In the history of Rolls-Royce automobiles, only two distinct series of V8 engines have been produced. The first powered the 1905 "V-8" model and was made in very small numbers. The second was developed in the 1950s and was known internally as the "L Series" of engines. The L Series V8, in highly developed form, continues to power Bentley automobiles into the 21st century.
102-434: Three 1905 Rolls-Royce V-8 automobiles were manufactured using the company’s first V-8 engine design but only one example was sold, a car using the two seat "Legalimit" body. This proved unreliable and was later taken back by the factory and scrapped. The other two were used for factory transport or display purposes. Rolls ordered three more chassis for delivery in 1906 but there is no evidence these were ever made. No example of
204-690: A 14-speaker stereo. Bentley provides a range of packages that adorn the interior of the Mulsanne, along with various customisation options. Exclusive additions, such as a drink cabinet with a bottle cooler, additional vanity mirrors, power curtains, and unique features like special colours, veneers, embroidery, and jewellery boxes, are available for individual preferences. Notable package highlights include: Comfort Specification with massage ventilation, comfort headrests with faux suede pads and two extra loose cushions and reclining seats with footrests similar to those of an aeroplane . The Premier Specification adds
306-481: A 15.6-inch centrally located HD LED screen or 8-inch screens fitted within the front seat headrests and a boot-mounted Apple Mac computer. The Mulsanne Executive Interior with iPad Specification was unveiled at the 2012 Moscow International Auto Salon. The Mulsanne Le Mans Edition is a limited version (48 units per model) of the Mulsanne for the North American market, commemorating Bentley's six victories at
408-408: A 1905 V-8 car or engine is known to survive. Although the 1905 V-8 cannot be judged a success, lessons learned from the engine were used in subsequent Rolls-Royce engine designs. Having used straight six, straight eight and V-12 engines in the interim period, the need for another new engine was recognised in the early 1950s. Development of a totally new V8 engine began in 1952, bearing no relation to
510-477: A Mulsanne must memorise and possess the skills to complete over 6.5 work hours on the car. With a production rate of just nine cars per week, the Mulsanne production line comprises 12 workstations fed by seven sub-assembly/trim areas. The pace is deliberate, with each workstation spending 203 minutes per car, compared to the nine minutes per station for the Continental GT. The Mulsanne is manually moved along
612-626: A Wi-Fi hotspot. Unveiled at the 2016 Geneva Motor Show , the Bentley Mulsanne Extended Wheelbase (EWB) prioritises the rear-seat passenger experience. With an additional 250 mm (10 in) of rear legroom compared to the standard model, the EWB introduces airline-style extending legrests and a rear compartment sunroof. Optional electronic leg rests integrated into the rear seats offer various seating positions, including upright, relaxed, and reclined. The EWB comes standard with
714-636: A bespoke signature Mulsanne Shaheen logo on the rear iPad picnic tables using a gold overlay, iPad picnic tables, a Wi-Fi hotspot, a large tilt-opening tinted glass sunroof, and an electrically operated bottle cooler. The Mulsanne Seasons Collector's Editions (慕尚四季臻藏版) are limited (10 units for each of orchids (Spring), bamboo (Summer), chrysanthemums (Autumn), and plum (Winter); 1 unit for Golden Pine (Whole Year Edition)) versions of 2014 Bentley Mulsanne with Mulliner Driving Specification for China market, inspired China's culture. Designed with Lin Xi 's interpretation of
816-432: A capacity criticised by Motor Trend as below expectations for a vehicle of its size. Safety features include anti-lock brakes (ABS), electronic stability control (ESC), front, side and overhead airbags , seat belt pretensioners, and a vehicle intrusion security system. Its coefficient of drag is rated at 0.33 C d . The Speed variant of the Mulsanne offers enhanced performance and more features compared to
918-403: A chrome grille surround with a black square-mesh insert evocative of the original Blue Train, a Bentley Driver's Club badge fixed to the grille, a retractable Flying 'B' engraved with the words "Blue Train 85 Years", Burnt Oak and Camel leather, door stitch patterns that mimic the original car, sill plates and headrests showcasing the original car's silhouette, and a rendering of the original car in
1020-499: A dark tint finish applied to the stainless steel matrix grille, distinctive headlights, a "floating ellipse" design on the rear taillights, Bentley's first directional-style wheel and tire set, and twin rifled exhaust tailpipes. Interior features include a "colour split" with new stitch lines that balance diamond quilted light-colour hide with darker, smooth hide, a 60 GB onboard hard drive, electrically-operated tables with recesses and connections for iPads and matching keyboards and
1122-628: A direct result of Webb's influence and others received benefit from his support." These included the LNWR Cricket Club (established in 1850) and the Crewe Alexandra Athletic Club (established in 1867). However, Webb's influence allegedly also extended to intimidation of Liberal Party sympathisers. In September 1885, the editor of the Crewe Chronicle published charges against Webb, saying "That through
SECTION 10
#17327935451141224-464: A faster and more controlled combustion process. This gives the Speed a 0–97 km/h (60 mph) acceleration time of 4.8 seconds, which is 0.3 seconds faster than the standard model. Meanwhile, the top speed is increased by about 3.4%, from 296 to 306 km/h (184 to 190 mph). Other features exclusive to the Speed include a Sports mode in the suspension system settings, exterior enhancements like
