west of Johnson Creek, Wisconsin in Jefferson County, Wisconsin and offers river access and an artesian spring. The river is also home to the Rock Aqua Jays , an amateur water ski club that performs at Traxler Park in downtown Janesville, Wisconsin. Communities listed from north to south. Sauk people The Sauk or Sac are Native Americans and Indigenous peoples of
312-1048: Is used for various water and paddling sports. The Rock River Water Trail is on the river from its headwaters above the Horicon National Wildlife Refuge in south central Wisconsin to the confluence with the Mississippi River at the Quad Cities of Illinois and Iowa 330 miles downriver. It crosses five counties in Wisconsin, six counties in Illinois and runs through 37 municipalities. The slow moving river passes scenic rural landscapes, wilderness areas and urban areas. The first two trailheads are at Waupun County Park in Waupun, Wisconsin and Rivers Edge Park in Theresa, Wisconsin and there are 32 additional access points in Dodge County, Wisconsin . The trail
351-541: The Oskush/Askasa/Shkasha (male: Shkasha/Oshkashîwiwa , female: Shkashîhkwêwa/Oshkashîhkwêwiwa ) ("the brave"). The two moieties were each symbolized by two colors: The Askasa/Shkasha painted their faces and partly their bodies with charcoal in mahkatêwâwi (black) and the Ki-sko-ha/Kîshkôha painted their bodies with white clay in wâpeshkyâwi (white). This duality was also celebrated by
390-661: The Niagara Escarpment , and flows north and west through Theresa to the marsh. Leaving the marsh, it meanders southward to the Illinois border, ending about 300 miles later at the Mississippi River at the Quad Cities in Illinois and Iowa. During its course, it passes through Watertown , collects the Crawfish River in Jefferson , and receives the Bark River at Fort Atkinson . Shortly before merging,
429-513: The Potawatomi (Pehkînenîha or Shîshîpêhinenîha). This relation has been found by borrowings of Sauk vocabulary that appear in the Potawatomi language . In a loose coalition of tribes – including Dakota (Ashâha), Ho-Chunk , Ojibwe, Odawa, Potawatomi, Kickapoo (Kîkâpôwa), Meskwaki (Fox), and Sauk, along with the Shawnee (Shâwanôwa), Cherokee (Shanahkîha), and Choctaw (Châkitâha) from
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#1732764938359468-747: The Dakota, Pawnee (Pânîha) and, most of all, the powerful Osage (Washâsha). The Sauk had good relations with the English (Thâkanâsha) through trading. At first, the Sauk had good relations with New France too, until their alliance with the Meskwaki (Fox) made them short-term enemies of the French (Mêmehtekôshîha, Wêmehtekôshîha). A closely allied tribe, the Meskwaki (Fox) , were noted for resisting French encroachment, having fought two wars against them in
507-688: The Dawes Act purposely broke collective tribal lands into small allotments designated for individual households. The remainder of land not allotted to the Sac and Fox was then sold to non-Native settlers in an attempt to gain Oklahoma statehood and the full assimilation of its Native American population. By 1889, 519 of the tribe were located in Indian Territory, what is now central Oklahoma. On June 10, 1891, they ceded these Indian Territory lands to
546-467: The English as "Sauk". The Sauk/Sac called themselves the autonym of Othâkîwa, Thâkîwa, Thâkîwaki or Asaki-waki/Oθaakiiwaki people of the yellow earth [("people coming forth [from the outlet]," i.e., "from the water")], which is often interpreted to mean "yellow-earth people" or "the Yellow-Earths", due to the yellow-clay soils found around Saginaw Bay. This interpretation possibly derived from
585-600: The Northeastern Woodlands . Their historical territory was near Green Bay, Wisconsin . Today they have three tribes based in Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska, and Oklahoma. Their federally recognized tribes are: They are closely allied with the Meskwaki people. Their Sauk language is part of the Algonquian language family . The Sauk or Sac called themselves Thâkîwaki, translating as "people coming forth [from
624-583: The Rock and Crawfish rivers cross Interstate 94 . Both rivers flood the nearby land regularly, and lanes on I-94 were temporarily closed in 2008 because of this flooding. In northern Rock County, Wisconsin , it receives the Yahara River , and flows southward through tiny Fulton, Janesville and Beloit into northern Illinois, where it receives the Pecatonica River 5 miles (8 km) south of
663-504: The Sauk as once dwelling at this location near Lake Huron . There is little archaeological evidence that the Sauk lived in the Saginaw area. In the early 17th century, when natives told French explorer Samuel de Champlain that the Sauk nation was located on the west shore of Lake Michigan, Champlain mistakenly placed them on the western shore of Lake Huron . This mistake was copied on subsequent maps, and future references identified this as
