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18-704: The Rajmahal Hills are located in the Santhal Pargana division of Jharkhand , India . They were located on the northern margin of the Gondwana supercontinent, and its hills are today inhabited by the Sauria Paharia people whilst its valleys are dominated by the Santhal people . The hills span over an area of 2,600 km (1,000 sq mi). Volcanic activity during the Jurassic resulted in

36-558: A collection of them. There are fears of these fossils disappearing, as the state government in 2018 gave a mining lease in the area to private companies. This article related to a location in Jharkhand is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Santhal Pargana division Santal Pargana division constitutes six district administration units known as the divisions of Jharkhand state in eastern India . Santal Pargana derives its name from two words: " Santal ",

54-808: A consequence of Santal uprising, the British passed the Santhal Parganas Tenancy Act ,1876 which offered some protection for the tribals against exploitation. It prohibits the sale of Adivasi land to non-Adivasis in the Santal Pargana region along present day Jharkhand's border with West Bengal. After Independence of India, the Santal Pargana Tenancy Act, 1949 is the first codified law of tenancy in Santal Pargana division of Jharkhand. When enacted, it supplemented existing British-era tenancy laws and codified some of

72-463: A distinction between male and female Gosain , but each village has different conceptions of which Gosain are male and which are female. The names of the Gosain are generally local to their area, and vary depending on the village. The home deity is represented by a door and is worshipped during the construction of a new house. The Gomo (pillar of the house) Gosain provides health and well-being, and

90-573: A major inhabited tribe in the region and Pargana , a unit of administration in Persian language used mostly by medieval rulers. Santal Pargana is one of the divisions of Jharkhand . Its headquarters is at Dumka . Presently, this administrative division comprises six districts: Godda , Deoghar , Dumka , Jamtara , Sahibganj and Pakur . This region is mentioned as Kajangala in different ancient literatures specially in Buddhist literatures. It

108-475: A new field. The Jiwe Urkkya is at first a fierce spirit, until a feast is given on the 5th day after the funeral, after which he becomes benevolent. Afterwards, the death anniversary, known as Bhoje , is celebrated by karra pujar , animal sacrifices. For the Karra pujar , the buffalo is most preferred. The feasts and offerings to ancestors are given by the demano , the village priest, who is believed to speak with

126-610: A year: one during the Bandana festival and just before sowing in a Kurwa field. Female Gosains are worshipped at the Gosain Adda and Bender Nadu , at which are sacrificed black fowl and pigs respectively. The Chal Nadu , on the nearest hilltop, is the place at which sacrifices are conducted if a calamity befalls the village. Sauria Paharias practice shifting cultivation, called jhum . They lead family lives. The Saurias are divided into three distinct cultural groups, namely

144-548: Is mentioned that the Chinese monk-traveller Xuanzang (Hiuen Tsang) travelled from Champa (recent Bhagalpur ) to Kajangala and then proceeded to Pundravardhana (recent Bangladesh ) in the 7th century AD. He says that the northern limit of its territory (means Sahebganj ) was not very far from the Ganges . The forests to the south had plenty of elephants . The people were straight forward, talented and devoted to education. In

162-659: The Santal Revolt (Santal Hul) against the Britishers but were defeated. Their other siblings namely Chand Murmu, Bhairo Murmu, Phulo Murmu, Jhano Murmu also followed elder brothers leadership for fighting against injustice. In 1855, during British India , Santal Parganas was created as a district, and was a part of the Bengal Presidency . Santal Parganas was a district, in undivided Bihar state, India. After formation of Jharkhand in became division. As

180-552: The Sohar Gosain lives in the cattle shed and protects the cattle from harm. The Saurias also believe in evil spirits, called Alchi or Bhoote , as well as witchcraft ( Chargani ). The most important place for veneration of the Gosain is the Manjhi Than , where the most significant Gosain is worshipped. This Gosain is male and is represented by five black stones under a small tree. The Manjhiya makes two sacrifices

198-691: The Govt. Of India accomplishes recent Census). This article related to a location in Jharkhand is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Sauria Paharia people According to Kurukh traditions, when they were driven out of their home in the Son valley, the main group migrated towards Palamu but a smaller group moved down the Gangetic valley till they reached Rajmahal Hills , where they settled mostly in Damin-i-koh . The language of

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216-644: The Rajmahal Formation have been declared National Geological Monuments of India by the Geological Survey of India (GSI), for their protection, maintenance, promotion and the enhancement of geotourism . The Rajmahal hills contain plant fossils which are 68 to 145 million years old . The fossils here have attracted geologists and palaeobotanists from all over the world. The Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany in Lucknow has

234-620: The Sauria Paharias is closely linked to that of the Oraons. Sauria Paharias are listed as a primitive tribe and have a population of around 45,000 in Jharkhand , with a possible negligible population in West Bengal . They constitute less than 1 per cent of the tribal population in Jharkhand . The Sauria Paharias mainly worship their ancestral spirits, known as Jiwe Urkkya ("the spirit that has left"), especially before sowing

252-589: The customary laws related to tribal land. Languages in Santhal Parganas division (2011) It has a population of 6,969,097. Santali , Bengali and Hindi are mostly spoken national languages, followed by regional dialect Khorta. Religions in Santhal Parganas 2011 census Majority of the population follows Hinduism . Sari Dharam is followed by the Santal tribe residents and Sarna by other tribe . (The percentage will notified soon official sooner

270-598: The formation of the Rajmahal Traps . The hills are approximately located at 25°N 87°E  /  25°N 87°E  / 25; 87 . The Rajmahal hills are named after the town of Rajmahal which lies in the eastern Jharkhand. The hills trend north-south with an average elevation of 200–300 m (660–980 ft), from the Sahibganj district to the Dumka district. The River Ganges wanders around

288-500: The hills changing the direction of flow from east to south. Francis Buchanan-Hamilton travelled through the Rajmahal hills in the early 19th century. He described the hills that seemed impenetrable in a zone where few travellers had been. He wrote that everywhere people were hostile, apprehensive of officials and unwilling to talk and, in some cases, left their villages and absconded. The plant fossil bearing inter-trappean beds of

306-701: The system of Permanent Settlement , British encourage paharia of Rajmahal hills to practice settled agriculture but they refused to cut trees. Then British officials attracted attention to Santals who were ready to clear the forests for settled agriculture. In 1832, a large number of area demarcated as Damin-i-koh . Santal from Cuttack , Dhalbhum , Birbhum , Manbhum , Hazaribagh migrated, clear forest tracts and started cultivating these lands as peasants. British collected tax from Santals as revenue. The imposition of taxes, exploitation by Zamindar and money lenders sparked Santal rebellion. The Sidhu and Kanhu Murmu , two brothers organized and led Santal inhabitants for

324-470: The voices of the Jiwe Urkkya . Offerings are typically made during harvest season or during the Bandana festival. Ancestral worship is important for Saurias because they believe that, once he is satiated with offerings, he joins Bero Gosaiyya , the sun god. The Saurias also worship a group of spirits called Gosain . These are associated with every phenomenon in the world around them. The Saurias make

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