1326-506: A great interest in local politics and was "the most influential individual in the town". "Described just before his retirement as 'the King of Crewe', Webb came to exercise control over the working lives of over 18,000 men - one third of the total LNWR workforce. Over half these lived in Crewe, around 8,000 being employed at the locomotive works. Several recreational and sporting organisations were
1428-472: A large-format sunroof featuring an Alcantara sunblind, controllable by both passengers and the driver. The large-format sunroof features an Alcantara sunblind, is standard on the EWB, and can be controlled by the passengers or the driver. An optional centre console, made from veneer, metal, glass and leather, can be ordered to divide the rear seats. The rear seats can also be specified with folding picnic tables. Electric privacy curtains are fitted as standard to
1530-593: A luggage set individually numbered and hand-crafted to match with the interior of each car. The 95 is a Limited Edition version of the Bentley Mulsanne developed to celebrate the company's 95th anniversary, and limited to 15 units reserved for the UK market. Exterior colour options unique to the 95 include Britannia Blue, Empire Red or Oxford White over an interior of blue and white two-tone leather divided by red stitching. Other features specific to this model include
1632-518: A means to negate the requirement to purchase engines from BMW for the Bentley Arnage model. Renamed the L675, it remained under continuous development, although it was superseded by a 6.0L W12 Volkswagen engine in other models. The Bentley brand and all former Rolls-Royce and Bentley automotive manufacturing assets have been owned by Volkswagen AG since 1998. Around 1987, the requirement for
1734-533: A meticulous process spanning approximately 200 hours (16 days). A total of 298 employees are dedicated to each unit, with the collective effort of about 4,000 employees contributing to the completion of all 7,300 Mulsannes. The assembly area covers an extensive 521,111 m (5,609,190 sq ft), serving as the centre for all aspects of car production. This includes design, research and development, engineering, manufacturing, quality control, as well as operations related to sales and marketing. The first stage of
1836-504: A more modern, downsized V8 engine was identified. Engine designers Derek Jackson and Geoff Attwood performed the majority of work under Les Maddock and Colin Weston, the first result of which was the N80, a 4-valve, double overhead camshaft, 5.0 litre V8. This successfully ran first stage 1000 hours testing straight off the drawing board without incident. Subsequently, the marketing brief foresaw
1938-515: A presence in the park include Air Products , Barclays , and Fujitsu . The 12 acre Crewe Gates Industrial Estate is adjacent to Crewe Business Park, with smaller industry including the ice cream van manufacturer Whitby Morrison . The Weston Gate area has light industry and distribution. Marshfield Bank Employment Park is to the west of the town, and includes offices, manufacturing and distribution. There are industrial and light industrial units at Radway Green. The town has two small shopping centres:
2040-564: A section dedicated to Crewe news. The local radio station is The Cat broadcasting on 107.9FM from the Cheshire College South and West building covering the town along with Nantwich and other local settlements. Other radio stations that cover the area include Cheshire's Silk Radio from Macclesfield, Hits Radio Staffordshire & Cheshire (formerly Signal 1) and Greatest Hits Radio Staffordshire & Cheshire from Stoke-on-Trent and BBC Radio Stoke . Cheshire has adopted
2142-410: A smooth and even appearance. Following the lacquering process, each car undergoes fine sanding and is polished with lamb's wool for 12 hours, resulting in a reflective finish, dubbed by Bentley as the "Mirror Finish". Wood plays a crucial role, forming a foundation of solid walnut, cherry, or oak that runs through the dashboard and doors of the Mulsanne. Exclusive to this model, a solid wood substrate
SECTION 20
#17327935451142244-443: A total population of 76,437 in 2021. Crewe is perhaps best known as a large railway junction and home to Crewe Works ; for many years, it was a major railway engineering facility for manufacturing and overhauling locomotives, but now much reduced in size. From 1946 until 2002, it was also the home of Rolls-Royce motor car production. The Pyms Lane factory on the west of the town now exclusively produces Bentley motor cars. Crewe
2346-491: A weekly Mass in Polish ) and two Baptist . There is a museum dedicated to Primitive Methodism in the nearby village of Englesea-Brook . The Jacobean mansion Crewe Hall is located to the east of the town near Crewe Green . It is a grade I listed building, built in 1615–36 for Sir Randolph Crewe . Today, it is used as a hotel, restaurant and health club. There is a multiplex Odeon cinema on Phoenix Leisure Park on
2448-436: A weight loss of 6 kilograms (13 lb) by using a new crankshaft, 130 grams (4.6 oz) per piston and 100 grams (3.5 oz) per conrod. The pistons and gudgeon pins received a coating of diamond-like carbon (DLC), and the piston skirts were coated with graphite . These coatings served to minimise friction and fuel consumption, while also optimising the durability of the components under high engine loads . Before
2550-550: Is Manchester Airport , which is 30 miles (48 km) away; Liverpool John Lennon Airport is 40 miles (64 km) away. Crewe Heritage Centre is located in the old LMS railway yard for Crewe railway station . The museum has three signal boxes and an extensive miniature railway with steam, diesel and electric traction. The most prominent exhibit of the museum is the British Rail Class 370 Advanced Passenger Train . The Grade II-listed Edwardian Lyceum Theatre