702-585: The Sauk occupying the area of Saginaw Valley. The Ojibwe allied with the Odawa, who resided south of the Sauk, and sprung a series of attacks on the Sauk, which practically decimated their people. One such attack, the Battle of Skull Island, occurred on a peninsula in the Saginaw River, which then was called Skull Island. (Its name came from the many skulls and bones supposedly found in mounds on that island over
741-470: The Sauk words Athâwethiwa or Athâw(i) ("yellow") and Neniwaki ("men, people"). This was later shortened to "Asaki-waki". In addition, the Fox (Meskwaki) were generally known among neighboring tribes as the "people of the red earth" - the Sauk and Fox also used this term: Êshkwîha or Meshkwahkîha ("people of the red earth"). The Sauk, an Algonquian languages people, are believed to have developed as
780-462: The Sauk. At first, Keokuk accepted the loss of land as inevitable in the face of the vast numbers of white soldiers and settlers coming west. He tried to preserve tribal land and his people, and to keep the peace. Having failed to receive expected supplies from the Americans on credit, Black Hawk wanted to fight, saying his people were "forced into war by being deceived". Led by Black Hawk in 1832,
819-925: The Southeast – they attacked the tribes of the Illinois Confederation (Mashkotêwa) and tried to invade their tribal areas. The Illinois (Inoca) became their worst common enemies. The coalition warred for years until they destroyed the Illinois Confederation. Later they moved out on the prairie (Mashkotêwi) along the Mississippi and adopted the semi-sedentary lifestyle of Plains Indians (Mashkotêwineniwa). In addition to hunting buffalo , they lived in villages, raised crops, and actively traded with other tribes. The Sauk and allied eastern tribes had to compete with tribes who already occupied this territory. Disputes and clashes arose with
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#1732764938359858-468: The civil chiefs were hereditary. The other two chiefs were recognized by bands after they demonstrated their ability or spiritual power. This traditional manner of selecting historic clan chiefs and governance was replaced in the 19th century by the United States appointing leaders through their agents at the Sac and Fox Agency, or reservation in Indian Territory (now Oklahoma). In the 20th century,
897-405: The early 18th century. After a devastating battle of September 9, 1730, in Illinois, in which hundreds of warriors were killed and many women and children taken captive by French allies, Fox refugees took shelter with the Sac. This made the Sauk subject to French attack in turn. The Sauk continued moving west to Iowa and Kansas . Keokuk and Black Hawk were two important leaders who arose among
936-572: The federal government. Many of the latter treaties listed have little to no information regarding their details, besides the date. The Sauk signed a total of 39 treaties from 1758 to 1891 The Sauk and Fox peoples were divided into two moieties or "divisions", which in turn were subdivided into Patri-lineages and Clans as local subgroups (segments). The moieties were known as the Kishko/Ki-sko-ha/Kîshkôha (male: Kîshkôha , female: Kîshkôhkwêha ) ("the long-haired") and as
975-473: The fertile valley of Saginaw thereafter. They had been driven west by pressure from other tribes, especially the powerful Haudenosaunee , which sought control over hunting grounds in the area. Some Ojibwe oral histories also place the Sauk in the Saginaw Valley some time before the arrival of Europeans. Sauk traditions state that the tribe occupied the vicinity of Saginaw river. (In this tradition,
1014-485: The mainly Sac band resisted the continued loss of lands (in western Illinois, this time.) Their warfare with United States forces resulted in defeat at the hands of General Edmund P. Gaines in the Black Hawk War . From 1832 to 1837, debt and poverty were tools used to coerce the Sauk and Meskwaki to relocate three times following successive cessions of territory. The population of the two tribes living in Iowa
1053-599: The mouth of the Rock River ( Sinnissippi – "rocky waters") into the Mississippi ( Mäse'sibowi – "great river"), the most important Sauk settlement in the 18th and 19th centuries with about 4,000 inhabitants, was divided into 12 districts, which were assigned to the respective clans. The tribe was governed by a council of sacred clan chiefs, a war chief, the head of families, and the warriors. Chiefs were recognized in three categories: civil, war, and ceremonial. Only
1092-579: The name 'Saginaw' comes from the Ojibwe "O-Sauk-e-non," meaning "land of the Sauks" or "where the Sauks were.") Approximately from the years 1638 to 1640, it is believed that a fierce battle ensued, nearly annihilating the entire Sauk Tribe. According to the legend, the Ojibwe inhabited the lands north of the Saginaw Bay, and the harsher northern climate caused more difficulty in prosperity compared to that of