2652-468: Is 158 miles (254 km) northwest of London , 28 miles (45 km) south of Manchester city centre, and 31 miles (50 km) southeast of Liverpool city centre. The name derives from an Old Welsh word criu , meaning ' weir ' or 'crossing'. The earliest record is in the Domesday Book , where it is written as Creu . The original settlement of Crewe lies to the east of the modern town. It
2754-693: Is a Limited Edition version of the Bentley Mulsanne equipped with the Mulliner Driving Specification as standard. The Shaheen was unveiled at the 2013 Dubai Motor Show and specifically developed for the Middle East market, with design details inspired by the Shaheen eagle, a bird of prey found in the Middle East. Changes include Tungsten over Onyx paintwork inspired by the colourings of the Shaheen eagle, Magnolia and Beluga leather interior upholstery, Dark Stained Burr Walnut Veneer,
2856-495: Is a five-minute walk from the shopping centre. It has a weekly footfall of approximately 100,000 visitors. A planned redevelopment of Crewe's town centre, including the current bus station and main shopping area, was abandoned because of "difficult economic conditions" during 2008. There were also plans to revamp the railway station which involved moving it to Basford . This was pending a public consultation by Network Rail scheduled for autumn 2008, but no such public consultation
2958-470: Is a limited (60 units) version of the Mulsanne commemorating Queen Elizabeth II 's birthday and Diamond Jubilee . Notable changes included bespoke embroidery to all four headrests using gold stitching, veneered picnic tables in the rear cabin decorated with a gold overlay depicting a royal carriage, hide cushions featuring the same motif, polished stainless steel treadplate plaques with 'Bentley Mulliner, England' script and 'Diamond Jubilee Edition'. The model
3060-540: Is built at the Crewe plant, and takes nearly 30 hours to build. As part of Mulsanne Seasons Collector's Editions launch, Breitling SA produced a Breitling for Bentley B04 GMT Mulsanne wrist watch. During the Mulsanne Seasons Collector's Editions launch in 2013 Guangzhou International Auto Show, the 1000th Chinese customer for Bentley Mulsanne was announced. A Mulsanne competed in the 2012 Goodwood Festival of Speed hill climb. A Mulsanne
3162-520: Is in the centre of Crewe. It was built in 1911 and shows drama, ballet, opera, music, comedy and pantomime. The theatre was originally located on Heath Street from 1882. The Axis Arts Centre is on the Manchester Metropolitan University (MMU) campus in Crewe. It relocated from the university's Alsager Campus when it closed. The centre has a programme of touring new performance and visual art work. The Axis centre closed at
Rolls-Royce V8 engine - Misplaced Pages Continue
3264-617: Is located less than a mile from the town centre, although it was not incorporated into the then Borough of Crewe until 1937. It is one of the largest stations in the North West and is a major interchange station on the West Coast Main Line . It has 12 platforms in use. The station is served by several train operating companies : Crewe is on the A500 , A530 and A534 roads; it is located less than 5 miles (8 km) from
3366-551: Is on Pyms Lane to the west of town. As of early 2010, there are about 3,500 working at the site. The factory used to produce Rolls-Royce cars, until the licence for the brand transferred from Bentley's owners Volkswagen to rival BMW in 2003. There is a BAE Systems Land & Armaments factory in the village of Radway Green near Alsager , producing small arms ammunition for the British armed forces. The headquarters of Focus DIY , which went into administration in 2011,
3468-776: Is overlaid with a selection of a dozen different veneers, sourced from sustainable origins globally, with colours ranging from red to brown and black. These veneers often come from century-old exotic trees, including vavona from California, madrona from the US, olive ash from Europe and Southwest Asia, tamo ash from China, or birds-eye maple from North America. Customers were progressively shifting from curly wood grains to more modern straight grains like eucalyptus from Australia and Spain, koa from Hawaii or liquid amber from Mississippi. Stone veneers from stone mined in India, formed over 200 million years ago, are often used. Each sheet of wood, derived from
3570-469: Is upholstered in leather, and the dashboard contains the owner's signature. The signature is also present on the front bumper, and special badges are located on the sills and wheel centres. The exterior colour scheme is reminiscent of the Bentley 8 Litre , and features a two-tone paint scheme with chrome present on the radiator grille and bonnet strip. Production is limited to 100 units. Bentley unveiled
3672-580: The 2010 North American International Auto Show , and its fourth and final at the 2012 Qatar Motor Show . The first Mulsanne produced, with chassis number 00001, was sold in 2009 at the Gooding & Company Pebble Beach auction for US$ 500,000 (US$ 550,000 after buyer premium) to an undisclosed bidder. Deliveries in England began in September 2010. Each individual Mulsanne is hand-built and undergoes
3774-494: The 24 Hours of Le Mans . Each car included a unique Le Mans Edition numbered badge, Le Mans Edition clock face, embroidered Le Mans badge to each headrest, tread plates with the limited edition name, unique Le Mans Edition wheels and specific interior veneers and exterior colours. The LeMans Edition consisted of six models, named after the winning drivers: The models were unveiled at the 2013 Pebble Beach Concours d'Elegance and went on sale in third quarter of 2013. The Shaheen
3876-484: The Arnage following Volkswagen Group 's acquisition of Bentley. At that juncture, there was neither a formalised strategy nor sufficient funding for the replacement of Bentley's flagship with an entirely new vehicle. Originally, the upcoming Continental Flying Spur was slated as the successor, but dissatisfaction with this concept prompted Bentley chairman Franz-Josef Paefgen to abruptly discontinue it. He advocated for
3978-639: The Arnage —rear-wheel drive with the front axle centerline optimally positioned forward, and a 6.75-litre push-rod V8 engine equipped with twin-turbochargers . The individualistic headlamps were designed to resemble those of the Jaguar S-Type from the 1960s. Throughout its ten-year manufacturing period, Bentley produced approximately 7,900 examples at the Crewe facility in England. The Mulsanne has generally been well received, with Jeremy Clarkson , best known for his appearances on Top Gear, claiming that
4080-476: The M6 motorway . Bus services in Crewe are operated predominantly by D&G Bus ; their routes link the town with Congleton (route 42), Leighton Hospital (12), Macclesfield (38), Nantwich (84X) and Northwich (31/37). Stagecoach Merseyside & South Lancashire runs route 84 to Chester and First Potteries operate a single service (route 3) running to Stoke-on-Trent, via Kidsgrove. The closest airport to Crewe
4182-534: The comprehensive school model of secondary education, so all of the schools under its control cater for pupils of all levels of ability. Until the late 1970s Crewe had two grammar schools , Crewe Grammar School for Boys, now Ruskin High School and Crewe Grammar School for Girls, now the Oaks Academy (formerly Kings Grove School). The town's two other secondary schools are Sir William Stanier School ,
Rolls-Royce V8 engine - Misplaced Pages Continue
4284-561: The flagship automobile for the company during its production run. Honorifically, the Mulsanne was referred to as "The Grand Bentley" during its development. Replacing the Rolls-Royce -based Arnage , the Mulsanne was Bentley's first independently-built automobile since the 8 Litre , which W. O. Bentley conceived. Unveiled initially at the Pebble Beach Concours d'Elegance , the Mulsanne retained two key elements from
4386-522: The second-generation Continental GT . Each individual unit undergoes a meticulous process that takes 400 hours (2 weeks), of which 136 hours (five days) are dedicated to interior trimming. Production of the Mulsanne concluded on 25 June 2020, signifying not only the end of its ten-year manufacture but also the end of Bentley's 6¾-litre engine after a consecutive 61-year production period. The 6¾-litre V8 engine, introduced in 1959 and heavily revised and updated in 2010, could not be updated any further to meet
4488-666: The unitary authority , Cheshire East Council ; at parish level, since 4 April 2013, local matters have been dealt with by Crewe Town Council , which is based at 1 Chantry Court, Forge Street, Crewe, CW1 2DL. Crewe applied for City status as part of the Platinum Jubilee Civic Honours in 2022. The application was unsuccessful and Crewe remains a town. Like most of the United Kingdom, Crewe has an oceanic climate , with warm summers and cool winters and relatively little temperature change throughout
4590-423: The 1905 version apart from its V8 configuration. Rolls-Royce purchased Bentley in 1931 and the new engine was intended for use in both Rolls-Royce and Bentley automobiles. The result was a series of V8 engines known internally as the "L410", the name relating to its bore size of 4.10 inches, in accordance with the company practice. Despite some attempts at changing the naming convention, the engine has kept both
4692-655: The 1930 Bentley Speed Six coupé that outran the so-called "Blue Train" Calais-Mediterranée Express from Cannes to Calais, going so far as to return to London four minutes before the train reached the English Channel. A total of four Bentley Mulsanne Speed "Blue Train" models would be built, in celebration of the four-minute victory. Two of the cars were rendered in Beluga (solid black) and the other two cars were open to custom paint schemes. Other features specific to this model include 21-inch black wheels with polished centres,
4794-476: The 2008 Brooklands coupe. Throughout its development, one of the team's goals was to construct a heavy vehicle, as part of Bentley's philosophy that the weight of a car is intrinsically linked to its identity, as perceived by customers. Bentley believed that a lighter vehicle would "spoil the driving experience," which British magazine Evo described as a "strange thing to hear from a car company these days". Nevertheless, Paefgen instructed engineers not to surpass
4896-563: The 4.10 inch bore and the name L410 throughout its life, with the exception of the odd prototype. Continuous improvement saw the L410I, denoting fuel injection, the L410IT (for Injection Turbo) and the L410ITI (for Injection Turbo Intercooler). 94MY (model year) saw the introduction of a serpentine drive belt front-end, revised combustion system and an integrated engine cover. Developments of
4998-522: The Apple system and one Apple interface connector for the iPod, control keys on rear console operate picnic tables, reading lights, control HD LED screen and select video and audio options; Armrest with Tibaldi pen and 'Privacy Telephone handset', bottle cooler in rear centre console with illuminated double-glazed frosted glass door, additional multi-directional reading lights provided for each rear passenger and can be operated with Apple devices, mood lighting in