1131-449: The outlet]" or "[from the water]". Their autonym is written oθaakiiwaki in the current orthography. Ojibwe people called them Ozaagii(-wag) . The latter name was transliterated into French and English by European colonists. The neighboring Anishanabeg Ojibwe (Sauk name: Ochipwêwa) and Odawa peoples referred to them by the exonym Ozaagii(-wag) , meaning "those at the outlet". French colonists transliterated that as Sac and
1170-473: The place of the Sauk. Champlain never visited what is now Michigan. Anishinaabe expansion and the Huron attempting to gain regional stability drove the Sac out of their territory. The Huron were armed with guns supplied by their French trading partners. The Sac moved south to territory in parts of what are now northern Illinois and Wisconsin . In the 17th century the Sauk also maintained close relations with
1209-417: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Rock River . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rock_River&oldid=1242387295 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
Rock River - Misplaced Pages Continue
1248-716: The state line. It flows south through Rockford , then southwest across northwestern Illinois, picking up the Kishwaukee River , passing Oregon , Dixon , Sterling (which has the Sinnissippi Mounds national historic site and local park) and Rock Falls before joining the Mississippi at Rock Island . It was on the Rock River in Dixon where Ronald Reagan was a lifeguard. Reagan's favorite fishing spot, now called "Dutch Landing" after Reagan's nickname ,
1287-964: The supporters of the Republican Party are associated with the Shkasha/Shkashîhkwêwa . Originally, the Sauk had a patrilineal and exogamous clan system , in which descent and inheritance was traced through the father. Clans or Mîthonî distinguished and named on the basis of totem animals, which are: Mahkwithowa (Bear Clan), Amehkwithowa (Beaver Clan), Peshekethiwithowa (Deer Clan), Ketiwithowa / Mekethiwithowa (Eagle Clan), Nemêthithowa (Fish Clan), Wâkoshêhithowa (Fox Clan), Kehchikamîwithowa (Ocean/Sea/Great Lake Clan), Keshêhokimâwithowa (Peace Clan), Ahpenîthowa (Potato Clan), Akônithowa (Snow Clan), Nenemehkiwithowa (Thunder Clan), Manethenôkimâwithowa (Warrior Clan), and Mahwêwithowa (Wolf Clan). Saukenuk or Saukietown (today: Black Hawk State Historic Site ) near
1326-482: The tribe adopted a constitutional government patterned after the United States form. They elect their chiefs. Today, the federally recognized Sac and Fox tribes include: Lake Osakis in west-central Minnesota , the Sauk River , ^ which flows from Lake Osakis, and the towns of Osakis , Sauk Centre , and Sauk Rapids all were named for association historically with a small party of Sac who made camp on
1365-673: The two moieties in Lacrosse , which was often played extremely brutally to toughen young warriors for combat, for recreation, as part of festivals, and used as preparation for imminent wars or raids. This division has survived to the present day, but is now more related to the political system of the United States: the supporters of the Democratic Party are associated with the Kîshkôha/Kîshkôhkwêha , while
1404-621: The two tribes together since their residency in the Midwest. A number of Meskwaki returned to the Midwest from Oklahoma (or resisted leaving.) They joined the Meskwaki at the Meskwaki Settlement in Tama County, Iowa . The land currently occupied by the Sauk is only a section of what used to be the Sac and Fox Reservation from 1867 to 1891. This reservation was established by the U.S. and spanned 480,000 acres. In 1886, however,
1443-449: The years.) In this battle, it is said that the Sauk had used their boats to cross part of the river, escape to the island, and were temporarily free from their attackers. But when morning came, ice had solidified the river enough for the Ojibwe to cross. They killed every member of the Sauk tribe who had fled to that island besides 12 women whom they later sent west of the Mississippi River. But later Europeans may have mistakenly recorded
1482-574: Was halved in the twelve years from 1833 to 1845. About this time, one group of Sac moved into Missouri, and later to Kansas and Nebraska. In 1869, after the Civil War, the United States forced the larger group of Sac to move into a reservation in Indian Territory (now the state of Oklahoma ). They formed the federally recognized Sac and Fox Nation , which is misnamed and is primarily Sauk. The United States had been making treaties with
1521-503: Was just southwest of Lowell Park on the Rock River. There are 25 dams on the Rock River. These are in Theresa (WI, 3 dams), Waupun (WI), Horicon (WI), Mayville (WI, 2 dams), Kekoskee (WI), Hustisford (WI), Watertown (WI, 2 dams), Jefferson (WI, 4 dams), Indianford (WI), Janesville (WI), Beloit (WI), Rockton (IL), Rockford Fordham (IL), Oregon (IL), Dixon (IL), Sterling / Rock Falls (IL, 2 dams), Milan (IL) and Rock Island (IL). The river
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