5100-519: The Bentley Mulsanne equipped with the Mulliner Driving Specification and Entertainment Specification (twin 8-inch LCD screens in the rear of the seat headrests, a DVD player, a Wi-Fi hotspot, the Naim for Bentley audio system and iPads integrated into the hand-crafted solid wood picnic tables) as standard. The Birkin Edition was inspired by Sir Henry 'Tiger' Tim Birkin and limited to 22 units exclusively for
5202-455: The Chinese 'Four Seasons', all models include 21-inch Mulliner Polished Wheel, twin picnic tables. Each model includes a season-specific theme (except Golden Pine): The vehicles were unveiled at the 2013 Guangzhou International Auto Show. The Golden Pine car was sold for 8,880,000 yuan, while other models were sold for 6,880,000 yuan. The Birkin Edition is a Limited Edition model of
SECTION 50
#17327935451145304-548: The Crewe local board district was incorporated to become a municipal borough . The town has a large park, Queen's Park (laid out by engineer Francis Webb ), the land for which was donated by the London and North Western Railway , the successor to the GJR. It has been suggested that their motivation was to prevent the rival Great Western Railway building a station on the site, but the available evidence indicates otherwise. Webb took
5406-438: The EWB and can be tailored with either a black or ivory-coloured lining. Headrests, Alcantara headrest cushions and a powered Alcantara roller blind are additional options unique to the EWB. The Mulsanne Grand Limousine was presented at the 2016 Geneva Motor Show . It is 1,000 millimetres (39 in) longer and has 79 millimetres (3.1 in) more headroom in the back than the standard Mulsanne. Accommodating four passengers in
5508-515: The European market. Other features specific to this model include a choice of 3 body colour schemes (Ghost White, Damson, and a contrast of Fountain Blue and Dark Sapphire), numbered door sill plaques, a 21-inch wheel design inspired by those on the original Mulsanne concept car, a 3D 'Flying B' logo stitched into the vehicle headrests and inlaid into the wood of the front fascia and rear picnic tables,
5610-779: The L410 continued in production to power Rolls-Royces and Bentleys until the adoption of BMW V12 power by Rolls-Royce in the Silver Seraph and, subsequently, after BMW was granted a license to use the Rolls-Royce brand (for automobiles) in the Goodwood-produced Phantom. The L410 engine was still used by Bentley until 2020, latterly in the Bentley Mulsanne , having been brought back into production by Volkswagen Group due to customer demand, and also as
5712-533: The Mulsanne is a four-door sedan which was offered in two body lengths: short- and extended-wheelbase. Incorporating various internal and external elements from the Arnage, it employs a blend of high-strength steel and lightweight aluminium. The team that assembles the Mulsanne is composed of 298 Bentley employees. The interior was designed under the direction of British automobile designer Robin Page, who also led that of
5814-418: The Mulsanne's assembly process involves its body in white , where Bentley metalworkers perform 5,800 individual welds, joining hundreds of meters of steel and aluminium. Bentley's objective was to render all traces of welds entirely imperceptible, creating the illusion that the body seamlessly originated from a single piece of metal. In specific areas, such as where the roof merges into the rear haunch through
5916-716: The Park (previously held at Tatton Park in 2018) in Queens Park. The 2020 event, which had been due to take place on 12 September, was cancelled on 20 May, due to the COVID-19 pandemic . Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC North West and ITV Granada from the Winter Hill TV transmitter. The weekly Crewe Chronicle and the daily Sentinel newspapers cover the town. Cheshire Live, an online news source that covers news across Cheshire, also has
6018-602: The Tory political demands of the Management, they have created a state of political serfdom in the works." In December 1889, Liberal statesman William Ewart Gladstone wrote a letter to the Chronicle condemning the company's behaviour in the town. The railway provided an endowment towards the building and upkeep of Christ Church. Until 1897 its vicar, non-conformist ministers and schoolteachers received concessionary passes,
6120-650: The Victoria Centre and the Market Centre. There are outdoor markets throughout the week. Grand Junction Retail Park is just outside the centre of town. Nantwich Road provides a wide range of secondary local shops, with a variety of small retailers and estate agents. The Market Centre is the largest shopping centre in Crewe. It is situated in the heart of the town centre with a few national retailers, including B&M , Poundstretcher and Peacocks . There are three large car parks nearby and Crewe bus station
6222-427: The action, direct and indirect, of Tory railway officialism, the political life of Crewe is cramped and hindered beyond recognition". In November 1889, Crewe Town Council debated a motion which accused LNWR managers of working with Crewe Tories "to crush Liberalism altogether out of the town": "... by intimidation and persecution of your Liberal workmen, and by making the chances of promotion depend upon subserviency to
SECTION 60
#17327935451146324-435: The burr walnut passenger-side wood veneer. The first production unit featured a unique picnic set, trimmed with the same two-tone leathers as the interior of the car, containing Robbe & Berking silver cutlery, Haviland Limoges porcelain, 'champagne flutes', and an Angora picnic rug. The Mulliner team handcrafted the leather cutlery holders as well as the leather rug holder which featured "Blue Train" embroidery. The picnic set
6426-624: The car. The Mulsanne undergoes a hand-assembly process in a dedicated build area staffed by 120 employees, distinct from the main assembly hall operating lines for the Bentayga , Continental GT , and Flying Spur models. This intricate process involves connecting 2 mi (3.2 km), 50 kilograms (110 lb) wiring looms, fitting dashboards and steering wheels, marrying engines, adding brake fluids and coolants, assembling matrix grills with front fenders, attaching wheels, bonding windscreens, and installing doors and seats. Every artisan working on
6528-444: The deep D-pillar , a team brazes the joint by hand until it becomes entirely invisible to the human eye, particularly once the vehicle is painted. Customers are offered a choice from a palette of over 120 exterior paint colours from Bentley, or they can opt to create a custom colour, matching it to a precious object if desired. Due to the body's curvature, the paint application requires precise hand spraying at various depths to achieve
6630-417: The development of an entirely new vehicle, preserving two integral elements of the Arnage's design—rear-wheel drive with the front axle centerline optimally positioned forward, and a 6.75-litre push-rod V8 with a twin-turbo system. In the winter of 2005, three design concepts were selected and transformed into digital form. Alias models were then created, and one-third-scale clay models were milled from
6732-478: The edge of the town centre, as well as a Mecca bingo hall and a Tenpin bowling alley. Queens Park is the town's main park; £6.5 million was spent on its restoration in 2010. It features walkways, a children's play area, crown green bowling, putting, a boating lake, grassed areas, memorials and a café. Jubilee Gardens are in Hightown and there is also a park on Westminster Street. In 2019, Crewe hosted Pride in
6834-656: The end of the spring 2019 season with the withdrawal of MMU from the Crewe campus. The Box on Pedley Street is the town's main local music venue. Both the Lyceum Theatre and the Axis Arts Centre feature galleries. The private Livingroom art gallery is on Prince Albert Street. The town's main library is on Prince Albert Square, opposite the Municipal Buildings. Crewe has six Anglican churches, three Methodist , one Roman Catholic (which has
6936-501: The final edition of the Mulsanne called the "Mulsanne 6.75 Edition by Mulliner" which is limited to 30 units. This model marks the end of the Mulsanne production, the end of the Mulsanne as Bentley's flagship model, and the end of the world's longest continuously produced V8 engine, spanning 60 years. The Mulsanne Executive Interior Concept is a version of the Mulsanne demonstrating a new multimedia connectivity concept. It included two electric-powered, foldable wood veneer picnic tables in
7038-460: The flying B decoration, two umbrellas, a valet key, and a remote-control garage door opener. The Entertainment Specification adds 10.4-inch rear-seating tablets, veneered picnic tables and a Naim sound system. The range-topping Mulliner Driving Specification adds exclusive 21-inch wheels, sport-tuned suspension, perforated seats and door panels and leather trimming. The Mulsanne offers 443–446 L (15.6–15.8 cu ft) of boot/trunk space,
7140-552: The increasingly stringent emission regulations, namely CO 2 emissions. No replacement for either Mulsanne or 6¾-litre V8 engine is planned. Instead, the third generation Flying Spur would succeed the Mulsanne as Bentley's flagship model. The development and design phase of the forthcoming flagship began in June 2005, with initial design concepts penned at the Bentley Design studio in Crewe , England. Developed under
7242-527: The interior design was British designer Robin Page, who also supervised that of the second-generation Continental GT . Despite being a new model developed and engineered wholly at the Bentley Crewe facility, its engine, the 6¾-litre unit developed with Rolls-Royce, was predominantly carried over from the Arnage. However, modifications were implemented to reduce weight, increase horsepower , and optimise fuel efficiency . The engine revision resulted in
7344-523: The internal codename "Project Kimberley", the name of which was inspired by a diamond found in South Africa , the Mulsanne project represented Bentley's first independently designed and developed car since W. O. Bentley 's conception of the 8 Litre in 1930. The car was also the company's first model developed wholly at the Crewe design facility. The inception of the Mulsanne was an unforeseen project, as efforts were initially focused on preserving
7446-427: The kerb weight of the preceding Arnage. The exterior styling was overseen by a team directed by Belgian designer Dirk van Braeckel , who articulated that the styling drew inspiration from the tradition of historical grand touring Bentleys. Van Braeckel stated that, "from the very first-hand sketches in the styling studio [...] we have sought to evolve this story for a new generation of Bentley enthusiasts". Heading
7548-439: The launch of the 2009 model, the Mulsanne designation was most recently employed by Bentley to denote a four-door saloon manufactured from 1980 to 1992. Subsequently, it was reinstated as the nomenclature for the successor to the Arnage, which served as Bentley's flagship model at the time. It made its first appearance at the Pebble Beach Concours d'Elegance in 2009, its second at the 2009 Frankfurt Motor Show , its third at
7650-420: The local board district was renamed in 1869 the civil parish was not. As such, there was a Crewe district which contained the parish of Monks Coppenhall, but did not contain the parish of Crewe. An old, local riddle describes the somewhat unusual states of affairs: "The place which is Crewe is not Crewe, and the place which is not Crewe is Crewe." The population expanded rapidly to reach 40,000 by 1871. In 1877
7752-413: The neighbouring parish of Crewe rather than the borough of Crewe until 1936. The borough boundary was significantly enlarged in 1936 to absorb the parish of Church Coppenhall and parts of several other neighbouring parishes, including the area of Crewe parish around the railway station. The reduced Crewe parish to the east of the town formally changed its name to Crewe Green in 1984. During World War II
7854-487: The north of Crewe railway station, and a " railway colony " soon started developing in the area north-west of the station. In 1840 Joseph Locke , chief engineer of the Grand Junction Railway, produced plans for a new town there. The railway company built much of the early town itself in the 1840s and 1850s. Although the nascent town was in the township of Monks Coppenhall rather than the Crewe township, it
7956-464: The north, had rejected an earlier proposal, as had local landowners in neighbouring Nantwich , 4 miles (6 km) away. The company then settled on the route through Crewe and the station was built in fields near Crewe Hall . The station was in the township of Crewe, but the land north-west of the station was in the neighbouring township of Monks Coppenhall, which formed part of the parish of Coppenhall . The company built its main locomotive works to
8058-555: The production line. Following this assembly, each vehicle undergoes a thorough visual inspection for quality against a 500 to 650-point checklist before receiving final sign-off. Standard features include 20-inch wheels, air suspension, soft-close doors and trunk, keyless entry and ignition, a sunroof, and parking sensors. Interior highlights include four-zone automatic climate control, heated 14-way power-adjustable front seats, eight-way adjustable rear seats, power rear-window privacy glass, an eight-inch touchscreen infotainment system, and
8160-525: The rear cabin, each with Apple iPad and Apple Bluetooth keyboards; Apple Mac Mini stored in boot compartment, roof console with 15.6 in (396 mm) High Definition LED dropdown monitor, illuminated rear centre console fitted with twin individual armrests, rear console with Apple iPod (control panel), two cup holders, tissue box and large stowage area; Apple iPod controls (Rear Seat Entertainment (RSE) and audio system, Apple Media Centre, plays music and access to internet), 2 USB connectors provided for
8262-488: The rear centre console (using multiple soft glowing LEDs), illuminated docking station and cup holders . The vehicle was unveiled at the 2011 Los Angeles Auto Show . The Bentley Grand Convertible is a four-seat, luxury convertible concept car from Bentley Motors . The car debuted at the 2014 LA Auto Show . Production of the Mulsanne began at the Crewe plant in spring 2010 and ended in summer 2020. Each car took about 400 hours to produce. The 6¾-litre V8 engine
8364-399: The rear with the addition of two rear-facing seats, the front and rear seats are separated by an electrochromic glass, providing the option to toggle between transparency and opacity. Each seat features its own air conditioning system, ensuring individualised comfort. Bentley announced in 2021 that an additional five examples would be available for sale. The Mulsanne Diamond Jubilee Edition
8466-529: The requirement for a higher capacity version and the N81, 6.0 litre version, was designed. The project was stopped around 1991 with further development of the L410 engine that enabled emissions requirements to be met using a pre-catalyst assembly at substantially lower investment. Bentley Mulsanne (2010) The Mulsanne is a full-size luxury car that was manufactured and marketed by British automaker Bentley Motors from March 2010 to June 2020. It served as
8568-463: The ride is quiet and the torques were great while criticising the number of switches and the fact that it was less "tasteful" than a Rolls-Royce Ghost . In 2005, development work on the Mulsanne officially commenced under the codename "Project Kimberley", the name of which was inspired by the Kimberley diamond originating from South Africa. Styled by Belgian automobile designer Dirk van Braeckel ,
8670-444: The same tree, undergoes a process where the root burl is steamed and cut into 0.6 mm (0.024 in) slices. This ensures that the pattern and colour remain consistent throughout the entire car and age uniformly. Laser-cut veneers are mirror-matched to create 33 separate components. Following sanding, each part receives five layers of lacquer, undergoes a 72-hour curing process, is then sanded and polished again before being fitted to
8772-449: The school having been established in 1842. The company provided a doctor's surgery with a scheme of health insurance. A gasworks was built and the works water supply was adapted to provide drinking water and a public baths . The railway also opened a cheese market in 1854 and a clothing factory for John Compton who provided the company uniforms, while McCorquodale of Liverpool set up a printing works. The railway station remained part of
8874-642: The site of a transport hub for the Phase 2a High Speed 2 (HS2) railway line, which received royal assent in 2021 with planned completion in 2027. The plan included a new HS2 railway station, surrounded by a commercial hub providing 37,000 jobs and 7,000 homes by 2043. However on 4 October 2023, Prime Minister Rishi Sunak announced the cancellation of this phase of the HS2 development at the Conservative Party Conference . Crewe railway station
8976-474: The site once occupied by the works has been sold and is now occupied by a supermarket, leisure park, and a large new health centre. There is still an electric locomotive maintenance depot to the north of the railway station, operated by DB Cargo UK . The diesel locomotive maintenance depot , having closed in 2003, reopened in 2015 as a maintenance facility for Locomotive Services Limited , having undergone major structural repairs. The Bentley car factory
9078-425: The standard model. Its 6.75-litre twin-turbocharged V8 petrol engine underwent modifications, resulting in an output of 395 kW; 530 hp (537 PS) and 1,100 N⋅m (811 lb⋅ft), in comparison to the standard model's 377 kW; 505 hp (512 PS) and 1,020 N⋅m (752 lb⋅ft). It benefits from a 13% increase in efficiency as a result of a newly redesigned combustion system that promotes
9180-408: The strategic presence of the railways and Rolls-Royce engineering works (turned over to producing aircraft engines) made Crewe a target for enemy air raids, and it was in the flight path to Liverpool . The borough lost 35 civilians to these, the worst raid was on 29 August 1940 when some 50 houses were destroyed, close to the station. Crewe crater on Mars is named after the town of Crewe. Crewe
9282-579: The three designs. A presentation to the Bentley board in March 2006 led to two proposals being chosen for full-scale clay models, with the final design freeze occurring in winter 2007. The design team, including senior designer Crispin Marshfield, designer Gareth Thomas, and junior designer Vitalis Enns, spent a year refining the design through a combination of clay and digital iterations. Hand clay modelling
9384-531: The words 'Ninety Five' joined by Union Jack Flags on illuminated treadplates, the number '95’ is also embroidered onto the front and rear seats, the Flying 'B' bonnet mascot with a darker tint, and wood veneer that Bentley claims is sourced from a fallen walnut tree aged between 300 and 400 years old. The "Blue Train" is a Limited Edition version of the Bentley Mulsanne Speed created to celebrate
9486-463: The year. The railways still play a part in local industry at Crewe Works , which carries out train maintenance and inspection. It has been owned by Alstom since 2021. At its height, the site employed over 20,000 people, but by 2005 fewer than 1,000 remained, with a further 270 redundancies announced in November of that year. Currently Alstom employs 6000 people across the UK and Ireland. Much of
9588-534: Was a township in the parish of Barthomley . The original settlement of Crewe later became known as Crewe Green to distinguish it from the newer town to its west. The town of Crewe owes its existence to Crewe railway station , which opened in 1837 on the Grand Junction Railway . When the route for the railway was being planned, alternative routes and locations for the main station in this area were considered; Winsford , 7 miles (11 km) to
9690-488: Was crucial for achieving the desired sculptural quality. Extensive work in CFG and the wind tunnel, along with input from suppliers, led to design tweaks and the creation of full-size GKN data control models. The final selection process by the board in September 2007 resulted in a design freeze, with the two full-scale clays sharing similar features like a shallow V-shaped hood and distinctive locomotive-style shoulders inherited from
9792-505: Was described by author Alan Garner in his novel Red Shift as "the ultimate reality". Crewe was mentioned in 1984 as the setting of the 19th episode The Flying Kipper , in the first series of Thomas & Friends . Crewe is within the United Kingdom Parliamentary constituency of Crewe and Nantwich . Crewe is within the ceremonial county of Cheshire . Since April 2009 Crewe has been administered by
9894-512: Was done. The plan was abandoned and maintenance work was carried out on the current station instead. Cheshire East Council developed a new regeneration master plan for Crewe, which included the opening of a new Lifestyle Centre, with a new swimming pool, gym and library. After a £3 million refurbishment, the Crewe Market Hall re-opened its doors on 19 May 2021, the start of many new developments in Crewe. Crewe had been planned as
9996-470: Was in the town. Off-licence chain Bargain Booze is also Crewe-based. It was bought-out in 2018 by Sir Anwar Pervez ' conglomerate Bestway for £7m, putting drinks retailing alongside its Manchester-based Well Pharmacy . Several business parks around the town host light industry and offices. Crewe Business Park is a 67-acre site with offices, research and IT manufacturing. Major corporations with
10098-406: Was known as Crewe from the start. The modern town of Crewe was thus named after the railway station, rather than the other way round. In 1859 the township of Monks Coppenhall was made a local board district , giving the town its first form of local government. The district's name was changed from Monks Coppenhall to Crewe in 1869. Townships were redefined as civil parishes in 1866, and whilst
10200-405: Was offered as an option for the other three cars. The Mulsanne W.O. Edition was presented at the 2018 Geneva Motor Show as a 100th anniversary celebration of the founding of Bentley Motors by W.O. Bentley . Designed by Mulliner, each W.O. Edition is claimed to feature a piece of the crankshaft from W.O. Bentley's personal car, displayed in the arm rest in an integrated display case. The interior
10302-861: Was unveiled at the Beijing International Automotive Exhibition in Sanlitun district. The design of the Mulsanne Executive Interior was based on the Mulsanne Executive Interior Concept. The car is offered in two specifications, Theatre and iPad. The iPad Specification includes 2 electrically-deployed veneered picnic tables for rear passengers (colour-matched to the seats of the Mulsanne) and two iPads with wireless keyboards. Mulsanne Theatre Specification includes
10404-517: Was used as the 2012 Nürburgring 24 Hour Race official parade car. Crewe Crewe ( / k r uː / ) is a railway town and civil parish in the unitary authority of Cheshire East in Cheshire , England. The civil parish of Crewe had a population of 55,318 in the 2021 census . The larger Crewe built-up area, which also covers parts of the adjacent civil parishes of Willaston , Shavington cum Gresty and Wistaston , had
#113886